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Announcement by the Soviet government of war Bulgaria (1944). Liberation of Romania, Bulgaria, Yugoslavia, Poland, Hungary, Czechoslovakia, Berlin Operation

In which the agency called on the Russian embassy not to support the "dubious thesis" that the USSR liberated Eastern Europe from Nazism. Bulgarian diplomats indicate that such a statement puts into a privileged position some political forces in the country, and therefore is an intervention in internal political debates.

Also in the document notes that Bulgaria does not in any case detract from the merit of the Soviet Union in the defeat of Nazism. But together with this, the statement speaks of "half-century repressions", which the Soviet army brought to the countries of Central and Eastern Europe. According to the department, because of this, civil consciousness of the people was suppressed, the economic development of the country was "deformed", and the very state itself turned out from the dynamics of the development processes of European countries.

The Bulgarian Foreign Ministry announced in connection with the exhibition in Sofia, dedicated to the 75th anniversary of Eastern Europe's liberation from Nazism scheduled for September 9. The exposition will be presented in the Russian Cultural Information Center.

1944 in Bulgaria meet the fighters of the Red Army. Photo: www.globallookpress.com.

Thus, another country is trying to impose responsibility for its current state at the "totalitarian regime" of the Soviet Union. Of course, such a position could not but cause bewilderment from our diplomats. Russian dipstream emphasized The discussed exhibition has nothing to do with the domestic political situation in Bulgaria, and its goal is only in providing the Bulgarian public to familiarize themselves with the materials from the Russian Fragrand. Also, the embassy was noted that such official statements made by the MFA Bulgarian are discouraged because they are made before familiarization with the materials of the exhibition.

From Turkish yoke, too, in vain freed?

At the time of writing the article of other comments from the Russian side has not been received. However, network users have already noted that Bulgaria falls after other countries sings under the Western Dudka. In particular, it expresses the opinion that during the period of time, which in Sofia was called "Soviet occupation", the country flourished, and now hears the ends meet, dumping everything in the USSR. Indeed, very comfortable.

Commentators note that Russophobian hysteria infects more and more countries, including those that we used to consider "fraternal." Her goal is to destroy the name of the Great and Honest Russian People, and then the people themselves. "This is the desire of Europe. All Catholic Europe grinds the teeth to Russia by the second millennium, "they write on the net.

"Not in vain Goebbels called Bulgarians in the 1938th" courageous people and our friends. " And we are about them all the "brothers, brothers". Nasty, "Prain Powder posted, recalling that Bulgaria was an ally of the Third Reich.

The fact that Bulgarians did not fight from the USSR and are proud to be not a single shot in our direction, this is a fact. But they nevertheless remain the accomplices of Nazism, as they took part in the battles for the Hitler coalition in other territories,

Also, Internet users suggested that both Turkish yoke, swaying throughout, "Bratyshek" were waged in vain.

The defeat of the German fascist troops under Yassy and Chisinau, the August uprising in Romania and the yield of the 3rd Ukrainian front on the Romanian-Bulgarian border had a huge impact on the inner and international situation of Bulgaria.

In the summer of 1944, the country experienced a deep economic and political crisis. German monopolists throughout the war mercilessly robbed the Bulgarian people. The national economy was exhausted. A significant part of the population was semi-wild existence. The Bulgarian government is only formally sovereign. In fact, it performed everything that dictated the Hitler's ambassador to Sofia. Gestapo controlled the local police and military institutions.

Bulgaria's patriots under the leadership of the Bulgarian Workers' Party (BRP) during the war strengthened the struggle for national and social liberation. By August 1944, 670 Committees of the Patriotic Front operated in the country. They spread their influence on most of the countries of the country, conducted an active political work. The well-organized people's liberation rebel army by the beginning of September 1944 numbered 1 division, 9 separate brigades, 37 detachments, several battalions and hundreds of combat groups. These forces included more than 30 thousand armed fighters. The rebels and combat groups relied on a huge army of assistants and shelters (so-called Yatakov) about 200 thousand people. The armed struggle in the country took a truly massive character. Only in June - July, there were 680 armed performances of rebels supported by the people. Partisan actions covered the increasing part of the country. Under the influence of the long-term work of the BRP in the army, many soldiers moved to the side of the partisans. At the beginning of September 1944, as directed by the PCP Central Committee, the main headquarters of the People's Liberation Rustic Army and the National Committee of the Domestic Front, rebel brigades and detachments began to establish national authorities in some parts of the country. So gradually in Bulgaria, an armed uprising was revolving.

The Anti-Public Government of Bulgaria severely pursued partisans. From the beginning of 1942 before the September uprising of 1944, over 64 thousand people were subjected to repression. The rebels carried considerable losses in battles with police and troops. But it did not weaken their struggle. Under the leadership of the BRP, the national liberation movement continued to be collapsed and fixed. The party numbered 25 thousand members, and its faithful assistant is a worker youth union - about 30 thousand. The head of the RPs stood outstanding figures of the International and Bulgarian labor movement of Dimitrov and V. Kolarov. In the fire of the struggle, such prominent figures of the party, like T. Livkov, S. Todorov and others were launched.

Formally, Bulgaria did not participate in the war against the USSR. The ruling circles did not dare to throw the army on the Soviet-German front: the sympathies of the people of Bulgaria were too large to the Russian people - the liberator from the Turkish yoke. But the reactionary Bulgarian government helped Germany to all than only could. The Hitler's command was used by airfields, marine ports, railways of this country for military purposes. Bulgarian troops carried the occupying service in Greece and Yugoslavia and thereby released German divisions for war against the USSR and its allies. In the spring and summer of 1944, the Soviet government has repeatedly appealed to the Government of Bulgaria with a proposal to break the Union with Germany and comply with neutrality. In response, the fascist Bulgarian Click undertook various maneuvers. One of these was the change of the government of Bozilov by the Government of Bagryanov, as opplishing.

After the events in Romania, on the initiative of the PCP Central Committee, the delegation of the National Committee of the Domestic Front demanded to convey power to the domestic front. The government demand has rejected, but, experiencing fear of the movement of the masses, on August 26, announced the full neutrality of Bulgaria. However, it was another deception. The hosts of the situation in the country remained the Nazis.

The ruling circles of Bulgaria, seeing the hopelessness of the position of Germany, were ready to replace the German occupation of Anglo-American, just to prevent the formation of the Government of the Patriotic Front. To establish a secret connection with Western powers, in August 1944 sent their authorized in Turkey. The British and Americans willingly entered the negotiations. But it was too late: Soviet troops approached the borders of Bulgaria, and the workers and peasants who led by the Bulgarian working party were preparing for an armed uprising.

On August 26, the Central Committee of the BRP sent a letter to party organizations about the overthrow of the Government of Bagryanov. For this, it was proposed to hold political strikes at the enterprises demanding to establish the government of the domestic front. Strikes were to grow into a universal political strike.

Bulgarians unanimously responded to the conscription of the party. The mass movement of the people began, which led to the fall of the Government of Bagryanov and the formation of the Government of Muraviyev. However, the situation has not changed. Muraviev made a declaration on the issues of internal and foreign policy, but it turned out to be a demagogic. In particular, he pledged to strictly observe the neutrality, and the remnants of the German troops left Romania continued to freely arrive in Bulgaria. In connection with the situation created by the Soviet government, on September 5 stated that "not only Bulgaria is in a state of war from the USSR, because in fact she was previously in a state of war from the USSR, but the Soviet Union will be in a state of war with Bulgaria from now on. As the subsequent events showed, this Soviet step contributed to the success of the popular uprising.

The political situation in Bulgaria has become increasingly gone. The prohibition of the Muravian activities of the Democratic Parties of the Patriotic Front was followed. Naturally, the Bulgarian people could not accept it. The revolutionary crisis, which was experienced by the country in the summer of 1944, the survey in the revolutionary situation. On September 7, when it became clear that the Red Army would join Bulgaria, the PSR Central Committee and the main headquarters of the People's Liberation Army identified the date of the uprising in Sofia - September 9.

The bid of the Supreme Commander ordered the troops of the 3rd Ukrainian Front and the Black Sea Fleet to start on September 8 fighting against Bulgaria, to come out on September 12 on the line Ruse, Palatitsa, Karno Bat, Burgas and here to suspend Promotion. The question of the further occurrence of the bet was to solve depending on the progress of the armed uprising of the Bulgarian people.

The Bulgarian army by that time had 22 divisions and 7 brigades with a total number of more than 510 thousand people. But the troops of the 3rd Ukrainian Front directly opposed 4 divisions and 2 brigades. Bulgaria had over 400 aircraft. In Varna and Burgas, over 80 ships of the German and Bulgarian fleets were concentrated.

The 3rd Ukrainian Front and the Black Sea Fleet had considerable forces capable of suppressing any resistance. The commander of the front, based on the stakes directive, put specific tasks in front of 46, 57, 37 and the 17th air armies, as well as the 7th and 4th Guards Mechkorps. The Black Sea Fleet was supposed to seize the air and landing landings in collaboration with the carcaros to master Varna and Burgas.

In party-political work, the focus was focused on clarifying the causes and goals of the war with Bulgaria. Politrans and agitators told fighters about the traditions of the friendship of the Bulgarian and Russian peoples, acquainted them with the political position in Bulgaria, with the heroic struggle of the Bulgarian Communists.

On September 8, the advanced Soviet rifle compounds entered Bulgaria. Then, overtaking them, rushed into the depths of the country mechanized housings. They promoted without meeting resistance. On September 9, the advanced parts, passing in two days 110-160 km, went to the specified line. The ships of the Black Sea Fleet, which interacted with terrestrial troops, entered the ports of Varna and Burgas. Bulgarian ships also did not oppose, and the entire German fleet on the orders of the Hitler's command turned out to be flooded. German sailors were captured.

On the evening of September 9, the rate ordered the 3rd Ukrainian front and the Black Sea Fleet to suspend further promotion.

On the territory of Bulgaria, Soviet troops did not lead any fighting and battles. Bulgarian operation resulted in a triumphal liberation campaign. The people have met the Red Army everywhere. In the villages, Soviet soldiers presented bread-salt. The inhabitants of the cities threw them with flowers, joined warm conversations with them. The Ambassador of the USSR in Sofia received many friendly telegrams from the workers and organizations of the country.

The introduction of the Red Army in Bulgaria was a powerful external factor that accelerated the National uprising. On September 6, a strike of workers factories and plants of Sofia began, rallies and demonstrations took place. The next day, the heroic pendant miners declared the heroic miners, on September 8, the workers of many enterprises of the country followed. Workers were universally released from prison political prisoners. In many cities and villages, the authorities of the Patriotic Front were established. By order of the main headquarters of the People's Liberation Army, rebel brigades and detachments were descended and occupied important points in militarily.

Armed uprising in Sofia began on the night of September 9. The rebel detachments arrested Regents (63), ministers and other representatives of the monarchist-fascist clique. The Bulgarian army did not resist, moreover, many of its compounds and parts joined the rebel. On the same day, the government of the Patriotic Front, headed by K. Georgiev, was formed. The country has created a new ratio of class forces. The power of workers and peasants was established under the leading role of the working class headed by the Bulgarian Workers Party (Communists) (64).

The new government immediately began to implement the Program of the Patriotic Front. It announced a war of fascist Germany and its last satellite - Hortiet Hungary, dissolved the parliament, the police, took the cleaning of the state apparatus and restructuring the army, forbid fascist organizations. The country created a folk militia. Bulgarian troops were evacuated from Greece and the southeastern regions of Yugoslavia.

The focus of the BRP (K) was to ensure the all-time participation of the army in the war against Germany. The acting Bulgarian army passed into the prompt subordination of the commander of the 3rd Ukrainian Front. On the territory of Yugoslavia, Hungary and Austria, along with the Soviet troops, about 300 thousand Bulgarian warriors fought for seven-eight months. 32 thousand of them died, were injured, disappeared.

So, the entry of Soviet troops in Bulgaria helped her people to take power into their hands, to bring the country from an unfair war, to take part in the completion of the defeat of Hitler's Germany and to begin construction of a peace-democratic state. There were favorable conditions for the free development of class struggle, which led to the consolidation of a new building. Staying in the country of Soviet troops, the actions of the Bulgarian reaction and its foreign inspirations.

The liberation of the Bulgarian people is a brilliant example of a skillful combination of the actions of the Red Army with the national liberation, anti-fascist struggle, which took place under the leadership of the BRP (K) in a popular uprising. "The victory of September 9," was noted in the appeal of the Central Committee of the Bulgarian Communist Party to the Bulgarian people on the occasion of the 20th anniversary of the Socialist Revolution in Bulgaria, "was conquered with the decisive assistance of the Soviet Army - the liberator of the peoples from the fascist tyranny."

In the photo Konshin Trofim Aleksandrovich (my dad) with comrades.

The campaign of Soviet troops in Bulgaria in 1944 liberation from the Germans
Bulgaria's liberation.

In the summer of 1944, the situation in Bulgaria was characterized by the presence of a deep crisis. Although this country did not participate in the war against the USSR, but in fact its ruling circles fully gave themselves to the service of Hitler's Germany. Do not risking openly declare war to the Soviet Union Bulgarian government in everything helped by the Third Reich. Hitler's Wehrmacht used airfields in Bulgaria, seaports, railways. Having released German-fascist divisions for armed struggle against the countries of the Anti-Hitler Coalition, primarily against the USSR, the German rulers forced the Bulgarian troops to carry the occupying service in Greece and Yugoslavia. German monopolists robbed the national riches of Bulgaria, and its national economy was ruined. The living level of the majority of the country's population has steadily decreased. All the ego was the result of the actual occupation of the country by the Nazis.

The onset of the Red Army brought the end of the domination of the Bulgarian profascular regime. In the spring and summer of 1944, the Soviet government offered the Government of Bulgaria to break the union with Germany and to actually comply with neutrality. Soviet troops were already suitable for the Romanian-Bulgarian border. The Government of Bagryanov has announced full neutrality on August 26. But this step was fraudulent, designed to win a time. Nazis, as before, retained their dominant positions in the country. The development of events at the same time showed that fascist Germany steadily and quickly moves to a catastrophe. Mass political movement covered the whole country. The Government of Bagryanov was forced to resign on September 1. However, the Government of Muraviyiv, who came to replace him, continued to continue the previous policy, masking it with declarative statements about the strict neutrality in the war, but without taking anything against the German-fascist troops who were in Bulgaria. The Soviet government, based on the fact that Bulgaria has long been practically in a state of war from the USSR, on September 5, it stated that the Soviet Union would be in a state of war with Bulgaria.

On September 8, the troops of the 3rd Ukrainian Front entered the territory of Bulgaria. The troops did not meet resistance and in the first two days were 110 km away. The ships of the Black Sea Fleet entered the ports of Varna and Burgas. On the evening of September 9, the troops of the 3rd Ukrainian Front suspended further promotion.

On the night of September 9, a national liberation rebellion rose in Sofia. Many compounds and parts of the Bulgarian army stood on the side of the rebel people. The fascist click was overthrown, members of the Regent Council B. Filov, N. Mikhov and Prince Kiril, ministers and other representatives of the hated people of the authorities were arrested. Power in the country passed into the hands of the government of the Patriotic Front. September 16, Soviet troops joined the capital of Bulgaria.

The government of the Patriotic Front, headed by K. Georgiev, took measures to move Bulgaria to the direction of the anti-Hitler coalition and the country's entry into the war against Nazi Germany. Bulgarian parliament, the police and fascist organizations were dissolved. The state apparatus was released from the reaction and fascism. Created folk militia. The democratization of the army was carried out and the transformation into a folk revolutionary anti-fascist army. In October 1944, the Government of the USSR, the United States and England concluded a truce with Bulgaria in Moscow. In the battles against Hitler's Wehrmacht on the territory of Yugoslavia and Hungary, about 200 thousand Bulgarian warriors took part with the Soviet troops.

During the fighting in Romania, the Soviet troops came to the rescue and the brotherly Bulgarian people who jerked for their liberation.

The ruling monarchofascist circles of Bulgaria contrary to the will of the workers drawn the country into a criminal fascist block. The struggle of the masses for the exit from this block was becoming increasingly decisive. By the end of August 1944, a deep political crisis caused by a number of internal and external reasons was called in the country. Bulgarian's unceremonious robbery Hitlerovsky Reach led to a sharp reduction in the volume of its industrial and agricultural production. Most of the state budget went to the military needs of Germany and on the content of the inner punitive apparatus. In 1944, the expenses of the Military Ministry of Bulgaria exceeded the level of 1939 at 7 times and accounted for 43.8 percent of all budget expenditures of the country (265). During the same years, prices for the essential items increased by 254 percent, and in the black market - at 3 - 10 times (266).

The plight of workers, peasants and minor employees extremely aggravated class contradictions. Bulgarian patriots on the call of the Communists fought with weapons in their hands against hateful fascism. By the summer of 1944, the flame of an armed partisan struggle, the organizers and the leaders of which were the Communists gone in Bulgaria. Thousands of new fighters replenished the ranks of the People's Liberation Rebel Army (NOPA). She strengthened and organizationally. In early September 1944, it included: 1 division, 9 separate brigades, 37 detachments, several battalions and hundreds of combat groups (267). Partisan forces made up more than 30 thousand armed fighters. Nopa had a 200-thousandth army of shelters and assistants - Yatakov, which were in almost every settlement and were on a legal position.


Landing landing by the boats of the Baltic Fleet. Autumn 1944

The victories of the Soviet Army, especially the defeat of the Army Group "South Ukraine" in the Sassene-Chishery operation, inspired the Bulgarian workers in their struggle, instilled in them the hope of the early liberation of Bulgaria by the Soviet troops from the monarchifshi yoke.

As a result of the defeats of the German fascist troops on the Soviet-German front and strengthening the struggle of Bulgarian workers over the monarchist-fascist regime, a serious threat was hung. For the sake of his salvation, the ruling circles of the country took a new permutation of their leaders. The permission of the political crisis they laid on I. Bagryanov - a major landowner, a former officer, awarded by German orders. From the approval of Berlin on June 1, 1944, he headed the new government. The Bagryanov assured Hitler that his government will fulfill all the obligations of Bulgaria in front of Germany, will increase the military deposit and finish with the partisan movement (268).

Helply fulfilling his promise, the Bulgarian government threw the significant forces of the regular army against partisans. On July 23, at the Meeting of the Head of Government with Regent, it was decided to unlimited involvement of troops for the fight against the liberation movement (269). The General Staff planned for August, large operations of regular troops against the NOP parts (270). This act, the monarchifshi regime sought to ensure a steady position in the rear of the Hitler's army and prevent the entry of Soviet troops to Bulgaria.

The Central Committee of the Bulgarian Workers' Party (BRP) and the Nopa command crushed the intentions of the government. Partisan detachments and brigades, not interference in open battles with parts of regular troops, broke through the blockade and reached new areas. To facilitate their struggle, the Communists organized mass performances of workers in Sofia, Gabrovo, Pernik, Plovdiv and other places during this period. The reaction was forced to retreat.

In an effort to disguise his genuine, anti-people essence, the Government of Bagryanov in June 1944, hypocritically stated that it was ready to eliminate everything that Bulgarian-Soviet relations could overshadow (271). In fact, it continued to actively help the fascist Germany. Ports, airfields, railways, communications and material resources Bulgaria were increasingly used by Nazis in the war against the USSR. The remains of the fascist troops crushed in Romania left to the Bulgarian territory. Only on August 28, through the Romanian-Bulgarian border in Dobrudget, 16 thousand Germans (272) were deployed under the cover of the Bulgarian "neutrality". German combat ships and transport vessels were relocated to Bulgarian ports.

On August 26, the Government of Bagryanov said that Bulgaria, observing the full neutrality, will disarm the German troops, which will enter its territory. However, it turned out to be another deception of the Bulgarian people and a new attempt to mislead the Soviet government. In reality, on the second day, the Bulgarian General Headquarters from the knowledge of the government officially clarified with the German command of the unobstructed waste of German troops from Bulgaria (273). Also, the commander of the Bulgarian Black Sea Fleet, who did not make any actions against the German ships were in the Bulgarian ports.

Without glowing with Hitler's Germany, Bulgarian ruling circles also supported contact with English-American diplomats installed at the end of 1943. Now these contacts have taken the form of official negotiations, which continued until early September 1944, Bulgarian monarchifshi pinned great hopes on them. The fear of his people and the entry into the Soviet Army to Bulgaria, they agreed to the occupation of the country by the Anglo-American troops.

The true essence of the government's policies was reflected in the secret report of Bagryanov Regency Cyril on August 31, 1944. The head of government recommended "until the last moment to bet on Germany," believing that contradictions in the anti-Hitler coalition will ultimately lead to the Victory Reich. In the case of the defeat of Hitlerians, Bagryanov advised to continue hostile policy against the USSR and do everything to prevent the entry of Soviet troops to the Bulgarian Earth. At the same time, he believed that it was necessary to continue to negotiate with representatives of England and the United States and to try to overtake more, to all the means to preserve the royal throne and in no case to prevent the "Bolshevization" of the country (274).

The Bulgarian working party actively and consistently exposed the anti-people essence of the Bagryanov government policy. An article was important in this, Georgy Dimitrov, transmitted on June 5 by the radio station. Hristo Boteva. It said that "the rulers of Bulgaria against the will of the Bulgarian people conduct an anti-people, pro-person politics, which, despite the interests of the country and to the detriment of her future, they passed the country in the hands of Nazis and thereby pushing Bulgaria to the new terrible national catastrophe" (275).

Further aggravation of the political crisis in Bulgaria led to the resignation of the Government of Bagryanov and formation on September 2, 1944, the new government headed by K. Muraviev is one of the right leaders of the Bulgarian Agricultural People's Union (BZNS). Bourgeois historians are now trying to prove that this government pursued democratic goals. So, in particular, the English historian R. Li Walf believes that Muraviev "freed all the political prisoners and all prisoners of war of allies, dismissed the political police and declared war in Germany" (276). However, he silent that all these decisions, including the formal announcement of September 8 of the war of Germany, Muraviev was only declared to deceive the people, and none of them essentially did not work in life. His government did not allow the left political parties to get out of the underground, did not allow freedom of speech and press. Proclaiming a guarantee of democratic rights, Muraviev at the same time gave an order about the execution of a peaceful demonstration in Sofia. It was quite obvious that the new bourgeois government of the country adheres to the old political course and also cannot solve the urgent indigenous questions of internal and foreign policy.

The exacerbation of the internal political crisis in Bulgaria contributed to the beginning of September 1944 the main forces of the 3rd Ukrainian front at the Romanian-Bulgarian border on the plot from Giurgiu to Manglia. The actions of the Soviet troops in the seaside direction were provided by the Black Sea Fleet and Danube Military Flotilla. The troops of the 2nd Ukrainian Front, pursuing the outgoing opponent, on September 6, came to the Romanian-Yugoslav border in the area of \u200b\u200bTurna-Severin and isolated from Bulgaria those fascist compounds that were fighting in the eastern Carpathians and Transylvania.

During the war, the Soviet Union, whose peoples always focused on the feelings of deep friendship to the brotherly Bulgarian people, did everything to encourage the rulers of Bulgaria to stop the help of Hitler's Germany, terminate the Union with her, go to the side of the anti-Hitler coalition and thereby facilitate the country's fate in the post-war peaceful settlement . In 1944, the Soviet government continued to expose the criminal collusion of Bulgaria monarchifascious circles with Hitler's Germany.

The pro-grand policy of Bulgaria's foreign policy has not changed with the approach of the Soviet army to its borders. Not anything new to its foreign policy and the Declaration of the Government of Muraviev, published on September 4th, did not contribute. Having exhausted all the peaceful means of impact on the monarchifshi clique, the Soviet government took a more radical step. On September 5, the Bulgarian Messenger in Moscow I. Stamahangeov was awarded a note in which it was indicated that

"The Soviet government does not further consider it possible to maintain relations with Bulgaria, tears all kinds of relations with Bulgaria and declares that not only Bulgaria is in a state of war from the USSR, because in fact she has previously been in a state of war from the USSR, but also the Soviet Union will be To be in a state of war with Bulgaria "(277).

Announcement of the Soviet Union of War, the fascist government of Bulgaria did not cause any damage to the interests of the Bulgarian people. On the contrary, it was the decisive condition for his release. Bulgarian patriots correctly understood this act of the USSR and were looking forward to the day when Soviet warriors will enter into their land so that in close community with them to achieve freedom and independence for their homeland. "We are waiting for you, brothers-redarmeys ... - was stated in the appeal of the main headquarters of Nopa to the Soviet troops, which came out to the Bulgarian border. - Your proximity and our will to combat oppressors of the people are a guarantee that Bulgaria will be free, independent and democratic. Long live the Red Army! " (278)

With the announcement by the Soviet Union of War Bulgaria, United States and England were forced to stop political negotiations with its representatives. On September 6, the Bulgarian delegation in Cairo was reported that in the future they can be conducted only with the participation of the USSR (279).

The strategic situation on the southern wing of the Soviet-German front allowed the 3rd Ukrainian Front in a short time to prepare and implement the operation on the liberation of Bulgaria. With the defeat of the troupe of the armies South Ukraine, the defense of the enemy in Romania collapsed, and the German-fascist troops operating in Yugoslavia, Albania and Greece were isolated from the Carpathian-Transylvanian group, defended in the north-western part of Romania and in Hungary. The Soviet Navy dominated the Black Sea until the coast of Bulgaria. Soviet aviation dominated the air. In the Yugoslav territory, the active combat activities were led by the People's Liberation Army of Yugoslavia (Noah). Under these conditions, the Bulgarian monarchifshi began to understand that they cannot count on military support for Hitler's Germany.

When planning and preparing the operation of the Soviet troops in Bulgaria, the position of this country as the satellite of fascist Germany and the internal political situation in it was taken into account. Commander of the 3rd Ukrainian Front, General F. I. Tolbukhin and member of the Military Council General A. S. Yolovte at the end of July 1944. After discussion and approval at the rate of VGC, the Sassene-Chisheven Operation Plan received extensive information about the situation in Dimitrov Bulgaria. On September 5, on the instructions of the leadership of the 10th (Varna) rebel operational zone (pos), representatives of the Bulgarian partisans arrived at the headquarters of the front headquarters. They talked in detail about the situation in the seaside part of Bulgaria (280). Valuable information The Front Military Council also received from the Marshal of the Soviet Union. The leader of the Bulgarian Communists informed additional data and stressed that the Bulgarian people are looking forward to the Soviet army in order to overthrow the monarchist government and establish the power of the domestic front (281).

Taking into account the favorable situation in Bulgaria as a whole, the Soviet command at the same time could not take into account the possibility of resisting some parts of its royal army, which by the beginning of September had in its composition 22 divisions and 7 brigades with a total number of more than 510 thousand people (282) . Part of these forces opposed the troops of the 3rd Ukrainian Front. In the Black Sea ports of Varna, Burgas and in the Danube port Ruse (Rushchuk) there were German and Bulgarian warships. Nine Bulgarian divisions and two cavalry brigades were located in Yugoslavia and Greece. When the removal of these divisions began in Bulgaria, the Hitler's troops were treacherously attacked them and disarmed some parts. The management of them was lost. The remaining divisions and brigades were in areas of South Vidine, Sofia and Plovdiv.

In the capital of Bulgaria and major cities (Varna, Burgas, Stara-Zagora, Plovdiv) were stationed by German parts, part of the marines and coastal artillery, various teams, numerous military missions with service staff and security. They controlled Bulgarian airfields, seaports and important railway units. There were also all sorts of headquarters and bases, barracks were built, designed to accommodate new contingents of German troops in the event of their introduction to the territory of Bulgaria. The total number of German-fascist troops in Bulgaria, taking into account the units who left Romania at the end of August 1944, reached 30 thousand people.

The German fascist command was still sought to preserve their position in Bulgaria. It was guided by the instructions of Hitler, which on July 31, 1944 in a conversation with General A. Yoodall, said that "without Bulgaria, we are almost completely unable to provide peace of the Balkans" (283). At the end of August, the German ambassador to Bulgaria A. Becterle said Regent that German troops do not intend to leave Bulgaria in the near future (284). The leadership of the Fascist Germany was hatched the plans for the organization of the state coup in Bulgaria and coming to power as the head of the government of the leader of the Bulgarian Fascists A. Tsangkov, intended to transfer German troops from Yugoslavia to Bulgaria (285).

On September 5, on the day of the announcement of the war of Bulgaria, the Bulgarian Supreme Command Commission approved the Bulgarian Operation Plan, developed by the Military Council of the 3rd Ukrainian Front, with the participation of the representative of the Marshal Soviet Union. Zhukov. The plan of the operation was to bring Bulgaria from the war on the side of fascist Germany and to assist the Bulgarian people in liberation from the monarchistan yoke. During her front troops, Giurgiu, Karnobat, Burgas, to master the ports of Varna and Burgas, seize the fleet of the opponent and release the seaside part of Bulgaria. Their promotion was planned to a depth of 210 km (286).

The command of the 3rd Ukrainian Front determined the directions of the actions of the troops, the specific timing of achieving the planned borders, organized the interaction of the ground forces, aviation and the Black Sea Fleet.

On September 5, the front had about 258 thousand people, 5583 guns and mortars, 508 tanks and sau, 1026 combat aircraft (287). For action in the southern part of Dobrudji in the direction of Aytos, Burgas focused on all his strength (28 rifle divisions, 2 mechanized buildings and the 17th air army). To support the offensive in this direction, three assault air trafficities of the 2nd Ukrainian Front (288) were also attracted. The task of the 17th air army was to ensure effective support for the upcoming land forces.

The Black Sea Fleet had to block Varna and Burgas, with the approach of the moving troops of the front to plant a naval landing and together with them to seize these ports (289). Danube military flotilla, transferred on August 30 into prompt subordination of the commander of the 3rd Ukrainian front, was to seize on the Danube in the port area of \u200b\u200bRuse all the counterparts of the enemy, cover the actions of the ground troops from possible blows of his ships and in cooperation with the 46th army to master the port of Ruse (290).

When planning the operation of mastering the seaside part of Bulgaria, the Soviet command believed that the central and western part of the country, including the Sofia district, could be released by the rebel troops and revolutionary work units.

The lack of pre-prepared defense, the low density of opposing Bulgarian troops and almost complete confidence of the Soviet command is that they will not have resistance, allowed not planning artillery and aviation training. It was decided to begin the offensive by the advancement in the columns of advanced moving units (one by one of the first echelon's small-hander case), after them, after an hour, put forward the avant-garde shelves of the divisions of the first echelon enclosures, and then the main forces of all three combined army.

The front command attached particular importance to the rapid liberation of Varna and Burgas, as this deprived the opponent of the last bases on the Black Sea and inevitably led to the death of his fleet. The decisive offensive of the troops of the 3rd Ukrainian Front was to cause panic and confusion among the ruling circles of Bulgaria and to appear the signal to start a national armed uprising.

Before joining Bulgaria in the front of the front, active party-political work was deployed on the ships of the Black Sea Fleet and the Danube military flotilla in accordance with the Directive of the Main Political Department of the Red Army dated July 19, 1944. Soldiers and officers were acquainted with the history of Bulgaria, its culture and customs . Commanders and political workers clarified the warriors the reactionary nature of the Bulgarian government policy and emphasized the importance of manifestation of truly friendly, fraternal feelings to the Bulgarian people, deep respect for his national liberation struggle. Particular attention was paid to the familiarization of the personnel with the traditions of the friendship of Russian and Bulgarian peoples, historically established for centuries, and especially in the Russian-Turkish war, 1877-1878, as a result of cooperation between the revolutionary democrats of Russia and Bulgaria, the participation of Bulgarian internationalists in the defense of Soviet power During the Civil War and Foreign Military Intervention in the USSR.

The commander of the 3rd Ukrainian front on September 7, 1944 turned to the appeal to the Bulgarian people and the Bulgarian army. It said: "The Red Army has no intention to fight with the Bulgarian people and his army, as she considers the Bulgarian people by the fraternal people. The Red Army has one task - to divide the Germans and speed up the term of the offensive of the universal world "(291). In a memo, the soldiers published by the Military Council of the Front, described the centuries-old friendship of the Bulgarian and Russian peoples and the debt of the Soviet warrior, entering the Bulgarian Earth (292).

On September 8 at 11 o'clock in the morning the troops of the 3rd Ukrainian Front switched to the Romanian-Bulgarian border with advanced detachments, and a half hour later - and the main forces. Without a single shot, they rapidly moved along their routes in the south-west direction. Part of the 34th Guards Rifle Division under the command of General I. A. Maximovich, the 73rd Guards Rifle division of General S. A. Kozak, the 353rd rifle division of Colonel P. I. Kuznetsova and the 244th rifle Division Colonel G. I. Kolyady. It was not half an hour as the headquarters began to receive reports of an enthusiastic meeting of the Soviet troops by the Bulgarian people and the army. According to the data of the 37th Army, in the strip of its promotion only on the first day, September 8, there were 27 mass rates of the population dedicated to the meeting of the Soviet Army. They were attended by more than 80 thousand people.

The first reports of regiments and divisions did not leave doubts that the Bulgarian army would not resist Soviet troops. She joined his people. The soldiers of the Bulgarian army happily met Soviet soldiers. Given this, the Supreme Commander I. V. Stalin gave an indication of the Bulgarian troops not to disarm. This act, the Soviet command expressed complete confidence in the people and the army of Bulgaria. To the outcome of the first day of operation, the movable troops of the front advanced to 70 km and went on Ruse, Varna. At dawn on September 8, the main forces of the marine landing were landed in the port of Varna, and at 13 o'clock in the port of Burgas - a detachment of about 400 people. In front of this, a kid (293) was thrown in Burgas.

On September 8, the bid of the Supreme Commander clarified the task of the front of the front, ordered the next day to move towards Burgas and Aytos, to master them and go to the line Ruse, Razgrad, Targovishte, Karnobat. Performing this task, mobile connections on September 9th advanced to 120 km.

On the same day, the troops flew away the joyful news about the victory of the armed uprising of the Bulgarian people and the coming to the government of the Government of the Patriotic Front, which appealed to the Soviet government asking for a truce. In connection with these essential events, the Supreme Commanding rate on September 9 at 19 o'clock sent a new directive to the front of the front. It said: "In view of the fact that the Bulgarian government has broken relations with the Germans, declared the war of Germany and asks the Soviet government to start negotiations on the truce, the Supreme Commandment rate according to the instructions of the State Committee of Defense orders 21 hours on September 9 to complete the operation on the occupation of the settlement plan and from 22 hours on September 9th. G. Stop Military Actions in Bulgaria, firmly entrusted in that strip of Bulgaria, which is busy with our troops "(294). On September 9, the Supreme Commander signed an order in which it was indicated: "Operations of our troops in Bulgaria were started because the Bulgarian government did not want to break his relations with Germany and gave the shelter to the German armed forces in Bulgaria.

As a result of successful actions of our troops, the goal of military operations was achieved: Bulgaria ruined relations with Germany and declared war. Thus, Bulgaria ceased to be a support of German imperialism in the Balkans, which was for the last thirty years "(295).

The output of Bulgaria from the Nazi Blok and the announcement of the German war, the Anti-Break shares of the Hitler's command were called. According to his order, the concentration of German troops on the Yugoslav-Bulgarian border began. North-Western areas of Bulgaria, and especially the Sofia district, were not protected from possible strikes of the ground troops and aviation of Nazis. The possibility of invasion of Bulgaria under any pretext of the Turkish troops from Eastern Thrace was also not excluded. The Soviet troops stopped at 300 km from Sofia and 360 to 400 km from Bulgarian-Yugoslav border. In this situation, the government of the domestic front and the leadership of the BRP (K) (296) were seriously concerned about the outer danger over the country. On the evening of September 9, Dimitrov appealed to the Soviet command to accept the authorized delegation of the Government of the Patriotic Front in the headquarters of the 3rd Ukrainian Front. On the same day, the Council of Ministers of Bulgaria approved the composition of the delegation, which was to "consider the conditions of the truce and the restoration of diplomatic relations with the Soviet Union, to begin cooperation between the Soviet and Bulgarian troops in the exile of the enemy with the Balkans (297).

On September 10, the Commander of the front General F. I. Tolbukhin adopted a delegation headed by a member of the Politburo of the PRP Central Committee (K) D. Ganev. She informed the command of the front of the armed uprising, the political platform of the Government of the Russian Front and his desire to make a truce with the countries of the anti-Hitler coalition as soon as possible. The delegation stated: "Now we need to coordinate our actions with you, since the tasks of both armies have become identical. It is very desirable that you send to us your representative to coordinate actions. Now the Germans concentrate their troops from the north-west of Sofia (Niche, Bela-Palanka) ... Undoubtedly, they prepare an offensive in Sofia. In this regard, your help is extremely necessary, and especially aviation "(298).

The request of the Government of the Patriotic Front, the Soviet side has satisfied immediately. On September 13, the bid of the Supreme Commander gave an indication to send to Sofia headquarters of the 3rd Ukrainian Front of General S. S. Biryuzov to lead the actions of the Soviet troops and organizing cooperation with the Bulgarian army through the General Staff of Bulgaria. At the same time, the bet ordered one rifle body to the area of \u200b\u200bSofia and to relocate the part of the forces of the 17th air army there. They had to prevent the invasion of the Bulgaria of the German-fascist troops from Greece and Yugoslavia, to support the actions of the Bulgarian parts and cover Sofia from the air.

On September 15, Soviet troops, enthusiastically encountered by the population, joined Sofia. Two aviation divisions were remarked here. They conducted reconnaissance and applied strikes on the Communications of Nazis in Yugoslavia, thereby putting the beginning of the combat community of Soviet and Bulgarian warriors during the Second World War. On September 17, the Bulgarian troops who had to lead the fighting at the front against the Nazis, by decision of the Government of the Patriotic Front, were promptly subordinated to the command of the 3rd Ukrainian Front.

By mid-September, the main forces of the Soviet troops, who entered Bulgaria were located in the eastern part of the country (299). Meanwhile, the German fascist command from threats to Bulgaria passed to active actions. On September 12, the Nazis captured the city of Kula, 35 km south-west of Viddy. Therefore, on September 20, the bid of the Supreme Commander decided to transfer the troops of the 3rd Ukrainian Front to the Western and Southern Districts of the country. The troops of the 57th Army, having completed a 500-kilometer march, by the end of September, under the cover from the air of Soviet aviation, entered Bulgarian-Yugoslav border. The 37th Army and the 4th Guards Mechanized Corps by that time were concentrated in the areas of Kazanlyk, Nova Zagora, Yambol. It reliably provided the left wing of the Soviet troops and the safety of the southern regions of Bulgaria.

During the liberation hike of the troops of the 3rd Ukrainian Front in Bulgaria among the warriors, party-political work was actively conducted. It was aimed at ensuring combat missions and strengthen the ultrasound friendship of Soviet soldiers with the workers of the country. It was widely used, in particular, conversations for monuments of combat fame of Russian warriors in the Bulgarian Earth. They were held in the cities of Svishtov, Pleven, at the monument to the heroes of the chip and other places. In the graves of Russian soldiers, the divisions were a solemn march with unfolded banners. Politorganans also organized meetings of warriors with Bulgarian citizens - participants and witnesses of the Russian-Turkish war of 1877 - 1878.

The actions of the troops of the 3rd Ukrainian Front, the ships of the Black Sea Fleet and the Danube military flotilla, with whom the Armed National Rebellion of September 9 merged, played a decisive role in the liberation of Bulgaria. Hitlerians could no longer use the economy of Bulgaria and dispose of its armed forces. The liberation of the Bulgarian ports led to the complete domination of the Soviet fleet on the Black Sea. The strategic position of the German-fascist groups of the army "F" and "E", whose communications were under the blows of Soviet troops deteriorated.

With the liberation of Bulgaria and the release of Soviet troops on the border with Yugoslavia, more favorable conditions were created to defeat the German fascist troops in Yugoslavia, Greece and Albania. The real possibility of creating a single front of the hostilities of the Soviet Army, the People's Liberation Army of Yugoslavia and the Bulgarian People's Army appeared.

A characteristic feature of the liberation campaign carried out in favorable political conditions in Bulgaria was the fact that he was not conjugate with the conduct of hostilities. Although for some time "our countries are formally in a state of war," said the prominent worker of the Bulgarian working party V. Kola-Kov - but during this time there was not a single shot, there was not a single killed or wounded " (300). Meanwhile, contrary to obvious facts and irrefutable documents, the bourgeois falsifiers of history are trying to defend the noble mission of the Soviet troops in Bulgaria. Thus, the American historian E. Winter in the book "From Stalingrad to Berlin", the Soviet army has violated the sovereignty of this country in Bulgaria, which she entered its territory after Bulgaria broke with Germany (301). Bulgarian monarchifshi really did not want to admit the Soviet soldiers-liberators to Bulgarian land, the facilitates of fascist Germany remained to the end, providing her all the resources of the country for war against the USSR. But other were the feelings of the Bulgarian people. Connecting parts and compounds and numerous front-line print materials for those days abound with vivid examples of an exceptionally welcoming meeting of Soviet soldiers by the people and army of Bulgaria. So, in the report of the head of the 67th Army of Colonel, G. K. Zinyev, it was said that the Bulgarian population met Soviet warriors in the old Russian custom - bread-salt. Bulgarians endured and treated fighters with watermelons, grapes, were invited to the house, to the table and rest. Residents strongly tried to help liberators in their further promotion, offered their own transport (302).

The Soviet army adequately fulfilled its international debt to Bulgarian workers. Her historical merit is that she defended the country from the new occupation by the troops of the imperialists. Without the help of the Soviet Army, the city of Dimitrov was indicated, without its presence during the famous time in the Bulgarian land, Bulgaria would have fallen into no more slavery; "Bulgaria would have been occupied by foreign hostile troops with all the consequences of the consequences from here for its present and future ... The Bulgarian people considered the Soviet troops who had to remain in virtue of the armistice agreement, not as invaders, but as expensive guests and patrons. . When Soviet troops left our country, the people parted with them with a sense of deep love and appreciation "(303).

Bulgarian surgery (September 5-9, 1944) - military operation of the Armed Forces of the USSR against the troops of Germany and Bulgaria during the Great Patriotic War. During the operation, there was no resistance to the Soviet troops.

1 prehistory
2 forces of Party
3 course of operation
4 Results
5 Notes
6 literature

Prehistory

The defeat of the German-Romanian troops under Yassas and Chisinau, the liberation of Romania and the yield of the 3rd Ukrainian front to the Romanian-Bulgarian border had a huge impact on the inner and international situation of Bulgaria.

In the summer of 1944, the country experienced a deep economic and political crisis. The national economy turned out to be exhausted. A significant part of the population was semi-wild existence.

Formally, Bulgaria did not participate in the war against the USSR due to the fact that the great Bulgarian sympathy for Russians as liberators from Turkish yoke. But German troops used airfields, seaports, railways of this country for military purposes. Bulgarian troops carried the occupying service in Greece and Yugoslavia and thereby released German divisions for war against the USSR.

In the spring and summer, 1944, the Soviet government has repeatedly appealed to the Government of Bulgaria with a proposal to break the union with Germany and comply with neutrality.

So, on May 18, 1944, the USSR government demanded that the Government of Bulgaria stop providing assistance to the German army.
On August 12, 1944, the USSR government re-demanded from the Government of Bulgaria to stop providing assistance to the German army.

In response, the Bulgarian government circles took various maneuvers. One of them in June 1944 was the change of the Government of Bozilov by the government of I. Bagryanov, just as Piercenetsky. Then, on September 2, 1944, the Government of Bagryanov was sent to resign and the government of K. Mararavieva was formed instead.

On August 26, 1944, the Bagryanov government announced the full neutrality of Bulgaria and demanded the withdrawal of German troops from the country. At the same time, the Government of Bagryanov did not take action to prevent the passage of retreating German troops through the territory of Bulgaria.

On the same day, on August 26, 1944, the command of German troops in Bulgaria gave an order to reorganize all German military units in six combat groups (in Varna, Ruse, Plovdiv, Sofia, Vidin and Dupnice) and bringing them into combat readiness "in case of anti-minetting performances in Bulgaria. "

German troops receded from Romania from the territory of Bulgaria with technology and weapons, continued to move along the territory of Bulgaria and passed to the territory of Yugoslavia;
23 German vessel arrived in the port of Ruse, but the Government of Bulgaria did not make any measures to interview them;
In the period from August 26 to August 30, 1944, without meeting the opposition from the Government of Bulgaria, the Germans flooded 74 warships, which were in Bulgarian ports (7 submarines, 32 Museum, 4 large military transport, 26 landing bargains, etc.)

As as of September 5, 1944, there were 30 thousand German servicemen on the territory of Bulgaria, the USSR government on September 5 regarded the activities of the Muraviyev government as a continuation of the foreign policy of the Bagryanov government (despite the neutrality statement) and announced that he was in a state of war with Bulgaria.
Forces side

As of September 5, 1944, the total number of the Bulgarian army was 510 thousand people: 26 divisions and 7 brigades. But only 4 divisions and 2 brigades were opposed to the troops of the 3rd Ukrainian Front. Bulgaria had over 250 aircraft.

By the beginning of September 1944, 80 combat and subsidiary ships were numbered as part of the naval forces of Bulgaria; In addition, the ships of the German navy were in the ports of Varna and Burgas.

The 3rd Ukrainian Front and the Black Sea Fleet had considerable forces capable of suppressing any resistance. The commander of the front, based on the stakes directive, put specific tasks in front of the 46th, 57th, 37th and 17th air armies, as well as the 7th and 4th Guards mechorcouss. The Black Sea Fleet was supposed to seize the air and landing landings in collaboration with the carcaros to master Varna and Burgas.
Course of operation

On September 5, the Soviet troops of the 3rd Ukrainian Front in cooperation with the Black Sea Fleet came to the Romanian-Bulgarian border in Dobrudj.

The political situation in Bulgaria has increasingly gone. The prohibition of the Muravian activities of the Democratic Parties of the Patriotic Front was followed. On September 7, when it became clear that the Red Army would join Bulgaria, the Central Committee of the BCP and the main headquarters of the People's Liberation Army identified the date of the uprising in Sofia - September 9.

The bid of the Supreme Commander ordered the troops of the 3rd Ukrainian Front and the Black Sea Fleet to start on September 8 fighting against Bulgaria, to go on September 12 on the line Ruse, Palata, Karnobat, Burgas and to suspend the movement. The question of the further occurrence proposed the rate to solve depending on the progress of the rebellion of the Bulgarian people.

On September 8, advanced rifle parts entered Bulgaria. Then, overtaking them, rushed into the countries of the country mechanized housings. They promoted without meeting resistance. On September 9, the advanced parts came to the specified line. The ships of the Black Sea Fleet entered the ports of Varna and Burgas. Bulgarian ships did not oppose, and the entire German fleet on the orders of the German command by that time was already flooded. German sailors left Bulgaria.

On the night of 8 on September 9, the uprising began in Sofia, the Government of Muraviyev was overthrown, the government of the Patriotic Front led by K. Georgiev.

In accordance with the Directive of the Supreme Command Rate, from 22 o'clock 00 minutes on September 9, 1944, the fighting of the Soviet troops against Bulgaria was discontinued.
RESULTS
The Government of the Patriotic Front announced the war of Germany and its last satellite - Hungary, dissolved the parliament, the police took the cleaning of the state apparatus and restructuring the army, banned Nazi organizations. Bulgarian troops were evacuated from Greece and the southeastern regions of Yugoslavia.

Residents of liberated Bucharest meet Soviet soldiers traveling on SU-85.

The Soviet torpedo boat "TK-393" mooring to the pier in the Romanian port of Constanta.

Soviet torpedo boats of the Black Sea Fleet in the Romanian port of Constanta.

Soviet soldiers on a motorcycle on the outskirts of Bucharest.

Trophy Soviet SAU SU-85 from the 23rd of the Tank Division of the Wehrmacht.

Residents of the liberated Bucharest welcome the column of Soviet trucks "Studebeckker".

Soviet soldier girls in the body of the International Truck on Bucharest Street.

Soldiers of the Division named after Tudor Vladimirsku on the street of liberated Bucharest.

Soviet soldiers in the body of a gas-aa truck on the street of liberated Bucharest.

Two Soviet soldiers on the foot of Gas-Aa truck on the street of liberated Bucharest.

Soviet truck "Studebeckker" and 122-mm Gaubita M-30 on the street of liberated Bucharest.

The disguised Soviet armor of the Danube Military Flotilla, installed on the killembocks on the river bank.

The column of German prisoners of war runs down the street of liberated Bucharest.

Bulgarian partisan patrol in Plovdiv.

Soviet small river bronzers project 1124 follow the Danube to support Soviet troops.

The Soviet officer communicates with the residents of the liberated Bucharest on the city street.

Residents of liberated Bucharest welcome the column of Soviet trucks.

Soviet soldiers in the liberated Bucharest on the truck International.

Soviet tank T-34-85 on the street of liberated Bucharest.

An abandoned German assault tank SturmPentzer IV "Brumbar" with the tactical number "222".

The commander of the 7th division SS A. Fleps leads to observation surrounded by officers of his headquarters.

Residents of the Bulgarian town celebrate liberation.

Fighters of the division of Lieutenant Gremenkov in battle in northern transylvania.

Column of Soviet cavalryrs on the march on the road in Romania.

The boys of the liberated Romanian village play in the burnt german car.

Sergeant and Women-soldiers of the Division of the Counterintelligence of the 37th Army in Sofia.

Bronzemer Danube Military Flotilla BKA-33 on anchor parking.

The inhabitants of Bucharest welcome the Soviet soldiers sitting on the SU-85 armor.

The disguised Soviet small river armor of the project 1124, woven towards the shore and ready for battle.

German class R in the Romanian port of Constanta.

V. Kirilyuk congratulates N. Skomorokhov with another shot down plane.

The commander of the Bulgarian partisan brigade "Chavdar" D. Jurov and his fighters.

Fighters of the Patriotic Front of Bulgaria on the street of liberated Sofia.

Commander of the Grenadier Regiment "Grossdoychland" Colonel Karl Lorenz during battles in Romania.

The calculation of the Soviet 120-mm regimental mortar PM-38 leads fire.

Lieutenant-General V.G. Ryazanov with the heroes of the 155th Guards Assault Aviamar.

Private P. Belokon's sapper P. Belokon makes a passage in a wire bar in Romania.

Starin and the ordinary department of counterintelligence of the 37th Army in Bulgaria.

Soviet motorcyclists on M-72 motorcycles on Bucharest Street.

Starshina K.F. Lysenko with comrades from the Counterintelligence Counsel of the 37th Army in Bulgaria.

Artilleryrs of the 8th Division of the SS are preparing to open fire from 75-mm field cannons Le.IG 18 in Romania.

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