Not a leap year. Leap years: list

leap day This article is about the calendar. There is also a musical group "Leap Year".

Introduction history

Caesar was killed two years after the introduction of the new calendar, the second leap year began after his death. Perhaps this explains the fact that the priests who were responsible for the functioning of the calendar did not understand the principle of introducing an additional day every fourth year, and instead began to introduce an additional day in February every three years (it is assumed that they counted the fourth from the year preceding the leap year) . For 36 years after Caesar, there was a leap year every third year, and only then the emperor Augustus restored correct order following leap years (and also canceled several subsequent leap years to remove the accumulated incremental shift). From a comparison of Roman and Egyptian dates in a papyrus found in 1999, it was found that leap years in Rome were , , , , , , , , , , , , BC. e., , and every fourth year thereafter.

Gregorian calendar

To compensate for the accumulated error and avoid such a shift in the future, in 1582, Pope Gregory XIII reformed the calendar. In order to better match the average calendar year to the solar year, it was decided to change the leap year rule. As before, a year remained a leap year, the number of which is a multiple of four, but an exception was made for those that were a multiple of 100. From now on, such years were leap years only when they were also divided by 400.

In other words, a year is a leap year if it is a multiple of 4 and not a multiple of 100, or a multiple of 400. A year is not a leap year if it is not a multiple of 4, or a multiple of 4, but it is also a multiple of 100 and not a multiple of 400.

Century years ending in two zeros are not leap years in three out of four cases. So, the years , and were not leap years, since they are a multiple of 100 and not a multiple of 400. A year is a leap year, since it is a multiple of 400. 2100, 2200 and 2300 are not leap years. In leap years, an extra day is introduced - February 29.

What does leap year mean?

1 . A leap year is a year that has 366 days instead of 365 as usual. An extra day in a leap year is added in February - February 29 (leap day).

The extra day in a leap year is necessary because it takes a little over 365 days to complete one revolution around the Sun, to be exact. 365 days, 5 hours, 48 minutes and 46 seconds.

Humans once followed a calendar of 355 days with an extra month of 22 days every two years. But in 45 B.C. Julius Caesar, together with the astronomer Sosigenes, decided to simplify the situation, and the Julian 365-day calendar was developed with an extra day every 4 years to compensate for the extra hours.

This day was added in February as it was once the last month in the Roman calendar.

2 . This system was supplemented by Pope Gregory XIII (who introduced the Gregorian calendar), who coined the term "leap year" and declared that year divisible by 4 and divisible by 400 but not divisible by 100, is a leap year.

So according to the Gregorian calendar, 2000 was a leap year, but 1700, 1800 and 1900 were not.

What are leap years in the 20th and 21st centuries?

1904, 1908, 1912, 1916, 1920, 1924, 1928, 1932, 1936, 1940, 1944, 1948, 1952, 1956, 1960, 1964, 1968, 1972, 1976, 1980, 1984, 1988, 1992, 1996, 2000, 2004, 2008, 2012, 2016, 2020, 2024, 2028, 2032, 2036, 2040, 2044, 2048, 2052, 2056, 2060, 2064, 2068, 2072, 2076, 2080, 2084, 2088, 2092, 2096

February 29 - leap day

3 . February 29 is considered the only day a woman can propose to a man. The tradition began in 5th century Ireland when Saint Brigid complained to Saint Patrick that women had to wait too long for a proposal from worshipers.

Then he gave women one day in a leap year - the last day in the shortest month, so that the fair sex could propose to a man.

According to legend, Brigitte immediately knelt down and proposed to Patrick, but he refused, kissing her on the cheek, and offered her a silk dress to soften the refusal.

4 . According to another version, this tradition appeared in Scotland, when Queen Margaret, at the age of 5, announced in 1288 that a woman can propose to any man she likes on February 29th.

She also made a rule that those who refused had to pay a fine in the form of a kiss, a silk dress, a pair of gloves, or money. To warn fans in advance, a woman was supposed to wear trousers or a red petticoat on the day of the proposal.

In Denmark, a man who refuses a woman's marriage proposal must provide her with 12 pairs of gloves, and in Finland, fabric for a skirt.

Leap year wedding

5 . One in five couples in Greece avoid getting married on a leap year, as it is believed that this brings bad luck.

In Italy, it is considered that in a leap year woman becomes unpredictable and at this time no need to plan important events. So, according to the Italian proverb "Anno bisesto, anno funesto". ("Leap year is a doomed year").

February 29

6 . The odds of being born on February 29 are 1 in 1461. Around the world, about 5 million people were born on a leap day.

7 . For centuries, astrologers believed that children born on a leap day have unusual talents, a unique personality, and even special powers. Among famous people born on February 29, one can name the poet Lord Byron, the composer Gioachino Rossini, the actress Irina Kupchenko.

8. In Hong Kong, the official birthday for those born on February 29th is March 1st in normal years, while in New Zealand it is February 28th. If you calculate the time correctly, then traveling from one country to another, you can celebrate longest birthday in the world.

9. The city of Anthony in Texas, USA is a self-proclaimed " leap year capital of the world". A festival is held here annually, where those who wish from all over the world, born on February 29, gather.

10. Record largest number generations born on a leap day, belongs to the Keogh family.

Peter Anthony Keogh was born February 29, 1940 in Ireland, his son Peter Eric was born February 29, 1964 in the UK, and his granddaughter Bethany Wealth was born February 29, 1996.

11. Karin Henriksen from Norway holds the world record having the most children on a leap day.

Her daughter Heidi was born on February 29, 1960, her son Olav on February 29, 1964, and her son Lief-Martin on February 29, 1968.

12. In the traditional Chinese, Jewish and ancient Indian calendar, not a leap day is added to the year, but a whole month. It is called the "intercalary month". It is believed that children born in a leap month are more difficult to raise. In addition, it is considered unlucky to start serious business in a leap year.

Leap year: signs and superstitions

Since ancient times, a leap year has always been considered difficult and bad for many undertakings. In popular belief, the leap year is associated with Saint Kasian, which was considered evil, envious, stingy, unmerciful and brought misfortune to people.

According to legend, Kasyan was a bright angel to whom God entrusted all plans and intentions. But then he went over to the side of the Devil, telling him that God intends to overthrow all satanic power from heaven.

For betrayal, God punished Kasyan, ordering him to be beaten on the forehead with a hammer for three years, and in the fourth year he was released to the ground, where he committed unkind deeds.

There are many signs associated with a leap year:

First, in a leap year can't start anything. This applies to important matters, business, major purchases, investments and construction.

Is it possible to get married or get married on a leap year?

A leap year is considered extremely unsuccessful for marriage. Since ancient times, it was believed that a wedding played on a leap year would lead to an unhappy marriage, divorce, infidelity, widowhood, or the marriage itself would be short-lived.

Such a superstition may be due to the fact that in a leap year, girls could woo any young man they liked who could not refuse an offer. Often such marriages were forced, and therefore family life did not ask.

However, it is worth treating these signs wisely and understanding that everything depends on the spouses themselves and on how they build relationships. If you still planned a wedding, there are several ways to mitigate the "consequences":

Brides are advised to wear long wedding dress covering the knees to make the marriage durable.

Wedding dress and other wedding accessories not recommended to give to anyone.

The ring should be worn on the hand, not the glove., since wearing a ring on a glove will cause spouses to be frivolous about marriage

To protect the family from troubles and misfortunes, a coin was put in the shoes of the bride and groom.

What can not be done in a leap year?

・In a leap year do not carol at Christmas time because it is believed that you can lose your happiness. Also, according to a sign, a caroler who dresses in an animal or a monster can take on the personality of evil spirits.

· Pregnant women shouldn't cut their hair before giving birth. because the baby may be born unhealthy.

・In a leap year do not start building a bath which can lead to illness.

· Can't pick mushrooms, since it is believed that they all become poisonous.

In a leap year, you do not need to celebrate the appearance baby's first tooth. According to the sign, if you invite guests, your teeth will be bad.

· You can not change jobs or apartments. According to you, the new place will turn out to be bleak and restless.

If a child was born in a leap year, it must be baptize as soon as possible, and godparents to choose among blood relatives.

Older people should not buy things for the funeral because it can bring death closer.

· Can't get divorced because in the future you will not be able to find your happiness.

The main difference between a leap year is the number of days in February. In a leap year, unlike a normal year, February has twenty-nine days instead of the usual twenty-eight. There are different opinions as to whether a leap year can be called unlucky. Superstitious people are afraid of its onset, because they associate with it the beginning of a difficult period in life. This year, a person in all matters is accompanied by failures that cannot be avoided. But this is just one of the opinions.

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The ancient legend of the leap year

Leap year is not just popularly considered bad. Associated with him old legend, which reveals the origin story of this year.

The leap year is associated with the name of the angel Kasyan. The Lord trusted him with his plans and thoughts. But Kasyan could not resist the temptation and went over to the side of the dark forces. He was punished for his betrayal. For three years he was beaten for his anger and cowardice, and in the fourth year he descended to the ground and harmed people in every possible way. Our ancestors believed that Kasyan could ruin their crops and bring diseases to livestock.

It cannot be unequivocally stated that a leap year is unlucky. Yes, there are more accidents all over the world. But this is explained quite simply: the statistics of incidents increase due to the fact that the leap year is one day longer. This is a logical explanation that is difficult to dispute. The number of months does not change, but one is added for the day during which an accident, car accident or death of a person can occur.

Superstitions and signs for a birthday - what can and cannot be given, how to make a wish correctly?

Signs

Many examples related to leap years have come down to us. The most controversial of them is the sign that a marriage entered into this year will not be happy for the young. This superstition didn't just happen. He has his own history. In ancient times, the leap year was called the "Year of brides." The girl could choose her betrothed and woo him. According to the rules, the groom could not refuse, even if he was in love with another girl. Marriages were not based on mutual love. Because of this, the relationship was not happy and strong. Therefore, there was a prejudice that this year it is undesirable to hold a wedding.

In Orthodoxy, this sign is skeptical. The wedding must be held according to the church calendar, to which the leap year has nothing to do. For Muslims, this year is not bad. There are no superstitions and superstitions in Islam.

People born in a leap year were ambiguously perceived by our ancestors. Someone believed that a baby had an unhappy fate from childhood. There is an opposite opinion, according to which the child is unique, different from other children. Happy awaits him successful life, in all endeavors he will be lucky.

People believed that a child whose birthday is February 29 is endowed with esoteric abilities. He was born for a reason, on earth he has a good and bright mission: to help others.

The Signs of Destiny cannot be ignored. If a person feels that he is endowed with a rare gift, he should use it for good purposes.

Prohibitions

There are many prohibitions that relate to people's lives. They all come down to the fact that you should not make big plans for a leap year. There is a high probability that they will not be implemented. What to avoid:

You can not start building a house, a bathhouse, a summer residence. It is believed that an accident can occur at a construction site, which will not allow the work to be completed.
Working with the earth is dangerous for humans. It is better not to plant new plants, as they may not take root and die.
Kasyan will jinx a person's undertakings if he tells someone about his plans. You can trust only the closest family member or friend whose thoughts are pure.
Ancestors advised to avoid a long journey. The journey will end badly and will not bring the expected result.
If there is a pet in the house, in no case should you give it to anyone. Together with him, wealth and good luck will leave the house.
Unfavorable period for starting your own business. Financial investments will not be successful, a person will lose a large amount.
The place of work should be changed only if a person is sure that he will be able to realize himself in a new position. Otherwise, he will face problems at work.
Women should not change their image. A new hairstyle and a change in hair color are in trouble. The fair sex will not be pleased with the changes that have taken place in her. She will feel stiff and tight for a while.

05.08.2017 18:25 878

We all know that a year is divided into 12 months. Each month has 30 or 31 days, except for February, which usually has 28 days. The total number of days in a year is 365. But every four years this figure changes, increasing to 366. In February, it becomes one more day, and we see the 29th number on the calendar. Why is this happening?

In 45 BC, astronomers from Alexandria compiled a calendar on the orders of the ancient Roman general Gaius Julius Caesar. In this calendar, the year consists of 365 days and 6 hours. Exactly during this period, the Earth goes all the way around the Sun. To make up for this difference of six hours, an extra day is added every 4 years in February.

Checking if a year is a leap year or not is very simple. It is necessary to divide its number by 4. The answer should be in the form of a number without a remainder.

Some people find the leap year difficult and unlucky. Where did this superstition come from? Fasting ended at the beginning of March, and in a leap year it increased by one day. Therefore, people thought that the year would be difficult. Another superstition was reinforced by the Kasyanov Day holiday, which is celebrated on February 29. According to one of the folk tales, Kasyan was an angel who knew a lot about what God was doing. But he turned out to be a traitor and told everything he knew to the demons. As punishment, he was beaten every three years on the forehead, and in the fourth year he was released to Earth. There he committed various atrocities. There is also a version that Kasyan was a saint. Violating the ban, he drank alcohol every 3 years, and finished on the fourth. Therefore, people believed that in a leap year you can’t do any important things, build a house, get married. But Orthodox Church denies all these superstitions, arguing that the leap year, according to statistics, does not differ from the usual.

A leap year occurs once every four years. But why then was 1904 a leap year, 1900 was not, and 2000 was again?

In a leap year, the Summer Olympics are held - where did this order come from? And why do we need any special "extended" years? How are they different from normal ones? Let's figure it out.

Who introduced leap years into the calendar?

Ancient Roman astronomers were well aware that a year on Earth lasts 365 days and a few more hours. Because of this, the calendar year, which then consisted of a constant number of days, did not coincide with the astronomical one. The surplus of hours gradually accumulated, turning into days. Calendar dates gradually shifted and deviated from natural phenomena like the equinoxes. A group of astronomers led by Sosigenes, who worked at the court of Julius Caesar, proposed to correct the calendar. According to the new chronology, every fourth year was extended by one day. This year is called bis sextus which in Latin means "second sixth" . In Russian, this word has been transformed into "leap year" That's what we call it to this day.

By order of Julius Caesar, a new calendar was introduced starting from the year 45 BC. After the death of the emperor, there was a failure in the calculation of leap years, and the countdown began again from the 8th year of our era. Therefore, in our time, even years are leap years.

It was decided to add a day to the last, shortest month of the year, which already "did not have enough days." IN Ancient Rome New Year was celebrated on March 1, so an extra 366th day was added to February. The new calendar began to be called "Julian" in honor of Caesar. By the way, the Orthodox and some other churches still live according to the Julian calendar - this is a tribute to tradition.

And again the calendar changes

Astronomical observations continued, the methods became more and more precise. Over time, astrologers realized that the duration of the earth's year is not 365 days and 6 hours, but a little less. (It is now known that a year lasts 365 days 5 hours 48 minutes and 46 seconds).

The use of the Julian chronology led to the fact that the calendar began to be late from the real flow of time. Astronomers have noticed that the vernal equinox comes much earlier than the day allotted to him according to the calendar, that is, March 21. There was a need to correct the calendar, which was done by decree of Pope Gregory XIII in 1582.

To compensate for the discrepancy, we decided to set leap years according to a new rule. It was necessary to reduce their number, which was done. From that moment on, all years divisible by 4, except those that are divisible by 100, are still considered leap years. For even more accurate chronology, years that are divisible by 400 are still considered leap years.

This is why 1900 (like 1700 and 1800) was not a leap year, but 2000 (like 1600) was.

The new calendar was named in honor of the Pope Gregorian - it is currently used by all countries of the world. The Julian calendar is used by Christian churches- including the Russian Orthodox Church.

Rule for determining leap years

So, leap years are determined by a simple algorithm:

If a year is divisible by 4 but not divisible by 100, it is a leap year;

If a year is divisible by 100, it is not considered a leap year;

If a year is divisible by 100 and also by 400, it is a leap year.

How is a leap year different from others?

Only one - it has 366 days, and an additional day is assigned to February. Despite the fact that the year now starts on January 1, which means that the last month of the year is December, we still give an extra day to February. He is the shortest - we will regret him!

And we will rejoice for those who were born on February 29 in a leap year. These "lucky ones" celebrate their birthday once every four years, which makes this event more long-awaited and desired than other people.

What happens in a leap year?

Leap years were chosen to host the main sporting event of mankind - the Olympics. Now, in leap years, only the Summer Games are held, and the Winter Games are held with a two-year shift. The sports community adheres to the oldest tradition, which was established by the first Olympians - the ancient Greeks.

It was they who decided that such a grandiose event should not take place too often - once every four years. The four-year cycle coincided with the alternation of leap years, so the modern Olympics began to be held in leap years.