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How many Russians in Bashkiria. Population of Bashkiria: Number, national composition, religion


In Bashkortostan, about 4 million people live, who in the national language classification include: to Altai (Bashkira, Tatars, Chuvashi, Kazakhs), Indo-European (Russian, Ukrainians, Belarusians, Germans, Jews, Moldovans, Armenians, Latvians) and Urals (Maritz , Mordva, Udmurt) Language families. A complex picture represents the structure of beliefs of these peoples. The greatest prevalence among the believer population has two world religions - Islam (Sunni and Christianity (Orthodoxy). Adherents of Islam are Turkic-speaking Bashkirs, most Tatars, Kazakhs, a small part of the Chuvish. Orthodoxy confesses the overwhelming part of the believers of Russians, Ukrainians, Belarusians; It is common among the believers of the Chuvash, Mari, Morder, Udmurts, part of the Tatars. In the Finnish peoples and the Chuvash, the original forms of pre-Christian religious views are also available: visiting the church and honor Christ, they worship their numerous gods and spirits. Different areas of beliefs are also held by Russians (Orthodoxy, Old Believers), Ukrainians and Belarusians (Orthodox, Catholics), Turkic-speaking Tatars (Muslims - Sunni, quicken) and Chuvashi (dwellers who comply with pagan rites, Muslims in Christianity).

In the Ural region, the ancient bashkir tribes appeared, judging by written sources, IX century This is evidenced by Ibn Rusta, Al-Balka, relating to IX-XI centuries. O "The People of Turils, called Bashogord," inhabited in X century The Arab Traveler Ahmed Ibn-Fadlan reported in the Volga-Ural interfluce. In the Ural, Bashkirs came to the current ancient nationality with a distinctive culture, tongue. In the new territory, they entered into relationships with the aboriginal Finno-Ugric and Sarmato-Alanian population and, as more numerous peoples, they assimilated them.

A certain impact on the national appearance of Bashkir hosted by the Finnish peoples. From the end XVII and especially B. XVIII centuries. In connection with the construction of cities-fortresses and cities-factories on the Bashkir lands, the Russian population appears: the Ural Cossack army, labor-carrying people, free-sighted peasants - who provided a significant impact on the farm and material culture of local residents.

IN X.- First XIII centuries. Basically, the western part of Bashkir was in political dependence on the Volga Bulgaria. By the same time, the beginning of penetration in their Wednesday of Islam, distributed by missionaries from Central Asia and Bulgaria. IN 1236 Bashkiria was conquered by Mongols and became part of the early refortion state - the Golden Horde. In the end XIII. - early XIV centuries.she broke up, and a number of feudal hanses were formed on her ruins. Bashkirs were dismembered between the Nogai Horde, Kazan and Siberian Khanate, although the political influence of the latter was not decisive.

For Bashkiria XV- The first half XVI centuries. The main political factor was the Nogai domination. In the first half XVI in. Nogai Khanate was broken into two hordes: Great and small. Bashkiria remained under the authority of a large Nogai Horde. In the middle XVI in. Prince Ismail acknowledged himself with the vassal of the Russian state, which gave the opportunity to Bashkirm to completely free themselves from the Iga Nogai Murz and Princes, Kazan and Siberian Chanov and enter the Russian state.

The joining of Bashkiria to the Russian state continued from 1553-1554 until 1557 The first in its composition included Western and North-Western Bashkis, the lands of which were subsequently called the Kazan Dear. Then Russian citizenship took the population of the Central, South and Southeast Part of the region. Subsequently, this area was called Nogai Dear. Under the rule of Siberian Khanate, the northeastern and Zauralsky Bashkirs remained. They became finally submitted to Russia only after the complete defeat of the kingdom of Kuchum.

Taking the Bashkir among its subjects, the Russian state took over the protection of them from raids and the robberies of neighboring tribes and peoples, guaranteed their land rights. Bashkirs pledged to pay Yasak, carry military service (at their own expense), to participate in combat campaigns, protect the southeastern borders of Russia from the raids of nomads. At first, the Russian authorities did not interfere in the internal management, were not prosecuted, the customs and rites of Bashkir. On the contrary, Ivan Grozny won among the indigenous population of unprecedented popularity as "good" and "gracious" king. He gave the pledged diplomas to Bashkir, because in conditions of cruel struggle with Kazan and Astrakhan Khunni, the interests of the state were so dictated.

In the end XVIII - First half XIX centuries. The main territory inhabited by Bashkirs was part of the Orenburg province. IN 1798 In Bashkiria, a canton control system was introduced, which with minor changes existed to 1865 From the Bashkir and Mishar population, an irregular army was formed, the main responsibility of which was the protection of the Orenburg borderline line. IN 1865 Orenburg province was divided into two: Orenburg and Ufa. The latter included Belladeevsky, Birsky, Menzelinsky, Sterlitamak, Ufa, Zlatoust district. Administrative and territorial division undertaken in 1865, persisted unchanged to 1919

A few days after the socialist revolution November 15, 1917 The territory of the Orenburg, Ufa, Perm, Samara Province, populated by Bashkirs, were proclaimed by the Bashkir regional council (Shuro) with an autonomous part of the Russian Republic. "Government of the Autonomous Bashkortostan" was formed. However, subsequent events did not allow to implement the intended. In March 1919 The "Agreement of the Central Soviet Power with the Bashkir Government on the Soviet Autonomous Bashkiria" was signed, "which was enshrined by the formation of the Bashkir ASSR.

The Bashkir Republic was formed within the Low Bashkiria as the federal part of the RSFSR. 13 cantons were created. The center was the village of Temasovo, from August 1919 Government agencies were in Sterlitamak. As part of Ufa province in 1919 There were counties: Ufa, Belebeev, Birsky, Menzelinsky, part of Zlatoust and Sterlitamak counties. Based on the EMP and June 14, 1922 The Ufa Province was abolished and its treasures are included in the Bashkir Republic with the capital in Ufa. Modern borders established in 1926
In October 1990 The Supreme Council of Bashkortostan proclaimed the Declaration on the State Sovereignty of the Republic.

Using the term "indigenous nationality", the "indigenous population", the authors adhere to the definitions adopted by the United Nations and including four main elements: pre-existence (i.e., the residents under consideration are the descendants of people who have inepened any region before the arrival of another settlement); noncompliant position; Cultural differences and consciousness of belonging to the indigenous population. The Skybashkirskoe population of Bashkiria, as it will be shown further, - the lawsuit in the Bashkir region after his accession to the Russian state.

The population of Ufa, as of December 31, 2016, amounted to 1 125 612 man that 4 183 The person is more compared with the results of 2015. In Ufa lives almost 28 percent of the population of Bashkortostan. From the total number of urban population of the republic to the capital of the Republic accounts for about 44 percent.

Among the urban districts of Bashkortostan, the population growth is also observed in the cities of Neftekamsk, Oktyabrsky, Sterlitamak.

In 2016, in Ufa, for the first time in the last 29 years, the largest fertility rate was formed - in the city was born 18 165 Children. The greatest number of births fall on October, Kalininsky and Kirov district. Last year, the 1987 birth rate was almost reached - in the capital Bashkortostan born 18 767 Children.

To date, there is an increase in the number of school children. This year, children born in school will go to school, mainly in 2010, and they are on 964 The person is more than born in the 2009th.

The birth rate since 2000 was to some extent to some extent, since the number of women in the most active reproductive age (20-29 years) has increased steadily since 1998. The potential for population growth in reproductive age is practically exhausted as in the republic and Ufa, there has been a tendency to reduce the number of women aged 20-29 years. In subsequent years, this will affect the migration level of young women in Ufa and, as a result, can lead to a decrease in the birth rate.

Together with increasing fertility, at the same time in Ufa, there is a tendency to reduce mortality. So, in 2016, this figure was 12 668 human. Natural population growth - 5 497 human. The capital of Bashkortostan retains the position of the leader among the cities of million people of Russia in the natural growth of the population.


In recent years, for the capital of Bashkortostan, the city of Ufa, a migration increase was characteristic. The main source of migration growth for the capital remains the districts and cities of the republic - 43 298 The person migrated inside the republic and the migration growth here for the city in 2016 amounted to 344 man.

In the conditions of the changed procedure for attracting foreign citizens to work, there was a decrease in the number of foreign citizens entering the city from the CIS countries - minus 1 042 man. The greatest decline in the indicators occurred under Uzbekistan, Armenia and Tajikistan. With Ukraine, the migration balance in 2016 is positive - plus 122 man. In international migration with other countries, the greatest positive balance - plus 158 Man - amounted to Vietnam.

In the near future, taking into account the existing data and forecasts for the natural movement of the population will be adjusted urban fertility support programs.

Ufa over the past nine reserves leadership positions on the natural growth of the population among major cities in Russia.

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population Bashkortostana
The population of the republic according to Rosstat is 4 071 987 person. (2015). Population density - 28,49 person / km2 (2015). Urban population - 61,69 % (2015).

  • 1 demography
  • 2 National Composition
  • 3 Ownership Languages
  • 4 General Card
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Demography

Population size
1926 1928 1959 1970 1979 1989 1990 1991
2 665 836 ↗2 759 000 ↗3 341 609 ↗3 818 075 ↗3 848 627 ↗3 950 482 ↘3 941 321 ↗3 962 282
1992 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999
↗3 987 884 ↗4 022 150 ↗4 037 178 ↗4 062 622 ↗4 084 473 ↗4 098 089 ↗4 107 790 ↗4 117 545
2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007
↗4 119 810 ↘4 115 176 ↘4 104 336 ↘4 102 274 ↘4 092 312 ↘4 078 807 ↘4 063 409 ↘4 050 989
2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015
↗4 052 731 ↗4 057 292 ↗4 072 292 ↘4 072 085 ↘4 064 245 ↘4 060 957 ↗4 069 698 ↗4 071 987

1 000 000 2 000 000 3 000 000 4 000 000 5 000 000 1928 1990 1995 2000 2005 2010 2015

Fertility (the number of people born per 1000 people)
1970 1975 1980 1985 1990 1995 1996 1997 1998
16,6 ↘16,5 ↗17,6 ↗19,9 ↘16,1 ↘11,2 ↘11,0 ↘10,7 ↗10,8
1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007
↘10,0 ↗10,1 ↗10,4 ↗11,1 ↗11,1 ↗11,2 ↘10,8 ↗11,1 ↗12,7
2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014
↗13,4 ↗13,7 ↗14,0 ↘13,7 ↗14,5 ↗14,6 ↗14,9
Mortality (the number of died per 1000 people of the population)
1970 1975 1980 1985 1990 1995 1996 1997 1998
7,3 ↗8,3 ↗9,4 ↗10,1 ↘9,6 ↗12,7 ↘12,1 ↘12,0 ↘11,8
1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007
↗12,8 ↗13,0 ↗13,4 ↗14,1 ↗14,2 ↘14,1 ↗14,2 ↘13,6 ↗13,6
2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014
↗13,7 ↘13,1 ↗13,4 ↗13,4 ↘13,1 ↗13,2 ↗13,2
Natural population growth (per 1000 people of the population, sign (-) means natural loss of the population)
1970 1975 1980 1985 1990 1995 1996 1997 1998
9,3 ↘8,2 ↗8,2 ↗9,8 ↘6,5 ↘-1,5 ↗-1,1 ↘-1,3 ↗-1,0
1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007
↘-2,8 ↘-2,9 ↘-3,0 ↗-3,0 ↘-3,1 ↗-2,9 ↘-3,4 ↗-2,5 ↗-0,9
2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014
↗-0,3 ↗0,6 ↗0,6 ↘0,3 ↗1,4 ↗1,4 ↗1,7
Life expectancy at birth (number of years)
1990 1991 1992 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998
70,5 ↘70,0 ↘68,6 ↘66,1 ↘65,3 ↗66,2 ↗67,0 ↗67,6 ↗68,0
1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007
↘67,0 ↘66,7 ↘66,6 ↘66,1 ↗66,1 ↗66,3 ↗66,5 ↗67,5 ↗67,8
2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013
↗68,0 ↗69,0 ↘68,9 ↗69,0 ↗69,3 ↗69,6

27% of the population lives in Ufa and the Ufa region adjacent to it (2002). The least densely populated are Zilair (3 people / km²), Beloretsky (3.7 people / km²) and Burziansky districts (4 people / km²). The greatest density of the rural population is celebrated in Ufa (37 people / km²), KarmaSkalinsky (30 people / km²), Chishminsky (29 people / km²) and Tuimazinsky (27 people / km²) regions.

According to the preliminary results of the All-Russian Census of the 2010 population:

  • Urban population - 2,461,5 thousand people;
  • Rural population - 1,610, 6 thousand people;
  • The share of the urban population is 60.4%;
  • The proportion of the rural population is 39.6%;
Distribution of the population of the Republic of Bashkortostan on the floor and age (according to NPN-2002) Birth rate (for 1000 people)
Years Bashkira Russians Tatara Total
1979 17,9 15,4 18,3 17,2
1985 22,1 16,0 23,8 19,9
1987 26,0 16,7 19,9 20,9
1989 23,5 13,7 18,7 17,8
1990 21,8 12,2 16,9 16,1
1991 20,2 11,1 15,2 14,6
1993 14,9 9,1 11,6 11,6

The age structure of the population against the background of average Russian indicators retains the increased proportion of young ages (18% at 16% on average in the country) with a reduced share of the elderly (19 and 21%, respectively), although there is still a general tendency of a fellow.

National composition

Dynamics of the ethnic composition of the population of Bashkiria on population censuses of 1926-2010:

1926 % 1939 % 1959 % 1979 % 1989 % 2002 %
from
Total		 %
from
indicators
shih
national
Nal-
Nosta		 2010 %
from
Total		 %
from
indicators
shih
national
Nal-
Nosta
total 2665346 100,00 % 3158969 100,00 % 3341609 100,00 % 3844280 100,00 % 3943113 100,00 % 4104336 100,00 % 4072292 100,00 %
Russians 1064707 39,95 % 1281347 40,56 % 1418147 42,44 % 1547893 40,26 % 1548291 39,27 % 1490715 36,32 % 36,36 % 1432906 35,19 % 36,05 %
Bashkira 625845 23,48 % 671188 21,25 % 737711 22,08 % 935880 24,34 % 863808 21,91 % 1221302 29,76 % 29,79 % 1172287 28,79 % 29,49 %
Tatara 461871 17,33 % 777230 24,60 % 768566 23,00 % 940436 24,46 % 1120702 28,42 % 990702 24,14 % 24,16 % 1009295 24,78 % 25,39 %
Pretty 37 0,00 % 4510 0,11 % 0,11 % 3801 0,09 % 0,10 %
Mishari. 135960 5,10 % 93 0,00 % 0,00 %
Tselyar 23290 0,87 %
Chuvashi 84886 3,18 % 106892 3,38 % 109970 3,29 % 122344 3,18 % 118509 3,01 % 117317 2,86 % 2,86 % 107450 2,64 % 2,70 %
Mariyza 79298 2,98 % 90163 2,85 % 93902 2,81 % 106793 2,78 % 105768 2,68 % 105829 2,58 % 2,58 % 103658 2,55 % 2,61 %
Ukrainians 76610 2,87 % 92289 2,92 % 83594 2,50 % 75571 1,97 % 74990 1,90 % 55249 1,35 % 1,35 % 39875 0,98 % 1,00 %
Udmurt 23256 0,87 % 25103 0,79 % 25388 0,76 % 25906 0,67 % 23696 0,60 % 22625 0,55 % 0,55 % 21477 0,53 % 0,54 %
Mordva 49813 1,87 % 57826 1,83 % 43582 1,30 % 35900 0,93 % 31923 0,81 % 26020 0,63 % 0,63 % 20300 0,50 % 0,51 %
Belorus 18281 0,69 % 23761 0,75 % 20792 0,62 % 17393 0,45 % 17038 0,43 % 17117 0,42 % 0,42 % 11680 0,29 % 0,29 %
Armenians 38 0,00 % 391 0,01 % 1732 0,05 % 1517 0,04 % 2258 0,06 % 8784 0,21 % 0,21 % 9407 0,23 % 0,24 %
Uzbeks 8 0,00 % 243 0,01 % 534 0,02 % 1386 0,04 % 2282 0,06 % 5145 0,13 % 0,13 % 7945 0,20 % 0,20 %
Germans 6448 0,24 % 6030 0,19 % 12817 0,38 % 11316 0,29 % 11023 0,28 % 8250 0,20 % 0,20 % 5909 0,15 % 0,15 %
Azerbaijanis 10 0,01 % 124 0,00 % 772 0,02 % 1103 0,03 % 2373 0,06 % 5026 0,12 % 0,12 % 5737 0,14 % 0,14 %
Kazakh 9776 0,31 % 4179 0,13 % 2876 0,07 % 3564 0,09 % 4092 0,10 % 0,10 % 4373 0,11 % 0,11 %
Tajiks 42 0,00 % 292 0,01 % 735 0,02 % 2939 0,07 % 0,07 % 4127 0,10 % 0,10 %
Jews 2185 0,08 % 3796 0,12 % 7467 0,22 % 5851 0,15 % 4835 0,12 % 2367 0,06 % 0,06 % 1900 0,05 % 0,05 %
Vietnamese 1 0,00 % 12 0,00 % 1204 0,03 % 0,03 % 1337 0,03 % 0,03 %
Latvian 7045 0,26 % 6692 0,21 % 3804 0,11 % 2604 0,07 % 1956 0,05 % 1508 0,04 % 0,04 % 1117 0,03 % 0,03 %
Georgians 10 0,00 % 300 0,01 % 362 0,01 % 576 0,01 % 811 0,02 % 1341 0,03 % 0,03 % 1045 0,03 % 0,03 %
Gypsy 325 0,01 % 515 0,02 % 255 0,01 % 491 0,01 % 650 0,02 % 684 0,02 % 0,02 % 1004 0,02 % 0,03 %
Chechens 2 0,00 % 15 0,00 % 92 0,00 % 241 0,01 % 1195 0,03 % 0,03 % 992 0,02 % 0,02 %
Moldovans 12 0,00 % 62 0,00 % 382 0,01 % 584 0,02 % 945 0,02 % 1069 0,03 % 0,03 % 872 0,02 % 0,02 %
Yezidi 577 0,01 % 0,01 % 797 0,02 % 0,02 %
Turkmen 3 0,00 % 39 0,00 % 332 0,01 % 441 0,01 % 701 0,02 % 0,02 % 783 0,02 % 0,02 %
Koreans 2 0,00 % 32 0,00 % 203 0,01 % 237 0,01 % 722 0,02 % 0,02 % 777 0,02 % 0,02 %
Greek 13 0,00 % 68 0,00 % 1466 0,04 % 1099 0,03 % 1083 0,03 % 1038 0,03 % 0,03 % 753 0,02 % 0,02 %
Poles 1655 0,06 % 1316 0,04 % 1100 0,03 % 935 0,02 % 757 0,02 % 660 0,02 % 0,02 % 504 0,01 % 0,01 %
Kyrgyz 134 0,00 % 155 0,00 % 1171 0,03 % 306 0,01 % 308 0,01 % 0,01 % 454 0,01 % 0,01 %
Lezgins 1 0,00 % 23 0,00 % 104 0,00 % 188 0,00 % 313 0,01 % 0,01 % 374 0,01 % 0,01 %
Bulgarians 3 0,00 % 25 0,00 % 699 0,02 % 548 0,01 % 509 0,01 % 451 0,01 % 0,01 % 318 0,01 % 0,01 %
Turks 12 0,00 % 44 0,00 % 23 0,00 % 40 0,00 % 470 0,01 % 0,01 % 315 0,01 % 0,01 %
Ingush 5 0,00 % 26 0,00 % 63 0,00 % 183 0,00 % 0,00 % 278 0,01 % 0,01 %
Ossetians 83 0,00 % 226 0,01 % 379 0,01 % 256 0,01 % 262 0,01 % 0,01 % 265 0,01 % 0,01 %
others 33938 6,12 % 2466 0,08 % 3899 0,12 % 2646 0,07 % 2801 0,07 % 3805 0,09 % 0,09 % 4409 0,11 % 0,11 %
Specified
nationality		 2665346 100,00 % 3158020 99,97 % 3341501 100,00 % 3844271 100,00 % 3943091 100,00 % 4099970 99,89 % 100,00 % 3974720 97,60 % 100,00 %
did not specify
nationality		 0 0,00 % 949 0,03 % 108 0,00 % 9 0,00 % 22 0,00 % 4366 0,11 % 97572 2,40 %
The number of major ethnic groups in the population censuses: (man, at the time of the census, 1939-2002. Within the borders of the respective years, 1897 in modern borders, for 1897-1926. Data on the cash population, 1939-2002 - According to the permanent population)
Years Total Bashkira Russians Tatara Mishari. Tselyar Pretty Chuvashi Mariyza Ukrainians Mordva Udmurt Belorus
1897 (on February 9) 1 991 438 899 910 834 135 184 817 20 957 39 955 39 587 60 616 80 608 4 996 37 289 22 507 505
1926 (on December 17) 2 665 836 625 845 1 064 707 461 871 135 960 23 290 67 84 886 79 298 76 710 49 813 23 256 18 281
1939 (on January 17) 3 158 969 671 188 1 281 347 777 230 - - - 106 892 90 163 92 289 57 826 25 103 23 761
1959 (on January 15) 3 336 289 737 711 1 418 147 768 566 - - - 109 970 93 902 83 594 43 582 25 388 20 792
1970 (on January 15) 3 814 926 892 248 1 546 304 944 505 - - - 126 638 109 638 76 005 40 745 27 918 17 985
1979 (on January 17) 3 844 280 935 880 1 547 893 940 436 - - - 122 344 106 793 75 571 35 900 25 906 17 393
1989 (on January 12) 3 943 113 863 808 1 548 291 1 120 702 - - - 118 509 105 768 74 990 31 923 23 696 17 038
2002 (on October 9) 4 104 336 1 221 302 1 490 715 990 702 - - 4 510 117 317 105 829 55 249 26 020 22 625 17 117

Listed peoples with a number of more than 10 thousand people.

The data on the census of 1897 is given through the territory of the Ufa province.

National composition of urban settlements (man, at the time of the census) 2002
Adm. unit Total Russians Bashkira Tatara Chuvashi Mariyza Mordva Udmurt Ukrainians Note
Bashkortostan 4 104 336 1 490 715 1 221 302 990 702 117 317 105 829 26 020 22 625 55 249
ufa 1 049 479 530 136 154 928 294 399 10 586 9 616 3 975 811 17 772 5 556 Belarusians, 2 822 Armenians, 2 219 Germans, 2 082 Jews, 2 075 Azerbaijanis
g. Agidel 18 721 2 771 7 806 6 681 142 771 36 263 96
g. Baimak 17 223 3 980 12 015 882 34 8 2 7 57 87 Armenians, 36 Kazakhs, 35 Uzbeks
g. Belebey with staff. NP. 85 836 40 298 9 427 20 282 10 261 332 1 649 168 1 978 216 Belarusians, 213 Uzbeks, 196 Germans
beloretsk with staff NP. 85 247 60 926 14 775 7 122 144 463 105 42 591 173 Chechens, 158 Armenians, 146 Belarusians
g. Birsk. 39 992 22 802 4 345 7 683 98 4 268 17 107 236 118 Armenians
g. Blagoveshchensk 32 989 20 977 6 352 3 308 178 1 404 46 39 218 134 Armenians
davlekanovo 23 860 11 241 5 255 4 786 271 13 258 5 1 430 239 Germans, 110 Armenians
dürtyuli 29 984 2 908 6 715 19 444 68 480 23 43 108
g. Ishimbay 70 195 36 257 19 964 10 436 756 65 254 26 760 418 Germans, 235 Belarusians, 202 Azerbaijanis, 157 Uzbeks, 143 Greeks
d. Kumertau with staff. NP. 69 792 42 975 11 426 9 007 2 781 52 507 28 1 827 139 Kazakhs, 136 Armenians, 122 Uzbeks
mr. Meshirje 19 082 10 715 4 980 1 633 79 44 62 25 598 116 Belarusians
meluz with staff NP. 63 217 31 540 17 142 9 513 2 689 81 339 12 1 062 117 Azerbaijanis, 116 Armenians, 104 Belarusians
neftekamsk with staff NP. 129 740 37 773 36 033 39 606 421 12 173 159 1 493 847 212 Armenians, 194 Belarusians, 188 Germans
oktyabrsky 108 647 44 382 14 235 40 306 2 105 1 342 1 069 233 1 807 462 Armenians, 273 Belarusians, 272 Tajiks, 208 Uzbeks
g. Salavat 158 600 87 266 28 062 32 214 3 481 394 1 260 61 3 069 637 Belarusians, 335 Germans, 267 Armenians, 226 Uzbeks
sibay 60 144 23 282 29 315 5 357 306 72 139 29 583 132 Kazakhs, 123 Belarusians
sterlitamak 264 362 131 479 41 208 60 779 13 997 541 4 964 110 6 661 692 Germans, 649 Azerbaijanis, 621 Belarusians 560 Armenians, 345 Uzbeks
tuymazy with staff NP. 98 544 27 310 24 894 40 225 1 787 1 603 331 44 918 389 Germans, 179 Armenians, 178 Belarusians, 147 Azerbaijanis
g. Education 40 145 11 318 21 535 6 334 100 40 41 26 263
yanaul 27 909 4 627 11 990 7 760 55 1 059 12 2 067 71
The national composition of Bashkortostan regions. 2002
District Total Russians Bashkira Tatara Note
Abzelilovsky 43 262 3 634/ 8,4 % 38 061 / 87,98 % 1 025 / 2,37 % ukrainians 128.
Alcheevsky 48 398 10 661 / 22,03 % 17 930 / 37,05 % 16 290 / 33,66 % ukrainians 1,774, Chuvashi 952
Arkhangelsky 20 165 7 711 / 38,24 % 9 276 / 46 % 1 860 / 9,22 % chuvashi 549, Latvian 369
Askinsky 23 928 2 482 / 10,37 % 16 959 / 70,88 % 4 212 / 17,6 %
Aurgazin 38 996 2 257 / 5,79 % 6 748 / 17,3 % 16 886 / 43,3 % chuvashi 11 740, Mordva 458
Baymakian 44 214 3 714 / 8,4 % 38 795 / 87,74 % 1 241 / 2,81 %
Bakalinsky 32 327 6 889 / 21,31 % 6 276 / 19,41 % 16 710 / 51,69 % chuvashi 1 049, Mariy residents 928
Baltachevsky 24 695 486 / 1,97 % 17 297 / 70,04 % 3 636 / 14,72 % udmurts 515.
Belebeevsky 17 360 6 788 / 39,1 % 2 314 / 13,33 % 3 306 / 19,04 % chuvashi 3 637, Mari 425
Belokatasky 22 623 11 346 / 50,15 9 836 / 43,48 % 1 124 / 4,97 %
Beloretsky 29 087 9 344 / 32,12 %, 18 292 / 62,89 % 1 042 /3.58 %
Bizbulyaksky 27 999 3 095 / 11,05 % 6 009 / 21,46 % 7 374 / 26,34 % chuvashi 10 004, Mordva 1 202
Birsky 19 883 8 722 / 43,87 % 2 665 / 13,4 % 1 360 / 6,84 % markets 6 823.
Bobrovsky 25 770 5 108 / 19,82 % 12 472 / 48,4 % 5 955 / 23,11 % ukrainians 995, Germans 616, Markets 120, Chuvashi 100
Blagoveshchensky 15 861 8 902 / 56,13 % 3 132 / 19,75 % 1 643 / 10,36 % markets 1 825.
Budeyaksky 31 178 2 218 / 7,11 % 12 528 / 40,18 % 15 833 / 50,78 % ukrainians 149.
Buuraevsky 28 320 512 / 1,81 % 23 045 / 81,37 % 2 689 / 9,5 % udmurts 1 472, Markets 494
Burziansky 16 839 354 / 2,1 % 16 277 / 96,66 % 159 / 0,94 %
Gapurian 36 761 8 293 / 22,56 % 18 325 / 49,85 % 6 474 / 17,61 % chuvashi 3 013, Ukrainians 220
Davlekanovsky 18 278 3 875 / 21,2 % 8 365 /45.77 % 3 719 / 20,35 % chuvashi 1 191, Ukrainians 505, Germans 201, Mordva 171
Duvansky 32 016 2 293 / 63,38 % 6 457 / 20,17 4 249 / 13,27 % mordva 526.
Dürtylinsky 32 988 1 790 / 5,43 % 16 184 / 49,06 % 11 397 / 34,55 % mariers 3 286.
Ermekeevsky 18 205 1 922 / 10,56 % 8 428 / 46,29 % 3 699 / 20,32 % chuvashi 2 639, Mordva 687, Udmurts 534
Zianchurian 30 091 4 671 / 15,52 % 21 516 / 71,5 % 3 149 / 10,46 % chuvashi 319.
Zilair 18 939 7 033 / 37,14 % 10 555 / 55,73 % 544 / 2,87 % chuvashi 563.
Iglinsky 45 392 13 659 / 30,09 % 15 177 / 33,44 % 3 394 / 7,48 % belarusians 6 629, Chuvashi 3 432, Ukrainians 1,063, Mariers 753,

mordva 393, Latvian 215
Iliashevsky 36 281 698 / 1,92 % 29 217 / 80,53 % 4 958 / 13,67 % markets 877, Udmurts 309
Ishimbay 25 910 4 293 / 16,76 % 18 335 / 71,59 % 1 499 / 5,85 % chuvashi 1 189.
Kaltasinsky 28 881 4 926 / 17,06 % 3 216 / 11,14 % 4 568 / 15,82 % markets 13 166 (45.6%), Udmurts 2,766 (9.6%)
Karaidelsky 28 294 5 729 / 20,25 % 12 721 / 44,96 % 8 000 / 28,27 % markets 1 612.
KarmaSkalinsky 54 585 8 767 / 16,06 % 23 296 / 42,68 % 15 811 / 28,97 % chuvashi 5 238, Mordva 586, Ukrainians 295
Kiginsky 19 825 1 029 / 5,19 % 8 192 / 41,32 % 10 306 / 51,98 %
Krasnokamsky 27 552 3 954 / 14,35 % 9 668 / 35,09 % 6 176 / 22,42 % markets 7 319.
Kugarchinsky 34 203 9 560 / 27,95 % 19 280 / 56,37 % 3 519 / 10,29 % chuvashi 637, Mordva 460
Kuüurgazin 25 587 8 491 / 33,18 % 11 033 / 43,12 % 3 501 / 13,68 % chuvashi 1 882.
Kushnarenkovsky 29 344 4 152 / 14,15 % 12 703 / 43,29 % 11 641 / 39,67 % udmurt 299.
Meleuzovsky 26 723 10 840 / 40,56 % 10 948 / 40,97 % 3 111 / 11,64 % chuvashi 672.
Moshetlinsky 25 604 4 252 / 16,61 % 14 961 / 58,43 % 6 052 / 23,64 %
Mishkinsky 27 099 1 779 / 6,56 % 1 754 / 6,47 % 4 291 / 15,83 % markets 19 137 (70.62%)
Miyakinsky 31 789 1 812 / 5,7 % 14 126 / 44,44 % 12 116 / 38,11 % chuvashi 3 090.
Nurimanovsky 21 932 4 853 / 22,13 % 7 526 / 34,32 % 6 863 / 31,29 % markets 2 277.
Salavatsky 28 516 2 807 / 9,84 % 19 091 / 66,95 % 6 306 / 22,11 %
Sterlibashevsky 22 007 1 237 / 5,62 % 7 321 / 33,27 % 12 505 / 56,82 % chuvashi 589.
Sterlitamaksky 37 699 12 893 / 34,2 % 8 141 / 21,59 % 8 138 / 21,59 % chuvashi 5 190, Ukrainians 1 393, Mordva 962
Tatyshlinsky 26 803 413 / 1,54 % 18 770 / 70,03 % 1 465 / 5,47 % udmurts 5 738, Marities 330
Tuymazinsky 30 923 2 684 / 8,68 % 18 515 / 59,87 % 8 381 / 27,1 % chuvashi 585, Germans 140, Markets 138
Ufimsky 26 351 26 293 / 46,66 % 7 711 / 13,68 % 17 926 / 31,81 % chuvashi 1 357, Ukrainians 916, Mordva 594, Mariy residents 351
Pillars 35 649 2 821 / 7,91 % 29 842 / 83,71 % 2 728 / 7,65 %
Fedorovsky 19 675 4 452 / 22,63 % 3 476 / 17,67 % 6 527 / 33,17 % chuvashi 2 404, Mordva 2 332
Khaibullinsky 33 072 5 949 / 17,99 % 25 840 / 78,13 % 473 / 1,43 % ukrainians 357, Chuvashi 216
Chekmagushevsky 33 031 586 / 1,77 % 11 445 / 34,65 % 19510 / 59,07 % chuvashi 1,028, Mari 172
Chishminsky 52 663 10 918 / 20,73 % 9 934 / 18,86 % 27 889 / 52,96 % ukrainians 1,780, Mordva 980, Chuvashi 278
Sharansky 24 494 2 608 / 10,65 % 7 614 / 31,09 % 6 675 / 27,25 % markets 4 936, Chuvashi 2 510
Yanaulsky 22 861 1 197 / 5,24 % 11 305 / 49,45 % 3 043 / 13,31 % udmurts 4 754, Markets 2 367
National composition of the population of the Republic of Bashkortostan (according to NPN-2002, in percent)

Owing languages

96.4% (2002) of the population of Bashkortostan owns the Russian language, the Bashkir language owns 25.75% (2002), Tatar - 34% (2002) of the population.

Possession of state. Languages \u200b\u200bof RB.
(according to the 2002 census)		 Russians Bashkira Tatara Chuvashi Mariyza Ukrainians Mordva Udmurt Others
Bashkir language 14765 912204 109799 9126 3548 556 323 2921 3629
Russian language 1481250 1135714 955368 114001 100308 54974 25835 20662 n / D.
Ownership other languages:
English 61833 36667 42146 1661 1241 1936 317 295 3228
Kazakh language 300 2162 1792 63 94 35 - 11 2486
Meadow-East Mari 1396 3126 1512 164 88605 39 27 432 104
German 1396 15198 17373 1080 1053 1022 259 101 4374
Tatar language 21519 449207 859748 22345 27330 1197 919 8623 5981
Udmurt language 270 1336 495 8 217 10 9 19102 28
Ukrainian language 4285 417 538 81 54 19726 46 6 566
French 4119 2127 2966 88 196 131 15 9 322
Chuvash 2400 1909 2207 91050 331 80 353 12 146

General Map

The legend of the card (when you hover a label displays the real number of people):

Orenburg region Chelyabinsk region Ufa Sterlitamak Salavat Neftekamsk October Tuimazy Beloretsk Ishimbaj Sibaj Kumertau Meleuz Belebei Birsk Uchalu Blagoveshchensk Dyurtyuli Yanaul Davlekanovo Chishmi Priyutovo Rajewski Baimak Iglina Mezhgore Aghidel Krasnousolskii Chekmagush Kandry Mesyagutovo Buzdyak Tolbazy Askarovo Askino Arhangelskoe Bakaly Starobaltachevo Novobelokatay Bizhbulyak Yazykovo Buraeva Starosubkhangulovo Yermekeyevo Isyangulovo Zilair Verhneyarkeevo Kaltasy Karaidel Karmaskaly verkhniye kigi Nikolo Berezovka Mrakovovo Kushnarenkovo \u200b\u200bMost Navyikinsky Mishkino Kyrgyz Miyaki Red Gorka Maloyaz Sterlibashevo Top Tatswish Fedorovka Akjar Sharan Aksakovo Buryba Alkino-2 Zirgan Inzer Krasnoholmsky Cudvik Pavlovka Pribelsky Seraphim Serephim Singhankulovo Tylarly Ulu-Telic Popularities Bashkortostana

see also

  • Jews in Bashkortostane

Notes

  1. 1 2 Assessment of the number of permanent population as of January 1, 2015 and on average for 2014 (published on March 17, 2015). Checked March 18, 2015. Archived from the original source March 18, 2015.
  2. Evaluation of the number of permanent population on January 1, 2015 and on average for 2014 (published March 17, 2015)
  3. All-Union Census of the 1926 population. M.: Edition of the CSU of the SSR Union, 1928. Volume 9. Table I. Popular spaces. Cash urban and rural population. Checked on February 7, 2015. Archived from the source on February 7, 2015.
  4. Statistical directory of the USSR for 1928
  5. All-Union Census of the 1959 population. Tested on October 10, 2013. Archived from the original source October 10, 2013.
  6. All-Union Census of the 1970s. The number of cash population of cities, urban-type settlements, districts and district centers of the USSR according to the census on January 15, 1970 in the republics, edges and regions. Checked October 14, 2013. Archived from the source October 14, 2013.
  7. All-Union population census 1979
  8. All-Union Census of 1989. Archived from the original source August 23, 2011.
  9. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 The number of permanent population on January 1 (person) 1990-2010
  10. All-Russian Census of 2002. Tom. 1, Table 4. The population of Russia, federal districts, the constituent entities of the Russian Federation, districts, urban settlements, rural settlements - district centers and rural settlements with a population of 3 thousand or more. Archived from the original source February 3, 2012.
  11. 1 2 1.5. The population of the Republic of Bashkortostan on municipalities on January 1, 2009
  12. All-Russian Census of 2010. The population of the population of the Republic of Bashkortostan. Checked on August 20, 2014. Archived from the original source August 20, 2014.
  13. The population of the Russian Federation on municipalities. Table 35. Evaluation of the number of permanent population as of January 1, 2012. Checked on May 31, 2014. Archived from the original source on May 31, 2014.
  14. The population of the Russian Federation on municipalities on January 1, 2013. - M.: Federal State Statistics Service Rosstat, 2013. - 528 p. (Table. 33. The population of urban districts, municipal districts, urban and rural settlements, city settlements, rural settlements). Checked on November 16, 2013. Archived from the original source November 16, 2013.
  15. Evaluation of the number of permanent population as of January 1, 2014. Verified April 13, 2014. Archived from the original source April 13, 2014.
  16. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13
  17. 1 2 3 4
  18. 1 2 3 4
  19. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 5.13. Birth rate, mortality and natural population growth in the regions of the Russian Federation
  20. 1 2 3 4 4.22. Birth rate, mortality and natural population growth in the constituent entities of the Russian Federation
  21. 1 2 3 4 4.6. Birth rate, mortality and natural population growth in the constituent entities of the Russian Federation
  22. Fertility rates, mortality, natural growth, marriages, divorces for January-December 2011
  23. Fertility coefficients, mortality, natural growth, marriages, divorces for January-December 2012
  24. Fertility rates, mortality, natural growth, marriages, divorces for January-December 2013
  25. Fertility coefficients, mortality, natural growth, marriages, divorces for January-December 2014
  26. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 5.13. Birth rate, mortality and natural population growth in the regions of the Russian Federation
  27. 1 2 3 4 4.22. Birth rate, mortality and natural population growth in the constituent entities of the Russian Federation
  28. 1 2 3 4 4.6. Birth rate, mortality and natural population growth in the constituent entities of the Russian Federation
  29. Fertility rates, mortality, natural growth, marriages, divorces for January-December 2011
  30. Fertility coefficients, mortality, natural growth, marriages, divorces for January-December 2012
  31. Fertility rates, mortality, natural growth, marriages, divorces for January-December 2013
  32. Fertility coefficients, mortality, natural growth, marriages, divorces for January-December 2014
  33. Demoscope. All-Union Census of the 1926 population. National population in the regions of Russia: Bashkir ASSR
  34. Demoscope. All-Union population census of 1939. National population in the regions of Russia: Bashkir ASSR
  35. Demoscope. All-Union Census of the 1959 population. National population in the regions of Russia: Bashkir ASSR
  36. Demoscope. All-Union population census of 1979. National population in the regions of Russia: Bashkir ASSR
  37. Demoscope. All-Union Census of 1989. National population in the regions of Russia: Bashkir ASSR
  38. All-Russian population census of 2002: population by nationality and ownership of the Russian language in the subjects of the Russian Federation
  39. The official website of the All-Russian Census of the 2010 population. Information materials about the final results of the All-Russian Census of 2010
  40. All-Russian Census of 2010. Official results with advanced lists on the national composition of the population and by region: see
  41. 1 2 3 According to the 1926 census, Mishari and Tytnyari were taken into account separately. Starting from the 1939 census, mushrooms and Mishari are taken into account as part of the Tatars. Teatari - as part of Tatars and Bashkir.
  42. National composition of the population of small cities of the Republic of Bashkortostan
  43. Volume 4 - "National Composition and Languages, Citizenship". 6. Possession of languages \u200b\u200b(except Russian) by the population of individual nationalities in the republics, autonomous region and autonomous districts of the Russian Federation
  44. Owing languages \u200b\u200b(except Russian) population of individual nationalities of the Republic of Bashkortostan
  45. 1 2 Languages \u200b\u200b(except Russian) population of individual nationalities of the Republic of Bashkortostan (inaccessible link - history). Archived from the original source on November 22, 2008.
  46. The population of the Republic of Bashkortostan by Russian language (inaccessible link - history). Archived from primary source November 22, 2008. (Inaccessible link from 17-05-2013 (755 days) - History)

Literature

  • Davletshina Z. M. Tatar population of Bashkortostan: Ethnhermographic study. Ufa: Gile, 2001. ISBN 5-7501-0235-1
  • Yanguzin R. Z. Ethnic composition of the population of Bashkortostan (according to the results of the All-Russian Census 2002) - Ufa: CHIP, 2007, 124 pp, ISBN 978-5-295-04114-3

Links

  • Territorial body of the Federal State Statistics Service in the Republic of Bashkortostan
Bashkortostan

Administrative center: Ufa
Cities: Agidel | Baimak | Belebey | Beloretsk | Birsk | Blagoveshchensk | Davlekanovo | Dyurtuli | Ishimbay | Kumertau | Interguria | Meleuz | Neftekamsk | Oktyabrsky | Salavat | Sibay | Sterlitamak | Tuymazy | Score | Yanaul

Municipal territorial division:

City District: Agidel | Kumertau | But interguria | Neftekamsk | Oktyabrsky | Salavat | Sibay | Sterlitamak | Ufa
Municipal regions: Abzelilovsky | Alcheev | Arkhangelsk | Askin | Aurgazin | Baymaksky | Bakalinsky | Baltachevsky | Belladeevsky | Belokatasky | Beloretsky | Bizbulyaksky | Birsky | Community | Blagoveshchensky | Budeyaksky | Buraevsky | Burziansky | Gapuri | Davlekanovsky | Duvan | Dürtylinsky | Ermekeevsky | Zianchurinsky | Zilair | Eaglesky | Ilishevsky | Ishimbay | Kaltasinsky | Karaidel | KarmaSkalinsky | Kiginsky | Krasnokamsky | Kugarchinsky | Kushnarenkovsky | Kuiurgazin | Meleuzovsky | Moshetlinsky | Mishkinsky | Miyakinsky | Nurimanovsky | Salavatsky | Sterlibashevsky | Sterlitamaksky | Tatyshlinsky | Tuymazinsky | Ufimsky | Pilisky | Fedorovsky | Khaibullinsky | Chekmagushevsky | Chishminsky | Sharansky | Yanaulsky
The edges

Altai Transbaikal Kamchatka Krasnodar Krasnoyarsk Perm Primorsky Stavropol Khabarovsky
Region

Amur Arkhangelsk, Astrakhan, Belgorod Bryansk Vladimir Volgograd Vologda Voronezh Ivanovo Irkutsk Kaliningrad Kaluga Kemerovo Kirov Kostroma Kurgan Kursk Lipetsk Leningrad Magadan Moscow Murmansk Nizhny Novgorod Novosibirsk Omsk Orenburg Penza Oryol, Pskov, Rostov Ryazan Samara Saratov Sverdlovsk Sakhalin Smolensk, Tambov, Tver, Tula Tomsk Tyumen Ulyanovsk Yaroslavl Chelyabinsk
Cities of federal significance

Moscow St. Petersburg Sevastopol
Autonomous region

Jewish
Autonomous districts

Nenets1 Khanty-Mansiysk - Ugra2 Chukotka Yamalo-Nenetsky2

1 Located on the territory of the Arkhangelsk region 2 located on the territory of the Tyumen region

population Bashkortostana

Population of Bashkortostan Information about

ESSAY
by discipline: "Localia"
On the topic: "National population of the Republic of Bashkortostan"

Ufa 2009.
Content
Introduction .................................................................................... ... 3
The National Composition of the Republic of Bashkortostan .................................. ..4
The history of the formation of the anthropological composition of Bashkir .................. ..6
Russians ..................................................................... .................. 10
Tatars ........................................................................................13
Belarusians .................................................................................... 14.
Mishari ........................................................................ ............. ..16
Blackir ........................................................................ ................16
Cryed ......................................................................................17
Chuvashi ..................................................................................................... 18
Markets ..................................................................................................18
Mordva ....................................................................................... 19
Moldovans ............................................................... ................................ ..20
Udmurts ..................................................................... ................21
Conclusion ................................................................................. 22.
List of used literature ...................................................... 23.

Introduction
The national composition of the population of Bashkortostan has historically developed, in the process of its long-term colonization and as a result of the location of the edge on the main ways of long-time and sustainable migration flows between the European and Asian part of the country.
Bashkortostan - Since ancient times, polyeth ethnic region. Here were inhabit Finns-Perm, Ugry, Irano-Public Tribes, from V V.N.E. - Turks to which Bashkirs belong. From the XVI century The modern national composition of the population began to form. From the 30s. XVIII century Due to the economic development of the region, the influx of the population intensified. Already then 75 thousand Russians and 42 thousand Tatars, Marie, Chuvash, Udmurt, Mordvov, Ukrainians lived in the province. In the middle of the XIX century. More than half of the population was Russians (1300 thousand), hereinafter - Bashkirs (508 thousand), Tatars (98 thousand), Chuvashi (58 thousand), Marie (38 thousand). Subsequently, during socio-economic development, the multinational structure of the population (especially in the Soviet period) became more complicated.
Currently, representatives of more than a hundred nationalities live in the republic, the most numerous - 30, incl. 10 nationalities have a number above 5 thousand people.
Multinationality is the most important feature of the structure of the population of the republic, as well as historically determined reality and the most important heritage of the republic, the enormous potential for its further development.

National Composition of the Republic of Bashkortostan
According to the State Statistics Committee of the Republic of Bashkortostan, Citizens are currently living on its territory. The most numerous ones are: Bashkirs (21.91% of the total population of the republic), Tatars (28.42%), Russians (39.27%), Chuvashi (3.01%), Marities (2.68%), Ukrainians ( 1.90%), Mordva (0.81%), Udmurts (0.60%).
Most of the Bashkir is resettled in the southern, southeastern, eastern and northeastern regions of the republic (the so-called Bashkir Zauralie). The most uniformly Bashkir region is the Burzian district, where Bashkirs are 95.3% of the population. A significant proportion of the population is also in Abzelilovsky (84.8%), Baymak (79.6%), participation (75.4%), Ishimbi district (69.7%) areas. In the central and northern regions of Bashkirs, they are somewhat inferior to Russian and Tatars, and in Western and North-Western regions, almost or at all live: in the Belebean district, they constitute only 4% of the population, in Kushnarenkovsky - 5.5%, Sharansky - 6, four%.
The bulk of the Tatars, on the contrary, is concentrated in the Western and Northwestern regions bordering the Republic of Tatarstan. Their percentage ratio is gradually decreasing when driving from west to east and southeast: 78% in Kushnarenkovsky district, 75% - in Chekmagushevsky and only 6.5% in Ishimbay, 3.1% in Abzelilovsky.
Russians are resettled in the republic widely and evenly. Their main mass lives in cities: in Ufa (54.2% of the city's population), Beloretsk (72%), Birsk (63.7%), Kumertau (64.7%). In rural areas, Russians are significantly less.
Chuvashi is compact enough in Western and Northern Western regions: Bizhbolyaksky (37.5%, where they prevail over other ethnic groups), Aurgazinsky (32.2%), Belladeevsky (23.8%).
In the west of the republic, about the same places as Chuvashi, Mordva settlers; The territory of its compact settlement is Fedorovsky district (14.6% of the total population). Markets inhabit mainly the Northern and partly the Northwestern regions of the Republic: Caltasinsky - 47% of the population (prevail over other ethnic groups), Sharansky - 20.3%, Krasnokamsky - 18.3%. There are also areas with the highest shares of the Udmurt population: Tatyshlinsky (22.3%), Yanaulsky (13.9%), Caltasinsky (10.1%).
From the East Slavic peoples in the republic ukrainians - about 75 thousand and belorus - More than 17 thousand people. Ukrainian immigrants - people, mainly from Kievan, Podolskaya, Chernihiv and Poltava province. The most compact they are settled and south and the central areas of the edge. Of other peoples In Bashkortostan, they live: Germans (more than 11 thousand), Georgians (more than 8 thousand), Jews (4.8 thousand), Kazakhs (3.5 thousand), Azerbaijanis (2.4 thousand), Uzbeks (2 , 3 thousand), Armenians (2.3 thousand), Latvians (about 2 thousand), Greeks (1083 people), Moldovans (945 people), Poles (757 people), Tajiks (735 people) , Gypsies (650 people), Bulgarians (509 people).
As part of the population of the republic, Estonians, Turkmen, Lithuanians, Kyrgyz, Ossetians, Koreans, Komi, Lezgins, Avars, Darginians, Finns, Komi Perm, Karelia, Buryats, Ingush, Kumyki, Hungarians, Kalmyki, Gagauza - 43 nationalities with numbers up to 51 people. From other peoples, according to the results of the All-Russian census of 2002, Ukrainians live in Bashkortostan - 55 thousand 249 people, Belarusians - 17 thousand 117 people, Armenians - 8 thousand 784 people, Germans - 8 thousand 250 people, Uzbeks - 5 thousand 145 people, Azerbaijanis - 5 thousand 26 people, Kazakhs - 4 thousand 92 people, Tajiks - 2939 people, Jews - 2367 people, Latvians - 1508 people, Georgians - 1341, Vietnamese - 1204 people, Chechens - 1195, Greeks - 1038, Koreans - 722 people, Turkmen - 701 people, Gypsies - 684, Poles - 660 people and Ezidi - 577 people. Single representatives of other national groups have a total of 5 thousand 792 people. And 4 thousand 366 people did not specify their national affiliation in the correspondence questionnaires.
The history of the formation of the anthropological composition of Bashkir
Indigenous Region -bashkira . Bashkirs under the modern title (Bashkort, Bashyhard, Bashchird, etc.) became known from the IX century. Most researchers (linguists, historians, ethnographers) dismember the word into two parts: Bash + Court / Kurt / Kard. The initial part of the word these is in the meaning of the "head", "head", "chief", and in explanation of the meaning of the second half of the name of the opinion disagree. Some interpret it as a "bee", "worm" (court), others - "Circle of people", "tribe" (Cor), are third withdrawn from the verb "shave (head)" (Kyr + Yu), etc. The point of view prevails, according to which the ethnonym dates back to the concept of "chief" (Bash) + "Wolf" (Kurd / Gourd from Turkic-Ogzian languages), "Wolf-leader". At the same time, researchers proceed from the fact that the ancient Bashkirs, like a number of other Turkic peoples (for example, Turkmen, ancient Turks), worshiped wolves as one of the main totems - tribal deities.
The total number of them in the USSR, according to the census of 1989, was 1 million,449.1 thousand people, of which 1 million 345.3 thousand in Russia. The main part of Bashkir (863.8 thousand, or 59.6%) focused on its ethnic territory. Outside of the republic, they live in Chelyabinsk (161.2 thousand), Orenburg (5Z, 8 thousand), Perm (52.3 thousand), Sverdlovsk (41.5 thousand), Kurgan (17.5 thousand) , Tyumen (41.1 thousand) regions, Kazakhstan (41.3 thousand), Uzbekistan (34.8 thousand), Tatarstan (19.1 thousand) and others. The total number of Bashkir in Bashkortostan on the results of the All-Russian Census 2002 The year is over 1 million 221 thousand people.
About 4 million people live in Bashkortostan, who are among the national language classification: to altai (Bashkirs, Tatars, Chuvashi, Kazakhs), Indo-European (Russian, Ukrainians, Belarusians, Germans, Jews, Moldovans, Armenians, Latvians) and ural (Marities, Mordva, Udmurt) Language families. A complex picture represents the structure of beliefs of these peoples. The greatest prevalence among the believing population has two world religions - islam (Sunni sense) and christianity (Orthodoxy). Adherents of Islam are Turkic-speaking Bashkirs, most Tatars, Kazakhs, a small part of the Chuvish. Orthodoxy confesses the overwhelming part of the believers of Russians, Ukrainians, Belarusians; It is common among the believers of the Chuvash, Mari, Morder, Udmurts, part of the Tatars. In the Finnish peoples and the Chuvash, the original forms of pre-Christian religious views are also available: visiting the church and honor Christ, they worship their numerous gods and spirits. Different areas of beliefs are also held by Russians (Orthodoxy, Old Believers), Ukrainians and Belarusians (Orthodox, Catholics), Turkic-speaking Tatars (Muslims - Sunni, quicken) and Chuvashi (dwellers who comply with pagan rites, Muslims in Christianity).
In the Ural region, the ancient bashkir tribes appeared, judging by written sources, IX century This is evidenced by Ibn Rusta, Al-Balka, relating to IX-XI centuries. O "The People of Turils, called Bashogord," inhabited in X century The Arab Traveler Ahmed Ibn-Fadlan reported in the Volga-Ural interfluce. In the Ural, Bashkirs came to the current ancient nationality with a distinctive culture, tongue. In the new territory, they entered into relationships with the aboriginal Finno-Ugric and Sarmato-Alanian population and, as more numerous peoples, they assimilated them.
A certain impact on the national appearance of Bashkir hosted by the Finnish peoples. From the end XVII and especially B. XVIII centuries. In connection with the construction of cities-fortresses and cities-factories on the Bashkir lands, the Russian population appears: the Ural Cossack army, labor-carrying people, free-sighted peasants - who provided a significant impact on the farm and material culture of local residents.
IN X.- First XIII centuries.Basically, the western part of Bashkir was in political dependence on the Volga Bulgaria. By the same time, the beginning of penetration in their Wednesday of Islam, distributed by missionaries from Central Asia and Bulgaria. IN 1236 Bashkiria was conquered by Mongols and became part of the early refortion state - the Golden Horde. In the end XIII. - early XIV centuries.she broke up, and a number of feudal hanses were formed on her ruins. Bashkirs were dismembered between the Nogai Horde, Kazan and Siberian Khanate, although the political influence of the latter was not decisive.
For Bashkiria XV- The first half XVI centuries. The main political factor was the Nogai domination. In the first half XVI in. Nogai Khanate was broken into two hordes: Great and small. Bashkiria remained under the authority of a large Nogai Horde. In the middle XVI in. Prince Ismail acknowledged himself with the vassal of the Russian state, which gave the opportunity to Bashkirm to completely free themselves from the Iga Nogai Murz and Princes, Kazan and Siberian Chanov and enter the Russian state.
The joining of Bashkiria to the Russian state continued from 1553-1554 until 1557 The first in its composition included Western and North-Western Bashkis, the lands of which were subsequently called the Kazan Dear. Then Russian citizenship took the population of the Central, South and Southeast Part of the region. Subsequently, this area was called Nogai Dear. Under the rule of Siberian Khanate, the northeastern and Zauralsky Bashkirs remained. They became finally submitted to Russia only after the complete defeat of the kingdom of Kuchum.
Taking the Bashkir among its subjects, the Russian state took over the protection of them from raids and the robberies of neighboring tribes and peoples, guaranteed their land rights. Bashkirs pledged to pay Yasak, carry military service (at their own expense), to participate in combat campaigns, protect the southeastern borders of Russia from the raids of nomads. At first, the Russian authorities did not interfere in the internal management, were not prosecuted, the customs and rites of Bashkir. On the contrary, Ivan Grozny won among the indigenous population of unprecedented popularity as "good" and "gracious" king. He gave the pledged diplomas to Bashkir, because in conditions of cruel struggle with Kazan and Astrakhan Khunni, the interests of the state were so dictated.
In the end XVIII - First half XIX centuries. The main territory inhabited by Bashkirs was part of the Orenburg province. IN 1798 In Bashkiria, a canton control system was introduced, which with minor changes existed to 1865 From the Bashkir and Mishar population, an irregular army was formed, the main responsibility of which was the protection of the Orenburg borderline line. IN 1865 Orenburg province was divided into two: Orenburg and Ufa. The latter included Belladeevsky, Birsky, Menzelinsky, Sterlitamak, Ufa, Zlatoust district. Administrative and territorial division undertaken in 1865, persisted unchanged to 1919
A few days after the socialist revolution November 15, 1917 The territory of the Orenburg, Ufa, Perm, Samara Province, populated by Bashkirs, were proclaimed by the Bashkir regional council (Shuro) with an autonomous part of the Russian Republic. "Government of the Autonomous Bashkortostan" was formed. However, subsequent events did not allow to implement the intended. In March 1919 The "Agreement of the Central Soviet Power with the Bashkir Government on the Soviet Autonomous Bashkiria" was signed, "which was enshrined by the formation of the Bashkir ASSR.
The Bashkir Republic was formed within the Low Bashkiria as the federal part of the RSFSR. 13 cantons were created. The center was the village of Temasovo, from August 1919 Government agencies were in Sterlitamak. As part of Ufa province in 1919 There were counties: Ufa, Belebeev, Birsky, Menzelinsky, part of Zlatoust and Sterlitamak counties. Based on the EMP and June 14, 1922 The Ufa Province was abolished and its treasures are included in the Bashkir Republic with the capital in Ufa. Modern borders established in 1926 In October 1990 The Supreme Council of Bashkortostan proclaimed the Declaration on the State Sovereignty of the Republic.
Today Bashkortostan is a multinational republic. And the indigenous nationality of Bashkira is 21.91% of the total population of the republic.
Russians
Another numerous people of the republic - russians. Their language is included in the East Slavonic group of Indo-European languages. For its origin, Russians are associated with East Slavic tribes. Some non-Slavic peoples participated in their formation, which have long lived in the current territory of the European part of Russia.
IN XVI-XVII centuries. Russians began to settle the lower voltage, the Urals, the North Caucasus and Siberia, in XVIII - XIX centuries. - settle in the Baltic States, Black Sea, Transcaucasia, Central Asia, Kazakhstan and the Far East. Population census 1989 It took into account the republic more than 1 million 548 thousand Russians that make up 39.3% of the population of Bashkortostan. The Russian population is resetted through the territory of Bashkortostan everywhere, but unevenly. Most of all it is concentrated in the southern, northeast and central zones. In the Western, North-West and Uralskaya, its in the structure of the population is relatively low. The absolute majority of Russians (83.02%) live in urban areas. In rural - they make up less than 17%.
The settlement of Bashkiria, the Russians began mainly with XVII centuryAlthough the first Russian people appeared in the region already in the XVI century, after joining it to the Russian state. IN 1574 Tsar John Vasilyevich Grozny "to protect them (Bashkir) from the raids of neighboring predatory peoples built inside Bashkiria fortress on the bank of the r. Belaya and placed a guard in it." Sagittarius, laid down the fortress-town of Ufa, and were the first Russian people on the Bashkir Earth. By order of the Tsarist government, other fortified settlements began to appear: in 1645. - Menzelinsk, in 1663- Birsk. At about the same time, the exchanger line of fortifications was built. The systematic settlement of Russian extensive areas of the rendered edge begins. The resettlement of Russians to the edge went as a result of not only government colonization, but also due to the faded serf and the major population. Northwestern Bashkiria settled by palace peasants of the Kazan County and Kungur region. To middle XVII century Here, Chelny, Latkinskoe ("Oil Cape of Tezh") arose here ("Oil Cape Tog") and big shilles, the village of Orlovka, Lower Kuvati, Mazino, etc.
Fishing on the rivers of Kama, IR, Menzel, White (Lower course) and the land of land surrendered to them "on the marks from the treasury" Savvo-Stegorzvsky ( since 1654), Bogorodsky and Kostroma, Bogoyavlensky ( since 1657) Monasteries. For complained monasteries lands ( in 1651 Bashkir land was granted to the Ufa Assumption Men's Monastery; Dalmatians and Rafailov monasteries grew up on the progressive lands of the monasteries), monastic dowels and Voznesenskoye ("Chesnokovka identity"), the village of Eletemir (on the Chelny River), and others, which, of course, were places of concentration of the Russian population. Eastern (Zauralskaya) Bashkiria was settled with peasants from the Kungur Territory and Western Siberia.
In the end XVII century In those founded by the Russian Katastan and Kolcheredansky Ostroga, Aramilskaya, Okunevskaya, Beloyarskaya, Chushyatsky, Kamyshlovskaya, Novopeschansk and Bagaryatsk, more than 1.4 thousand courtyards with a population of 4.6 thousand male shower. Migrants were numbered to one of the discharges of peasants: Overhead, Palace, Monastic, Montestic (State). South Bashkiria from the end XVII century Began to settle down from Yaitsky Cossacks. Somewhat later on the southeastern, southwestern borders, several dozen fortresses and cities inhabited by military service and those who were the Orenburg fortified line appeared. Then the Orenburg Cossack army was formed, the number of which by the end XVIII century Reached more than 21 thousand male shower.
The influx of Russian population is especially increasing with XVIII century In connection with the construction of factories: Voskresensky ( 1736), Preobrazhensky ( 1750), Cannanikolsky ( 1751), Bogoyavlensky ( 1752), Arkhangelsk ( 1753), Verkhne-Avzianopetrovsky ( 1755), Blagoveshchensky, Nizhne-Avzianopetrovsky ( 1756), Nizhne-Troitsky ( 1760), Beloretsky ( 1762), Uzanovsky ( 1777) and others only for 1747-1795, between the second and fifth revisions, from the Voronezh, Kazan, Nizhny Novgorod, Penza, Simbirskaya, Perm province, more than 94 thousand males of peasants moved, including 30 thousand Russians, 20 thousand - Tatars, 19 thousand - Mordov, 18 , 5 thousand - the crust and more than 7 thousand men's shower - "baptized inners".
In the past century, the relocation in Bashkiria intensified. Only for its first half the population of the Orenburg Territory increased by 2.5 times. IN 1824 Kaznaya peasants of small-earth provinces were allowed to move into the Orenburg region and for 1824-1827 About 12 thousand people took advantage of this right.
By the beginning of the century, the Russians became the most numerous people in Bashkiria. IN 1912-1913 Only in the rural areas of the Ufa province lived 876.5 thousand Russian peasants. On the eve of the Great Patriotic War, the number of Russians reached 1281 thousand. The number of Russians in the republic is not reduced: in 1970- 1546.3 thousand, 1979- 1547.9 thousand and in 1989- 1548.3 thousand. The total number of Russians in Bashkortostan according to the results of the All-Russian census of 2002 is over a million 490 thousand people.
Russians prevail in old towns - Ufa, Birsk, Belebey, Sterlitamak. In relatively new cities, their share is significantly lower (Baimak, teaching, Sibay, etc.).
Tatara
1120.7 thousand live in Bashkortostan Tatar. As well as Russians, Tatars are not the indigenous population. They were formed within the middle Volga region and the Lower Kama. The resettlement of them to the east, including the territory of modern Bashkortostan, began with the second half XVI century.
The origin of the Tatars is mainly two theories. According to the first, known as Bulgarian (N. Karamzin, I. Berezin, V. Grigoriev, K. Nasyri, N. Chernyshevsky, etc.), the ancestors of the Volga (Kazan) Tatars occurred from Bulgar.
The second version, which arose almost simultaneously with the first, link the origin of the Volga (Kazan) Tatars with the Tatars of the Golden Horde and through them and with Tatar-Mongols XIII century S. M. Solovyov, G. I. Perestyatkovich, A. N. Ashmarin, M. N. Pokrovsky and others believed that Kazan Tatars are direct descendants of the goldside of the Tatars-conquerors who destroyed the Volga Bulgaria. The goldside hypothesis of the origin of Tatars has its supporters among scientists of various directions.
Tatars, mostly have a dark and bright Europeanoid appearance. Dark Europeanoid (Pontic) type is represented in 40% of Kazan Tatars, 60% -Mishares and up to 15% of baptized Tatars. The light European -ide type is characteristic of 20% of the Volga Tatars, 20%. His wishes and 44% crack. In addition, sublapoyoid or Ural (Volga-Kamsky) type and the Mongoloid (South Siberian) type, characteristic of the Tatar of the Golden Horde, which remained in a number of Turkic-speaking peoples (including part of the Bashkir south-east of the region) can also be distinguished. According to the degree of severity of the Europeanoid and mongoloid signs of Tatars, the Volga region and the priels are located between Uzbeks and Gagauz.
The total number of Tatars in Bashkortostan according to the results of the All-Russian census of 2002 is over 990 thousand people, and during the 2002 census for the first time after 1926, data on the number of persons who called themselves quicken, which in Bashkortostan amounted to 4.5 thousand people.

Belorus
Belarusians (self-talent) - part of the East Slavic population of the Primorsky Territory. Most of the Belarusians moved to Primorye in 1900-1906, i.e. Before the beginning of the Stolypin reform (10.5% of all immigrants of this period). In general, in the pre-revolutionary period, they accounted for 6.8% of the total number of peasants-immigrants. The main part of the Belarusians moved to the region at the end of the XIX - early twentieth centuries. Basically, these were immigrants from Vitebsk, Grodno, Mogilev and Minsk province. They were settled by compact groups in the foothills of Sikhote-Alin and other taiga areas of the region, that is, in the habitual forest areas: in the villages of the Ascension of the Ascension parish; Nikolaevka Ivanovo parish; and others. Masouts.
Belarusians along with Russian and Ukrainians belong to the eastern Slavs. According to the most common concept of the origin of Belarusians, the ancient tribes that dwell on the ethnic territory of Belarusians, - Dregovichi, Curivichi, Radmichi - as part of Kievan Rus, together with other East Slavic tribes consolidated in ancient Russian nationality. (There is also a point of view of an independent path of the formation of Belarusians from tribal formations.). In the 13th and 14th centuries, in the era of the political fragmentation of the Western Earth of the Old Russian state, the Great Principality of Lithuanian was included in the framework of which the formation of Belarusians took place. Specific features of the Belarusians were based on the regional characteristics of the ancient-Russian community. An important energy-forming factors were the relatively high economic and cultural level of the Eastern Slavic population, its large number and compact settlement. Little role was played by the language factor. The Western Dialect of the Old Russian language - the Old Belorussky - in the Grand Duch of Lithuanian served as a state language, in the 16th century a typography appeared on it.
Belarusian ethnic community developed in 14-16 centuries. The name of Belarusians, Belarus dates back to toponym White Rus, which in the 14th and eight of the century was applied to Vitebshchin and the Northeast of Mogilevs, and in the 19th - early 20th century, almost all of the ethnic territory of Belarusians also covered. In the 14-16th centuries, the western part of the future Minsk and Vitebsk province, Grodninschina (excluding Brestsina) was called Black Rus, and the southern swampy and wooded plain - woodland. The form of the modern name - Belarusians - originated in the 17th century. At the same time, a name appeared for the Belarusian-Ukrainian population - Hoody. Simultaneously there were ethnonians of Litvini, Rusins, Ruski. As self-sizing, the ethnonym Belarusians received widespread only after the formation of the Belarusian SSR (1919).
The formation of the Belarusian ethnic community occurred under the conditions of confessional contradictions between Orthodoxy and Catholicism, polonium in the era of the Commonwealth and Russification as part of Russia, to which Belarusian lands were departed as a result of three sections of Poland (1772, 1793, 1795). By the end of the 17th century, the Old Belorussian language was displaced from public life Polish. Publications on the literary Belarusian language, which created on the basis of a living spoken speech, appeared only in the 19th - early 20th century. The very fact of the existence of Belarusians as an independent ethnic community was questioned, Belarusians were trying to present part of Russians or Poles. As a result of the confessional disunity, the politicians of the Church and the state, the self-consciousness of Belarusians was often replaced by the idea of \u200b\u200bconfessional affiliation. Often they called themselves "Catholics" or "Orthodox", and often "Tophey", i.e. Local. At the end of the 19th century, the process of forming a national identity of Belarusians is enhanced. The total number of Belarusians in Bashkortostan according to the results of the All-Russian census of 2002 is over 17 thousand 117 people.

Mishari.
Another ethnographic group of the Tatar of the Middle Volga region and the Viurala - mishary. There is no reliable information about the start of the resettlement of Mishar to Bashkiria, but many scientists are unanimous in the fact that they are "the first and oldest of immigrants." Mishari Bashkiria - mostly people from the central provinces of Russia (Symbirian, Nizhny Novgorod, Kazan, Penza). And their migration to Bashkir lands was very intensive. IN 1738According to V. M. Cheremshansky, 1530 Mescheryak yards were considered in the Orenburg region. In Ufa Province in 1879 Misham was more than the Tatar, respectively, 138.9 thousand and 107.3 thousand. Census of the population conducted in 1926was the latter at which Mishari was taken into account separately from the Tatars. Then there were 136 thousand people. Next pre-war census 1939 And 2002 census took into account them as part of the Tatars.

Black
From the multi-speaking and input sedatives - Tatars, Misham, Mari, Chuvash, Mordvoy, and partly Bashkir formed an ethnographic group - tselyar
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