Research work interesting about economics.

Enter your search phrase

10 RESEARCH TOPICS IN ECONOMICS

-11 grade

(topics are approximate and can be clarified at the request of students).

Polyakova O.B., economics teacher – research director	Current problems of personal financial security.
Consider one or more aspects: financial literacy of the depositor, borrower (pay attention to the absence of a bankruptcy law for individuals in the Russian Federation, compare with foreign experience), financial literacy of the policyholder investor, personal financial strategy..	Current problems of consumer protection Develop a model for comparative analysis of the quality of any services (for example, foreign language courses) or goods.
Or: study the legislation on consumer protection and the practice of its application in the Russian Federation and abroad.	Family budget and economic problems of rational use of resources.
Consider the problem of energy saving for the consumer (for example, the use of energy-saving lamps in everyday life, alternative energy sources for a country house, water meters, etc.) - carry out calculations and draw a conclusion.	Personal financial strategy: economic and psychological aspects of its development.
Consider and formulate the necessary financial instruments (deposits, loans, investments) and personality traits for the formation and execution of a personal financial strategy aimed at achieving financial well-being.
Current problems of foreign economic relations between Russia and any country or group of countries. Environmental problems as a basis for making economic decisions at the regional level and on a global scale (consider the greenhouse effect, disposal of nuclear waste, reduction of the ozone layer, etc. and their economic content at the level of UN decision-making, and Russia’s participation in international	programs).
Pay attention to the participation of the Russian Federation in the signing of the Kyoto Protocol or the disposal of nuclear waste, disposal of chemical and medical waste.	Current problems of economic security of the Russian Federation
Consider one: environmental, information, food, financial, protectionism, etc.	Consider any aspect, for example the law on endowment funds, etc.
Environmental legislation as a factor in increasing competitiveness and expanding positions in global commodity markets	Compare the use of ecology. legislation for these purposes in other countries (Singapore, Hong Kong, New Zealand, Portugal, Sweden, Finland, etc.). and Russia.
The role of public administration organization in the successful socio-economic development of society.	Compare the structure of the state. management of industrialized countries and Russia: number of ministries and departments, their functions, number of state corporations, their independence in decision-making, efficiency, level of bureaucratization, corruption, etc.
The share of small businesses in Russia's GDP and the creation of conditions for growth.
Problems of formation of the domestic insurance market.	Eg.compare the development of industries: honey. fear., auto insurance., fear. property, etc. or compare one industry in Russia and abroad.
Increasing investment in agriculture is one of the main conditions for increasing the competitiveness of the Russian economy.	The role of the priority national project “development of the agro-industrial complex.” Pay attention to the share of environmentally friendly food and feed, to the problems of competition in the food market, which will worsen with Russia’s accession to the WTO.
Analysis of the world practice of forming a surplus budget, creating and using a stabilization fund.	Analyze three approaches to budget formation and study the practice of creating and using a stabilization fund in different countries.
Problems, prospects for the development and competitiveness of any sector of the Russian economy.	Eg.
basic - energy, industry, agriculture, scientific and technical potential.	Russian state policy in the field of international trade in relation to the countries of the former USSR and other countries.
comparative analysis of tariff and non-tariff restrictions, protectionism, conclusions.
Small enterprise business project.	Credit policy of Russian commercial banks in modern conditions.
analyze the markets for consumer loans, mortgage, educational or lending to small and medium-sized businesses, identify criteria for comparison, formulate recommendations for choosing a bank based on these criteria.	Russia's competitiveness in the world market. Can Russia become a brand?
Consider the factors of competitiveness of a product or company, industry, country.	analyze the biographies of successful entrepreneurs in Russia and foreign countries, identify personality traits, conduct research among your classmates, and make a forecast.
Marketing of regions.	Develop a marketing program for a particular region in order to accelerate economics.
development, attracting investments.	Free enterprise zones and their importance for overcoming the backlog of regions.
Using the example of several free economic zones in Russia and other countries.	Economic problems of my city and ways to solve them.

For Moscow, the most pressing problems are: the capacity of the city’s main transport routes, waste removal, ecology, reduction of green areas, migration, etc.

1. “My family’s budget: budget structure, income, expenses, dynamics”

2. “Calculation of the family’s consumer basket and its comparison with the minimum consumer basket”

3. “Opportunity Cost: Comparing Savings and Buying on Credit”

4. “Opportunity cost: solving the problem of replacing incandescent lamps with fluorescent lamps within a school”

5. “Opportunity cost: use of bank deposits and risk”

6. “Opportunity cost: stocks, bank deposits, bonds”

7. Financial mathematics: credit

8. Financial mathematics: savings deposits

9. Financial mathematics: interest

10. Financial mathematics: discounts

11. Financial mathematics: bonds

12. Financial mathematics: stocks

13. Use of derivatives in economics: study of demand functions

14. Using derivatives in economics: business economics

15. Application of functions in economics: models of supply and demand

16. Application of functions in economics: price elasticity of demand

17. Application of functions in economics: economics of the company

18. Application of functions in economics: budget line (line of budget restrictions)

19. Application of graphs in economics: firm costs, revenue and profit

20. Application of graphs in economics: structure and dynamics of the Russian budget

21. Assessing the profitability of purchasing goods on credit

22. Structure and dynamics of GDP of the Russian Federation

1. Comments:“My family’s budget: budget structure, income, expenses, dynamics”

2. (describe the family budget, draw up a table, calculate the budget structure and build diagrams, build graphs of the dynamics of income and expenses)(describe the consumer basket, draw up a table of the consumer basket using the example of a family, compare logically and graphically the basket of a particular family with the minimum consumer basket)

3. "Opportunity Cost: Comparing Savings and Buying on Credit"

4. “Opportunity cost: solving the problem of replacing incandescent lamps with fluorescent lamps within a school”(calculate and justify the profitability or unprofitability of replacing incandescent lamps in school premises (enterprises, institutions) with energy-saving ones)

5. "Opportunity Cost: Using Bank Deposits and Risk"(describe and justify possible options for saving and accumulating money and their alternative cost; answer the question of whether it is profitable to keep money in a bank)

6. “Opportunity cost: stocks, bank deposits, bonds”(describe and justify the opportunity cost of using various financial instruments)

7. Financial Mathematics: Credit(application of mathematical calculations in credit relations, complex and simple interest, favorable credit)

8. Financial mathematics: savings deposits(application of mathematical calculations when using bank deposits, time deposits, deposits with the possibility of replenishment)

9. Financial mathematics: percentages(application of interest calculations, bank loan, inflation and real income, risk)

10. Financial mathematics: discounts(use of mathematical calculations when developing a discount system)

11. Financial Mathematics: Bonds(application of mathematical calculations in calculating bond yield)

12. Financial Mathematics: Stocks(use of mathematical calculations when conducting transactions with shares, determining the profitability of a share)

13. Using the Derivative in Economics: Exploring the Demand Function(consider demand functions, describe the use of the derivative function in solving supply and demand problems, the inflection point of the demand function)

14. Using derivatives in economics: economics of the firm(use of the derivative in calculating the economics of a company, costs, revenue, marginal costs, optimal output)

15. Application of functions in economics: supply and demand models

16. Application of functions in economics: price elasticity of demand

17. Application of functions in economics: economics of the company(Cost, revenue and profit functions)

18. Application of functions in economics: budget line (line of budget restrictions)

19. Application of graphs in economics: firm costs, revenue and profit

20. Structure and dynamics of the Russian budget

21. Assessing the profitability of purchasing goods on credit

22. Structure and dynamics of Russian GDP

Organization of production for growing swamp cranberries in the Onega region

Completed by a student of grade 11 “b”

municipal budgetary educational institution

"Secondary school No. 4 in Onega"

Alexandrova Anastasia Pavlovna

Scientific supervisor - teacher

municipal educational institution

"Secondary school No. 4 in Onega"

Nekrasova Svetlana Maryanovna

Table of contents

1. Introduction (statement of the research problem). Page 3

2. Main part. Page 3-11

2.1 Analysis of research conducted on this issue. Page 3-4

2.2 Technology for growing cranberries. Page 4-5

2.3 Characteristics of materials and equipment

for growing cranberries. Page 5

2.4 Project business plan. Page 5-6

2. 5 Calculations for the project. Page 7-11

2.5.1. Calculations for organizing a cranberry growing business

varieties "Stevens" at 10 m2 . Pages 7-9

2.5.2. Cash flow for 2-7 years. project implementation. pp.9-11

3. Conclusion. Page 12

3.1 Conclusions on the project. Page 12

3.2 Prospects of the project. Page 12

4. Bibliography. Page 13

5. Applications. Page 14

5.1 Photo of Stevens cranberries. Page 14

5.2 Photo of the land plot. Page 14

Today, cranberries are popular among many people. Its popularity can be explained by several factors. Firstly, cranberry is a very tasty berry that is used for cosmetic purposes, for example, it can be used to whiten freckles, remove age spots, and remove tan. Secondly, it is useful because it contains a large amount of vitamins (mainly group B); contains potassium, phosphorus, calcium, iron, manganese, copper and other elements, it removes heavy metals from the human body. Thirdly, its bactericidal, antipyretic and thirst-quenching capabilities are used for medicinal purposes.

In ancient timescranberries were used as a means to prevent many diseases.In the 17th century, merchants charged American sailors up to $50 ($750 today) for a barrel of cranberries.

Cranberries can be considered an international berry, but in the 17th and 18th centuries it was considered a native Russian berry, since only Russian merchants brought it to European countries. It is the versatility of cranberries that explains the relevance of growing them at home.

Purpose of the study: growing Stevens cranberries for mechanized harvesting in the Onega region.

Job objectives:

.analysis of the quality of the land plot;

.development of a business plan for the project;

.determination of a pilot land plot for the implementation of the project;

.selection of cranberry seedlings of Russian varieties;

.calculations for the project;

.project implementation

Object of study: cranberry stevens

Subject of study: planting cranberries "Stevens" on an experimental site

Research hypothesis: Growing Stevens cranberries is a profitable operation.

2. Main part.

2.1 Analysis of research conducted on this issue.

In the USA and Europe, there are already entire plantations for the industrial cultivation of this berry. The American people have been growing cranberries in their gardens for 200 years. Americans have bred about 200 varieties of cranberries, the berries reach the size of cherries.The yield of such varieties of large-fruited cranberries is approximately 11 tons per hectare.

In the United States, about 11,000 hectares of plantation area are distributed under cranberries. The Americans managed to develop mechanized technology for growing cranberries. In Russia, the first plantations appeared in Kostroma and Karelia; there is no such information about the intermediate results of the project.

In the Arkhangelsk region (as of 2014), there is no enterprise engaged in growing cranberries. The main reason is the lack of an investor (an expensive project), as well as the reluctance of businessmen to work with “seasonal products”. In the future, it is planned to implement a project to create a cranberry enterprise (Kholmogory district), but at present there is no detailed information about the status of the project.

2.2 Technology for growing cranberries.

1. To grow Stevens cranberries, you will need a well-lit plot of land.Cranberries are planted in the spring at the end of April - beginning of May, and also in the fall - in October.

2. First, a trench 30 cm deep and 1 m wide is dug, its walls are reinforced with slate or boards.

3. Cranberry is a moisture-loving berry, but high humidity negatively affects its development and growth. It is recommended to plant cranberries in those areas of the soil where the groundwater level is at a height of 30-35 cm. If the groundwater level is lower, additional watering will be required to obtain a full cranberry harvest.

4. Previously, the area of soil where cranberries are planned to be planted is cleared of weeds, loosened, moistened, and a small amount of river sand is added to the soil.The site should be sunny, trees and shrubs can grow along the edges to protect the plantation from the wind.

5. Before planting, cranberry shoots are stored in wet sphagnum moss or water for 10-15 days. They are cut on the day of planting or the day before.Before planting cranberries, double superphosphate is added to the soil (at the rate of 14 g per 1 square meter).

6. Then the Stevens cranberry seedlings are planted. Plant using a pointed peg to such a depth that the seedlings protrude no more than 2-3 cm above the surface.

7. Cranberry seedlings are placed in a bed according to a pattern of 25 x 25 cm or less often, the shoots are spread over the plot (those that are too long are sprinkled with earth in 1-2 places), and then watered.

8. It is necessary to moisten the soil daily after planting for 1 week.For the winter, in the first year of planting, the plantation must be covered with spruce branches or mulched with sand; fruiting cranberries do not need to be covered.

2.3 Characteristics of materials and equipment necessary for growing cranberries.

In order to ease physical effort and also save time when harvesting cranberries, you can use a berry harvester. When expanding production, you can purchase specialized agricultural equipment.

2.4 Business plan of work.

Description of the market.

There are almost no analogues of this project in the domestic market of the Russian Federation (NWFD), so competition will be minimal.

To start production, no expensive equipment is required, there is no need to hire workers, which minimizes the costs of project implementation.

The demand for cranberries is consistently high; food industry enterprises purchase them in large quantities for the production of ice cream, yoghurt, and in confectionery shops for baking pastries and pies. In addition, the sale of cranberries can be organized through retail outlets in regional markets.

The main obstacles (constraining factors for production development and features in the implementation of the project).

The main obstacle to our project is the lack of investment, the need for a one-time investment of funds, and the duration of the project. The risk of the project is the deterioration of weather conditions (the project assumes the receipt of seasonal profits), as well as economic instability.

In addition, you need to take into account the fact that the project will not pay off immediately, so many entrepreneurs do not consider it as a source of profitable investment.

Analysis of the cost range of Stevens cranberries on the domestic market of the Russian Federation.

Name of the region of the Russian Federation	Price per 1 kg, rub.	Price for 1 t, rub.
Tyumen region, Russia	220	200000
Komi Republic, Russia	190	180000
Arkhangelsk region, Russia	170	155000
Vologda region, Russia	230	210000
average cost	202,5	186250

Schedule for organizing the cultivation of Stevens cranberries in the Onega region. 2015

Pre-project preparation

Paperwork

Ordering seedlings

2016 -2020

1	2	3	4	5	6	7	8	9	10
Preparation of land, planting seedlings, harvesting

2. 5 Calculations for the project.

2.5.1. Calculations for organizing a business for growing cranberries on 10 m 2

To implement the project, we chose Stevens cranberries. It is frost-resistant, suitable for the harsh climatic conditions of our region, and ripens in September. Stevens cranberries are characterized by large berries, weighing up to 3 grams. Productivity per1m2 is - 1.5 kg.Cranberries begin to bear fruit 3-4 years after planting.Caring for seedlings consists of weeding, fertilizing, additional mulching with sand, and watering.

In the first three years, when there is an intensive increase in the vegetative mass of plants, nitrogen fertilizers are used to a greater extent. At the next stage (after 3-4 years), when the plant begins to fully bear fruit, the amount of nitrogen is reduced and phosphorus and potassium fertilizers are used to a greater extent. Cranberry is a long-lasting plant. With proper agricultural technology, it can bear fruit for more than 50 years.

Table 1. Cost of cranberry seedlings of the “Stevens” variety

Cranberry variety	Name of supplier company	Cost of 1 seedling, rub.
Stevens	"Let's plant a garden"	110,00
	"Plodovka"	120,00
	“Dream Garden (no prepayment)”	110,00
	"Dream Garden (with prepayment)"	110,00
	"zilli-on"	120,00
Average price, rub.		114,00

The experimental area is 10 m2 .

Table 2. Cost of seedlings for planting on an experimental plot of 1 m2.

Number of seedlings, pieces		Total cost, rub.
	114	4560

Table 3. Cost of seedlings for planting on experimental plot 10 m 2 .

Number of seedlings, pieces	Average cost of 1 seedling, rub.	Total cost, rub.
400	114,00	45600,00

Calculation of the cost of fertilizers required for growing Stevens cranberries.

To increase productivity, it is necessary to add fertilizers to the soil: superphosphate, ammonium sulfate, potassium sulfate at a rate of 1:2:1 (approximately 5-6 g per 1 m2 ).

Table 4. Cost of fertilizers for plot size 1 m 2 .

Name of fertilizer	Quantity, kg	Price, kg	Cost, rub.
Ammonium sulfate( (NH4 ) 2 SO4 )	0,005		0,10
Superphosphate ( Ca(H2 P.O.4 ) 2 *H2 O)	0,010		0,35
Potassium sulfate (K2 SO4 )	0,005		0,45
total cost			0,90

Table 5. Cost of fertilizers for a plot of size 10 m 2 .

Name of fertilizer	Quantity, kg	Price, kg	Cost, rub.
Ammonium sulfate( (NH4 ) 2 SO4 )	0,05		1,0
Superphosphate( Ca(H2 P.O.4 ) 2 *H2 O)	0,10		3,5
Potassium sulfate (K2 SO4 )	0,05		4,5
total cost			9,00

Calculation of the cost of renting a land plot in the Onega region.

Land plot for rent (Amosovskaya, Onezhsky district) - 10 m2 (calculated for 1 month): 0.02 rub. for 1 m2 . The rent is calculated based on the base rental rates adopted by the regional Assembly of Deputies, and the specific coefficients approved by the Government of the region.

The total rental cost will be 2.40 rubles per year (0.20 rubles per month), but it is worth noting that the rent will increase annually due to an increase in the size of the land plot.

Income from growing cranberries on an experimental plot (for 1 season).

Productivity, kg	Cost 1 kg, rub.	Plot area, m2	Cash proceeds, rub.
	202, 50		3037, 50

Cash flow for 1 year.

Net profit for 1 year, rub.	Costs for 1 year, rub.
	Rent + cost of seedlings + cost of fertilizers 2,40+40000+9= 40011,40

Losses:40011,40 rubles

Considering the propagation of cranberries, in the second year you can earn income from the sale of seedlings.

Number of grown seedlings, pieces	Average cost of 1 seedling, rub.	Total cost, rub.
400	100	40000

In addition to sales, you can expand production by planting an additional 10m2 new cranberry seedlings (grown on the site).

2.5.2. Cash flow for 2-7 years. project implementation.

1 case. (Sale of seedlings)

2nd year of project implementation - 10m 2

Net profit for year 2, rub.

Costs for 2 year, rub.

40000,00

Losses from the 1st year + rent + cost of fertilizers

40011,40 +2,40+9,00= 40022,8

Losses:22.80 rubles

3rd year of project implementation - 10m 2

Net profit, rub.

(when selling seedlings and berries)

Costs for 3 year, rub.

40000,00

Losses from the 2nd year + rent + cost of fertilizers

22,80+2,40+9,00= 11747

Profit:39965.8 rubles

4th year of project implementation - 10m 2

Net profit, rub.

(when selling berries)

Costs for 4 years, rub.

3037,50

Rent + fertilizers

2,40+9,00= 11,40

Profit:3026.1 rubles

5th year of project implementation - 20 m 2

Net profit, rub.

(when selling berries)

Costs for 5 years, rub.

3037,50

Rent + fertilizers

4,80+18,00= 22,80

Profit:3014.70 rubles

6th year of project implementation - 40m 2

Net profit, rub.

(when selling berries)

Costs for the 6th year, rub.

3037,50

Rent + fertilizers

9,60+36,00= 45,60

Profit:2991.9 rubles

7th year of project implementation - 80m 2

Net profit, rub.

(when selling berries)

Costs for the 7th year, rub.

6075,00

Rent + fertilizers

19,20+72,00= 91,20

Profit:5983.8 rubles

Case 2 (selling cranberries)

The annual increase in the number of cranberry seedlings and the plot is 2 times compared to the beginning of the project.

Net profit, rub.

(when selling berries)

Costs for 3 year, rub. 0

Losses from the 2nd year + rent + fertilizers

40034,20+9,60+36,00= 40079,80

Losses: 40079,80 rubles

4th year of project implementation - 80m 2

Net profit, rub.

(when selling berries)

Costs for 4 years, rub.

3037,5

Losses from the 3rd year + rent + fertilizers

40079,80+19,20+72,00= 40171,00

Losses:37133.50 rubles

5th year of project implementation - 160m 2

Net profit, rub.

(when selling berries)

Costs for 5 years, rub.

6075,00

Losses from the 4th year + rent + fertilizers

37133,50 +38,40 +144,00= 37315,9

Losses:31240.90 rubles

6th year of project implementation - 320m 2

Net profit, rub.

(when selling berries)

Costs for the 6th year, rub.

12150,00

Losses from the 5th year + rent + fertilizers

31240,9 +76,8+288,00= 31605,90

Losses:19455.70 rubles

7th year of project implementation - 640m 2

Net profit, rub.

(when selling berries)

Costs for the 7th year, rub.

24300,00

Losses from the 6th year + rent + fertilizers

19455,70+153,60+576,00=20185,30

Profit:4114.70 rubles

8th year of project implementation - 1280m 2

Net profit, rub.

(when selling berries)

Costs for the 8th year, rub.

48600,00

Rent + fertilizers

307,20+1152,00= 1459,20

Profit:47140.80 rubles

1 case.

Project payback: 3 years (subject to sale of seedlings and berries).

Case 2.

Project payback: 7 years (subject to sale of berries).

3. Conclusion.

3.1 Conclusions on the project.

1. The average payback of the project will significantly reduce financial risks (lowering product costs or decreasing demand).

2. Commissioning of this project will become a source of replenishment of local and federal budgets.

3.2 Prospects of the project.

1. Due to the lack of competition, problems with the sale of products should not arise, therefore, in addition to selling cranberries and seedlings on the domestic market, you can consider entering the enterprise into the international market.

2. Establishing the production of cranberries in sugar in individual packages with advertising information (at the request of the customer).

3. When reaching an industrial scale - job creation. For 1 hectare of cranberry plantation, 140 thousand cuttings will be required, the yield will be more than 10 tons. Approximately 1.8 million rubles will be required for soil cultivation, design, planting material, payment of workers, and equipment. When selling berries at a minimum price of 40 rubles per 1 kg, the income will be (in 3-4 years) more than 350 thousand rubles.

4. Bibliography.

1. I. E. Akopov. The most important medicinal plants: Tashkent, 1997. - 203 p.

2. N.I. Alekseychik, V.A. Sanko. Nature's generous gifts. - Minsk, 1992. - 189 p.

3. E.L. IsaevaCranberries and blueberries. Berries that defeat bacteria. - Ripol Classic, 2010 . - 68s.

4. D.P. Zuev Gifts of the Russian forest. - Timber industry, 1974.-174p.

Performed:

Savchenko Alina

Student of class 10 "A"

GOU Lyceum No. 000

Supervisor:

Dean of the Faculty of Educational Education of the National Research University Higher School of Economics (St. Petersburg)

Petrodvorets 2011

Introduction

Chapter 1 “The Museum in the Modern World”

§1Museum world

§2Museum for people

§3New roles

§4Marketing issues

§5 Specifics of product promotion

Chapter 2 “Museum Budget”

§1. Museum funding

1.1Government funding

1.2 Off-budget

§2 Distribution of income

§3 Price policy

§4 Problems of museum functioning

Conclusion and conclusions

Applications

Introduction

There is no doubt that the role of museums in the life of society is great. These cultural organizations do more than just collect objects. The museum represents values that are disappearing in society and can draw attention to those permanent universal values that are threatened by modern progress. He distinguishes these values from others, emphasizing their importance as a heritage for maintaining the continuity and continuity of culture. The museum is a source of knowledge and enrichment of the spiritual world of man. From early childhood, the author really enjoyed visiting various museums, and last year he even managed to work as a guide at the Peterhof State Museum. In the course of a close acquaintance with these cultural institutions, some economic questions began to arise related to their activities, which the author intends to answer in his research.

The object of the study will be Russian museums, which have been going through a difficult transition period for the last ten years. The fact is that there was a departure from the state planning system and museums had to take responsibility for their future. This happened at a time when, due to economic difficulties experienced by the population and a decrease in the number of visitors, confidence in the future seemed lost. Recently, our country has been living in a market economy. The processes of transition to the market in Russia have already affected the sphere of culture. After all, even works of art, which are the basis of many museum collections, are increasingly viewed not only as spiritual, but also as commercial values. More and more attention is being paid to the development of the cultural sphere, in turn, this development is closely intertwined with many processes and phenomena of the economy, so this study is relevant.

The purpose of the work, in the conditions of the Russian Federation, is to determine the main parts of the budget of museums and identify the “points of contact” of the processes of museum activity with elements of economic analysis.

Main goals:

1. Assess the role of the museum in human life

2. Analyze the financing mechanism for these institutions, as well as various options for distributing the funds received.

3. Identify the specifics of the economic activities of museums.

5. Determine what is the product of the museum’s activities

6. Identify the main problems of museums of an economic nature

Chapter 1 Museum in the modern world

Time does not stand still, eras replace each other, society develops: morals and preferences of people change, which requires museums to make corresponding changes and certain adaptations. A museum is like a living, dynamically developing organism, transforming and improving for a comfortable existence in the modern world, while Russian museums feel the wind of change to a greater extent. (An excursion into the history of Russian museums in Appendix No. 1)

§1 Museum world

The museum world of our country is, first of all, about 2.5 thousand museums of the system of the Ministry of Culture of the Russian Federation, which contain more than 80 million items of storage, and about 70 million people visit them annually. The most complete list of museums in the USSR was published in 1990 (Museums of the USSR. Directory. Compiled by I.M., 1990). In 2001, the Russian Museum Encyclopedia was published, which reflects the current situation. Below is a list of the main types of museums and a diagram compiled by the author based on it. According to the data presented in the diagram, one can judge the diversity of museums and their quantitative ratio relative to the given typology.

List of main types of museums:

· Artistic Historical

· Architectural Memorial

· Local history Literary

· Natural sciences

· Science and technology

§2Museum for people

Currently, interest in museums does not fade; these guardians of the spiritual and material wealth of the people are as popular as ever. According to statistics: in 2008, 1854 museums were visited by 77 million people - 54% of the country's population. But why do people visit museums, what benefits do these institutions bring to society? Before answering these questions, a few concepts should be introduced:

First of all, you need to know that a need is a lack of something to maintain the life and development of a person and society; to satisfy needs, a person uses benefits, while services are benefits provided in the form of activity.

According to the level classification of needs created by the famous American psychologist A. Maslow, the services provided by the museum, first of all, lead to the satisfaction of a person’s spiritual needs (needs for knowledge, self-expression..), although in some cases there may also be satisfaction of social ones (needs in communication, in social connections..) and even prestigious needs (the need for recognition, achieving success..) (Appendix) levels of needs according to Maslow)

Thus, when visiting a museum, a process of spiritual consumption occurs. Spiritual consumption - this is a special type of activity where the means of achieving the goal are, on the one hand, material capabilities, and on the other, relevant knowledge and skills (to get into the museum, you need to be able to get a pass or ticket.)

Features of spiritual consumption are as follows:

· can be used repeatedly;

· spiritual values do not disappear in the process of consumption, but enrich the spiritual world of a person;

· the process of spiritual consumption is also a process of spiritual production.

The product of cultural institutions is the various services they provide in accordance with their mission. For a museum, the main services are exhibition activities, i.e. presentation and interpretation of collections, as well as educational work, namely: excursions, lectures, children's and youth studios, seminars, conferences, etc. It is interesting that the services of museums, According to experts, they have an important qualitative uniqueness. Unlike, for example, household services, which increase the amount of free time of the population, cultural services contribute to the absorption of this free time, filling it with significant spiritual and aesthetic content.

Classification of services and improvement of their accounting is an important problem in all countries of the world. Among the many principles for classifying services, the classification of F. Lovelock (Appendix 3) is of particular interest. According to this theory, the main thing in the classification is to whom (what) the services are directed and whether they are tangible or not. From this classification it follows that the museum belongs to the 3rd class, which means that the services it provides are intangible actions aimed at human consciousness.

From the point of view of economic theory, most of the services provided by cultural organizations are considered public goods. Unlike private goods, the consumption of such services is accompanied by external effects, that is, the benefit from the use of cultural goods is borne not only by the people participating in this process, but also by other groups of the population or society as a whole. For example, after visiting a museum, a person has information that affects the quality of his work (an art teacher visiting an art museum). Thus, external effects in the cultural sphere can include an increase in the level of education, an increase in the spiritual potential of society, etc.

The basis of society's projects in the future is the individual and a focus on his creative capabilities. However, modern society is already to some extent characterized by the following features:

· maximum use of human potential, its creative and information capabilities;

· priority of non-materialistic values; a shift from the unbridled growth of material and energy consumption to an increase in information consumption.

The cultural potential of Russia and its influence on the development of human potential can be considered as the main factor in the country's development. The cultural potential of Russia is multifaceted - these are, of course, libraries and theaters, numerous museums, historical and cultural monuments, as well as high culture and its bearers, personnel working in the field of culture, etc. The main thing in cultural potential is its content, its spiritual component. Spiritual culture is a very influential force of our time. This is something that every nation should value and protect, something that must be developed for the sake of future generations.

That is why museums are entrusted with a special mission: within their walls, significant work is going on to create the spirit of national culture, form and strengthen its core. The state’s view on the goals of creating a museum is set out in Articles 26, 27 (Appendix No. 4). It can be said that the main function of museums is not the preservation of the past, but active participation in shaping the future of the country, its creative and creative human potential, and establishing development horizons. Therefore, it is important to analyze the current state of our country’s museums, including from an economic point of view.

§3 New roles

The situation in our country is as follows: cultural institutions such as museums have to “survive” in the conditions of the modern economy. There are a number of so-called survival methods and strategies. The new strategies are largely due to the fact that museums are now forced to adopt a market-oriented approach in all areas of their activities. In today's economic scene, the museum can play unexpected roles.

Send your good work in the knowledge base is simple. Use the form below

Students, graduate students, young scientists who use the knowledge base in their studies and work will be very grateful to you.

Research work interesting about economics.

Performed:

Savchenko Alina

Student of class 10 "A"

GOU Lyceum No. 000

Supervisor:

Dean of the Faculty of Educational Education of the National Research University Higher School of Economics (St. Petersburg)

Petrodvorets 2011

Introduction

Chapter 1 “The Museum in the Modern World”

§1Museum world

§2Museum for people

§3New roles

§4Marketing issues

§5 Specifics of product promotion

Chapter 2 “Museum Budget”

§1. Museum funding

1.1Government funding

1.2 Off-budget

§2 Distribution of income

§3 Price policy

§4 Problems of museum functioning

Conclusion and conclusions

Applications

Introduction

Send your good work in the knowledge base is simple. Use the form below

Similar documents