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Konstantinovsky Fort and his story. In Sevastopol, the Konstantinovsky battery was opened in Sevastopol after the reconstruction

Konstantinovsky battery is the first and most famous fortifications built in Sevastopol after the joining Crimea to the Russian Empire.

Geographic coordinates of Konstantinov Battery on the map of Crimea GPS N 44.626704 E 33.512354

Since the joining of Crimea to the Russian Empire, the question of creating a Black Sea fleet and its placement was acute. At first, the Black Sea Fleet was located in the city of Nikolaev (now the territory of Ukraine). But a few years after the joining, Potemkin decided to transfer the fleet to Sevastopol, to one of the most comfortable and deep-water bays of Crimea - Sevastopol. In 1785, the Black Sea Admiralty was created, which laid the foundation of the Black Sea Fleet and breathed a new life in Sevastopol.
In 1786 the history of Konstantinov battery began which entered the story as a defensive construction number 1. The battery is located in Sevastopol bay and overlapped the entrance to almost all enemy ships, even on the raid approaches.
The first strengthening of the Konstantinov battery was earthen, with wooden redoubts. At that time, it could really deliver many problems with Turkish fleet.


By 1830, earthlings morally outdated and could not provide decent defense and protection of Sevastopol, therefore the plan for creating a new defensive fortress was adopted. In 1834, Colonel Burno developed a new engineering project to strengthen the defensive structure No. 1. The project was performed in two floors, in the form of the right horseshoe. The height of the walls was 12 meters, a thickness - up to 25 meters. The total length is 235 meters. The garrison was designed for 500 people and 94 guns. In the basements of the battery were powder warehouses, food and water reserves. In case of attack, Konstantinov battery could have been defended during the 1st year.


The Crimean-Turkish war began. It was clearly losing. England and France, afraid of capturing Russia of the straits connecting the Black and Mediterranean Sea, decided to enter the war on the side of Turkey. Italy also joined them, but did not participate in significant battles, mainly engaged in the looting and looting of the Crimean coast. British and French vessels approached the coast of the Crimea, in the area of \u200b\u200bthe city of Sevastopol, and tried to take the city. The operation of the seizure of the Crimean Peninsula was planned for 14 days and another month to establish the Turkish-French Protectorate.
In Sevastopol, the first attack of the enemy was abatened with cross-fire, from №1 №2 and No. 10 batteries, but the main blow was still coming to №1- Konstantinov battery. The battle lasted about 3-4 hours, the battery was covered with a powerful fire, but still kept and disabled three enemy ships. Fast assault operation failed. Commander of the Defense of Sevastopol Vice-Admiral V.A. Kornilov and Vice-Admiral P.S. Nakhimov, made decisions to flood the oldest ships and thereby block the passage to the bay. Further attempts to break through the defense of Sevastopol with the sea, everyone fell. So the positional war began with landing of enemy forces in Evpatoria -Shoputan operation.

The next high test for the Konstantinov fortressbecame the years of World War II, sevastopol seizure by the fascists and liberation of the city of the Red Army. Konstantinovsky fortress, throughout all hostilities, was in the very epicenter of the battle: permanent air trays, straight tank attacks and shelling by enemy mines.


In the post-war years Konstantinov batterylost her relevance. It was transferred from hand to hand in various military departments and was practically not restored. Small repair,. Conducted by military engineers, supported it in a deplorable state until 2015. In 2015, the Konstantinov battery was transferred to the Russian Geographical Society. In mid-2015, the fortress began repairing and creating the first exhibition halls. Presumably, for several years, the Konstantinov Fortress will lead to a decent view and will be discovered for visiting tourists. To date, several premises were reconstructed in the fortress. The museum's piggy bank has already been transferred about hundreds of exhibits and the exposure collection is regularly replenished.
In the coming years, Konstantinov batterywill enter the number of open to visit, along with such objects: like a monument and. If you decide to visit the city of Sevastopol, then we will certainly take a maritime excursion to Artbukhta. During the excursion, you will learn a lot about Sevastopol and will certainly float to the Konstantinov battery. The appearance opening on it from the sea is simply immaculate, and the photo made on her background will be like good memory for many years. Konstantinovsky Battery on the map of Crimea

One of the youngest museums of Sevastopol is Konstantinovskaya battery, this is a powerful defensive structure that protects entrance to the Sevastopol bay. Its length by the facade is 230 m, the width is 25 m, the height is 12 m. After the construction, 94 guns were installed, which served 470 artilleryrs.

The battery opened the doors for visitors quite recently, since many years was located on the territory of the military unit and was not available for tourists. Although outside this powerful two-storey rage was restored in the 70s of the last century, the interior and the courtyard began to reconstruct only after the return of the Crimea to Russia. Now the main works are completed. Ravelin gave the Russian geographical society, and the adjacent territory will be enhanced and turned into a recreation area.

What to see in Konstantinov Battery?

The new museum complex in the coming years will certainly become one of the most popular tourist and recreational seats of the city and especially the Northern side. In the meantime:

  1. First of all, the fortification structure in the form of a horseshoe, which is the peer of Sevastopol, and with this heroic city survived everything that fell on his share.
  2. Be sure to raise the roof of the building. From there, there is a beautiful view of the Fort itself, his courtyard with a fraternal grave of the city defenders, Sevastopol bay and Sevastopol.
  3. The museum works inside Retalin. One part of the exposition tells about the history of the battery, the second - on the detachment of combat swimmers, in which, in addition to people, served dolphins, and the third is devoted to the work of the Russian geographical society.

In the near future, another excursion route will be opened - around Fort buildings and exposure on the second floor. Here is the plan for the reconstruction of Konstantinovsky Cape on which the fort is located, as well as its surroundings:

And this is what the battery presented to reconstruction and work on its restoration:

History of the Konstantinov Battery Sevastopol

When Crimea was attached to Russia and A.V. Suvorov proposed to turn the Sevastopol bay into the base of the Black Sea Fleet, there was a need for its protection, and at the same time with the construction of the city, berths and docks, the construction of fortification structures began, first earthen, and then stone - on the project of the Colonel engineer K.I. Bureau.

The main radines were five - two two on each side of the bay and one opposite the entrance to it. Only two and both are preserved on the north side - where the most interesting museum is also opened, and Konstantinsky, named after the Grand Duke Konstantin Pavlovich, the son of Paul I and the grandson of Catherine II. Finished the construction of Fort 1840 and after 14 years he was subjected to the first test - the Crimean War began. Eleven British warships from 428 guns bombed the battery, which could be responsible for fire from 43 guns that were in this sector of shelling.

Despite the superiority of the British, the Russians brought out the three enemy ship. A little later at the entrance to the Sevastopol bay on the orders of Vice-Admiral V.A. Cornilova was flooded with seven outdated sailing ships of the Russian fleet and the enemy had to abandon the storming of the city from the sea.

No less active, Konstantinovsky battery participated in the second defense of the city during the Great Patriotic War, for which it was even called: "Little Sevastopol". In 1942, when the fascists rushed to the bay, in order not to give to the Soviet courts to go out into the open sea, the defenders of Radelin received the order - to hold out at least a day. They lasted five! Despite the massive shelling and the incessant attacks of the fascists. Now there is a monument in the center of the courtyard, which stands on the fraternal grave of the defenders of the battery killed in those days.

Battery bombings were destroyed by more than half, and with its inspection you will notice this - the restorers specially left the difference between the old and new masonry, so that the descendants see what the price is paid for peaceful life.

Konstantinovsky Battery - How to get, ticket price, schedule

If you go from the center of Sevastopol, then from the pl. Nakhimova on the boat should be moved to the northern direction, there with pl. Zakharov walks buses 49 and 55. From the stop will have to walk about 350 m.

Konstantinovsky battery in Sevastopol (Sevastopol, Russia) - exposure, opening, address, phone numbers, official website.

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Konstantinovsky battery is the longest caseab battery in Sevastopol, built in the shape of a horseshoe. It is located on the province of the same name in the northern part of the Sevastopol bay. In the years of Crimean, and later and the Great Patriotic War it was an important outpost, and today is one of the main components of the cityscape.

A bit of history

After connecting the Crimea to the Russian Empire with the filing of Prince Potemkin, the Black Sea Fleet was transferred to Sevastopol and the question arose about the protection of marine borders. Therefore, in 1786, the construction of a defensive structure - batteries in Sevastopol bay began. The first fortification was earthen with wooden redoubts, but even in such a form it defended the city from the invasion of the Turkish fleet. In 1830, the land strengthening was outdated, and it was decided to build a stronger and reliable fortress.

The project was developed by Colonel and Military Engineer Karl Burno. According to his drawings, the battery was built in two tiers and in the form of the right horseshoe, the best engineers of that era under personal supervision of the emperor Nikolai I were worked on the construction. The scale of the structure is impressive to this day: the total length was more than 230 m, the height of the walls - 12 m, and Thickness - up to 25 m. The garrison was designed for 500 people and 94 guns, powder was stored in the basements, stocks of products and drinking water. In 1840, the fortress was completed, and in October 1854 it was first checked in battle - during the first bombardment of Sevastopol.

The Great Patriotic War became a new serious test for the Konstantinov battery: she was constantly in the epicenter of hostilities, was shepherd and tank attacks. As a result, the fortress was significantly destroyed, but the city was defended by his task - in June 1942, only 70 people reflected the attacks of fascists within 3 days, and in May 1944 Sevastopol was released.

After the war, the fate of the battery was quite sad: she turned out to be no one else. In a dilapidated form, it was transferred to different military departments, they tried to repair it on their own, but this was obviously not enough. In 2014, the reconstruction of the Konstantinovsky fortress was engaged in the Russian geographical society, and the restoration work began next year, which were kept strictly according to the drawings from the Central Archive of the Navy. The walls destroyed during the battles were restored from a white inkerman stone, the inner premises were reconstructed, and also collected a collection of valuable exhibits, which is constantly updated. November 4, 2017 the fortress was solemnly open for tourists.

What to see

Entrance to the courtyard of the battery is free. There you can see a fraternal grave, at which in November 1944 installed a monument and a memorial plate with the text: "It was killed during the heroic defense of Sevastopol 1941-1942. Battalion Commissioners of the Baranov, Kulichnich, secretary of the party organization Vochnofeldsher Kosov. "

A military museum is now located in the battery casemates. The exposition consists of two parts, in the first of them weapons are the eras of the Crimean and Great Patriotic Wars, as well as the installation of the soldiers' and officers. On the one hand, the corridor is loopholes and weapons, and on the other hand, soldiers with straw mattresses, officerbates, medical sites, where mercy sisters provided assistance to wounded, and other household premises.

There are very good acoustics in the caasets, and despite the difficult wartime, it was sometimes used: the highest military ranks in the cabinets had musical instruments, and sometimes concerts were held in the breaks between the battles.

In the collection of the museum, genuine martial household items found here are on places of battles: soldiers' helmets, buttons (including names - so that the fighter is easier to identify in the event of death), flakes, pickles, shackles, weapons, sleeves, axes, etc. One of the most valuable exhibits is the JU 88 bombing chip, shot down by the 76th anti-aircraft battery.

The second part of the exposition is the history of the Russian geographical society in documents and photographs. The RGO has played a huge role in the reconstruction of Konstantinov battery, so he paid special attention to him. Here are portraits of all founding members of society - Ivan Fedorovich Kruzenshtern, Ferdinand Petrovich Wrangel and others, including Fedor Petrovich Litke, who belonged to the idea of \u200b\u200bcreating this organization. Here you can get acquainted with the contribution of each of the honorary members of the RGO in this case, as well as to trace his history until modern times.

Practical information

Address: ul. Plegorsky, district North side, Sevastopol.

How to get there: to get to Konstantinovskaya battery is the easiest way to bus with organized groups.

Opening hours: The museum is open to visiting on Fridays, Saturdays and Sundays from 10:00 to 16:00 by prior application.

Login: To the courtyard - the entrance is free, visiting the museum with a tour - 300 RUB per person. Prices on the page are shown in October 2018.

In honor of the opening of the museum, the reconstructors shot from the Sevastopol's first defense times.

It is symbolic that the opening of the tourist forum takes place on the Day of People's Unity in the walls of the Konstantinov battery, reconstructed thanks to the initiative of the Russian Geographic Society, said Dmitry Ovsyannikov in the opening ceremony. - These walls saw the blood of the city defenders in the first and second defense of Sevastopol. The new exhibition complex will show these heroic events of our Great History.

After the end of the war, until recently, Fort was used by the Black Sea Fleet as an observation point and a lighthouse, and after the return of the peninsula, the RGO decided to restore this unique monument of domestic fortification and military architecture. The President Vladimir Putin, who visited the Citadel in August 2015, was supported by this idea.

The builders recovered the battery under the old drawings, which provided the Central Archive of the Russian Federation of the Russian Federation in St. Petersburg. From the territory of Fort, the garbage and stones were extruded, dismantled the collapsed towers, after which they restored the masonry and laid the inner fears. According to the representative of the RGO Vladimir Vorobyov, 780 million rubles spent on the reconstruction. The first survey of the fortress revealed that its inner premises are in very poor condition. About 70 percent of the historical masonry of 1840 came into disrepair, the internal vaults were collapsed, and they had to fully restore them. To carry out such scope of work in a short time, Vladimir Vorobyov noted, it would be impossible without the help and support of the Chairman of the RGO, the Minister of Defense of the Russian Federation Sergey Shoigu.

Today, the Museum opened the first stage, which includes the exposition on the history of Konstantinov battery and the Russian geographical society - these are cards, weapons, shells, household items and ammunition of soldiers. One of the exhibits was the restored instrument of the city of the first defense of the city. The second defense of the period of the Great Patriotic War resembles a fragment of a German aircraft, shot down under Chersonese fire of the coastal anti-aircraft battery in the first War Watch on June 22, 1941. The new exposition has unfolded in the basement of the fortress. In the queue arrangement of the first floor and adjacent territory.

In the restored building, the RGO headquarters will open (third in the account after St. Petersburg and Moscow), where, in addition to the museum and exhibitions, the library and the archive of the history of Crimea and Sevastopol, Konstantinovsky battery, its builders and defenders who stood to death in battles will be arranged For native land on the first line of defense Sevastopol bay. While the museum will be opened to visit three days a week, from Friday to Sunday. The entrance ticket will cost 300 rubles. The city governor promised to provide transport accessibility of the new museum: bus routes and boats will be sent here.

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Konstantinov Battery was built in 1840 by the draft Colonel Engineer Charles Burno to close the entrance ships to the Sevastopol bay. It is constructed from the Krymbalist limestone delivered from Kylele-beam. In the caasemates there are braces for gun shooting of 94 guns that served 470 people. The total length is 230 meters around the facade, the width is 25 meters, the height above sea level is about 12 meters. From above, a beautiful view of the Sevastopol bay opens. The battery reflected the opponent's blows during the first defense of Sevastopol (1854-1855), was a participant in the revolutionary events of 1905, survived in the days of the second defense of Sevastopol (1941-1942). In 1854, the fortress received significant damage, reflecting the fiery squall of Franco-British troops, but stood, forcing the enemy battleships to go to the sea. During the Great Patriotic War, Fort helped ensure the evacuation of the population and soldiers from the northern side to the southern, as well as the withdrawal of the Black Sea of \u200b\u200bthe Sevastopol Bay. Despite the attacks of the fascists, the battery has surrendered the price of the life of the defenders of the fortress, which during the battles were buried in the center of the Citadel. After three days spent under the hail of shells and fragments, the surviving fighters left the fort, blowing up the cellar with ammunition. For this, the commander Ivan Kullinich sacrificed himself.