Verb moods. Verb mood: imperative, indicative, conditional How to determine the indicative mood of a verb

Mood forms

1) Verbs in the indicative mood denote an action that is happening, has happened and will happen. From the name itself - “indicative” - it follows that the action takes place in reality, in reality.

A verb in the indicative mood can change tenses: for example, I'm playing, I'm playing, I'm going to play.

2) Verbs in the conditional mood denote an action that could occur if certain conditions are met.

The conditional mood is formed using the particle “would”, as well as the past tense form: I would learn it, I would read it.

3) Verbs in the imperative mood indicate an action that someone asks or orders to perform.

Such verbs are in most cases used in the second person form (sit down, stand up), as well as with the particle “-ka” (read-ka, run-ka). Often imperative verbs are accompanied by an exclamation mark.

Rules: indicative mood

To determine what mood a verb is in, you need to look at the sentence in which it is used, pay attention to the presence of the particle “would” or the fact of a request or order.

The most common verbs are the indicative mood - this is the form that we use in everyday life.

Indicative verbs can be seen in narrative, descriptive and reasoning texts, since this form is almost universal.

Verbs in the indicative mood can be in any tense - past, present or future. This is due to the fact that the indicative mood does not carry practically any emotional connotation (unlike, for example, the imperative, which is possible only in the future tense).

Also, a verb in the indicative mood can change according to the category of person, as well as the category of aspect - to be perfect or imperfect.

It must be remembered that in some cases, verbs of the indicative mood can be used in the meaning of the imperative mood: “Let's go, let's go!”, “And you will bring me kvass” - as a rule, such a choice is made so that the address sounds polite and not like an order.

An indicative verb may contain interrogative intonation. But the reverse connection is also possible: the use of an imperative verb in the indicative meaning - “Someone whisper in my ear...” - to create the effect of description.

This choice, as a rule, is explained by the author’s desire to give his text a brighter stylistic coloring. In neutral speech such techniques are not usually used.

That's why it's so important. This part of speech is necessary in order to correctly name and describe the action. Like other parts of speech, it has its own morphological features, which can be constant or inconsistent. Thus, permanent morphological characteristics include person, gender, tense, and number. Let's look at the concept of verb mood in Russian. How to define it? All these questions can be answered in this article.

In contact with

What is inclination?

This is a grammatical feature of a verb that helps modify the word. This category is necessary in order to express process relation, which just calls this word, to reality.

Important! Verb forms are indicative, imperative and conditional moods

Depending on how the words express the attitude towards the processes that occur in reality, there are moods for verbs:

direct;
indirect.

By direct we mean the indicative mood, which allows you to objectively convey the action. For example: Yesterday we watched a movie.

Indirect is an imperative or imperative mood. It serves to express those processes that do not coincide with reality. For example: I would read this novel tomorrow, but I will go on a visit.

Thinking about the definition of a verb

Kinds

The classification is based on the features and peculiarities of the lexical meaning of verbs.

In modern times there are three types:

Indicative.
Conditional.
Imperative.

The first type usually denotes the action that is actually happening and could happen in the past, can happen in the present and can happen in the future. For example: I will do my homework on Thursday.

The second type denotes an act that will be performed in the future, but under a certain condition. For example: I would do my homework on Thursday, but I'm going to the theater.

The third type is either an order to do something or a request. For example: Be sure to learn your homework tomorrow.

Three types of verb mood

How to determine the mood of a verb

In order to determine this, it is necessary to understand how the action occurs and what grammatical characteristics it has. So, verbs in the indicative show a real action, so this word will change over time.

If the verb is in the imperative form, then it is the action will be performed by some other person. Such words usually encourage some activity.

Therefore, the action will not be actually performed, but required. Most often, to obtain the imperative verb form, a specific tense is used, for example, future or present, to which the suffix -i must be added. But it’s possible without it. For example, catch, scream, die. If it is used in the plural, then the ending te is added respectfully to the ending of such a word. For example, catch, scream, die.

The conditional refers to those actions that would occur if all the necessary conditions were present. By the way, the conditional is also called the subjunctive. This form is easy to identify in the text, since it usually always contains a particle would or b. For example, I would jump into the river if I had a swimsuit.

Important! Any verbal word form can be used in oral and written speech not only in its literal meaning, but also in a figurative one. Usually a figurative meaning completely changes the meaning of a word, so this category also changes.

Indicative

The most common verbal word form in the Russian language is considered to be indicative, since it allows us to talk about what happens in reality to a person, object or any person. Only the indicative can determine time, and how this action is performed will depend on what it is: in reality or in the future.

Another feature of this form is the change in persons and numbers. If the verb is perfective, then it can change tenses:

The present.
Future.
Past.

Each time is formed here in its own way. Thus, the future tense is formed using the word “to be”, which is added to the verb in the indefinite form. But this is a complex form of the future tense, and the simple form is . For example: I clean my apartment all day long. (present time). I cleaned the apartment all day long. (past tense). I will clean the apartment all day long. (bud. time).

The indicative mood can be found in various types of speech, and therefore in many speech situations These are the most commonly used verb forms.

Conditional

Words that are used in conditional form indicate actions that can occur, but some conditions are necessary for this to happen. For example: I would pass this test if I had help. To form such forms, you simply need to put the verb in the past tense and attach the particle would or b. The particle can appear anywhere in a sentence. It is necessary in order to highlight the word you need, which can be any part of speech.

The subjunctive, or conditional, also has its own peculiarities of use. It allows not only to express some action that could occur if special capabilities were created for this, but also helps express desires and dreams, doubts and fears.

The subjunctive mood in Russian helps to express the nuances of the conditions of action. Examples: I would like to go to the sea if my work didn’t keep me. There wouldn't be any trouble!

Imperative

Imperative verbs encourage the person listening to the speech to take some action. Such words, varied in emotional and grammatical design, can be either polite when they contain some kind of request, or an order. For example: please bring a book. Bring a book!

Imperative verb

Attention! If such a word is preceded by the particle not, then the imperative form will indicate that it is undesirable to perform the action. For example: Don't pick snowdrops!

The formation of this form also has its own characteristics:

Often, introductory words are used to express a request, which are separated in writing by commas.
If it is necessary to address politely, then the word is put in the plural.
The suffix -i is often used.
It can be formed from both perfective and imperfective verb stems.
Sometimes they use the words let and let.

Verb mood

Conclusion

The various moods are easy to learn, and therefore do not require memorizing the rules; a table of verb forms will help with this. Each verb, depending on the speech situation, can be used in any form. Therefore, this category is always defined only in a sentence.

In the Russian language, there are three types of verb mood: indicative, imperative and conditional. The latter is also called the subjunctive. This is a very important classification because each form listed helps determine how what is mentioned in the sentence relates to reality. The chosen mood of the verb may imply a request or order that the action has happened, is happening or will happen in reality, and also that it is only desired or will take place if some necessary conditions are met.

The first type is indicative, which is also called “indicative”. This form means that the action has happened, is happening, or will actually happen. Verbs in the indicative mood change tenses. Moreover, for imperfective verbs, all three tenses take place: past, present and complex future (for example: thought - I think - I will think, I did - I do - I will do, I looked for - I look for - I will look for), and for the perfective form there are only two: past and simple future (for example: came up with - I'll come up with done - I'll do it, found it - I'll find it). In the future and present tenses, the vowel at the end of the infinitive stem disappears in some cases (for example: hear - hear, see - see).

Second type - conditional or subjunctive mood, which is also called “subjunctive”. This form means that the action did not actually happen, but is only desired, planned in the future, unrealizable, or will be realized when some necessary conditions are met. (For example: I would fly into space to study distant stars. In a year I would like to go to the sea. I would read other people's thoughts. I would go for a walk if the rain stops.) Verbs in the present and future tense are not used to form the conditional mood. It is composed exclusively with the help of a past tense verb (that is, the base of the infinitive, adding the suffix “-l-”), as well as the particle “would” or “b”. These particles can be found both before and after the verb, and can also be separated from it by other words. (For example: I would go to the museum. I would love to go to the museum). Verbs in the conditional mood change by number, and in the singular also by gender, but they never change by person and, as already stated, by tense. (For example: I would look, I would look, I would look).

Third type - imperative mood, which is also called “imperative”. This form means a request, advice, order, or encouragement to action. Verbs in the imperative mood are most often used in the 2nd person. In this case, they have a zero ending in the singular and a “-te” ending in the plural. They also do not change over time. The imperative mood is formed using a verb stem in the present or simple future tense, to which is added the suffix “-and-” or in some cases a zero suffix. (For example: Remember, you must do this! Stop doing nonsense! Watch this movie!)

It is also possible to use the 1st person plural form. It is used to encourage joint action in which the speaker will also participate. Then the imperative mood is formed using the infinitive of an imperfective verb or a perfective verb in the future tense, preceded by the following words: come on, let's. (For example: Let's go to the cinema. Let's cook breakfast. Let's try this dish.)

The 3rd person singular and plural forms are used to form the imperative mood when it is necessary to express an impulse to action of people not participating in the dialogue. In this case, it is formed using a verb in the form of the present or simple future tense and the following particles: yes, let, let. (For example: Let him buy bread. Let them come to me. Long live the king!)

From time to time, to soften the order, the particle “-ka” is added to imperative verbs (for example: Go to the store. Show me the diary. Bring me a book.)

In some cases, there are exceptions when mood forms are used in a figurative sense, namely in a meaning that is usually characteristic of another mood.

Thus, a verb in the form of the imperative mood can take on the meaning of the conditional mood (for example: Without his will, nothing would have happened. If he had not noticed the loss in time, disaster would have happened.) or indicative mood (for example: And she suddenly said that she had already seen this man. And he can do it his way!)

A verb in the indicative mood can take on an imperative meaning. (For example: Get up quickly, you'll be late! Let's go dig potatoes.)

A verb in the conditional mood can also take on an imperative meaning. (For example: I would tell it like it is. Would you help your friend in need?.)

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What is the indicative mood of verbs and how to determine it? This article provides a detailed description of this type of verbs, as well as their inherent grammatical categories. The convenient table provides illustrative examples of determining the indicative mood of verbs by their conjugated forms.

What is the indicative mood of a verb?

Indicative mood of the verb is a series of conjugated forms of verbs denoting a real action (process, state) that is happening, has happened or will happen in reality. Verb forms in the indicative mood are characterized by the grammatical categories of number, tense, person and gender.

Examples of the indicative moodverbs:

The man got ready to go fishing, prepared his gear and fishing rod.

Do you listen to classical music?

The mechanics will finish their work and go have tea.

In some cases, verbal forms of the indicative mood are used in the meaning of the subjunctive or imperative moods.

For example: Will you tell me this story(imperative). There is no need to hesitate for a long time - he took it and did the job(subjunctive).

How to determine the indicative mood of a verb?

The main distinguishing feature of verb forms in the indicative mood is their variability in tenses (made – I’m making – I’ll be making)– the forms of the imperative and subjunctive mood do not change over time. NSV verbs in the indicative mood have all conjugated forms, SV - only future and past tense forms.

To better understand how to determine the indicative mood of verbs by their conjugated forms, look at the examples in the table.

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	Future		Present tense			Past tense
	Unit number	Mn. number	Unit number	Mn. number		Unit number	Mn. number
1st person	I will grow; I'll have a drink	We will grow; Let's have a drink	I'm growing	Growing	Husband. genus	Ros; Drank	Grew up; Drank
2nd person	You will grow; Have a drink	You will grow; You are drinking	You're growing	Growing up	Women genus	Grew up; I drank
3rd person	Will grow; Will drink	Will grow; They'll drink	Growing	Grow	Wed. genus	Grew; Drank

Sections: Russian language

Class: 5

Lesson objectives:

a) extract, process and transform information from one form to another (into a table, keywords);

b) recognize verbs in the indicative mood, form the present, future and past tense forms of verbs in the indicative mood.

During the classes

I. Organizational moment.

Greetings. Identification of missing persons.

Our bell is ringing
And the lesson tells me to start.
Do you hear a ringing voice -
It's time for us to start our lesson.

II. Psychological preparation. Mobilizing moment.

Guys, today we continue to study the verb, our homework was to repeat the rules in the Russian language associated with the verb. To check my homework, I give tasks for expert groups . Let me remind you that the time to prepare an answer is 2 minutes.

III. Group work of expert groups.

On your knowledge sheets, give yourself a grade for completing 1 task.

IV. Introduction to the topic. Formulating the topic and objectives of the lesson.

Writing on the board.

Read the words:

What phrase can be used to name all these concepts?

(Morphological features of the Verb)

Which sign are you not yet familiar with?

(Mood. Is this a constant sign or inconsistent? What are the moods of verbs?)

What question do you have?

Write down the topic of the lesson - “Verb Mood”.

V. Discovery of new knowledge.

1. Work on the textbook § 74 after the heading “Determining the lesson problem.”

Read the poem (ex. 596, p. 140). Write down the highlighted verbs.

Observation of the meaning of verbs used in the text of the poem.

a) Work on assignments for the exercise.

Which verbs denote a real action that happened in the past or is happening in the present?

What action does the verb call? don't eat? (Request, demand)

b) Read the definition of inflection in the textbook box (p. 140).

Compare observation results with the definition in the box (p. 140).

What question did you find the answer to in this definition? (What is inclination, what sign is it: constant or unstable, what types of inclinations are there.)

Complete the phrases:

Inclination – fickle morphological feature of the verb.

Mood expresses attitude actions to reality.

The action may be real And unreal.

Complete the diagram:

Mutual control. Check your neighbor's work and put a + sign on the knowledge sheets for completing 2 tasks, a - sign if you were unable to complete the work.

Teacher's word.

Expert group No. 4 was issued creative homework assignment: guess the riddle.

What morphological feature of a noun and a verb have the same root? A word from the experts of group 4.

– What can its name tell us about the indicative mood? Expert group No. 5 was issued creative homework assignment: highlight the root in the word and look in the dictionary what it means. A word from the experts of group 5.

An ancient root can be found in this word I'm in, which in modern language is found in other words with the same root. ( I'm in b - reality, I'm in ny – visible, obvious; yavl event – event, incident.)

Thus, verbs in the indicative mood denote actions reality(as if in reality) which are happening, happened or will happen

2. Work from the textbook after the “Discovering new knowledge” section.

Read the 1st text in the box (p. 141).

Name the key words in this definition. (Indicative mood, real actions, past, present, future tense)

3. -Make a table in your notebook based on the text in the frame (p. 141).

Verbs in the indicative mood change according to at times; in the present and future tense - by persons and numbers; in the past tense - by numbers and in the singular by gender.

Changing verbs in the indicative mood

Physical education minute

VI. Primary consolidation, development of educational language and spelling skills.

1. Mutual control. Task No. 3

- What is the difference? (Prefix, view.)

– Form the 1st l form of these verbs in the present and future tenses. plural, and in the past - the m.r. form. units

– Fill in the table with examples.

Indeterminate form	Present tense	Future	Past tense
read (nesov.v.)	we read	we'll read	read
read (sov.v.)	-	let's read	read
draw (nesov.v.)	draw	we'll draw	drew
draw (sov.v.)	-	let's draw	drew

-What did you notice? (There is no present tense form of the verb draw.)

– Draw a general conclusion after working in groups: how many tense forms can perfective verbs have, and how many can imperfective verbs in the indicative mood have? ( Two forms of perfective verbs , three - for imperfective verbs.)

Check your work and put a + sign on your knowledge sheets for completing task 3, and a - sign if you were unable to complete task 3.

2. Reflection.

Task No. 4. Self-control

A) Choose the correct statements (write their number in your notebook).

Mood is a constant morphological feature of a verb.
Verbs have three moods: indicative, conditional and imperative.
Verbs in the indicative mood denote actions that actually happened in the past, are happening in the present, or will happen in the future.
Verbs in the indicative mood do not change.

Write down their number in your notebooks.

B) Determine in which row the verbs in the indicative mood are located.

I would have cooked it, I would have done it, I would have had it.
Read, fry, smile, long live, let it be.
He thinks, he looked, they will bring it, they came, you notice

VII. Lesson summary.

– What were the key words in the lesson? (Mood, indicative mood, real action, inconstant morphological feature, present, past tense, future tense)

– Have all the goals set at the beginning of the lesson been achieved?

By what criteria will you evaluate yourself?

VIII. Homework.

1. Learn definitions within the framework of pages 140, 141.