Synopsis of cognitive activities for older preschool children "the amazing is near." Is it possible to swim in fountains Where you can usually find a fountain with water
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Where can you find a water fountain 100 to 1
In the town of Sunderland, Great Britain, there is an unusual fountain, which is a whirlpool in a transparent cylinder, it is called that - fountain-whirlpool "Charybdis"(Charybdis) by designer William Pye (Vortex Fountain by William Pye).
Designer William Pye and had previously developed unusual fountains, but after the previous fountain, which is made in the form of a Clearwater Cube, in which he first used such a material as transparent acrylic, the designer really liked the material, since it is so transparent that it conveys all the shades of water, so I decided create something really unusual. After that, in 2000, a fountain was opened under the name - fountain-whirlpool "Charybdis" (Charybdis Vortex Fountain).
This unusual fountain - whirlpool "Charybdis" can be seen at the entrance to the Seaham Hall Hotel in Sunderland. It is a transparent flask-tube made of durable acrylic, 2.3 meters high and 2.4 meters in diameter, filled with water, into which an air-vortex flow is formed with the help of pumping systems, thus obtaining an artificial whirlpool with a funnel in the middle of the cylinder. In the "Charybdis" fountain, the water level in the pipe is constantly changing and the funnel in different time is at a different level, when almost at the bottom of the fountain, almost hiding in a hole at the bottom, and when it reaches its the highest level overflowing the edges of the cylinder into the catchment basin below.
The name of the Maelstrom Fountain "Charybdis" was taken from Greek mythology, where Charybdis is the personified representation of the all-consuming depths of the sea (etymologically Charybdis means a whirlpool). In the Homeric epic, Charybdis is depicted as a sea deity living in the Strait of Messene under a rock at an arrow's flight distance from another rock, which served as the seat of the six-headed monster Scylla (Homer, Odyssey, XII 101-107). Homer's charybdis has no individuality: it is just a sea whirlpool, disturbed by an invisible water goddess, who absorbs and erupts three times a day sea water under the second of the mentioned rocks. Even Poseidon was unable to save a man from death, trapped in a whirlpool between Charybdis and Scylla, where, however, Odysseus still managed to swim. Also in mythology, Charybdis is referred to as the daughter of Poseidon and Gaia. She is known for stealing a herd of oxen from Zeus, for which the ruler of Olympus punished Charybdis by striking her with lightning and turning her into a giant whirlpool that swallows ships.
Thanks to fountain-whirlpool "Charybdis" is made in the form of a transparent cylinder, then the whirlpool can be contemplated from any side and so you can watch the movement of water for quite a long time. 12 years after the installation of the Charybdis fountain in the city Sunderland, United Kingdom designer William Pye created another similar whirlpool fountain called - Caribdis, commissioned by the energy company CPFL, which was installed in Campinas, Brazil in 2012. Photos of the new Caribdis fountain can be seen below.
In the same year, 2012, another sculpture by William Pye (Vortex Fountain by William Pye) was installed - a whirlpool fountain "Charybdis 2" (Charybdis II) in the city of Ruwi, Oman. Photos of the Charybdis II fountain are below.
Video which shows fountain-whirlpool "Charybdis"(Charybdis) in Sunderland, UK:
Source: www.mirkrasiv.ru
Dry fountains operate in five parks in the capital. All of them are equipped with dynamic lighting, and every evening guests of the parks watch unique water shows. In hot weather, these fountains allow you to enjoy the coolness.
For summer recreation and sports in the capital's parks, created varied infrastructure: there are workout areas, courts, soccer fields, jogging paths, as well as rentals of sports equipment, scooters, segways and bicycles. The parks also offer free sports, creative and educational courses for adults. For example, in Gorky Park you can study foreign languages, and in Neskuchny Sad - fitness.
In "Zaryadye" and "Sokolniki" until August 31, twice a week, free two-hour master classes in sports dancing... Guests of the parks can not only master the incendiary movements of boogie-woogie and acrobatic rock and roll under the guidance of professional dancers, but also see performances by eminent masters. Participation does not require registration.
In addition, 37 city parks are held. They are conducted by 150 experienced certified instructors who know how to select programs for both beginners and those who are already familiar with yoga.
Ponds, reservoirs, fountains | No.4 (49) "2009
Humanity began to build fountains a long time ago. Initially, they were used exclusively as sources drinking water... But gradually people began to notice that moving water is surprisingly capable of interacting with the surrounding landscape. And very soon the fountain became one of the central images of both urban and landscape architecture.
It is customary to call a fountain a hydraulic structure with a closed cycle of water movement. That is, water is taken from a certain reservoir and returned to it. In the conventional sense, the water in the fountain is thrown either upward or, in extreme cases, to the side. Although today various water cannons are widely used in landscape design, imitating natural sources waters: streams, waterfalls, cascades. All of them, of course, also work in a closed loop, although this is sometimes not visible. Sometimes such devices are also called fountains.
So, any fountain includes a certain container with water, a pump, a supply hose and one or more nozzles (nozzles). Everything else (architectural framing, etc.) is optional. Fountains are classified mainly by the type of picture created by water moving in the air. This water is shaped by nozzles.
Small stationary fountains need to be changed periodically. In large fountains and ponds, these measures may not be enough; additional filtration equipment will need to be installed. For the winter, the fountain is preserved: the water is drained, and the equipment is taken for storage in a warm room.
Forms of water
Let us list what types of fountain spray nozzles (spray nozzles) are. The simplest is a single nozzle that throws small vertical jets to a certain height. A nozzle consisting of several of these sprays, raising water to different heights, creates a tiered fountain. The spinning nozzle, as the name implies, rotates and creates several spiraling streams. The geyser nozzle, which is a pipe with a nozzle at the end, forms a stream of water with a large number of air bubbles. The upper part of the bell nozzle is disc-shaped. The falling water forms a thin water dome that really resembles a bell. By adjusting the gap between the upper and lower parts of the nozzle, one or another wall thickness is achieved. The "tiffany" fountain is similar to a "bell", only under the disc the sprayer has several holes, and the water is thrown out not as a solid wall, but in separate jets of the same height, creating a very elegant pattern.
"Fishtail" is when, when water is ejected, several vertical streams are formed, fanning out and forming an almost continuous falling wall. In a “tulip”, the flow of water under pressure rises upward, forming a funnel expanding from above, and, falling in a circle, forms a thin water dome. In the “ring”, water is ejected vertically to the same height from the holes located around the circumference. The fountain-hemisphere is very popular today - the nozzle is a ball, a large number of tubes depart from it, from which water is thrown out.
High-power lamps provide a contrasting harsh lighting pattern with a sharp transition from light to shadow. To create a soft picture, low-power lighting devices are used, which are often supplied with colored filters so that the playing water blooms with all the colors of the rainbow.
On land and water
All fountains that can be found on the market today can be roughly divided into two large groups. The first group is traditional stationary fountains. A specially made bowl serves as a reservoir for water. Usually, these fountains represent some kind of architectural and sculptural composition. A particular type of stationary fountains can be called wall fountains. A small pool is located near the wall of a house or other structure in a semicircle. The architectural design of such fountains is mascarons (bas-reliefs in the form of a human face, head of an animal or bird). They are mounted on the wall and mask the hose. The second group of fountains is floating (submersible, pontoon). Their compositional basis is a certain water picture, and a reservoir for water is an existing pond (pond) on the site. Such fountains, unlike stationary ones, are not an independent element of landscape design, but are perceived in conjunction with the environment - a pond, trees, grass. For the most part, they are not made sculpturally, the form that the water itself creates is quite enough.
Note that the accepted division is somewhat arbitrary, since there are stationary fountains that organically fit into the natural and park landscape. First of all, these are the already mentioned springs, springs, waterfalls, cascades. But there are also figured compositions that use a pond as a reservoir, and nature as an environment.
Let's start with floating samples. Usually they are a ready-to-use complex consisting of a fountain pump with a nozzle attached to a special float. Sometimes the design also includes a lighting device. For it, fasteners are provided on the body of the unit, so that, if desired, the backlight device can be installed independently. The installation of these jet systems is extremely simple. They are fixed with an anchor or guy wires and connected to a power source. The advantages are quite obvious: first of all, there is no pressure loss to overcome the height difference from the bottom to the surface of the reservoir. There is no problem of uneven bottom. And the ease and simplicity of installation diversify the application possibilities. You are tired of the fountain, you can remove it or move it to another place. Moreover, you can take it with you, say, to a picnic in the countryside. You just need to take care of the generator as well. Submersible fountains also include devices in which the pump is placed at the bottom of the reservoir, and the nozzle is brought to the surface.
Of course, there are some subtleties. So, floating aquatic plants such as water lilies do not tolerate well when water is poured on them from above, so they should be far from the fountain. In addition, you need to think very carefully about which nozzle to choose if the pond is in an open place and is intensively blown. Thin high jets then obviously will not work - they will simply be carried outside the pond. In this case, it is logical to install either a recessed nozzle, which will create a kind of key on the surface of the water, or a geyser, which forms a powerful foamy stream that is resistant to gusts of wind. True, for a powerful geyser, a powerful pump is needed, so the cost will increase. Unlike water bodies in stationary fountains, the main burden falls on the decorative design. It can be sculptures and various architectural forms made of stone, metal and other materials.
The fountain bowl, which serves as a storage for water, is usually assembled from individual elements, the seams between which are sealed with special waterproofing compounds, usually supplied by the manufacturer in the kit. Further, a central figure is installed in the bowl, and sometimes along the perimeter - a series of minor ones, smaller in size. The most classic architectural form is also a bowl. It is designed for all-round visibility, therefore, fountains with a bowl are usually located in the center of the landscape zone. Bowls can be very simple or more sophisticated curly. Fountains from several bowls with overflow of water are also common. They are, as it were, strung on a vertical pillar, at the bottom - the largest, on top - the smallest. Water from the upper bowl pours into the one located under it, from the second into the next, forming a kind of cascade.
In addition to bowls, fountains with sculptural images of people and animals are widespread. Most often, these sculptures are made of artificial stone. Simply put - polymer concrete. Due to the presence of plasticizers, the product becomes resistant to temperature extremes and, accordingly, durable. Coloring is also done in bulk, which ensures color fastness. You can additionally treat the fountain with hydrophobic compounds, then it will not be afraid of almost any element. True, many people prefer not to do this, so that over time the sculpture looks old.
The most standard options are girls with jugs from which water flows, playing or, sorry, pissing boys, angels. Large fountains are usually not decorated with figurines of animals (frogs, elephants and geese). Their place is not in the center of the park, but on the banks of a pond or stream. Somewhere in the same place, in the thicket of the Moorish lawn, fountains are installed in the form of mushrooms, through which water flows, or stone flowers covered with abundant dew.
But this is, so to speak, a democratic option. There are also finished products from ceramics and, of course, from natural stone (sandstone, shell rock, granite or even marble, although this is not very practical). But expensive. These fountains are often custom made. Most often they are very voluminous and usually serve as the compositional center of the landscape, where all the paths and alleys converge and around which hedges, flower beds, and benches are located as a frame. And the streams ascending upward are visible from everywhere. Of course, such ceremonial fountains belong to large areas.
But it is absolutely not necessary to install a monumental stone structure on your site. Today on Russian market you can find expensive and exclusive fountains that take up very little space and are at the same time true works of art. For example, the collection of fountains by the English company Alexander Rose. These fountains are handmade from copper, imitating trees, shrubs, flowers and natural compositions, including even dragonflies. Flower petals are made of Murano glass, and copper branches and leaves are covered with a patina over time, which further fits them into the surrounding nature. To install the Alexander Rose fountains, a pond with a diameter of 1.3 to 2.5 m is required.
Pumps
To raise water, you can use conventional submersible volumetric-inertial pumps, but more often they still use special fountain units. Moreover, the products on the Russian market are quite a large number manufacturers. Fountain pumps, like water-lifting pumps, are submersible or surface, installed on land. Submersibles are placed at the bottom of the reservoir on some stone or a specially made stand (it is not recommended to place the pump directly on the bottom - sludge will be sucked in) or float on a float together with a nozzle. Surface ones are inserted into the foundation or inside the sculpture, buried in the ground (in a technical box), masked with bushes or stones.
Text: Alexander Sparber
Creative project "Fountains" Project author: 11th grade student of MBUSOSH village Tumutuk Khanipova Rezida Project objectives: To get acquainted with the principle of the fountain. Using the properties of communicating vessels, build a fountain model. Project objectives: o To tell about the beauty of the fountains. o Explain the benefits of fountains. The first stage of the project: informational. They say there are three things that you can look at endlessly - fire, water and stars. The air near the reservoir is always clean, fresh and cool. And it is not in vain that they say that water - "cleans", "washes", not only the body, but also the soul. Already in ancient times, people thought about how to create artificial reservoirs, they were especially interested in the riddle of running water. The word fountain is of Latin-Italian origin, it comes from the Latin "fontis", which translates as "source". In its meaning, this means a stream of water beating upwards or flowing out of the pipe under pressure. There are water fountains of natural origin - springs gushing with jets. In nature, there are giant fountains of hot water and steam. They are called geysers. They can often be found near volcanoes. From an architectural point of view, a fountain is a structure that serves as a base or a fence for streaming up and down streams of water. The fountains were originally built as a public source of drinking water. Later, the combination of green spaces, moving water from fountains and architectural compositions became one of the means of performing unique artistic and imaginative solutions in modern architecture. A modern city cannot be imagined without a fountain. Light and music fountain in the city park of Almetyevsk. Dynamic light fountain on the square near the Neftche recreation center in Almetyevsk (reconstruction). Fountain in the park of Leninogorsk. The upper bowl of the fountain composition of the YAN sanatorium of the Almetyevsk region of the Republic of Tatarstan. Communicating vessels Vessels that have a communication with each other or a common bottom are usually called communicating. Such vessels are often found in life. Various teapots, watering cans, water-measuring glasses for steam boilers, a bent pipe with a knee - all these are examples of communicating vessels. The free surfaces of a liquid at rest in communicating vessels of any shape are at the same level. The water poured into the watering can, into the kettle, fills both the spout of these vessels, and so that columns of the same liquid of the same height produce the same pressure. If the liquid in the communicating vessels is at different levels, then the so-called liquid pressure is created. Head is the pressure that produces the weight of a column of liquid with a height equal to the level difference. Under the influence of this pressure, the liquid, if the clamp is removed, will flow into the vessel where its level is lower, until the levels are equal. Water falling from a height, for example, in mountain rivers, near a dam, has a natural pressure. The higher the dam, the greater the pressure of the water raised by this dam. In technology, the pressure of water is often called the difference in water levels in communicating vessels. What is the use of them? Relaxation and stress relief. The perfect fountain is your first step to a new level of relaxation and awareness. Your goal is to achieve a higher sense of peace, tranquility and serenity. There are many fountains that can relieve your stress. Accomplishment and decor. A fountain can become a vibrant center that draws people's eyes to itself and enhances the beauty of any room. It serves as a functional decorative piece that can be enjoyed while contemplating and listening. Fountains are often found in gardens, hallways, offices, waiting rooms, lobbies, living rooms and bedrooms. Softening unpleasant noises. The bubbling and light gurgling of water that fountains emit can mask unpleasant sounds. A person in a waiting room with a fountain will hear the calm, flowing sounds of water instead of distracting noises from other offices. Fountains can muffle the sounds of television, distantly ringing telephones, or noisy neighbors. They are a great way to heighten a sense of tranquility in any room. Waterfall fountains can be especially useful for reducing unpleasant background sounds when you are enjoying your garden. Natural air humidification. Another benefit of fountains is that if there is a lack of moisture, they will instantly restore balance in any room. Not only do they emit the soothing sounds of bubbling water instead of an unpleasant buzzing sound, but they also do not contribute to the formation of mold and mildew. Fountains will revitalize your indoor plants, and alleviate allergies and dry skin associated with a lack of moisture in the air in winter. The second stage of the project: practical work. In order to build a model of a fountain, you need a reservoir with water, for example, a wide can, a rubber or glass tube, a pool from a low can. The higher the reservoir is raised and the thinner the outlet, the higher the water jet will hit. Therefore, it is better to use a pipette for the fountain tube, removing the rubber band from it. The rest of the device can be disguised by creating a model of a beautiful corner of the garden with a fountain Today, as at all times, our urgent task is to protect nature and respect it. Fountains will help us with this. And not only this: the use of tools from available tools makes learning and the development of creative abilities effective. The most important thing: physics is not scary, physics is interesting!
We decided to find out how clean the water is in the fountains of Yekaterinburg. We chose the three most popular ones and entered the technical room where the water is filtered. We will tell you who and how cleans private and city fountains in the center and why you cannot actually swim, let alone drink from them - even if you really want to.
Fountain near the Yeltsin Center
Water enters the circulation pump from the fountain bowl, passes through a sand filter, and then returns back. The preparation of the liquid is carried out in a technical room, which is located on the first floor of the Yeltsin Center, practically under the fountain. The door is always closed, so an ordinary visitor is unlikely to be able to look into the room.
The Yeltsin Center warns that you cannot drink water from the fountain or swim in it. The fountain uses ordinary tap water with the addition of a reagent (identical to that usually found in the pool). This is necessary for the pumps to work properly, as well as to ensure that the water is clear and does not acquire a specific odor over time. The water does not pass any disinfection for domestic needs.
The fountain control is fully automated. It is enough to set the desired tempo of the moving water jets, the illumination scheme once, and the computer will do everything by itself. The system is so sensitive that it is able to read the speed, wind direction and adjust the pressure on its own. The computer transmits all data via Wi-Fi, so the system can be controlled remotely.
Fountain at the "Passage"
Here, filtering follows the same pattern. Water falling to the ground is collected in a special chute, from which it enters the tank. Then cleaning begins. Water seeps through a sand filter, undergoes ultraviolet disinfection. All this takes place in a technical room in the basement under the square.
It is impossible to get into the basement under the fountain without the permission of the administration of the "Passage". Therefore, we invite you to see what the water purification system looks like in our report.
Industrial water is used in the fountain, therefore it is forbidden to drink it, swimming is also not recommended. Once on the ground, water interacts with dust, and sometimes cigarette butts are hammered into the fountain ... Disinfection for domestic needs, as, indeed, in other fountains, does not pass water on the square in front of the "Passage". Allowing children to swim or not is a personal matter for parents, they say in the administration. In the "Passage" they promise that they will soon hang a warning sign near the fountain.
Fountain in the square of the Opera House
Water in city fountains also undergoes only coarse purification: through a sand filter and ultraviolet light. All fountains (except for the light and music fountain "Iset") use tap water.
The water in the fountain is changed, as a rule, once a week. If the water evaporates, the tank is automatically filled to the correct level.
Drinking water from the fountain and swimming in it is prohibited. However, during our shooting, only dogs swam in the fountain behind the Opera House.