Good afternoon in German. Wishes in German
Learning foreign languages starts with basic things like greetings and farewells. German is a very diverse language, so there are many ways to say “hello” and “bye”.
In addition, almost every region of Germany has its own unique words of greeting and farewell. Often these words have interesting story and non-standard rules of use. If you want to travel freely in Germany, it is better to learn these standard etiquette phrases in advance.
In this lesson we will introduce you to the basic expressions that are used in Germany, Austria and Switzerland.
Learning to say hello in German in an informal situation
Hallo. This is one of the most popular German greetings, an analogue of the Russian “hello”. Unlike the Russian version, Hallo is used not only in informal, but also in official settings.
This is how you can greet teachers, work colleagues, and even your superiors if you have friendly relations.
Hallöchen. In German, you can form new greetings based on already familiar expressions and words. For example, Hallöchen. This word is formed from Hallo (hello) + chen (diminutive suffix). This translates into Russian as “hello.”
Halli hallo. It sounds quite unusual and is an informal way of greeting among close friends.
Please note that during a friendly meeting, it is customary among German youth to hug and sometimes even kiss.
What else do Germans say when they say hello?
In addition to the greeting expressions and phrases themselves, Germans often ask non-binding questions, such as “how are you” or “how are you feeling?” Here are the most common questions:
Wie geht’ s? This is short for wie geht es dir/Ihnen (how are you/you doing). A very common expression that is often used in conjunction with friendly greetings such as "Hallo" or "Hi".
Wie steht’ s? The expression literally translates as “what it’s worth.” Nonsense right? This is because the phrase is a parody of the expression wie geht's, which literally means “as it goes”, i.e. "How are you". Very often wie steht's is used together with wie geht's in the same greeting, for example, "Hallo, wie geht's, wie steht's?"
Wohin des Wegs? This is not exactly a greeting, but rather a related question that can often be heard during a conversation between two acquaintances in Germany. It translates approximately as “where are you going” or “where are you going”.
How to say hello in Germany at work and during official meetings
Guten Morgen. This is one of the most familiar expressions to Russians, which translates as “ Good morning" Morning in Germany starts from 6:00 to 12:00.
Guten Tag. "Good afternoon" is one of the basic formal greetings in the German language. Used from 12:00 to 18:00.
Guten Abend. Another greeting based on the time of day. It is translated into Russian as “ Good evening» and is used from 18:00 to 00:00.
All other time up to 6:00 is considered night. There is also a phrase for this time of day - Gute Nacht. As you might guess, it means “Good night” and is essentially not a greeting, but a farewell.
German also has shortened versions of formal greetings, such as Morgen, Tag, ‘n Abend. They are often used as a response to full greetings.
Mahlzeit. A popular greeting among good friends with a very interesting story. It comes from the expression "Gesegnete Mahlzeit", which is essentially a blessing before eating. Later, in the 19th century, the phrase was shortened to Mahlzeit, and even later it came to be used as a greeting in the middle of the day.
Please note that Mahlzeit is not commonly used in business or among office workers.
Regional greetings in Germany
The German language consists of a large number of mutually incomprehensible dialects. Even native speakers experience difficulties when meeting people from other regions. It is not surprising that almost every dialect has its own, unique greetings.
Grüß Gott. Approximate translation: "Greetings with God." The greeting came from Protestant backgrounds and is used today in the southern regions of Germany and Austria.
Grü ezi/ grü ezi miteinand. The Swiss version of the greeting translates as “hello.”
Servus. "Greetings" in Austrian.
Moin. Greetings to the north of Germany. Sometimes a double version of Moin moin is used.
The word Moin vaguely resembles the standard German Morgen, but, in fact, this similarity is coincidental and both greetings coexist perfectly together.
Gude. A common greeting in Hesse.
Jo/oh. Informal greeting to the Rheingau.
Professional greetings in Germany
In Germany, there are a large number of special greetings that are common only among people of a specific occupation.
Horrido- hunters and travelers.
Glück Auf- miners.
Gut Pfad- scouts.
Gut Wehr- firefighters.
Obsolete German pivets
Like any other language, German has many outdated greetings that should only be used in an ironic context.
Habe die Ehre. Something like “I have the honor.” In the past it was used to invite people to dance.
Salve. The greeting that came from Latin language and was popular until the 19th century.
Borrowed greetings in German
Often, when communicating with friends in Germany, you can hear greetings that came into the German language from other languages.
Hi. This greeting came to German from English and is also translated as “hello”. Thanks to the widespread fashion for the English language, Hi has become firmly entrenched among young people.
Salü/Salut. French version of a friendly greeting.
“Goodbye” or how to say goodbye in German in a formal setting
Auf Wiedersehen. Standard and official farewell. Russian translation is “goodbye”.
Please note that when talking on the phone, Germans never say “Auf Wiedersehen” because they cannot see the other person. Instead, a special form of "Auf Wiederhören!" is used, which literally translates as "before the hearing".
How friends say goodbye in Germany
Tschüss. Among friends, an informal farewell, “bye,” is more common. You can also say goodbye using this word in the business sphere if you have good relationships with your colleagues.
It's hard to believe, but the word tschüss comes from the French farewell adieu. The French adieu is derived from the Latin ad deum. In Belgium the phrase was pronounced adjuus. It is from this variant that the German farewell atschüs is later formed. It is believed that it was brought with them by the Huguenots who fled to Germany from France.
Tschü ssikowski. Derived from the word Tschüss and became popular after the release of the TV series Die Zwei. The suffix “owski” gives the word a funny Slavic sound.
Tschü ssie. Women's version of farewell. Translates roughly as “poki.”
Mach’ s gut. Full version mach es gut. An informal farewell, an analogue of the Russian “come on” or “byvay”.
Bis Dann- "see you later".
Regional farewells in German
Auf Wiederschauen. Austrian version auf Wiedersehen. The phrase is derived from the verb schauen - “to look”.
Adieu. "Bye" in Switzerland. Notice that the word sounds French? This is the French language. The fact is that in Switzerland there is quite a strong influence French and many words found their way into Swiss German from French.
Borrowed goodbyes
Ciao. As you might guess, ciao comes from the Italian language and is an informal way to say goodbye to someone you know. Compare, “ciao” in Russian.
More German practice with Christfof
If you want to learn to communicate in German, sign up for first free lesson in our online center. The class will be taught by one of our professional tutors from Germany– Christoph Deininger and Eliane Roth. They will be happy to answer all your questions related to the German language and German culture, and will also help you create the optimal class schedule.
Discreet and pedantic Germany, a country that millions of people from all over the world dream of visiting, at least for a week. There is everything for a great time here. Ski resorts, nightclubs, great restaurants, pubs and luxury hotels. Also located in Germany great amount medieval buildings and other architectural monuments.
But knowing the German language, you will enjoy a tour of this country even more, or you can simply download a Russian-German phrasebook if you cannot master this language.
Our phrasebook can be printed directly from the site or downloaded to your device, and all this is completely free. The phrasebook is divided into the following topics.
Appeals
| Phrase in Russian | Translation | Pronunciation |
|---|---|---|
| Hello (Good afternoon) | Guten Tag | Guten so |
| Good morning | Guten Morgen | Guten Morgen |
| Good evening | Guten Abend | Guten abent |
| Hello | Hallo | Hallo |
| Hello (in Austria and Southern Germany) | Gruss Gott | Gruess goth |
| Goodbye | Auf Wiedersehen | Auf Widerzeen |
| Good night | Gute Nacht | Gute nakht |
| See you later | Bis bald | Bis balt |
| Good luck | Viel Gluck/Viel Erfolg | Fil gluck / Fil erfolk |
| All the best | Alles Gute | Alles Gute |
| Bye | Tschuss | Chus |
Common phrases
| Phrase in Russian | Translation | Pronunciation |
|---|---|---|
| Show me… | Zeigen Sie mir bitte… | Tsaigen zi world bitte... |
| Give me this please... | Geben Sie mir bitte das | Geben zi mir bitte das |
| Give me please… | Geben Sie mir bitte… | Geben zi world bitte... |
| We would like… | Wir moechten… | Vir myhten... |
| I would like to… | Ich moechte… | Eh myyhte... |
| Help me please! | Helfen Sie mir bitte | Helfeng zi world bitte |
| Could you tell me...? | Koennen Sie mir bitte sagen? | Kyonnen zi world bitte zogen? |
| Could you help me...? | Koennen Sie mir bitte helfen? | Kyonnen zi world bitte helfen |
| Could you show me...? | Koennen Sie mir bitte zeigen? | Kyonnen zi world bitte tsaigen? |
| Could you give us...? | Koennen Sie uns bitte...geben? | Können zi uns bitte...geben? |
| Could you give me...? | Koennen Sie mir bitte…geben? | Kyonnen zi world bitte...geben? |
| Please write this | Schreiben Sie es bitte | Shreiben zi es bitte |
| Repeat please | Sagen Sie es noch einmal bitte | Zagen zi es nokh ainmal bitte |
| What did you say? | Wie bitte? | Vi bitte? |
| Can you speak slowly? | Koennen Sie bitte etwas langsamer sprechen? | Könneen zi bitte etvas langzame sprächen? |
| I don't understand | Ich verstehe nicht | Ikh fershtee nikht |
| Does anyone here speak English? | Spricht jemand hier englisch? | Shprikht yemand hir english? |
| I understand | Ich verstehe | Ih fershtee |
| Do you speak Russian? | Sprechen Sie Russisch? | Sprechen si russisch? |
| Do you speak English? | Sprechen Sie Englisch? | Sprechen si English? |
| How are you doing? | Wie geht es Ihnen? | Vi gate es inen? |
| All right, and you? | Danke, gut Und Ihnen? | Danke, gut Und inen? |
| This is Mrs. Schmidt | Das ist Frau Schmidt | Das ist Frau Schmit |
| This is Mr. Schmidt | Das ist Herr Schmidt | Das ist Herr Shmit |
| My name is… | Ich heise... | Eh haise... |
| I came from Russia | Ich komme aus Russland | Ikh komme aus ruslant |
| Where is? | Who is...? | In the ist...? |
| Where are they located? | Wo sin...? | In zint...? |
| I don't understand | Ich verstehe nicht | Ikh fershtee nikht |
| Unfortunately I don't speak German | Leider, spreche ich deutsch nicht | Leide sprehe ich deutsch nikht |
| Do you speak English? | Sprechen Sie Englisch? | Sprechen si English? |
| Do you speak Russian? | Sprechen Sie Russisch? | Sprechen si russisch? |
| Sorry | Entschuldigen Sie | Entshuldigen zi |
| Sorry (to get attention) | Entschuldigung | Entschuldigung |
| Thank you very much | Danke schon/Vielen Dank | Danke shön / Filen dank |
| No | Nein | Nine |
| Please | Bitte | Bitte |
| Thank you | Danke | Danke |
| Yes | Ja | I |
At customs
| Phrase in Russian | Translation | Pronunciation |
|---|---|---|
| Where is customs control? | wo ist die zollkontrolle? | in: ist di: tsolcontrolle? |
| do I need to fill out a declaration? | soll ich die zolleklärung ausfüllen? | sol ikh di: tsolerkle: runk ausfüllen? |
| have you filled out the declaration? | haben sie die zollerklärung ausgefüllt? | ha:ben zi di zollerkle:rung ausgefült? |
| Do you have forms in Russian? | haben sie formulare in der russischen sprache? | ha: ben zi formula: re in der rusishen shpra: he? |
| Here is my declaration | hier ist meine zollerklärung | hi:r ist meine zohlekrle:runk |
| where is your luggage: | wo ist ihr gepäck? | vo:ist i:r gapek? |
| This is my baggage | hier ist mein gepäck | hi:r ist main gapek |
| passport control | passcontrol | |
| show your passport | weisen sie ihren pass vor | Weizen zi i:ren pas for! |
| Here's my passport | hier ist mein reisepass | hi:r ist main risepas |
| I arrived on flight number... from Moscow | ich bin mit dem flug nummer … aus Moskau gekom-men | ihy bin mit dam flu:k nummer ... aus moskau geko-men |
| I am a citizen of Russia | ich bin burger russlands | ihy bin burgher ruslands |
| we arrived from Russia | wir kommen aus russland | Vir Komen Aus Ruslant |
| have you filled out the entry form? | haben sie das einreiseformular ausgefüllt? | ha:ben zi das einreiseformula:r ausgefült? |
| I need a form in Russian | ich brauche ein formular in der russischen sprache | ikh brau he ain formula: r in der rusishen shpra: he |
| the visa was issued at the consular department in Moscow | das visum wurde im konsulat in moskau ausgestellt | das vi:zoom wurde im konzulat in moskau ausgestelt |
| I came… | ich bin...gekom-men | ih bin... gekomen |
| for contract work | zur vertragserbeit | zur fertra:xarbyte |
| we came at the invitation of friends | wir sind auf einladung der freunde gekommen | vir zint aif einladunk der freunde gekomen |
| I have nothing to declare in the declaration | ich habe nichts zu verzollen | ih ha:be nihite tsu: fairzolen |
| I have an import license | hier ist meine einführungsgenehmigung | hi:r ist maine ainfü:rungsgene:migunk |
| come on in | passieren sie | pass:ren zi |
| go along the green (red) corridor | gehen sid durch den grünen(roten) korridor | ge:en zy durh dan grue:nen (ro:ten) corido:r |
| open the suitcase! | machen sie den koffer auf! | mahen zi den kofer auf! |
| these are my personal things | ich habe nur dinge des persönkichen bedarfs | ih ha:be nu:r dinge des prezyonlichen bedarfs |
| these are souvenirs | das sind souvenirs | das zint zuveni:rs |
| Do I need to pay duty on these items? | sind diese sachen zollpflichtig? | zint di:ze zahen zolpflichtih? |
At the station
| Phrase in Russian | Translation | Pronunciation |
|---|---|---|
| From which station do you go to...? | von welchem bahnhof fährt man nach...? | von welhem ba:nho:f fe:rt man nah? |
| where can I buy a train ticket? | Wo kann man die fahrkarte kaufen? | vo: kan man di fa: rkarte kaufen? |
| I need to get to Bremen as quickly as possible | ich muß möglichst schell nach Bremen gelangen | ihy mus moglikhst schnel nah bre:men gelyangen |
| Do you have a timetable? | wo kann ich den fahrplan sehen? | vo:kan ihy den fa:rplya:n ze:en? |
| From which station does the train depart? | von welchem bahnhof fährt zug ab | von welhem ba:nho:f fe:rt der tsu:k ap? |
| how much does the ticket cost? | was kostet die fahrkarte? | you costet di fa:rkarte? |
| do you have tickets for today (tomorrow)? | haben sie die fahrkarten für heute(für morgen)? | ha:ben zi di fa:rkarten für hoyte (für morgan)? |
| I need a ticket to Berlin and back | einmal (zweimal) Berlin und zurück, bitte | ainma:l (tsvaima:l) berley:n unt tsuryuk, bite |
| I prefer a train that arrives in the morning at... | ich brauche den zug, der am morgen nach…kommt | ich brauche den tsu:k der am morgan nah... comt |
| When is the next train? | wahn kommt der nächste zug? | van comte der ne:x-ste tsu:k? |
| I missed the train | ich habe den zug verpasst | ihy ha:be den tsu:k fairpast |
| From which platform does the train depart? | von welchem bahnsteig fährt der zug ab? | von welhem ba:nshtaik fe:rt der tsu:k ap? |
| how many minutes before departure? | Wieviel minuten bleiben bis zur abfahrt? | vi:fi:l minu:ten bleiben bis zur apfa:rt? |
| Is there a representative office of Russian airlines here? | gibt es hier das buro der russischen fluglinien? | gi:pt es hi:r das bureau: deru rusishen flu:kli:nen |
| where is the information desk? | wo ist das Auskunftsbüro? | in: ist das auskunftsbüro? |
| where does the express bus stop? | wo hält der Zubringerbus? | in: helt der tsubringerbus? |
| where is the taxi stand? | wo ist der Taxi-stand? | vo:ist dar taxistant? |
| Is there a currency exchange office here? | wo befindet sich die Wechselstelle? | in: befindet zikh di vexelstalle? |
| I want to buy a ticket for flight number... | ich möchte einen Flug, Routenummer … buchen | ikh myohte ainen flu:k, ru:tenumer...bu:hen |
| where is check-in for the flight...? | wo ist die Abfer-tigung für den Flug...? | in: ist di apfertigunk fur den flu:k....? |
| where is the storage room? | wo ist die Gepäckaufbewahrung? | vo: ist di gäpekaufbevarung? |
| no mine... | es fehlt… | es fe:lt…. |
| suitcase | mein koffer | main coffee |
| bags | meine tasche | maine ta:she |
| Who can I contact? | an wen kann ich mich wenden? | an wein kan ikh mikh vanden? |
| where is the toilet? | wo ist die toilette? | in: ist di toilette? |
| where is the baggage claim area? | wo ist gepäckaus-gabe? | vo:ist gapek-ausga:be? |
| On which conveyor can I receive luggage from flight number...? | auf welchem Förderband kann man das Gepäck vom Flug … bekommen? | auf welhem förderbant kan man das gepek vom flu:k ... backomen? |
| I forgot my case (coat, raincoat) on the plane. What should I do? | ich habe meinen aktenkoffer (meinen Mantel, meinen regenmantel) im flugzeug liegenlasen. was soll ich tun? | ih ha:be mainen aktenkofer (mainen mantel, mainen re:genshirm) im fluktsoik ligenlya:sen. you zol ikh tun? |
| I lost my luggage tag. Can I get my luggage without a tag? | ich habe cabin (den Gepäckanhänger) verloren. Kann ich mein Gepäck ohne cabin bekommen? | ih ha:be kabin (den gap'ekanhenger ferle:ren. kan ih main gap'ek |
At the hotel
| Phrase in Russian | Translation | Pronunciation |
|---|---|---|
| where is the hotel…? | wo befindet sich das Hotel…? | in: befindet zikh das hotel...? |
| I need a not very expensive hotel with good service | ich brauche ein hicht teueres Hotel | their brauhe…. |
| do you have rooms available? | haben sie freie zimmer? | ha:ben zi: fraye cimer? |
| a room has been reserved for me | für mich ist ein Zimmer reserviert | für mich ist ein cimer reserve:rt |
| the room is reserved in the name... | das Zimmer auf den Namen … reserviert | das tsimer ist auf den na:men ... reserve:rt |
| I need a single room | ich brauche ein Einzelzimmer(ein Einbettzimmer) | ich brauche ein einzelzimer (ein einbätzimer) |
| I would prefer a room with a kitchen | ich möchte ein Zimmer mit Küche haben | ihy möhte ain tsimer mit kühe ha:ben |
| I came here for... | ich bin hierger...gekommen | ihy bin hirhe:r ... gekomen |
| month | für einen monat | fur einen mo:nat |
| year | für ein jahr | fur ein ya:r |
| a week | für eine woche | für eine vohe |
| is there a shower in the room? | gibt es im zimmer eine Dusche? | Gipt es im tsimer aine du:she? |
| I need a room with a bathroom (air conditioning) | ich brauche ein zimmer mit Bad (mit einer klimaanlage) | ikh brauhe ain tsimer mit ba:t (mit ainer klimaanla:ge) |
| how much does this room cost? | was kostet dieses zimmer? | you costet di:zes tsimer? |
| it is very expensive | das ist sehr teuer | das ist ze:r toyer |
| I need a room for a day (for three days, for a week) | ich brauche ein zimmer für eine Nacht (für drei tage, für eine woche) | ikh brauhe ein tzimer für aine nacht (für dray tage, für eine vohe) |
| how much does a double room cost per night? | was kostet ein zweibettzimmer pro nacht? | you kosset ein zweibetsimer pro nakht? |
| does the room rate include breakfast and dinner? | sind das Frühsrtrück und das abendessen im preis inbegridden? | zint das fru:stück unt das abenthesen im price inbegrifen? |
| breakfast is included in the room rate | das Frühstück ist im preis inbergriffen | das fru:stück ist im price inbergrifen |
| We have a buffet in our hotel | in userem hotel ist Schwedisches Büffet | in unzerem hotel ist shwe:dishes buffet |
| when do you need to pay for the room? | wann soll ish das zimmer bezahlen? | van sol ikh das tsimer betsa:len? |
| payment can be made in advance | man kann im voraus zahlen | man kan im foraus tsa:len |
| this number suits me (does not suit me) | dieses zimmer passt mir(nicht) | di:zes tsimer past the world(niht) |
| here is the room key | das ist der schlüssel | das ist der shlyusel |
Walk around the city
| Phrase in Russian | Translation | Pronunciation |
|---|---|---|
| Gas station | Tankstelle | Tank-stelle |
| Bus stop | Bushaltestelle | Bus-halte-shtelle |
| Metro station | U-Bahnstation | U-ban-station |
| Where is the nearest... | Wo ist hier die naechste… | Vo ist hir di nextte... |
| Where is the nearest police station here? | Wo ist hier das naechste Polizeirevier? | Vo ist hir das nextte policeman-revere? |
| bank | eine Bank | aine bank |
| das Postamt | das postamt | |
| supermarket | Die Kaufhalle | di kauf halle |
| pharmacy | die Apotheke | di apotheke |
| pay phone | eine Telefonzelle | aine phone - celle |
| tourist office | das Verkehrsamt | das ferkersamt |
| my hotel | mein Hotel | main hotel |
| I'm looking for… | Ich suche... | Eh zuhe... |
| Where is the taxi stand? | wo ist der taxi-stand? | vo:ist dar taxistant? |
In transport
| Phrase in Russian | Translation | Pronunciation |
|---|---|---|
| Could you wait for me? | Koennen Sie mir bitte warten? | Können zi mir bitte warten? |
| How much do I owe you? | Was soll ich zahlen? | Are you angry or not? |
| Stop here, please | Halten Sie bitte hier | Halten zi bitte hir |
| I need to go back | Ich mus zurueck | Ih mus tsuryuk |
| Right | Nach rechts | Nah rehits |
| Left | Nach links | Nah links |
| Take me to the city center | Fahren Sie mich zum Stadtzentrum | Faren zi mikh tsum state-centrum |
| Take me to a cheap hotel | Fahren Sie mich zu einem billigen Hotel | Faren zi mikh zu ainem billigan hotel |
| Take me to a good hotel | Fahren Sie mich zu einem guten Hotel | Faren zi mikh zu ainem guten hotel |
| Take me to the hotel | Fahren Sie mich zum Hotel | Faren zi mikh tsum hotel... |
| Take me to the train station | Fahren Sie mich zum Bahnhof | Faren si mich zum banhof |
| Take me to the airport | Fahren Sie mich zum Flughafen | Faren zi mikh tsum fluk-hafen |
| Take me | Fahren Sie mich... | Faren zi mikh... |
| At this address please! | Diese Addresse bitte! | Diese addressse bitte |
| How much does it cost to get to...? | Was kostet die Fahrt… | Vas costet di fart...? |
| Call a taxi please | Rufen Sie bitte ein Taxi | Rufeng zi bitte ain taxi |
| Where can I get a taxi? | Wo kann ich ein Taxi nehmen? | Wo kan ihy ain taxi nemen? |
In public places
| Phrase in Russian | Translation | Pronunciation |
|---|---|---|
| Street | Strasse | Strasse |
| Square | Platz | Parade Ground |
| Town Hall | Rathaus | Rataus |
| Market | Markt | Markt |
| Central railway station | Hauptbahnhof | Hauptbahnhof |
| Old city | Altstadt | Altstadt |
| Push | Stosen/Drucken | Stosen/Drukken |
| To yourself | Ziehen | Qian |
| Private property | Privateigentum | Priphataigentum |
| Do not touch | Never mind | Nichtberuren |
| Free/Busy | Frei/Besetzt | Fry/bezetzt |
| For free | Frei | Fry |
| VAT refund (tax free) | Refund tax-free | Refund tax-free |
| Currency exchange | Geldwechsel | Geldveksel |
| Information | Auskunft/Information | Auskunft/information |
| For men/for women | Herren/Damen | Gerren/Damen |
| Toilet | Toiletten | Toiletten |
| Police | Polizei | Policeman |
| Prohibited | Verboten | Verbothen |
| Open / Closed | Offen/Geschlossen | Offen/geschlossen |
| No free places | Voll/Besetzt | Voll/bezetzt |
| Rooms available | Zimmer frei | Zimmerfrei |
| Exit | Ausgang | Ausgang |
| Entrance | Eingang | Aingang |
Emergencies
Numerals
| Phrase in Russian | Translation | Pronunciation |
|---|---|---|
| 0 | null | zero |
| 1 | ains (ain) | ains (ain) |
| 2 | tswei (tsvo) | tswei (tsvo) |
| 3 | drei | drive |
| 4 | vier | fir |
| 5 | fuenf | fünf |
| 6 | sechs | zex |
| 7 | sieben | ziben |
| 8 | acht | aht |
| 9 | neun | noin |
| 10 | zehn | price |
| 11 | elf | elf |
| 12 | zwoelf | zwölf |
| 13 | dreizehn | draizen |
| 14 | vierzehn | firzen |
| 15 | fuenfzehn | fyunftsen |
| 16 | sechzehn | zekhtseng |
| 17 | siebzehn | ziptsen |
| 18 | achtzehn | ahtzen |
| 19 | neunzehn | nounzen |
| 20 | zwanzig | tsvantsikh |
| 21 | einundzwanzig | ain-unt-tsvantsikh |
| 22 | zweiundzwanzig | tsvay-unt-tsvantsikh |
| 30 | dreissig | draisikh |
| 40 | vierzig | firtsikh |
| 50 | fuenfzig | funftsikh |
| 60 | sechzig | zekhtsikh |
| 70 | siebzig | ziptsikh |
| 80 | achtzig | awesome |
| 90 | neunzig | noincikh |
| 100 | hundert | hundert |
| 101 | hunderteins | hundert-ines |
| 110 | hundertzehn | hundert-tsen |
| 200 | zweihundert | zwei-hundert |
| 258 | zweihundertachtundfunfzig | zwei-hundert-acht-unt-fünftzich |
| 300 | dreihundert | dry-hundert |
| 400 | vierhundert | fir-hundert |
| 500 | funhundert | Fünf-Hundert |
| 600 | sechshundert | zex-hundert |
| 800 | achthundert | aht-hundert |
| 900 | neunhundert | noin-hundert |
| 1000 | tausend | Thousand |
| 1,000,000 | eine million | aine million |
| 10,000,000 | zehn millionen | Tsen Milyonen |
In the shop
| Phrase in Russian | Translation | Pronunciation |
|---|---|---|
| The change is incorrect | Der Rest stimmt nicht ganz | Dar rest stimmt niht ganz |
| Do you have something similar, only bigger (smaller)? | Haben Sie etwas Anliches, aber ein wenig grosser (kleiner)? | Haben zi etvas enliches abe ein wenig grösser (kleiner)? |
| It suits me | Das past world | Das past the world |
| It's too big for me | Das ist mir zu gross | Das ist mir zu gros |
| This is not enough for me | Das ist mir zu eng | Das ist mir tsu eng |
| I need a size | Ich brauche Grosse… | Ih brauche grösse... |
| My size is 44 | Meine Grose ist 44 | Maine Grösse ist fier und Vierzich |
| Where is the fitting room located? | Wo ist die Anprobekabine? | Vo ist di anprobe-cabinet? |
| Can I try this on? | Kann ich es anprobieren? | Kan ihy es anprobiren? |
| Sale | Ausverkauf | Ausferkauf |
| Too expensive | Es ist zu teuer | Es ist zu toyer |
| Please write the price | Schreiben Sie bitte den Preis | Schreiben ze bitte dan price |
| I'll take it | Ich nehme es | Ih neme es |
| How much does it cost? | Was it es (das)? | You costet es (das)? |
| Give it to me please | Geben Sie mir bitte das | Geben zi mir bitte das |
| I would like to… | Ich suche... | Eh zuhe... |
| Please show me this | Zeigen Sie mir bitte das | Tsaygen zi world bitte das |
| I'm just looking | Ich schaue nur | Ikh shaue nur |
Tourism
Greetings - the Germans are very friendly and welcoming people, and therefore you also need to know how to greet the inhabitants of Germany. Here are the words needed for this.
Standard phrases are common words that you can use during any conversation to keep it going.
Station - if you are confused by the signs and signs at the station, or don’t know where the toilet is, a buffet, or you need a platform, just find the question you need in this topic and ask a passerby how to get to this or that place.
Orientation in the city - so as not to get lost in big cities Germany, use this topic to find out from passers-by whether you are going in the right direction, etc.
Transport – if you don’t know how much the fare costs or want to find out which bus to get to your hotel or some attraction, find the questions you are interested in in this topic and ask them to passing Germans.
Hotel – a large list of useful questions and phrases that are often used during a hotel stay.
Public places - in order to clarify where the object you are interested in is located or public place, just find a suitable question in this topic and ask it to any passerby. Rest assured that you will be understood.
Emergency situations - it is unlikely that anything can happen to you in calm and measured Germany, but such a topic will never be superfluous. Here is a list of questions and words that will help you call an ambulance, the police, or simply inform others that you are feeling unwell.
Shopping – want to buy something you are interested in, but don’t know what its name sounds like in German? This list contains translations of phrases and questions that will help you make absolutely any purchase.
Numbers and figures - every tourist should know their pronunciation and translation.
Tourism – tourists often have all sorts of questions, but not everyone knows how to ask them in German. This section will help you with this. Here are the most necessary phrases and questions for tourists.
In today's article we will analyze wishes in German. After all, you can wish something to someone not only on holidays. Every day we wish something for our loved ones and acquaintances. For example - have a nice day or bon appetit.
First, let's look at:
General wishes in German
Before the trip, we wish our loved ones the following:
Gute Reise!– Have a nice trip! / Happy Travel!
Gute Fahrt!- Have a nice trip!
Guten Flug!- Have a good flight!
Kommen Sie gut nach Hause! – I wish you a safe journey home!
If people you know fall ill, we wish them:
Gute Besserung! – Get better! / Get better!
Bleib gesund!- Be healthy!
Before the meal:
Guten Appetit!- Bon appetit!
Lassen Sie es sich gut schmecken!- Help yourself! (wish to one or several people with whom you are on first name terms) Bon appetit!
Lasst es euch gut schmecken!- Help yourself! (if there are several people, with all of whom you are on first name terms). Bon appetit!
Lass dir es gut schmecken!- Help yourself! Bon appetit!
The following wishes also have their place in our everyday life:
Gute Erholung!- Have a nice rest!
Gute Nacht! Traum süß!- Good night! Sweet dreams! How to “sleep” in German and many more phrases on this topic, read here
Einen schönen Tag! – Have a good day! - in Germany you will hear such a wish many times a day: both from good friends and from sellers, doctors, teachers.
Einen erfolgreichen Tag! – Lucky day!
Schönes Wochenende!- Good weekend!
Ich drücke für dich die Daumen!– I wish you success! = I'm keeping my fingers crossed for you!
Viel Spaß!- Have a good time! - a German mother says every morning to her child, sending him to school, instead of edifying - study well, listen carefully! (Read here what else does such a mother do
You will hear the same wish from theater ticket sellers, from cashiers at entertainment establishments, and even from librarians - who will wish you a pleasant pastime with the book you borrowed.
The Germans may also wish for “neither fluff nor feather” - Hals- und Beinbruch! – Only the literal translation of this phrase is very crude: “break your neck and leg,” they want. But in response to this phrase, the Germans do not send anyone to hell, but only say - Danke!
What to wish for your birthday and other holidays?
Wishes in German for the holidays
The most universal German wish is Alles Gute! – Best wishes! Most often, the Germans get away with this - after all, EVERYTHING is already included in it - in this short wish, why bother?
You can make it a little more complicated by saying: Ich wünsche dir nur Allerbeste! – I wish you all the best!
Another simple and frequently used phrase is: Herzlichen Glückwunsch! – which translates as “congratulations.”
What do we most often wish for our loved ones? Happiness, health, success...
Do you want to wish a lot of happiness? - Tell: Viel Glück!
And if - great success - Viel Erfolg!
Wishes for good health can be expressed like this: Ich wünsche dir beste Gesundheit.
If you want to wish for something different, then here's something else for you small selection:
You can wish all your dreams to come true: ... dass alle Wünsche in Erfüllung gehen.
Or a lot of joy: Viele Freude!
You can wish for harmony - Harmonie, but you can - a lot of interesting ideas - viele interessante Ideen. And also strength - Kraft. Or maybe optimism? – Otimismus.
For people of creative professions, wish the following: Begeisterung– enthusiasm, Inspiration- inspiration, Creative- creation
And someone will be happy if you wish them surprises - Überraschungen, adventures - Abenteuer and a miracle - Wunder.
Or you can wish for everything at once, as in this postcard:
And if you want to express your wish in German more poetically, you can say this:
Ich wünsche dir…- this is how you can start each of the sentences below.
…gute Laune und farbenfrohe Stunden.– good mood and colorful hours.
…unzählige Sternschuppen für ganz viele Extrawünsche.– countless showers of stars for numerous desires.
…Kraft, damit du alle deine Sorgen zur Seite schiebe kannst.- the power with which you can push away all your worries.
.., dass du jeden Tag wenigstens einen Grund zum Lächeln hast. – so that every day you have at least one reason to smile.
In this lesson we will look at "morning" vocabulary. Of course, you can use the material from lesson 1 “Going to bed in German”, because... Some phrases are equally suitable for both evening and morning, but there are also typically “morning” expressions. We invite you to familiarize yourself with them in the Dictionary. If you don’t speak German well enough yet, learn a few phrases that you most often say to your child in the morning in the morning. native language. You can even write down the selected phrases and attach them above the crib, it will be a “cheat sheet” for you. Add at least one phrase every day, then in two weeks you will be able to “wake up” in German quite fluently. Once again I want to draw your attention to pronunciation. Be sure to control yourself, how you pronounce words and phrases, with what intonation. Try to listen to recordings of German speech more often, repeat after the speaker, achieving an accurate imitation of sounds and intonation. And don’t forget to include recordings of native speakers for your child. Indeed, for a child acquiring language, the sound side of speech is of paramount importance.
Many parents are concerned that they have "missed" time and the child is too "big" to start classes. Of course, learning from birth - perfect option, but you can start practicing this method at any age, if we are talking about the preschool period. True, older preschoolers 4-6 years old “advance” forward more slowly than younger ones (0 to 3 years old). It is not surprising, since the child has already mastered one language, the linguistic system of this language has already formed in his mind, and we offer him new language, which is superimposed, “fits” into this system. A child learning from birth simultaneously develops the linguistic systems of both languages.
Practical advice for those who start "late":
N a m i n a l k a. Watch your pronunciation, take time to improve your own speech skills.
Poems on the topic
Dreistimmiger Kanon Erwacht, ihr Schläfer drinnen! Gutenmorgenlied Hallo und guten Morgen Tür auf, Tür zu, Ohrenwackeln, Hinkebein, Sind jetzt alle wach- |
* The vocabulary for the Dictionary was prepared by Svetlana Fischer (Germany, Landshut).
German is spoken by millions of people, not only in Germany, but also in Austria, Switzerland, Liechtenstein, Luxembourg and other places around the world. Of course, to speak fluent German, you will have to study for a long time, but you can master the simplest phrases very quickly. Whether you're traveling to a German-speaking country, want to impress someone, or just want to learn a little about a new language, you'll benefit from the tips in this article. We will teach you how to greet people, introduce yourself, say goodbye, thank them, ask basic questions or ask for help.
Steps
Part 1
Greetings and farewells- "Guten Tag" (guten so) - "good afternoon" (used as the most common greeting during the day)
- “Guten Morgen” (guten morgen) - “good morning”
- “Guten Abend” (guten abent) - “good evening”
- “Gute Nacht” (gute nacht) - “ Good night"(said before bed, usually only between close people)
- “Hallo” (halo) - “hello” (used anywhere and anytime)
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Remember the difference between formal and informal address in German. In German, as in Russian, it is customary to address unfamiliar and unfamiliar people differently. strangers(formally, on “you”) and to close friends (informally, on “you”). However, unlike Russian, in German the polite “you” in the singular and “you” in the plural are two different words. For example, to ask someone's name, you would say:
- "Wie heißen Sie?" (vi haisen zi) - “what is your name?” (formally)
- "Wie heißt du?" (vi haist do) - “what is your name?” (informal)
-
Say goodbye. Forms of farewell, like greetings, may differ depending on where you are and who you are talking to. However, in general you can't go wrong with one of the following:
- "Auf Wiedersehen" - "goodbye"
- “Tschüss” (chyus) - “for now”
- “Ciao” (ciao) - “for now” (this word is Italian, but is often used by Germans)
Use standard greeting forms. Each German-speaking country has its own special greetings. However, the standard forms below will be appropriate in any of them.
Part 2
Starting a conversation-
Ask the person how he is doing. Not only will you be polite, but you will also demonstrate your knowledge of German!
Tell me how you are doing. If you are asked the question “wie geht es Ihnen?” or “wie geht"s?”, you can answer in different ways.
Ask the person where they are from. A good start to a conversation would be to ask your interlocutor what city or country he is from. There are the following phrases for this (both formal and informal).
- “Woher kommen Sie?” (woher komen zi) / “woher kommst du?” (voher comst du) - “Where are you from?” / "Where are you from?"
- “Ich komme aus...” (ikh kome aus...) - “I am from...”. For example, “ich komme aus Russland” (ich kome aus Russland) - “I am from Russia.”
- “Wo wohnen Sie?” (wo wonen zi) / “wo wohnst du?” (vonst doo) - “where do you live?” / "where do you live?". The verb “wohnen” is used with the name of a city, street, exact address; for a country or continent (but often for a city too) “leben” is used - “wo leben Sie?” (wo leben zi) / “wo lebst du?” (in lebst do).
- “Ich wohne in...” (ikh vone in...) or “ich lebe in...” (ikh lebe in...) - “I live in...”. For example, “ich wohne/lebe in Moskau” (ich wohne/lebe in Moscow) - “I live in Moscow.”
Part 3
Further communication-
Learn a few more simple useful phrases."Ja" means "yes", "nein" means "no".
- "Wie bitte?" (vi bite) - “I beg your pardon?” (if you need to ask again)
- “Es tut mir leid!” (es here is peace - “I’m sorry!”
- "Entschuldigung!" (entschuldigung) - “sorry!”
-
Learn to say "please" and "thank you." In principle, there is a formal and informal way of expressing gratitude, but the usual “danke” - “thank you” - can be used in any situation.
-
Learn to formulate simple requests and questions about objects. To find out if something is available in a store, restaurant or similar place, you can ask “haben Sie...?” (haben zi...) - “do you have...?” For example, "haben Sie Kaffee?" (haben zi cafe) - “do you have coffee?”
- If you want to ask about the price of something, ask the question “wie viel kostet das?” (vi fil costet das) - “how much does it cost?”
-
Learn to ask for directions. If you are lost or want to find a place, the following phrases will come in handy.
- To ask for help, say: “Können Sie mir helfen, bitte?” (kyonen zi world helfen, bite) - “Could you help me, please?”
- To ask for a location, say "Wo ist...?" (in ist...) - “where is...?” For example, “wo ist die Toilette, bitte?” (wo ist di toilette, - “where is the toilet?” or “wo ist der Bahnhof?” (wo ist der Bahnhof) - “where is the train station?”
- To make your question sound more polite, start it with an apology: “Entschuldigen Sie bitte, wo ist der Bahnhof?” (entschuldigen si bite, vo ist der Bahnhof) - “excuse me, please, where is the station?”
- To find out if a person speaks another language, ask: “Sprechen Sie englisch (russisch, francösisch...)?” (sprechen si english (russish, french...)), that is: “Do you speak English (Russian, French...)?”
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Learn to count in German. In general, German numerals follow the same logic as Russian or English ones. The main difference is that in numbers from 21 to 100, units are placed before tens. For example, 21 is “einundzwanzig”, literally “one and twenty”; 34 is “vierunddreißig” (firundreisikh), literally “four and thirty”; 67 is “siebenundsechzig” (zibenuntzekhtsikh), literally “seven and sixty” and so on.
- 1 - “eins” (ains)
- 2 - “zwei” (tswei)
- 3 - “drei” (dri)
- 4 - “vier” (fir)
- 5 - “ünf” (fuenf)
- 6 - “sechs” (zeks)
- 7 - “sieben” (ziben)
- 8 - “acht” (aht)
- 9 - “neun” (noyn)
- 10 - “zehn” (tseyn)
- 11 - “elf” (elf)
- 12 - “zwölf” (zwölf)
- 13 - “dreizehn” (draizen)
- 14 - “vierzehn” (firzein)
- 15 - “ünfzehn”
- 16 - “sechzehn”
- 17 - “siebzehn” (ziptsehn)
- 18 - “achtzehn” (achtzein)
- 19 - "neunzehn"
- 20 - “zwanzig” (tsvantsikh)
- 21 - “einundzwanzig”
- 22 - “zweiundzwanzig” (tsvayuntzvantsikh)
- 30 - “dreißig” (dreisikh)
- 40 - “vierzig” (firtsikh)
- 50 - “ünfzig”
- 60 - “sechzig” (zekhtsikh)
- 70 - “siebzig” (ziptsikh)
- 80 - “achtzig” (ahtsikh)
- 90 - "neunzig"
- 100 - “hundert” (hundert)