Mental map of Latin American countries. Latin America

Latin America on the world map is a collection of countries located in territories that were previously dependent on European metropolises. These countries occupy part of South and North America, as well as the isthmus between them. Latin America is an amazing land of mysterious civilizations such as the Aztecs and Mayans, as well as brave caballeros, sultry beauties, unique traditions and cultures. The official languages of Latin American countries are a group of Romance languages (Spanish, Portuguese and French).

Countries and capitals of Latin America

Below are the countries and capitals of Latin America, as well as their brief characteristics.

Antigua and Barbuda is a small Caribbean state. The country's population is more than 86.6 thousand inhabitants. The official language of Antigua and Barbuda is English. The capital is the city of St. John's.

Argentina is the second largest country in Latin America by area. Its population is more than 42.6 million inhabitants. The official language of Argentina is Spanish. The capital is the city of Buenos Aires.

Belize- a country located in the Caribbean. The country's population is 308 thousand inhabitants. The official language of Belize is English. The capital is Belmopan.

Bolivia- a state located in the center of South America. Its population is about 10.5 million inhabitants. The official languages of Bolivia are Spanish and Quechua. The capital is the city of Sucre.

Brazil is the largest state in Latin America. It occupies the territory of central and eastern South America. Population – 201 million inhabitants. The official language of Brazil is Portuguese. The capital is Brasilia.

Venezuela is a country located in the north of South America. Its population is more than 28.4 million inhabitants. The official language of Venezuela is Spanish. The capital is the city of Caracas.

Haiti– one of the poorest Latin American countries, constantly suffering from natural disasters, famines and coups. Population – about 9.9 million inhabitants. The official languages of Haiti are French, Creole and Haitian. The capital is Port-au-Prince.

Guatemala- a state located in the central part of the continent of America. Population – about 14.4 million inhabitants. Most of the residents are mestizos and Indians. The official language of Guatemala is Spanish. The capital is Guatemala City.

Honduras– a state that is located in the central part of the continent of America. It is washed by the Pacific Ocean and the Caribbean Sea. Population – more than 8.4 million inhabitants. The official language of Honduras is Spanish. The capital is the city of Tegucigalpa.

Dominican Republic is a country located in the east of the picturesque island of Haiti. Population: approximately 9.7 million inhabitants. The official language of the Dominican Republic is Spanish. The capital is the city of Santo Domingo.

Colombia- a country located in South America. Population – more than 45.7 million inhabitants. The official language of Colombia is Spanish. The capital is the city of Bogota.

Costa Rica is a small state located in the center of the Americas continent. Its population is more than 4.2 million inhabitants. The official language of Costa Rica is Spanish. The capital is the city of San Jose.

Cuba is an island state located in the Caribbean. Its unofficial name is Liberty Island. Population – just over 1 million inhabitants. The official language of Cuba is Spanish. The capital is Havana.

Mexico- a state located in the south of North America. Its population is 116.2 million inhabitants. The official language of Mexico is Spanish. The capital is Mexico City.

Nicaragua- a state located in the central part of the Americas continent. Population – more than 6 million inhabitants. The official language of Nicaragua is Spanish. The capital is Managua.

Panama- a state located on the Isthmus of Panama. Its population is about 3.7 million inhabitants. The official language of Panama is Spanish. The capital is Panama.

Paraguay- a state in the center of South America. Its population is more than 6.3 million inhabitants. The official languages of Paraguay are Spanish and Guarani. The capital is Asuncion.

Peru- a state in South America located in its northwestern part. Its population is about 30.5 million inhabitants. The official languages of Peru are Spanish, and in some regions - Aymara, Quechua, etc. The capital is Lima.

Salvador- a state located in the center of the continent of America. Its population is 6.9 million inhabitants. The official language of El Salvador is Spanish. The capital is San Salvador.

Uruguay- a state in the southeastern part of South America. Its population is more than 3.3 million inhabitants. The official language of Uruguay is Spanish. The capital is Montevideo.

Chile- a state located in the southwest of South America. Its population is more than 17.2 million inhabitants. The official language of Chile is Spanish. The capital is Santiago.

Ecuador- a country located in South America. Its population is more than 15.4 million inhabitants. The official language of Ecuador is Spanish. The capital is Quito.

In addition, Latin America includes the following territories: Puerto Rico (US territory) and French territories - French Guiana, Martinique, Guadeloupe, San Martin and San Barthelemy.

Sights of Latin America

Latin America is incredibly rich in interesting places. Here are located 3 of the 7 new wonders of the world. All attractions of Latin America can be divided into natural and man-made objects, as well as cities and villages of ancient civilizations.

Natural attractions:

Ojos del Salado is the highest volcano on Earth (6887 m).
The Atacama Desert is the driest place on the planet, located in western South America.
The Andes are the longest mountain system in the world (9000 km).
Angel Falls is the highest waterfall in the world (979 m).
The Amazon is the longest and most picturesque river on the Planet (6437 km).
Tierra del Fuego in Argentina is the largest South American island, with an area of 47,992 sq. km. This is a virgin land that is famous for its wild nature, beautiful landscapes and harsh climatic conditions.
Iguazu Falls, located on the border of Argentina and Brazil. They represent one of the most beautiful natural wonders of our Planet.

Man-made attractions:

Cities and villages of ancient civilizations:

Unit of length in Latin America

The units of length used today in Latin America can be represented as follows:

Brasa– unit of length used in Brazil (1 unit = 2.2 m) and Argentina (1.73 m).
Pie– unit of length used in El Salvador (1 unit = 27.8 cm), Haiti (30.5 cm), Honduras (27.83 cm), Cuba (30 cm), Mexico (27.93 cm) , Argentina (28.9 cm), Chile (30.5 cm), Uruguay (28.6 cm) and Paraguay (28.9 cm).
Vara– unit of length used in Peru (1 unit = 83.6 cm), Dominican Republic (83.6 cm), Brazil (1.11 m), Venezuela (80 cm), Guatemala (83.58 cm) , Honduras (83.5 cm), Colombia (20 cm), Costa Rica (83.6 cm), Mexico (83.8 cm), Panama (80 cm), Paraguay (86.7 cm), El Salvador (83 .5 cm), Uruguay (85.9 cm), Chile (83.5 cm), Ecuador (84 cm), Cuba (84.8 cm) and Argentina (86.7 cm).
Legua– unit of length used in Guatemala (1 unit = 5.573 km), Honduras (4.2 km), Colombia (5 km), Cuba (4.24 km), Ecuador (5 km), Paraguay (4. 33 km), Peru (5.6 km), Uruguay (5.154 km), Chile (4.514 km), Brazil (6.66 km), Mexico (4.19 km) and Argentina (5.2 km).

The video lesson is dedicated to the topic “Composition of Latin America. Political map". This topic is the first in the section of lessons dedicated to Latin America. You will get to know the diverse and interesting countries of the region, which play a significant role in the modern world. The teacher will tell you in detail about the composition, borders, and uniqueness of the countries of Latin America. As additional material, the lesson covers three topics: “Island of Freedom”, “Junta”, “Capture of Grenada”.

Topic: Latin America

Lesson: Composition of Latin America. Political map

Latin America is the name given to the region of the Western Hemisphere located between the United States and Antarctica. Latin America is divided into several subregions. These are Middle America (Mexico, countries of Central America and the West Indies), Andean countries (Venezuela, Colombia, Ecuador, Peru, Bolivia, Chile), countries of the La Plata basin (Paraguay, Uruguay, Argentina), Brazil. The name “Latin America” comes from the historical predominant influence of the language, culture and customs of the Romance (Latin) peoples of the Iberian Peninsula in this part of the world.

The region covers an area of 21 million square meters. km with a population of more than 570 million people.

Rice. 1. Political map of Latin America ()

The countries of Latin America vary in area: the largest country in the region is Brazil, the smallest are in the Caribbean.

The borders between countries pass mainly along rivers, ridges and other orographic features.

Economic and geographical position of Latin America:

1. Proximity to the USA.

2. Distance from other regions of the world.

3. Availability of the Panama Canal.

4. Almost all countries (except Bolivia and Paraguay) have access to the sea.

According to the form of government, all countries in the region are republics. Latin America includes more than 33 countries. Some countries are members of the Commonwealth (for example, Guyana, Dominica, Trinidad and Tobago). Guiana belongs to France. Cuba is a socialist state.

In terms of the form of administrative-territorial structure, unitary states predominate; the following countries have a federal structure: Brazil, Argentina, Mexico, Venezuela, Saint Kitts and Nevis.

Rice. 2. Flag of Saint Kitts and Nevis ()

Stages of formation of the political map of Latin America:

1. Stage of pre-European colonization.

2. Colonial stage.

3. Post-colonial stage.

4. Stage after the Second World War.

The civilizations of the Mayans, Aztecs, and Incas were located in Latin America.

The territory of Latin America was developed mainly by Spain and Portugal.

Puerto Rico has a special status. Puerto Rico is a territory dependent on the United States and has the status of an “unincorporated organized territory,” which means that this territory is under the administration of the United States (and is not an integral part of it), and is limited in scope by the US Constitution; The supreme power belongs to the US Congress, but the territory has its own system of self-government.

Currently, many issues regarding borders and ownership of territories have not been resolved. A striking example is the disputed Falkland Islands (Malvinas) between Great Britain and Argentina.

Cuba. The official name is the Republic of Cuba, the unofficial name since 1959 is Liberty Island - an island state in the northern part of the Caribbean Sea. The capital is Havana. Cuba is the largest island state in the region, stretching for 1250 km. It is located at the junction of the Caribbean Sea and the Gulf of Mexico, forming the “American Mediterranean”. The key depicted on the country's coat of arms is a symbol of the fact that the island, discovered by Columbus in 1492, was for centuries a kind of key to the New World. Cuba is a socialist state; for a long time it was an ally of the USSR.

Junta. In many countries, this word refers to various government bodies, including civil ones. In modern Russian (as well as in a number of other languages of the world) the word “ junta" used primarily to refer to a military dictatorship established as a result of a coup d'état. A striking example is the Government Junta of Chile.

Homework

Topic 10, P. 1

1. What regions (subregions) are distinguished in Latin America?

2. Name the features of the EGP of Latin America.

Bibliography

Main

1. Geography. A basic level of. 10-11 grades: Textbook for educational institutions / A.P. Kuznetsov, E.V. Kim. - 3rd ed., stereotype. - M.: Bustard, 2012. - 367 p.

2. Economic and social geography of the world: Textbook. for 10th grade educational institutions / V.P. Maksakovsky. - 13th ed. - M.: Education, JSC "Moscow Textbooks", 2005. - 400 p.

3. Atlas with a set of outline maps for grade 10. Economic and social geography of the world. - Omsk: FSUE "Omsk Cartographic Factory", 2012. - 76 p.

Additional

1. Economic and social geography of Russia: Textbook for universities / Ed. prof. A.T. Khrushchev. - M.: Bustard, 2001. - 672 p.: ill., map.: color. on

Encyclopedias, dictionaries, reference books and statistical collections

1. Geography: a reference book for high school students and applicants to universities. - 2nd ed., rev. and revision - M.: AST-PRESS SCHOOL, 2008. - 656 p.

Literature for preparing for the State Exam and the Unified State Exam

1. Thematic control in geography. Economic and social geography of the world. 10th grade / E.M. Ambartsumova. - M.: Intellect-Center, 2009. - 80 p.

2. The most complete edition of standard versions of real Unified State Examination tasks: 2010. Geography / Comp. Yu.A. Solovyova. - M.: Astrel, 2010. - 221 p.

3. The optimal bank of tasks for preparing students. Unified State Exam 2012. Geography: Textbook / Comp. EM. Ambartsumova, S.E. Dyukova. - M.: Intellect-Center, 2012. - 256 p.

4. The most complete edition of standard versions of real Unified State Examination tasks: 2010. Geography / Comp. Yu.A. Solovyova. - M.: AST: Astrel, 2010. - 223 p.

5. Geography. Diagnostic work in the Unified State Exam format 2011. - M.: MTsNMO, 2011. - 72 p.

6. Unified State Exam 2010. Geography. Collection of tasks / Yu.A. Solovyova. - M.: Eksmo, 2009. - 272 p.

7. Geography tests: 10th grade: to the textbook by V.P. Maksakovsky “Economic and social geography of the world. 10th grade” / E.V. Baranchikov. - 2nd ed., stereotype. - M.: Publishing house "Exam", 2009. - 94 p.

8. Unified State Exam 2009. Geography. Universal materials for preparing students / FIPI - M.: Intellect-Center, 2009. - 240 p.

9. Geography. Answers on questions. Oral examination, theory and practice / V.P. Bondarev. - M.: Publishing house "Exam", 2003. - 160 p.

Description of Latin America: list of countries, capitals, cities and resorts. Photos and videos, oceans and seas, mountains, rivers and lakes of Latin America. Tour operators and tours in Latin America.

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Latin American countries

The land of the mysterious civilizations of the Incas, Mayans and Aztecs, the land of breathtaking beauties and noble caballeros, the main tobacco and coffee region of the planet, as well as the concentration of a mass of original and diverse traditions and cultures, Latin America occupies the lower edge of the North American continent, South America and a whole scattering of islands, perched near their narrow isthmus.

The term “Latin America” arose as a designation for the dependent territories of the European metropolises, whose official languages developed from folk Latin - in particular, Spanish, Portuguese, and French. Today the combination “Indian America” is in circulation (as it is more politically correct), although for travel agents and tourists the region, it seems, will remain “Latin” for a long time.

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In a tourist sense, Latin America is a motley “bouquet” of destinations. People come here for everything - to personally touch legendary architectural monuments, to ride jeeps in national parks and, of course, to relax in style in coastal hotels. The public visiting Latin American countries is an inquisitive people with money (holidays in Latin America are very expensive). They have already traveled a lot around the world, have been to the countries of Southeast Asia several times and are very demanding about living conditions (70% of all tourists book five-star hotels). Most people prefer an educational holiday to passively lying on the beach, for which Latin America has everything they need.

Among the most popular Latin American destinations are Brazil, Argentina, Mexico, Peru, Chile, and Venezuela.

World Travel

2005

19.01.18 10:38

Climbing up the obstinate hills are ancient houses of cheerful colors, powerful Catholic cathedrals, welcoming harbors with shimmering turquoise waves, narrow streets overlooking the balconies of buildings densely covered with tropical flowers. All of these are cities in Latin America, preserving the memory of the colonial past and making generous concessions to the present and the future (in the form of skyscrapers winking at the sun with panoramic windows). Do you think that this top will be headed by the contrasting Rio de Janeiro or the Argentine dandy Buenos Aires? But no. We will show you other 10 cities in Latin America that you need to see live.

From the Valley of the Incas to the mausoleum of the great navigator: the most colorful cities in Latin America

Brazilian Salvador: up and down the passenger elevator

In Brazil's third largest city, Salvador, you can enjoy a wonderful mix of African, European and indigenous cultures from Latin America. It has some of the finest examples of colonial architecture in the Americas, and is surrounded by beautiful beaches. In Salvador's old central districts you'll find a collection of pastel-colored buildings dating from the time the Portuguese fortified their borders - now protected by UNESCO. This is the Upper Town, where, in addition to architectural monuments, there are many important institutions (some of them are also located in historical buildings), museums and temples. In the Lower Town you will have a unique shopping experience, descending into the middle of shopping centers on an unusual form of transport - the passenger elevator (Lacerda lift).

Lima: Pre-Columbian Artifacts and Gastronomic Wonders

Lima, the capital of Peru and a very interesting city, was once the richest in Latin America, a reflection of that era can be found in the main square, Plaza Mayor. The treasures of ancient pre-Columbian civilizations, exhibited at the National Museum and Larco Museum, are one of the main motivations of tourists. And here’s another great “bait”: the gastronomic wonders that famous chefs create in Lima (for example, Pedro Miguel Schiaffino and Gaston Acurio). The historical center of Lima is called the City of Kings, it captivates with colonial architecture, the modern Miraflores district attracts sun seekers and inveterate fashionistas, but Barranco is considered a haven for bohemians.

Cusco: Gateway to Machu Picchu

Speaking about Peru, we cannot forget about the main attraction of the country, the sacred valley of Machu Picchu, the most impressive and well-preserved Inca ruins, evidence of the stunning pre-Columbian era. This means that in our list of cities in Latin America we cannot do without Cusco; it is not for nothing that it has long been nicknamed “The Gateway to Machu Picchu”. Despite the fact that Cusco is often overcrowded with tourists, it has managed to maintain its face. So, before you go on an Inca mountain trek, admire the Baroque and Renaissance fortresses, temples, mansions and palaces, starting from the Plaza de Armas (the heart of Cusco and its central square). In recent years, this city has managed to emerge from the shadow of Lima and become the pearl of the country, because everything about it - from the former Temple of the Sun to the delicious Andean cuisine - is very popular with travelers.

Colombian Cartagena: a charmer with a special charm

This is where the heroine of the cult adventure comedy “Romancing the Stone” Joan Wilder (Kathleen Turner) was heading, but she mixed up the buses and ended up in the impenetrable jungle. Cartagena is a colorful city in Colombia that attracts more tourists than the country's capital, Bogota. And there are reasons for that! This is a charming city with an ancient waterfront protected by fortresses, photogenic cobbled alleys and colorful squares. All this makes Cartagena (full name Cartagena de Indias) one of the most romantic cities in Latin America. Named after Cartagena in Spain, the magnificent old town (St. Peter's Church, University, Palace of the Inquisition, Main Square, Cathedral) is filled with colonial charm and is protected by UNESCO.

Santiago: a futuristic dandy against the backdrop of the Chilean mountains

The Chilean capital Santiago seems to be a much more modern city - a kind of futuristic dandy - compared to other participants in our top. It's a thriving metropolis with a beautiful backdrop (snow-capped mountain peaks), trendy galleries and prominent skyscrapers (thanks to the economic boom of the last decade). However, there are vineyards, colonial mansions, neoclassicism, and what a cuisine in Santiago! The cozy restaurants serve world-class cuisine and excellent local wine. Exquisite boutiques will satisfy any seasoned shopaholic. Situated in the Maipo Valley, framed by the stunning Andes Mountains to the east and the Pacific Ocean to the west, Santiago has withstood invasions, earthquakes and dictatorships to become one of Latin America's most popular cities.

Valparaiso: colorful houses scattered along the slopes

Compared to Santiago, which is in demand among tourists, another pearl of Chile - Valparaiso - fades slightly, but in vain. Valparaiso is a very beautiful port city, easily accessible from the capital (about two hours away). Bright multi-colored houses, surrealistically scattered along the slopes of the hill, are the calling card of Valparaiso. Many of the historic buildings have been renovated to become trendy restaurants and comfortable boutique hotels. The city has several bohemian quarters with perfectly preserved 19th-century mansions. Due to the fact that the streets of Valparaiso fit between steep cliffs, rugged coastline and hills, there are a lot of stairs, narrow pedestrian streets, if you feel sorry for your legs, you can use the funiculars.

Asuncion: Paraguayan Jewel

The beginning of the next city in Latin America was laid by the traveler, conquistador from Spain Juan de Salazar, who landed here in 1537. Now Asuncion is the capital of Paraguay, filled with attractions that are best explored by walking through the ancient center. About half a million people live in the city, so no fuss or traffic jams! Buildings from the 16th-18th centuries, cathedrals and churches built by the Jesuits, and even the Orthodox Church of the Intercession of the Blessed Virgin Mary, built by Russian engineers in the 1920s, await you. But, of course, the most majestic is the National Cathedral, which takes on a completely different, otherworldly appearance at dusk with successful lighting. The city can be reached by car, plane or boat. Every July, a fair is held in the Paraguayan capital, where local food products, vegetables, fruits are presented, and national melodies are played - a very colorful festival!

Uruguayan capital Montevideo: art deco art nouveau, baroque

In one of the latest episodes of The Blacklist (now in its 5th season), the FBI's most wanted criminal, Raymond Reddington (James Spader), recommended that his interlocutor (who was in trouble) flee to Montevideo. Why, the concierge of the underworld, handling billions of dollars, won’t give bad advice! The capital of Uruguay remains underestimated: when wanting to visit the cities of Latin America, people choose the more “promoted” Rio or Buenos Aires. However, Montevideo is an outstanding metropolis, a large industrial port (which does not prevent the city from having more than 14 miles of luxurious beaches), a historical center carefully restored with Art Deco or Art Nouveau houses and a Baroque cathedral from 1726. There is even a bronze copy of Michelangelo's David in the city. Montevideo (the translation of the name is “view from the hill”) arose as a fortress at the entrance to La Plata Bay: the Spaniards defended themselves from smugglers. In modern Montevideo there are monuments and theaters, museums and skyscrapers, as well as the Centenario stadium, which hosted the World Cup (it used to accommodate 120 thousand people, after reconstruction there were 80 thousand seats left).

Santo Domingo: Residence of the Viceroys and Lighthouse of Columbus

There is probably no other city in Latin America (and perhaps not on Earth either) that would be so associated with the name of Christopher Columbus as Santo Domingo (the capital of the Dominican Republic). This jewel of the country, nestled in the south of Haiti, was discovered in 1496 by Christopher Columbus's brother Bartolomeo and named (by him) New Isabella. True, in 1502 the city received a name in honor of St. Dominic. Santo Domingo is the oldest existing settlement founded by Europeans in the Americas. Its buildings are a real excursion into the history of urban planning: Arabic style, Gothic, Romanesque, Renaissance. The Rosario Chapel dates back to the end of the 15th century, the Alcazar Castle (residence of the viceroys) was built by order of Christopher Columbus's son Diego in 1514. Until 1922, the ashes of Columbus himself were housed in the ancient Cathedral of Santa Maria la Menor. Nowadays, for the great navigator, a grandiose structure was erected (in the image and likeness of the Indian pyramids) - the Columbus Lighthouse. It was opened in 1992, its construction required more than 70 million dollars. The remains of the discoverer (at least what is considered his ashes) are placed in the Mayak mausoleum, guarded by a permanent guard of honor. The historical center (the so-called Colonial City) of Santa Domingo is included in the UNESCO World Heritage List.

Ecuadorian Loja and Podocarpus National Park

To finish the list of Latin American cities to visit, we want to be a kind of “dark horse”. You may not have heard of this small town with a population of 130 thousand. This is Loja (Ecuador), occupying the southern part of the Cordillera Real mountain range, located near Peru (180 km to the border). The ancient city has interesting architecture and design, there are stunning churches and squares, museums and botanical gardens with 800 species of plants.

But the main advantage of Loja is different: next to the city there is the amazing Podocarpus National Park. The biological diversity of the park is amazing, because it is the intersection of four ecological zones: the Pacific, Amazon, Southern Andes and Northern Andes.

The park has many hiking trails, a fantastic landscape with hills and waterfalls, and is home to 560 species of birds and 68 species of mammals, including many endemics.

Class: 11

Presentation for the lesson

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Attention! Slide previews are for informational purposes only and may not represent all the features of the presentation. If you are interested in this work, please download the full version.

Educational tasks:

– To form a concept and idea of Latin America as a historical, cultural and historical and geographical region.
– To form in students an idea of the countries of Latin America, their peculiarities of economic and geographical position.

Educational:

– Develop the ability to formulate an answer in the form of a diagram.
– Continue to develop geographical skills: analyze cartographic and statistical materials, give a brief description of countries.
– Work on general educational skills: compare and generalize, listen.

Equipment:

Wall-mounted political map of the world, atlas, multimedia projector.
Handouts for students: TVET (note. Materials of the Festival 2009-2010) technological map, test.
Methods of forming educational activities: partial-search, heuristic conversation.

Presentation “Features of Latin American countries.”
Plan for studying the territory.
Myself. work with TPO (notebook with printed base).
Student of new material Composition of the region.
Work on the map at the board “Features of the geographical location of the continent of South America.”
History of the discovery of the region. Formation of a political map.
Diversity of Latin American countries (s.r., diagram).
Riddle tasks.
Test.

During the classes

1. Teacher's opening speech:

– Today, we will start our lesson in an unusual way; first we will take a virtual trip to some countries. Your task is: after watching the presentation, answer the question: Which region will we study today?

2. Show Presentations.(1-14 slide)

After watching, the children are asked a question.

– Guys, have you decided which region we will get acquainted with today? (Latin America)-( slide 15).

– Show it on the map. ( slide 16)

– Let’s remember the plan according to which we characterize the region.

textbook p.330: territory, borders, position; natural conditions and resources; population; economy, territorial structure; characteristics of the largest countries (Brazil); environmental protection and environmental problems.

- So, name the topic of our lesson. “Territory, borders, position of the region on the political map” - write it down in your notebook .(slide 17)

– The purpose of our lesson: To study the composition of the region, to consolidate the ability to determine the geographical location of countries and their characteristics.

To move on to studying new material, let's remember what we already know about the countries of this region.

To do this, open TVET (Topic 5, block 1, work on options).

4.
Independent work of students with TVET (10 min.). Annex 1

5. Studying new material.

Teacher's opening speech.

– What is included in Latin America?

Latin America is the region of the Western Hemisphere between the United States and Antarctica. It includes: Mexico, Central America, the West Indies and South America. Moreover, Mexico, the West Indies and Central America are often combined into the Caribbean subregion. In total, the region includes 33 sovereign states, as well as 14 countries that are possessions of Great Britain, France, the Netherlands and the United States. (These are small islands in the Caribbean).

The territory of Latin America stretches from north to south for 13 thousand km, and from west to east up to 5 thousand km.

In what part of the world is the region located? (America), what does it include? (two continents).

– Which traveler is America named after? (Amerigo Vespucci).

- Guys, who discovered the continent of South America? (Christopher Columbus). H. Columbus lived in Portugal. He decided to open the route to India via the western route. He first discovered the Bahamas, one of which he named San Salvador. Since he was looking for a way to India, the natives began to be called Indians. The tobacco and potatoes he discovered on the island of Cuba later conquered the whole world. With the discovery of new lands (15-17th centuries), the era of their colonization by the Spaniards and Portuguese began.

– How do you understand the word colonization? (capture, development of new lands).

6. History of settlement, development of the region. Formation of a political map : The name “Latin America” comes from the historically prevailing influence in this part of the world of the language, culture and customs of the Roman (Latin) peoples of the Iberian Peninsula - the Spaniards and the Portuguese. Who in the 15-18 centuries conquered this part of America and colonized it.

Before Europeans came here, there were developed states on the mainland: the Aztecs ( slide 18)with its capital Tenochtitlan, the territory of modern Mexico and the Maya ( slides 19,20) on the Yucatan Peninsula (Mexico), as well as the Inca Empire ( slides 21,22) on the west coast of South America (Peru, Ecuador) with its capital in Cusco.

All these civilizations were destroyed with the arrival of European colonialists.

Most of the modern states of Latin America are former colonies of Spain, and Brazil is a former Portuguese colony.

Find confirmation of this in the atlas with... (that's right, only in Brazil - the population speaks Portuguese, in the rest of the territory Spanish dominates).

Are there any developed countries in this region? (No).

All 33 sovereign states are developing.

Pay attention to the diagram that needs to be briefly filled out using symbols. As you fill out the diagram in your notebook, fill in the diagram on the board.

– What was the basis for identifying the Latin America region? (p. 331 teaching)

– Peculiarities of drawing borders between countries.

– Draw up a diagram “Diversity of Latin American countries.”

(Slide 23)

7
. Work on the map: Riddle tasks.

A) The state is washed by two oceans, forming two bays in the territory. WITH

to the north it borders on one more economically developed country.

Name the country, bays, border state. (Mexico slides 24-27).

B) The driest desert in the world, the Atacama, is located on the territory of this country. She owns an island in the Pacific Ocean - Easter Island ( slides 28-32).

C) Part of the country has a harsh climate. The territory is called Patagonia. (Argenina slide 33).

D) On the territory of this country there is the highest waterfall in the world - Angel.

(Venezuela slide 34).

E) A country where cane, cocoa beans and raw materials for the chemical industry are grown. (Brazil slide 35-36).

E) Guess the picture. (Cuba slide 37-40).

8.
Fixing material: TEST. Appendix 3
9.
Summing up the lesson.

Guys, today we studied the peculiarities of the geographical location of Latin American countries. Tell me, what are the influences of the characteristics of the territory? (On the diversity of natural conditions and the availability of natural resources, which determine the specialization of the economy). So the topic of our next lesson is: “Natural Resources”.

D/Z
.

– Review the types of natural resources, do practical work on the book “Characteristics of countries”. Find “geographical names” on the map, write them down and put them on the map.