From behind the island to the core the author. “Because of the Island on the Rod” - a song dedicated to an episode from the life of Stenka Razin
“Because of the Island on the Rod” is a Russian song with lyrics by Dmitry Sadovnikov, considered folk.
The song is dedicated to the personality of Ataman Stepan Razin and plays on a plot from the history of the uprising that he led.
In 1669, in a naval battle off Pig Island, the free Cossacks of Stepan Razin defeated the Persian fleet. According to legend, in this battle, the daughter of the Persian commander-in-chief Mamed Khan, the “Persian princess,” was captured by the Cossacks.
In 1824, excerpts from Strace's notes were published in the Northern Archive magazine. A. S. Pushkin might have been familiar with this publication, who in 1826 wrote a poem on this subject - “Songs about Stenka Razin.” Initially, the poem was banned from publication by censorship, but much later it was published. The song about Stepan Razin, composed by Pushkin himself, tells about an episode that was not reflected in folklore, but, judging by the stories of eyewitnesses, took place in reality. It is based on a fact that was described in the memoirs of Jan Jansen Streis, a Dutch artisan and traveler. From 1668 he was in Astrakhan during the Razin riot. He fled to Dagestan and returned to the Netherlands through Persia and Indonesia. In 1824, the journal “Northern Archive” published an article by A. Kornilovich about Streis’s journey, in which the following incident happened with Stepan Razin. “...We saw him (S. Razin) on a boat, painted and partly covered with gold, feasting with some of his subordinates. Next to him was the daughter of a Persian khan, whom he and her brother kidnapped from her parents' house during their raids in the Caucasus. Inflamed by the wine, he sat down on the edge of the boat and, looking thoughtfully at the river, suddenly exclaimed: “Glorious Volga! You brought me gold, silver and various jewelry, you nurtured and nurtured me, you are the beginning of my happiness and glory, and I, ungrateful, have not yet repaid you with anything. Accept now the sacrifice worthy of you! “With these words, he grabbed the unfortunate Persian woman, whose whole crime was that she had submitted to the violent desires of the robber, and threw her into the waves. However, Stenka went into such frenzies only after feasts, when the wine darkened his reason and inflamed his passions. In general, he maintained order in his gang and strictly punished adultery.”
And the people sang a completely different song - “Because of the island to the river”, created on the same plot by D. N. Sadovnikov, a Russian folklorist, ethnographer and poet, author of the poetic cycles “From the Volga legends about Stenka Razin” and “Songs about Stenka Razin." In the interpretation of the ataman’s act, Sadovnikov follows I. Kostomarov, the author of the monograph “The Revolt of Stenka Razin”. The historian is trying to find a reason, and therefore some kind of justification for Razin’s trick; he suspects that “the villainous act with the princess was not just a useless impulse of a drunken head”; and suggests that “Stenka, apparently, has started Zaporozhye custom consider the behavior of a Cossack with a woman as unacceptable. Having been carried away for a time by the beauty of the captive, the ataman, of course, had to arouse disputes and indignation among those to whom he did not allow what he allowed himself, and, perhaps, in order to show others how little he could become attached to a woman, he sacrificed the poor Persian to his influence against the Cossack brethren."
BECAUSE OF THE ISLAND ON THE SHORE
From behind the island to the core,
Into the expanse of the river wave
Painted ones float out,
Sharp-chested shuttles.
In the front is Stenka Razin,
Embracing, he sits with the princess,
Celebrates a new wedding,
He is cheerful and intoxicated.
And she, closing her eyes,
Neither alive nor dead,
Silently listens to the intoxicated
Ataman's words.
A murmur is heard behind them:
- He traded us for a woman,
I just spent the night with her,
In the morning I became a woman myself.
This murmur and ridicule
The formidable ataman hears
And with a mighty hand
He embraced the Persian woman.
Black eyebrows meet -
There's a storm coming
Filled with scarlet blood
Ataman's eyes.
- I won’t regret anything
I'll give the wild man his head,
A commanding voice is heard
Along the surrounding shores.
- Volga-Volga, dear mother,
Volga, Russian river,
Didn't you see the gift?
From the Don Cossack!
So that there is no discord
Between free people
Volga, Volga, dear mother,
Here, accept the beauty!
With a powerful swing he lifts
He is a beautiful princess
And throws her overboard
Into the oncoming wave.
- Why are you, brothers, depressed?
Hey, Filka, damn it, dance!
Let's blast out a song
To remember her soul!
From the songbook of the mid-1990s
A folk song based on Dmitry Sadovnikov's poem "Because of the Island on the Rod" became popular already in the 1890s. Sadovnikov, a folklorist, ethnographer and poet, created two cycles of poems about Stepan Razin - “From the Volga legends about Stenka Razin” and “Songs about Stenka Razin”. Popular folk songs became “Because of the island to the rod” and “By the town’s settlement.” The song was part of the repertoire of Fyodor Chaliapin and Nadezhda Plevitskaya. It formed the basis of the plot of the first Russian feature film"Ponizovaya freemen" (director Vladimir Romashkov, 1908).
A. S. Pushkin’s song about Stenka Razin did not go to the people; the work of D. N. Sadovnikov became a folk song
Dmitry Sadovnikov
From behind the island to the core,
Into the expanse of the river wave
The painted ones run out,
Sharp-chested shuttles.
In the front is Stenka Razin,
Embracing his princess,
Celebrates a new wedding,
And cheerful and intoxicating.
And the princess, bowing her eyes,
Neither alive nor dead,
Timidly listens to drunken
Unreasonable words.
“I won’t regret anything!
I’ll give the bully his head!” -
Is distributed throughout the surrounding area
Coasts and islands.
“Look, brothers, ataman
He traded us for a woman!
I tinkered with her for the night -
The next morning I became a woman..."
Stunned... Ridicule, whispers
The drunken chieftain hears -
Persian woman full of love
He hugged the full figure tighter.
Angrily filled with blood
Ataman's eyes,
Black eyebrows drooped,
A storm is brewing...
“Oh, dear nurse,
Volga mother river!
Have you seen any gifts?
From the Don Cossack!..
So that it's not embarrassing
Before free people
Before the free river, -
Here, nurse... take it!”
With a powerful swing he lifts
The overwhelmed princess
And, without looking, he throws away
Into the oncoming wave...
“Why are you quiet, you daredevils?..
Hey you, Filka, damn it, dance!..
Cue the choir, guys!
For remembering her soul!..”
"Volzhsky Bulletin", 1883, No. 12
DROWNING OF THE PRINCESS
The drowning of the princess allegedly occurred in Astrakhan in the fall of 1669, when Razin returned from a campaign in Persia “for zipuns,” during which the beautiful Persian princess was captured. Less than a year later, Razin would raise an uprising on the Don and in the summer of 1670 he would again find himself in Astrakhan, seizing the city by force.
The episode published by Kornilovich was used by Pushkin in one of his “Songs about Stenka Razin” - “Like along the Volga River, along a wide river...” but it did not receive distribution. The now popular songs about Razin were composed later, by poets of the populist era, in the 1860s-1880s. A major role in this was played by N. I. Kostomarov’s monograph “The Rebellion of Stenka Razin,” written in 1858. It is possible that the publication of Pushkin's Razin songs in 1881 also influenced Sadovnikov.
Song performed by Boris Shtokolov.
Song performed by Fyodor Chaliapin.
Song performed by the Cossack choir "Tver"
BECAUSE OF THE ISLAND ON THE SHORE
From behind the island to the core,
Into the expanse of the river wave
Painted ones float out,
Sharp-chested shuttles.
In the front is Stenka Razin,
Celebrates a new wedding,
He is cheerful and intoxicated.
And she, closing her eyes,
Neither alive nor dead,
Silently listens to the intoxicated
Ataman's words.
A murmur is heard behind them:
- He traded us for a woman,
I just spent the night with her,
In the morning I became a woman myself.
This murmur and ridicule
The formidable ataman hears
And with a mighty hand
He embraced the Persian woman.
Black eyebrows meet -
There's a storm coming
Filled with scarlet blood
Ataman's eyes.
I won't regret anything
I'll give the wild man his head, -
A commanding voice is heard
Along the surrounding shores.
Volga-Volga, dear mother,
Volga, Russian river,
Didn't you see the gift?
From the Don Cossack!
So that there is no discord
Between free people
Volga, Volga, dear mother,
Here, accept the beauty!
With a powerful swing he lifts
He is a beautiful princess
And throws her overboard
Into the oncoming wave.
Why are you, brothers, depressed?
Let's blast out a song
To remember her soul!
From the songbook of the mid-1990s
Chant. Russian folk songs. (Compiled by A.G. Novikov.) Political management of the Red Army. Collection 2. M.; L., 1936, p. 72. Cited from the edition: 100 songs of Russian workers / Comp., intro. article and comment. P. Shiryaeva; General
Folk song based on Dmitry Sadovnikov's poem "Because of the island to the core..." (1883). N. Teleshov recalled that it was introduced into widespread circulation by the Wanderer (Stepan Petrov, b. 1869), who performed the song at the “Moscow Literary Wednesdays” in Teleshov’s house (Teleshov N. Notes of a Writer. M.: Sov. Writer, 1952. P. 41-42). The wanderer moved to Moscow in August or September 1902, i.e. His performance of the song on “Wednesdays” could not have happened earlier. In the autobiographical story of the Wanderer “Through the Line” (1902), the song is sung, accompanied by the harp, by the author’s father in the mid-1870s, when they are sailing along the Volga to the Nizhny Novgorod Fair on a steamboat - but this is an anachronism, since there was no poem yet.
Sadovnikov, a folklorist, ethnographer and poet, created two cycles of poems about Stepan Razin - “From the Volga legends about Stenka Razin” and “Songs about Stenka Razin”. Popular folk songs were “Because of the Island on the Rod” and “Around the City Posad.” The song was part of the repertoire of Fyodor Chaliapin and Nadezhda Plevitskaya. It formed the basis of the plot of the first Russian feature film "Ponizovaya Volnitsa" (directed by Vladimir Romashkov, 1908).
Song
Dmitry Sadovnikov
From behind the island to the core,
Into the expanse of the river wave
The painted ones run out,
Sharp-chested shuttles.
In the front is Stenka Razin,
Embracing his princess,
Celebrates a new wedding,
And cheerful and intoxicating.
And the princess, bowing her eyes,
Neither alive nor dead,
Timidly listens to drunken
Unreasonable words.
“I won’t regret anything!
I’ll give the bully his head!” -
Is distributed throughout the surrounding area
Shores and islands.
“Look, brothers, ataman
He traded us for a woman!
I tinkered with her for the night -
The next morning I became a woman..."
Stunned... Ridicule, whispers
The drunken chieftain hears -
Persian woman full of love
He hugged the full figure tighter.
Angrily filled with blood
Ataman's eyes,
Black eyebrows drooped,
A storm is brewing...
“Oh, dear nurse,
Volga mother river!
Have you seen any gifts?
From the Don Cossack!..
So that it's not embarrassing
Before free people
Before the free river, -
Here, nurse... take it!”
With a powerful swing he lifts
The overwhelmed princess
And, without looking, he throws away
Into the oncoming wave...
“Why are you quiet, you daredevils?..
Hey you, Filka, damn it, dance!..
Cue the choir, guys!
For remembering her soul!..”
"Volzhsky Bulletin", 1883, No. 12
Russian songs and romances / Intro. article and comp. V. Guseva. - M.: Artist. lit., 1989. - (Classics and contemporaries. Poetic book).
Dmitry Nikolaevich Sadovnikov(April 25 (May 7), 1847, Simbirsk - December 19 (31), 1883, St. Petersburg)
DROWNING OF THE PRINCESS
The drowning of the princess allegedly occurred in Astrakhan in the fall of 1669, when Razin returned from a campaign in Persia “for zipuns,” during which the beautiful Persian princess was allegedly captured. Less than a year later, Razin would raise an uprising on the Don and in the summer of 1670 he would again find himself in Astrakhan, seizing the city by force.
The scene was first described by the Dutch artisan and traveler Jan Jansen Struys (or Struys, Struys, 1630-1694) in his book “Three Journeys,” published in 1676 in Amsterdam and subsequently translated into many languages (published in Russian in Moscow in 1935 .). Streis worked as a sailmaker in Russia since 1668 and was in Astrakhan during the Razin riot. In 1824, in the Northern Archive magazine, in an article by A. Kornilovich about Streis’s journey, a fragment of the book was reproduced:
“...We saw him [S. Razin] on a boat, painted and partly gilded, feasting with some of his subordinates. Next to him was the daughter of a Persian khan, whom he and her brother kidnapped from her parents' house during their raids in the Caucasus. Inflamed by the wine, he sat down on the edge of the boat and, looking thoughtfully at the river, suddenly cried out: “Glorious Volga! You brought me gold, silver and various jewelry, you nurtured and nurtured me, you are the beginning of my happiness and glory, and I, ungrateful, have not yet repaid you with anything. Accept now the sacrifice worthy of you!” With these words, he grabbed the unfortunate Persian woman, whose whole crime was that she had submitted to the violent desires of the robber, and threw her into the waves. However, Stenka went into such frenzies only after feasts, when the wine darkened his reason and inflamed his passions. In general, he maintained order in his gang and strictly punished adultery.” (see: Victor and Grigory Smolitsky. The story of one song // “ Folk art
", No. 6, 2003). However, no documents and no Persian sources
The episode published by Kornilovich was used by Pushkin in one of his “Songs about Stenka Razin” - “Like along the Volga River, along a wide ...” (1826, published in 1881); but it did not gain distribution. The now popular songs about Razin were composed later, by poets of the populist era, in the 1860s-1880s. A major role in this was played by N. I. Kostomarov’s monograph “The Revolt of Stenka Razin”, written in 1858 (see, for example, Navrotsky’s song “There is a cliff on the Volga”,<1870>). It is possible that the publication of Pushkin's Razin songs in 1881 also influenced Sadovnikov.
SONG FOR TOURISTS
There is a known tourist version, which appeared in the last decades of the 20th century. Moreover, after each verse, someone asks: “Girls, where are you?” The rest answer in unison: “Tuta, tutta.” First: “Isn’t my Marfuta here?”
All in chorus: “And your Marfuta is parachuting.” And after that, everyone sings in unison:
Nightingale, nightingale, little bird -
The canary sings pitifully.
Nightingale, nightingale, little bird -
One-sings, two-sings, three-sings,
(Option: Dies - doesn’t stop singing)
Next comes the next verse (“Stenka Razin is in the front…”). It is supposed to be sung to the end with cheerful choruses after each quatrain. But in practice, everything ends in the first two or three verses, and it never reaches the poor princess.
(see: Victor and Grigory Smolitsky, ibid.).
ONE OF THE CHEAP PRE-REVOLUTIONARY PUBLICATIONS
Stenka Razin's Love (Princess). Execution of Stenka Razin. Perel. A. Zorina. Pg.: Euterpe, b.g. . (Universal library of sheet music, edited by A.N. Chernyavsky. Nos. 52, 53). [From the collection of notes a-pesni].
From behind the island to the core,
Into the expanse of the river wave
Painted ones float out,
OPTIONS (5)
In the front is Stenka Razin,
1. Because of the island on the rod...
Celebrates a new wedding,
Stenka Razin's boats.
And she, closing her eyes,
The princess sits with the young one, -
Silently listens to the intoxicated
He is cheerful and intoxicated.
Neither alive nor dead
Ataman's words.
A murmur is heard behind them:
“He traded us for a woman!
This murmur and ridicule
The formidable ataman hears
And with a mighty hand
I just spent the night with her,
The next morning I became a woman myself.”
He embraced the Persian woman.
Filled with scarlet blood
Black eyebrows meet -
A thunderstorm is coming.
Ataman's eyes.
A commanding voice is heard
“I won’t regret anything,
I’ll give the bully his head,” -
Along the surrounding shores.
Didn't you see the gift?
“Volga, Volga, dear mother,
So that there is no discord
Between free people
Volga, Volga, dear mother,
Volga is a Russian river,
From the Don Cossack.
Here, take the beauty!”
And throws her overboard
With a powerful swing he lifts
He is a beautiful princess
Into the oncoming wave...
“Why are you devils so depressed?
Hey you, Filka, damn it, dance!
Let's roar, brothers, I'll fly away
In remembrance of her soul..."
Russian songs. Comp. prof. Iv. N. Rozanov. M., Goslitizdat, 1952.
From behind the island to the core,
Into the expanse of the river wave
Painted ones float out,
Sharp-chested shuttles.
In the front is Stenka Razin,
2. Stenka Razin
Celebrates a new wedding,
He is cheerful and intoxicated.
And the princess, bowing her eyes,
The princess sits with the young one, -
(Russian epic recorded by D. Sadovnikov)
Unreasonable words.
“I won’t regret anything!
I’ll give the bully his head!” -
Is distributed throughout the surrounding area
Coasts and islands.
“Look, brothers, ataman
He traded us for a woman!
I tinkered with her for the night -
The next morning I became a woman..."
Stunned... Ridicule, whispers
The drunken chieftain hears -
Persian woman full of love
Embracing his princess,
Angrily filled with blood
Ataman's eyes,
Black eyebrows drooped,
A storm is brewing...
“Oh, dear nurse,
Timidly listens to drunken
He hugged his thin figure tighter.
From the Don Cossack!..
Volga mother river!
Between free people
Volga-Volga, dear mother,
Here, nurse, take it!”
With a powerful swing he lifts
The overwhelmed princess
And, without looking, he throws away
Into the oncoming wave...
“Why are you quiet, you daredevils?..
Hey you, Frolka, damn it, dance!..
Cue the choir, guys!
For remembering her soul!..”
From the repertoire of Nadezhda Plevitskaya (1884-1941). Recordings on the record: "Pathe" company, Moscow, 1908, 26724 (Stenka Razin. Volga song);
"Gramophone" company, Moscow, 1911, 023074 (Stenka Razin and Princess);
firms "Odeon" and "Parlophone", after 1920, RU 608, (Stenka Razin. Volga song).
From behind the island to the core,
Into the expanse of the river wave
Black eyes: An ancient Russian romance. M.: Eksmo, 2004.
OPTIONS (5)
3. From behind the island to the rod
Painted ones float out
Celebrates a new wedding,
Stenka Razin in the front
Neither alive nor dead
The princess sits with the young one,
He's cheerful and intoxicated!
“He traded us for a woman!
This murmur and ridicule
“He traded us for a woman,
I just spent the night with her -
The formidable chieftain hears,
And with a powerful hand he
Between free people
Volga, Volga, dear mother,
He embraced the Persian woman:
"So that there is no discord
Here, take the beauty!”
And throws her overboard
With a powerful swing he lifts
Here, accept the beauty!”
Hey, Filka, damn it, dance!
“Why are you devils so depressed?
Hey you, Filka, damn it, dance!
With one stroke he lifts
“Why are you devils so depressed?
From behind the island to the core,
Masterpieces of Russian romance / Ed.-comp. N.V. Abelmas. M.: AST; Donetsk: Stalker, 2004. (Songs for the soul). 4. From behind the island to the rod On
river space
OPTIONS (5)
waves
Painted ones float out
Celebrates a new wedding,
Stenka Razin's boats.
In the front - Stenka Razin,
Embracing the princess, he sits.
And behind you a murmur is heard:
“He traded us for a woman.
He spent the whole night with her
Between free people
And the next morning I became a woman.”
So that there is no discord
With one stroke he lifts
He has a beautiful wife
And he throws her overboard
Into the oncoming wave.
Let's blast out a song
“Why are you devils so depressed?
Hey you, Filka, damn it, swim!
For the remembrance of her soul."
From behind the island to the core,
Into the expanse of the river wave
river space
Recorded from Tolokonnikov A.V., born in 1886, Kaskelen, in 1977. Local folklorized version of the song by D.N. Sadovnikov. See: Folklore of the Semirechensk Cossacks, part 1., No. 17.
In the front is Stenka Razin,
Bagizbaeva M. M. Folklore of the Semirechensk Cossacks. Part 2. Alma-Ata: Mektep, 1979, No. 260.
Celebrates a new wedding,
Stenka Razin's boats.
Neither alive nor dead
The princess sits with the young one,
Sharp-chested shuttles.
“He traded us for a woman!
This murmur and ridicule
“He traded us for a woman,
I just spent the night with her -
I just spent the night with her,
Embracing, he sits with the princess,
Ataman's eyes,
Just spent the night with her,
Filled with scarlet blood
A thunderstorm is coming.
Black eyebrows meet -
A commanding voice is heard
A thunderstorm is coming.
I'll give the bully his head! -
Along the surrounding shores. -
Didn't you see the gift?
Volga, Volga, dear mother,
So that there is no discord
Between free people
Volga, Volga, dear mother,
He embraced the Persian woman:
With a powerful swing he lifts
He is a beautiful princess
And throws her overboard
With a powerful swing he lifts
Volga, Russian river,
From the Don Cossack!
Let's blast out a song
“Why are you, brothers, depressed?
Hey, Filka, damn it, dance!
To remember her soul!