Life Road through Lake Lake: History of the Great Patriotic War. Blood Leningrad
The blockade of Leningrad is a military blockade of German, Finnish and Spanish (Blue Division) with troops with volunteers from North Africa, Europe and the Naval Forces of Italy during the Great Patriotic War of Leningrad (now St. Petersburg).
Lost from September 8, 1941 to January 27, 1944 (the blockade ring was broken on January 18, 1943) - 872 days.
By the beginning of the blockade in the city there was no sufficient food and fuel reserves.
The only way to communicate with Leningrad remained Lake Lake, which was located within the reach of artillery and aviance of precipitating, on the lake also acted by the United Navy of the opponent. The throughput of this transport artery did not comply with the needs of the city. As a result, a massive hunger, which began in Leningrad, was aggravated by a particularly harsh first blockade in winter, problems with heating and transport, led to hundreds of thousands of deaths among the inhabitants.
The battle for Leningrad was the longest during the Great Patriotic War, and lasted from July 10, 1941.
on August 9, 1944, the Soviet troops during the 900-day defense of Leningrad were the major forces of the German and the entire Finnish army, contributed to the victories of the Red Army in other sites of the Soviet-German front. The defense of Leningrad became a symbol of the courage and heroism of the Soviet people and its armed forces. Leningraders showed samples of resistance, excerpts and patriotism.
The expensive price paid residents of the city, the losses of which during the blockade amounted to about 1 million people.
During the war, Hitler repeatedly demanded to challenge the city with Earth, destroy all his population, strangle hunger, suppress the resistance of defenders by massive air and artillery strikes. About 150 thousand were collapsed to the city.
shells, over 102 thousand incendiary and about 5 thousand fugas bombs.
Defense of Leningrad
But his defenders did not flinch.
The defense of Leningrad acquired a nationwide character, expressed in close cohesion of troops and the population under the leadership of the city defense committee. In July - September 1941, 10 national militia divisions were formed in the city. Despite the hardest conditions, the industry of Leningrad did not stop their work. During the blockade period, 2 thousand tanks, 1.5 thousand aircraft, thousands of guns, a lot of warships were repaired and produced, 225 thousand were manufactured.
automata, 12 thousand mortars, about 10 million shells and mines. The city committee of defense, party and Soviet bodies did everything possible to save the population from hunger.
Help Leningrad was carried out on the transport highway through the Lake Ladoga, called expensive life.
Transportation during the navigation periods produced Ladoga Flotilla and North-West River Shipping Company. On November 22, the military road laid on the ice of the Lake Lake, on which only in the winter of 1941/42
more than 360 thousand tons of cargo were delivered. Over the entire period of action on the road of life, over 1.6 million tons of cargo were transported, about 1.4 million were evacuated.
human. For feeding to the city of petroleum products, a pipeline was laid on the bottom of the Lake Lake, and in the fall of 1942 - the energy cable. From the sea, Leningrad covered the Baltic fleet.
He also provided military transport in Finnish Bay and Ladoga Lake. In the territory of the Leningrad, the Novgorod and Pskov regions occupied by the enemy, the guerrillas launched.
On January 12-30, 1943, an operation was carried out on the breakthrough of Leningrad blockade (Iskra). The operations were attended by shock groups of the Leningrad and Volkhov fronts with the assistance of the Baltic Fleet forces and Aviation of Far Action. The duration of the operation is 19 days. Width of the front of the fighting - 45 km. The depth of promotion of Soviet troops is 60 km. The average daily rate of the offensive is 3-3.5 km. During the offensive of the troops of the Leningrad and Volkhovsky fronts, he broke through the blockade of Leningrad, creating a corridor with a width of 8-11 km, which made it possible to restore the land communications of the city with the country.
The southern coast of Lake Lake was purified from the enemy. Despite the fact that the further offensive of the Soviet Development Troops did not receive, the Blocade breakout operation had an important strategic importance and was a turning point in the battle for Leningrad.
The idea of \u200b\u200bthe enemy to strangle the hunger of defenders and residents of the city was Torn. The initiative of combat operations in this direction passed to the Red Army.
the troops of Leningrad, Volkhovsky and part of the forces of the 2nd Baltic fronts, in cooperation with the Baltic fleet, conducted a Leningrad-Novgorod strategic offensive operation.
As a result of the Leningrad-Novgorod operation, a serious defeat of the German group of Army "North" was applied and the blockade of Leningrad was finally lifted, almost the entire Leningrad and Novgorod region was released, as well as the main part of Kalininskaya, Soviet troops entered the limits of Estonia. Thus, favorable conditions were created to defeat the enemy in the Baltic States.
According to the Federal Law "On the Days of Military Fame (Victory Days) of Russia" of March 13, 1995
Leningrad blockade
Leningrad blockade lasted Exactly 871 days. This is the longest and terrible siege of the city in the entire history of mankind. Almost 900 days of pain and suffering, courage and dedication.
Many years after the breakthrough of the blockade of Leningrad, many historians, and simple ordinary people, wondered - was it possible to avoid this nightmare? Avoid - apparently no. For Hitler, Leningrad was a "tagged piece" - after all, there is a Baltic fleet and the road to Murmansk and Arkhangelsk, from where during the war came help from the allies, and in the event that the city surrendered, it would be destroyed and stuffed from the face of the Earth.
Is it possible to soften the situation and prepare for it in advance? The question is controversial and worthy of a separate study.
The first days of the blockade of Leningrad
On September 8, 1941, in the continuation of the onset of the fascist army, the city of Shlisselburg was captured, so the ring of the blockade was closed. In the first days, few people believed in the seriousness of the situation, but many residents of the city began to prepare to prepare for siege: just a few hours of savings, all savings were withdrawn from the savings, the shops were empty, everything that is possible.
It was not evacuated to everyone when systematic shelling began, and they began immediately, in September, the paths for evacuation were already cut off. There is an opinion that it was the fire that happened on the first day of the blockade of Leningrad in Badaevsky warehouses - in the repository of the city's strategic reserves - provoked a terrible hunger of blockade days.
However, not so long ago, the declassified documents give several other information: it turns out that there was no such "strategic stock", since in the conditions of the war began to create a big stock for such a huge city, which Leningrad was (and lived in it at that time about 3 Million people) could not be possible, so the city was fed by bringing products, and there would be enough existing reserves for a week.
Literally from the first days of the blockade, food cards were introduced, school closed, military censorship was introduced: any investments in the letter were prohibited, and the messages containing faln nominations were made.
Leningrad blocade - pain and death
Memories of the blockade of Leningrad peoplewho survived her, their letters and diaries open us a terrible picture.
A terrible hunger hit the city. Money and jewelry depreciated. Evacuation began in the fall of 1941, but only in January 1942 it became possible to bring a large number of people, mostly women and children, across the road of life. In bakery, where daily pie was issued, there were huge queues. In addition to hunger, a blockade Leningrad attacked other disasters: very frosty winters, sometimes the thermometer column descended to - 40 degrees.
End fuel and frozen water pipes - the city remained without light, and drinking water. Another misfortune for the deposited city of the first blockade roots became rats. They not only destroyed food reserves, but also all sorts of infections. People died, and they did not have time to bury, the corpses lay straight on the streets. Cases of cannibalism and robbery appeared.
Life of blockade Leningrad
At the same time, Leningraders tried to survive the Leningrads and do not give to die their native city.
Not only: Leningrad helped the army, releasing military products - the factories continued to work in such conditions. Theaters and museums restored their activities. It was necessary - to prove to the enemy, and, the main thing about themselves: the blockade of Leningrad will not kill the city, he continues to live!
One of the bright examples of amazing dedication and love for homeland, life, the hometown is the history of creating one musical work. During the blockade, the famous symphony of D.Shostakovich, named later "Leningrad" was written. Rather, the composer began writing it in Leningrad, and finished in evacuation.
When the score was ready, she was taken to the deposited city. By that time, the symphony orchestra was already resumed in Leningrad.
On the day of the concert, so that enemy raids could not disrupt him, our artillery did not allow a single fascist aircraft to the city! All blocks worked by the Leningrad Radio, which was for all Leningraders not only a lively spring of information, but also just a symbol of continuing life.
Road of life - Pulse of the deposited city
From the first days of the blockade of its dangerous and heroic case, the road of life - the pulse of the blockade Leningrad but.
In the summer - water, and in the winter - an ice path connecting Leningrad from the "Big Earth" in Ladoga Lake. On September 12, 1941, the first barges with food came to the city on this way, and until late autumn, until the storms made shipping impossible, there were barges on the way. Each flight was a feat - enemy aviation increablely made his gangster raids, the weather conditions were often also not on hand to sailors - barges continued their flights even in the late autumn, until the very appearance of ice, when navigation is already impossible in principle.
On November 20, the first equestrian traffic went down on the Ladoga Ladoga. A little later, trucks went through the ice road of life. The ice was very subtle, despite the fact that the truck is only 2-3 bags with food, ice was broken, and there were cases when the trucks were drowning. With risk to life, drivers continued their deadly flights to the Spring. Military road No. 101, as they called this route, allowed to increase bread and evacuate a large number of people.
To break this thread, connecting the blockade city with the country, the Germans sought constantly, but thanks to the courage and strength of the spirit of Leningradians, the road life lived herself and gave life to the Great City.
The value of the Ladoga route is huge, she saved thousands of lives. Now on the shore of Ladoga Lake is the Museum "Road of Life".
Children's contribution to the liberation of Leningrad from blockade. Ansamble A.E.Obranta
At all times there is no greater grief than a suffering child. Blocked children are a special topic. Early matured, not children's serious and wise and wisely, they brought the victory along with adults. Heroes' children, each fate of which is the bitter szvuk of those terrible days.
Children's dance ensemble A.E. Obrant - a special piercing note of a blockade city. In the first winter, Leningrad blockade many children were evacuated, but many other children remained in various reasons in the city. Palace of Pioneers, located in the famous Anichkov Palace, with the beginning of the war, moved to martial law.
It must be said that 3 years before the war on the basis of the Palace of Pioneers, the ensemble of songs and dance was created. At the end of the first blockade winter, the remaining teachers tried to find their pupils in the besieged city, and from the children remaining in the city, Balletmister A.E. Brant created a dance team.
It is terribly even to imagine and compare terrible blockade days and pre-war dances! But nevertheless the ensemble was born. At first, the guys had to restore from exhaustion, only then they were able to start rehearsals.
However, in March 1942, the first performance of the team took place. Fighters who have time to see a lot could not hold back tears, looking at these courageous children. Remember how many Leningrad blockade lasted? So for this considerable time the ensemble gave about 3,000 concerts. Where we just had to be guys: Often, concerts had to end in bomb shelter, since several times in the evening the speeches were interrupted by air alarms, it happened, the young dancers performed a few kilometers from the advanced, and in order not to attract the enemy with an excess noise, danced without music, and The floors were covered with hay.
The strong spirit, they supported and inspired our soldiers, the contribution of this team to the liberation of the city is difficult to overestimate. Later, the guys were awarded medals "for the defense of Leningrad."
Breaking the blockade of Leningrad
In 1943, a fracture happened in the war, and at the end of the year the Soviet troops were preparing for the liberation of the city.
On January 14, 1944, during the general offensive of the Soviet troops, a final operation for removing the blockade of Leningrad began. The task was to cause a crushing blow to the enemy south of Ladoga Lake and restore the land routes connecting the city with the country. Leningrad and Volkhov Fronts by January 27, 1944, with the help of Kronstadsk artillery, a breakthrough of Leningrad blockade was carried out. Nazis began a retreat. Soon the cities of Pushkin, Gatchina and Chudovo were liberated.
The blockade was completely removed.
Leningrad blockade - The tragic and great page of Russian history, which carried out more than 2 million human lives. While the memory of these terrible days lives in the hearts of people, finds a response in talented artwork, is passed from hand to the hands of descendants - this will not happen again!
The blockade of Leningrad briefly, but he was described by Vera Inberg, her lines - anthem the Great City and at the same time requiem left.
"Glory and you, the Great City,
Flowing together front and rear. In unprecedented difficulties that
Stressed. Fucked. Won"
Stressed. Fucked. Won"
The Great Patriotic War
Kursk battle (with photo)
Stalingrad battle (with photo)
Poems about the Way
The collapse of the USSR (contribution of the CIA)
Summary of other presentations"Leningrad during the war" - even a small piece of bread was trying to leave for a long time. The Hitler's army rushed to Moscow, sweeping everything in his way. All Leningrads rose to the protection of the city. On the defense of the Motherland, the whole country got up from Mala to Velik. Square of victory. Konori people in fraternal graves. Millions of people rushed to the front to fight enemies. 900 days and nights lasted blockades. Distrophy spread in the city, people fell in hungry fainting.
Petersburg - Hero City "- Piskarevsky cemetery. Worked in any way. Leningrad was awarded the title of "Hero City" for courage and heroism. During the blockade, people experienced terrible hunger. Why Leningrad was awarded the title of a hero city. A few months after the start of the blockade, people began to die. Residents of this city should have been obliged to die. Numerous memorable signs. Leningrad as one of the first attack objects.
"The time of the blockade of Leningrad" - meet the trembling spring, the people of the earth. Leningrad blockade. In January 1943, the blockade was broken by Soviet troops. The city lived and fought. Starvation. The dream jester after years and fill life. Piskarevsky cemetery. 2 million 544 thousand people. Alert anxiety. Many children survived. Motherland is proud of. Broken blockages. The most terrible siege of the city in the military history of mankind.
"Tanya Savicheva's Diary" is a record for the letter "M". One Tanya remained. Brother Leonid (Lek). Recording on the letter "F". Grandma Evdokia. Tanya Savicheva's grave. Recording on the letter "B". Notebook. Mum. Well, what about Tanya. Recording on the letter "b". Diary Tanya Savicheva. Constructed monument. Granite monument with bronze bas-relief. Blocade diary Tanya Savicheva. Tanya Savicheva. Recording on the letter "L". Myths about Tana Savicheva. Senior sister Zhenya.
"Leningrad 1941-1944" is a monument to children of Blood Leningrad (Yaroslavl). By November 17, the ice thickness reached 100 mm, which was not enough to open movement. Removal blockade. K.E.Voroschilov. Surroundings of Leningrad. In Yaroslavl, a monument to the victims of the Blood Leningrad. "The city is a hero." City during the blockade. Monuments. It was Kosygin who organized a movement on the "road of life" and settled the differences of civil and military authorities.
"Children in the blockade of Leningrad" - all defenders of Leningrad swore not to give up. Goals. Children of a blockade Leningrad. Zhenya's sister died right at the factory. It must be remembered about those children who have come down their own hands. The twelve-year-old Leningradka Tanya Savicheva began to lead her diary. Today on the road of life there is a monument "Flower of Life". People of Leningrad. Dedicated to young defenders of the city on the Neva. Even in those terrible military days, the children went to school and studied.
Today is the anniversary of the full removal of the blockade of Leningrad.
This, like on May 9, is a holiday with tears in the eyes. It is impossible to do without tears - a lot, a lot of lives carried a blockade, losses for many of us irreparable.
Testing of courage and perseverance of ordinary citizens, incredible living conditions and work in a deposited city - that's what it was. And the city survived.
About Blocade
Again war
Again blockade ...
Or maybe we forget about them?
I hear sometimes:
"Do not,
No need to be wounded. "
After all, it is true that we are tired
We are from the stories about the war
And blockade scrapping
Poems quite quite.
And it may seem:
And convincing words.
But even if it is true
Such truth -
Wrong!
So that again
On the earthly planet
Never happened that winter
We need,
So that our children
I remembered it
I'm not in vain worried
So that the war was forgotten:
After all, this memory is our conscience.
As power, we need.
Yuri Voronov
Recall the same as it was, and let's see the photo of those years.
Leningrad blockade - Military blockade by German, Finnish and Spanish troops (Blue Division). Lasted from September 8, 1941 to January 27, 1944, 872 days. (The blockade ring was broken on January 18, 1943)
The seizure of Leningrad was an integral part of the war-developed war against Germany the USSR - plan " Barbarossa » . According to the plan, the Soviet Union was to be completely defeated during 3-4 months of summer and autumn 1941. , during the lightning war (" blitzkrieg. "). By November 1941, German troops had to seize the entire European part of the USSR. According to plan " OIST "(" Vostok ") was assumed for several years to destroy a significant part of the population of the Soviet Union.
Chronicle of Blockada
At the end of August 1941 years German parts broke through Luzhsky defensive frontier and rushed to Leningrad with yuga.
By early September, Finns Rostered old Soviet-Finnish border (until 1939) on the Karelian Isthmus to a depth of 20 km from the north.
September 4, 1941. G. City is subjected first artillery shelling from the occupied city Tosno.
6 September 1941 Hitler with his order (Weisung number 35) stops the offensive groups of troops "North" to Leningrad and gives the order from Field Marshal Leb Return a significant number of troops for the offensive in Moscow.
It remains only the only railway communication with the lake Ladoga coast from Finland Station - The road of life.
In the future, the Germans continued county of the city of the ring of blockade, removed from the city center of no more than 15 km, and switched to a long blockade. In the situation created by Hitler, its decision by the population of the city for hungry death.
On the same day, German troops unexpectedly found themselves in the suburbs of the city. German motorcyclists even stopped the tram on the southern outskirts of the city (route number 28 Strengthened ul. - Strelna).
But the city was ready for defense. All summer day and night about half a million people, mostly women and children, created in the city of referee. One of them, the most fortified, called "Stalin Lini" was held Outwargo Channel . Many houses on defense borders were turned into long-term resistance reference points.
September 13 in the city profits Zhukov who started commanding the front.
According to G. K. Zhukov , "The situation underlying under Leningrad, Stalin at that time assessed as a catastrophic.
1944. Removing the blockade
Operation "January Thunder"
January 14. The Krasnoselsko-Ropshinsky operation of the troops of the Leningrad Front, as a result of which January 27. 1944. the blockade was completely removed!
As a result of the powerful offensive of the troops of the Leningrad Front, German troops were discarded from Leningrad to a distance of 60-100 km and, 872 days after the startThe blockade is over.
On this day, Moscow gave way to Leningrad to produce salute to commemorate the final removal of the blockade. 
Interesting fact: order The victorious troops signed, contrary to the established order, not Stalin, but on his instructions - govorov, Commander of the Leningrad Front. Such privileges did not receive any of the front commander during the Great Patriotic War.
………..
Blockade results
Losses of the population
During the years the blockade died, according to various sources, from 600 thousand to 1.5 million people. So, on Nuremberg process The number of 632 thousand people appeared. Only 3% of them died from bombing and art robes; The remaining 97% died of hunger.
Most of the dead in the blockade of Leningrad residents are buried on Piskarevsky Memorial Cemetery.
On the stones lines survived the writer's blockade Olga Berggolts.. In a long row, the graves lie victims of the blockade, the number of which only on this cemetery is 640,000 people who died from hunger and more than 17,000 people who were victims of air raids and artillery shelling. 
The total number of civilian casualties in the city for all the time of war exceeds 1.2 million people. Also, the bodies of many dead Leningradians were cremated in the furnaces of a brick factory, which was located on the territory of the current Moscow Park Victory . A chapel was built on the territory of the park and a monument "Trolley" was built - one of the most terrible monuments of St. Petersburg. On such trolleys were taken to nearby careers after burning in the furnaces of the plant dust.
May 8 B. Tsarist village In which the Germans were arranged with Lazaret. Famous the Amber Room donated Peter I. king Prussia was fully exported by the Germans.
……………….
But Leningrad and Leningrad residents survived and won !! 
In blockade days we never learned:
Meanwhile and childhood where is the trait? ..
For us in forty-third issued medals
And only in forty-fifth - passports.
Double Life We now live:
in the ring and fitness, in hunger, in sadness,
we breathe tomorrow
Happy, generous day, -
We won this day.
And whether the night will be, morning or evening,
But on this day we will stand and go
Warper Army meet
In the liberated city of its own.
We will come out without colors,
in rummed helmets,
in heavy vitro, in the freezers
half masks
As equal, welcoming troops.
And, the wings of the sword-shaped placing,
Above us will be bronze glory
holding wreath in charred hands.
Olga Berggolts.
January - February 1942
………….
The blockade of Leningrad lasted from September 8, 1941 to January 27, 1944 - 872 days. By the beginning of the blockade in the city there were only insufficient food and fuel supplies. The only way to communicate with the blockade Leningrad remained Lake Lake, which is within the reach of artillery precipitating. The bandwidth of this transport artery was inappropriate the needs of the city. The hunger began in the city, aggravated by the problems with heating and transport, led to hundreds of thousands of deaths among the inhabitants. According to various estimates over the years, the blockade died from 300 thousand to 1.5 million people. In the Nuremberg process, the number of 632 thousand people appeared. Only 3% of them died from bombing and art-rods, the remaining 97% died of hunger. Photos of Leningradka S.I. Petrova, survived the blockade. Made in May 1941, in May 1942 and in October 1942, respectively:
"Copper rider" in blockade closure.
The windows were stuck crosswise with paper, so as not to be cracked from explosions
Palace Square
Cabbage harvest at St. Isaac's Cathedral
Shelling. September 1941.
Training classes of "fighters" of the Self-Protection Group of the Leningrad Domotom number 17.
New Year in the surgical department of the city children's hospital named after Dr. Ruhafus
Nevsky Prospect in winter. Building with break in the wall - House Engelgardt, Nevsky Prospekt, D.30. Break - the result of the German bomb.
The battery of anti-aircraft guns in Isaac's Cathedral leads fire, reflecting the night raid from German aviation.
At the places where the inhabitants took water formed a huge ice slide from the splashing water in the frost. These slides were a serious obstacle to people weakened from hunger.
Tokar 3th discharge Vera Tikhova, father and two brothers who went to the front
Trucks export people from Leningrad. "The Road of Life" is the only way to the deposited city for his supply, passed through Lake Ladoga
Nina Mikhailovna Music Music Teacher and her children Misha and Natasha share blockade missions. They told about the special relationship of the blockade to bread and other food after the war. They all always eaten to Clea, not leaving any crumbs. The refrigerator crashed to the refusal was also the norm for them.
Bread card blockade. In the worst winter period of 1941-42 (the temperature fell below 30 degrees) was issued 250 g of bread per day to a physical labor worker and 150 g to all the others.
The starving Leningraders are trying to get meat, separating the corpse of the deceased horse. One of the worst blockage pages is cannibalism. Over 2 thousand people were convicted of murders in the blockade Leningrad, more than 2 thousand people were convicted. In most cases, the cannibals waited for execution.
Barrifying balls. Balloons on cables that interfered the enemy aircraft to fly low. Filled balls with gas from Gazagolders
Transportation of Gazgolder at the corner of the Ligovsky Avenue and the driveways of 1943
Residents of the Blocade Leningrad are gaining water that appeared after the art printing in the platforms in the asphalt on Nevsky Prospect
In bomb shelter during the airline
Schoolgirls Valya Ivanova and Valya Ignatovich, who have extinguished two incendiary bombs, fallen on the attic of their home.
The victim of the German acting on Nevsky Prospect.
Firefighters are wash off from asphalt on Nevsky Prospect the blood of the Leningradians killed as a result of the German acting.
Tanya Savicheva is a Leningrad schoolgirl, who since the beginning of the blockade of Leningrad began to keep a diary in a notebook. In this diary, we have become one of the symbols of the Leningrad blockade, only 9 pages, and on six of them the dates of the death of loved ones. 1) December 28, 1941. Zhenya died at 12 am. 2) Grandma died 25. January 1942, at 3 o'clock in the afternoon. 3) Leko died on March 17 at 5 am. 4) Uncle Vasya died on April 13 at 2 am. 5) Uncle Lesha on May 10 at 4 o'clock. 6) Mom - May 13 at 730 am. 7) Savicheva died. 8) Everything died. 9) One Tanya remained. In early March 1944, Tanya sent to the Pontoevsky house of persons with disabilities in the village of Dunetaevka, 25 kilometers from the Red Bora, where she died on July 1, 1944 at the age of 14 and a century of the intestinal tuberculosis, blinding shortly before death.
On August 9, 1942, the 7th Symphony of Shostakovich - "Leningradskaya" was performed in Blocade Leningrad. The Philharmonic Hall was full. The audience was the most diverse. Sailors arrived at the concert, armed infantry, dressed in fuzzy fighters of air defense missions, who had evolved philharmonic regulars. The performance of symphonies lasted 80 minutes. All this time, the enemy's gun was solely: artilleryrs who defended the city were ordered - by all means to suppress the fire of German guns. The new work of Shostakovich shocked the listeners: many of them wept, without hiding tears. During the performance of symphony, the radio was broadcast, as well as on the loudspeakers of the urban network.
Dmitry Shostakovich in a fire suit. During the blockade in Leningrad, Shostakovich, together with students, traveled out of the city on the ruin of the trenches, was on duty on the roof of the conservatory during the bombing, and when the rumble of bombs, rearranged again to the composition of Symphony. Subsequently, having learned about the dutymen of Shostakovich, Boris Filippov, who headed the house of art workers in Moscow, made a doubt, whether the composer had to risk so much - "After all, it could deprive us the seventh symphony," and heard in response: "Or maybe otherwise There would be no this symphony. All this was necessary to feel and survive. "
Residents of a blockade Leningrad at the cleaning of streets from snow.
Anti-aircraft users with a "listening" sky.
On the last path. Nevsky Prospect. Spring 1942.
After the art print.
On the construction of anti-tank RVA
In Nevsky Avenue at the cinema "Artistic". The cinema under the same name exists until now on Nevsky Prospect, 67.
Today in St. Petersburg a special day. It is on this day that in 1941, the Nazis closed around Leningrad a blockade ring, in which the city has lived terrible 872 days. It was on this day that the fascists first conducted a massive bombing of the Northern Capital, an enemy ring was closed around the city and a countdown of terrible days and nights of Leningrad defense, shook the whole world of his tragedy and heroism. The city was often subjected to bombing, and hunger became a permanent companion of every Leningrad.
The only way to report with the blockade Leningrad remained Lake Lake, which is within the reach of artillery precipitating. The bandwidth of this transport artery was inappropriate the needs of the city. The famous hunger, aggravated by the problems with heating and transport, led to hundreds of thousands of deaths among residents.
The seizure of Leningrad was an integral part of the War Plan developed by the fascist Germany against the USSR Plan "Barbarossa". It envisaged that the Soviet Union should be completely crushed within 3-4 months of summer and the fall of 1941, that is, during a lightning war (Blitzkrieg). By November 1941, German troops had to seize the entire European part of the USSR.
According to Hitler's plan, Leningrad should have been erased from the face of the Earth, and the troops defeated him were destroyed. Failure to try to break through the defense of the Soviet troops inside the blockade rings, the Germans decided to take the city of Ismor. From September 13, the art crew of the city began, which continued the whole war.
The beginning of the blockade is considered to be September 8, 1941, when Leningrad's land bond with the whole country was interrupted. However, the inhabitants of the city lost the opportunity to leave Leningrad two weeks earlier: the railway communication was interrupted on August 27, while tens of thousands of people spent the opportunity to break through the East at the station and suburbs. The situation was also complicated by the fact that with the beginning of the war, Leningrad was flooded at least 300,000 refugees from the Baltic republics and neighboring Russian regions with him.
There were more than 2.5 million inhabitants in the blocked city, including 400 thousand children. Food and fuel reserves were very small. The catastrophic food position of the city became clear on September 12, when the inspections and accounting of all edible reserves were completed. The famous hunger, aggravated by bombing, problems with heating and paralysis of transport, led to hundreds of thousands of deaths among the inhabitants.
But Leningraders continued to work - administrative and children's institutions, printing houses, clinics, theaters continued to work. Teens worked at the factories, replacing fathers who went to the front.
The only way to report with the blockade Leningrad remained Lake Lake. On November 22, the movement of cars on an ice road, which was called the Road of Life. The Germans bombed and fired on the road, but they could not stop movement. In the winter they evacuated the population and delivered food. A total evacuated about a million people.
Some of the exhausted people exported from the city did not succeed. Several thousand people died from the consequences of hunger after they were crushed into a big land. Doctors did not immediately have learned how to care for starving people. There were cases when they died, having received a large amount of high-quality food, which for a depleted organism was essentially poison. At the same time, all the researchers are unanimously noted, the victims could be much more, if the local authorities of the areas where they were evacuated, did not make extraordinary efforts to provide Leningrads with food and qualified medical care.
In December 1941, the situation deteriorated sharply. Mortality from hunger has become a mass. It became the usual sustainable death of passersby on the streets - people went somewhere in their affairs, fell and instantly died. Special funeral services were chosen on the streets about hundreds of corpses. Another important increase in mortality growth factor was cold. January and beginning of February 1942 became the most terrible, critical blocks of blockade.
In January 1942, the Red Army undertook the first attempt to break the blockade. The troops of two fronts - Leningrad and Volkhovsky - in the area of \u200b\u200bLadoga, the lake divided only 12 km. However, the Germans managed to create an impassable defense on this site, and the forces of the Red Army were still very limited. Soviet troops suffered huge losses, but they did not manage to move forward. The soldiers who broke through the blockade ring from Leningrad were very exhausted.
Only on January 18, 1943, the environment was broken, and the enemy was discarded from the city. January 27, 1944 - the day of complete removal of the blockade of Leningrad, which became the bloody in the history of mankind.
According to various sources, over the years in the city died from 400 thousand to 1.5 million people.
The order of the Supreme Commander of May 1, 1945, Leningrad received the title of a hero city for heroism and courage shown by residents during the blockade. On May 8, 1965, the Decree of the Presidium of the Supreme Soviet of the USSR, the Hero-Hero Leningrad was awarded the Order of Lenin and the "Golden Star" medal.
Unfortunately, the names of all the dead is impossible to find, but it is necessary to remember this terrible date, these terrible events that caused the death of thousands of people.
September 8 is considered to be a sacred date for Petersburgers. Despite the fact that there was already quite a long time, the memory of their feat will be eternal.