Folk legends in Ukrainian. The most interesting legends of Ukrainian castles
How did the mood in “Nezalezhnaya” change a year after the Euromaidan?
On Friday, February 20, on the anniversary of the shooting of the Kyiv Euromaidan by snipers, Ukrainian President Petro Poroshenko accused Russian presidential aide Vladislav Surkov of leading this operation.
“Just the other day, the leadership of the SBU (Security Service of Ukraine) informed me that the Alpha fighters interrogated by it testified that the assistant to the Russian President Vladislav Surkov led the organization of sniper groups of foreigners on the Maidan,” Poroshenko said during the presentation ceremony state awards family members of the “heroes” of the “Heavenly Hundred”.
According to the head of the Ukrainian state, the investigation gained access to recordings of private telephone conversations between Viktor Yanukovych and representatives of Russian security forces. Poroshenko claims that “they prepared together in advance for the execution of activists.”
Earlier, on Friday morning, the head of the SBU, Valentin Nalyvaichenko, made a similar statement.
“They (Alfa fighters) gave specific evidence of the location of foreign sniper groups who were aiming at both the protesters and employees of the Ministry of Internal Affairs. Within the framework of this proceeding, there are positions, names, copies of passports, dates of their entry and exit, what communications they used, what premises they were in, as an adviser to President Putin, Surkov supervised them in Kiev,” Nalyvaichenko said on the talk show “Right to power" on the Ukrainian TV channel "1+1".
Such an accusation seems absurd - but only at first glance. In fact, it quite logically fits into the new mythological space in which Ukraine now lives.
The coup that took place in Kyiv a year ago – or the “Revolution of Dignity”, as Ukrainian ideologists called it – divided “Independence” into “before” and “after” the Maidan. And these two countries, separated in time, differ significantly from one another. This is evidenced by legends and myths circulating in Ukrainian society.
Myths “before the Maidan” told mainly about the greatness of the Ukrainian nation. And with such Khlestakovism that it was breathtaking. In these myths, Ukrainians discovered Alaska and were among the first explorers of the Aleutian Islands. Ukrainian princes and princesses entered into legendary marriages - either the princess became the wife of the founder of the Hungarian state, Janusz, or the prince married the first Georgian queen Tamara. “In my opinion, Ukrainians have a special role in the development of world civilization. I would call it a donor,” said MP Petro Yushchenko, who was working at that time on the project of the art gallery “Ukrainians in the World,” in the mid-2000s, citing these examples.
Historians of “Nezalezhnaya” seriously argued that the Ukrainians are the descendants of the ancient Trypillians, who lived 5 millennia (!) BC, and built such a high civilization, to which Ancient Egypt would have to grow and grow. They swore that the Trypillian culture was “strikingly similar to the culture of the islands of the Aegean Sea,” and that “at that time there was single space– not only cultural, but also ethnic.”
Yes, there were also myths that were openly anti-Russian, but they also appealed to the past. For example, the “Holodomor” was presented as a sophisticated genocide of the Ukrainian people, perpetrated by Moscow. Or the myths about the victorious wars of the Ukrainian Cossacks with the “Muscovites” (we know these events as the Russian-Polish War of 1654-1667), the crown of which was considered “ great battle"at Konotop in 1659, when supposedly 15,000 Ukrainians under the command of Hetman Vygovsky destroyed "150,000 Russian invaders and the entire flower of the Russian nobility." At least, this is how this “great victory” (in reality, it was about the destruction of the 6,000-strong Russian avant-garde by the Tatar cavalry) is presented in Ukrainian history textbooks.
But after the Maidan, the mythological space of Ukraine changed dramatically. Its “red corner” is occupied by the myth of the “Heavenly Hundred” - the struggle of Ukrainian martyrs against absolute evil. The evil is, naturally, aggressive Russia, which is supposedly fighting in the South-East and trying to tear Ukraine apart.
This also includes a swarm of myths, so to speak, of the second order. The fact that as soon as the United States arranges supplies of lethal “weapons of retaliation” to Ukraine, Donbass will be defeated, stories about ferocious Chechens from Russia who destroy “cyborgs” in the Southeast, about an armored division that arrived in Donbass straight from Ulan-Ude , and staffed by Buryats. And, of course, the myth that Crimea lives in such unbearable conditions that it sleeps and dreams of how to quickly return to the rule of Kyiv.
And there are countless stories like this. What do new legends and myths of Ukraine demonstrate?
“The Ukrainian mythological space is determined by three basic myths,” says Deputy Director of the Center for Ukrainian and Belarusian Studies, Moscow State University. M.V. Lomonosov Bogdan Bezpalko. – All of them indicate that Ukrainians are not only not Russian people, but have a completely different ethnic, national and even racial origin.
First of all, this is a historical myth. For Ukrainians, let me remind you, their own history was created. Her “father” is one of the leaders of the Ukrainian national movement, professor at Lviv University in 1894-1914 - and, by the way, member of the USSR Academy of Sciences - Mikhail Grushevsky. He is the author of “The History of Ukraine-Rus” - a ten-volume monograph that became the subject of heated scientific debate and laid the foundations of the modern Ukrainian historical school.
Roughly speaking, Grushevsky singled out a territory that he considered Ukraine, and considered everything that belonged to this territory to be national, ethnic and Ukrainian.
Another myth is the Ukrainian language. According to research by the American Gallup Institute conducted in 2008, 83% of Ukrainians surveyed prefer to use Russian in everyday communication. At the same time, now most of these people are foaming at the mouth to prove that their native language– Ukrainian, that it has always been oppressed, and now it needs to be revived. At the same time, they see the revival solely in limiting the rights of the Russian language.
The third basic myth is the ethnic myth. According to this myth, the ethnic characteristics of Ukrainians are sharply different from the inhabitants of Russia.
Put together, these myths set the basic vector in the public consciousness: Ukrainians are people who suffered from the Russians, and Ukraine is anti-Russia.
The remaining myths are derivatives of the basic ones. For example, the myth about the movement of Ukraine to Europe, which was popular during the last Maidan. It seemed to many then that as soon as Square entered into an association with the EU, Ukrainians would begin to receive salaries and pensions in euros, corruption would disappear in the country, and roads would become perfectly smooth. In fact, the desire to go to Europe was a reflection of the myth about the “differences” between Ukrainians and Russians. The idea was that Ukrainians are Europeans, and Russians are representatives of the Asian (that is, negative) type.
And Russia, which was assigned the role of “pole of evil” on the Maidan, is also an echo of this myth. After all, it was opposed by the “pole of good” - Europe.
- How have Ukrainian myths changed after the Maidan?
– Now, after the military defeat of Kyiv, after two “cauldrons”, a collapse in the economy and the threat of the actual collapse of the state, it would seem that many Ukrainian myths should collapse. However, this did not happen. On the contrary, for the mythologized nationalist consciousness of a huge number of Ukrainians, negative realities turn out to be something insignificant. But the confrontation – imaginary or real – between Ukraine and Russia remains significant for them.
These people eagerly accept Ukrainian propaganda that Russia is allegedly carrying out aggression in the South-East. Yes, this has nothing to do with reality - but the myth has never been based on reality. Myth is a part of consciousness that itself creates a new reality. In this new reality Ukraine still lives.
- How will the situation develop?
– I think that more and more new anti-Russian myths will be created in Ukraine, and the Ukrainian pantheon will be replenished with anti-Russian heroes. Mazepa, Petliura, Bandera and Shukhevych will now, presumably, be joined by representatives of the “Heavenly Hundred” and, perhaps, one of the “cyborgs” who died at the Donetsk airport.
These new myths will be broadcast through the media and driven into heads through the education system. And ultimately, to form the image of a “correct” – deeply anti-Russian – Ukrainian...
“Any mythology built on the glorification of traitors, collaborators, traitors is not viable,” I am sure professor of military humanitarian university, doctor historical sciences, Colonel Yuri Rubtsov. – At the center of Ukrainian mythology are such figures as Mazepa, Bandera and Shukhevych. Can a normal society, a nation - if Ukrainians are looking for their identity - rely on this kind of ideological foundations? Of course not.
In my opinion, after the Euromaidan, the trend in Kyiv’s frontal ideological offensive became quite clear. It consists in an unconditional rejection of the entire past - from the achievements of the Russian and Ukrainian peoples, including the victory in the Great Patriotic War.
I will give just one example as proof. The other day, Verkhovna Rada deputy Yuriy Bublik submitted to parliament a resolution on celebrating the 125th anniversary of the Ukrainian nationalist Kirill Osmak on May 9. Osmak is known for being a Banderaite, a deputy of the Ukrainian National Rada, subordinate to the German occupation government, and in 1944, together with the head of the UPA Shukhevych, he created and headed the Ukrainian Main Liberation Council.
In a word, in Ukraine people who cannot stand the test from the point of view of elementary morality are raised to the shield. IN Lately this is done regularly.
- Why is this happening?
– The current Ukrainian elite, which came to power in the wake of the coup d’etat, is trying to define a Ukrainian identity that could attract some part of society to their side. And while Ukraine is immersed in a propaganda frenzy, it is succeeding.
I think that sooner or later life will discard these myths and reveal their complete insignificance. But, unfortunately, public consciousness is a very inertial thing, especially when it is supported by rabid propaganda. Therefore, one should not expect that the Ukrainian anti-Russian mythology will disintegrate instantly...
Castles and fortresses rightfully occupy first positions in the ratings the most visited places in Ukraine.
Almost every fortress has its own ghosts. Huge underground passages were dug from almost every one, so gigantic that an entire cart with four horses could pass through there.
In a word, there are many legends, but maybe they are not legends at all? We decided to collect the most unusual, interesting, in our opinion, stories about Ukrainian castles.
Survived countless of its owners and residents, dozens of assaults and sieges and survived for almost perfect condition to the present day.
This fortress was most glorified by two women - Sofia Bathory and Ilona Zrini - mother-in-law and daughter-in-law, who, while managing the castle, also managed to quarrel with each other.
And if Ilona went down in history as a brave defender of the fortification, then Sofia Bathory suffered mystical, terrible glory.
It is often said that this woman had an addiction to human blood and not only killed for it, but also took blood baths, sacrificing 13-year-old virgins.
From Transcarpathia we will go to the Lviv region, namely to the Olesky Castle, in the Bug region. There are, of course, ghosts here, but they are not what we will be talking about. This castle is especially important for the Poles because the future King of Poland, John III Sobieski, was born here in 1629.
And it is precisely about his birth that there is much interesting legend. They say that the mother gave birth to the future commander during a thunderstorm.
But even more dramatic is that at the same time the castle was attacked by the Tatars. And just when the midwife laid the baby on the black marble table, thunder struck. As a result, the table cracked and the woman went deaf. Then it was explained as a prophecy: the baby should become a special person.
In 1951 in Olesko Castle Ominous lightning struck again, which started a terrible fire. But the building survived. Although over all the years of its existence the walls were practically destroyed. And only a few decades ago, practically from ruins, the castle was restored.
The castle was built in the late 1630s. First it belonged to Hetman Stanislav Koniecpolski, later to Jan III Sobieski, then to Waclaw Rzewuski; in addition to the holders of the crown, it also belonged to the landowners Sengushki.
And everyone who, from the 18th century until now, had to spend at least a night within the legendary walls, saw its terrible secret.
Translucent, in a white robe and with a black face, Maria. Who is this woman whose ghost was seen by almost all the residents of the village?
It turns out that the soul of the murdered young wife of Vaclav Zhevuski, Maria, has not found peace. He actually killed the countess in a fit of jealousy. He hid the body somewhere in the castle, since he could not bury his victim with all the rituals. Some old-timers say that the body of the young wife was walled up in the stone walls of the castle.
Kremenets Castle
Photo instagram.com/chaban.denis
Well, now we offer go to Ternopil region, namely to its Volyn part - . There, today, from Mount Bona, on which the castle stands, there is a very beautiful view.
There is a very ancient legend about these places.
Allegedly, many years ago, even before Kievan Rus and long before the construction of the real castle, the daughter of the Dulib governor of Tours named Irva admired the landscapes every morning from the high (then) fortress tower. Suddenly the mountain was surrounded by an enemy army of Avars.
Seeing the beautiful Irva above, the hostile ruler fell madly in love. He demanded that Irva be given to him. Having learned about this, the girl decided to refuse.
Photo funtime.kiev.ua
Lock lost among the reeds Odessa region.
On the coast of the Tiligul Estuary you can discover something special. A destroyed bridge hints that a river once flowed here. Now Kuris Palace- This architectural monument of national importance, and once it was a unique building of the family estate of Lieutenant Colonel Ivan Onufrievich Kurys.
The estate was not built immediately. In the 1810-1820s, its eastern wing was designed, and in 1891-1892, the main part of the building. The palace was completed after the death of its first owner. Architectural composition palace ensemble embodies the Moorish style using Gothic elements.
This type of construction contrasted sharply with other ancient buildings that were being built at that time in Ukraine. The most striking detail of the ancient part of the building, and all Kuris Palace, is an octagonal tower resembling a minaret.
It rises high above the building, allowing you to notice the estate itself from afar. In the new part of the building, a large hall was provided for receiving guests, holding balls and celebrating various celebrations.
Its striking feature was that the main lighting came through the roof. The ceiling was supported by columns, which were decorated with alfrey paintings. This spoke of the emergence of romanticism in the architectural style of Ukraine in the 19th century.
At both sides Kuris Palace was decorated with one-story arcades.
Castle - ship
In the village of Sidorov in the Ternopil region, over the Sukhodol River, the ruins of a castle - a ship - rise into the sky. Built in the 1640s by the Polish crown hetman, voivode of Chernigov Marcin Kalinowski, the castle, with its unusual elongated shape, really resembles a ship. Its length is 178 meters and its width is 30 meters.
The “nose” part of the castle, a majestic tower that served to monitor the area. In the event of an enemy attack, the river would be blocked with dams, and the fortress-ship would end up on an island, among swamps and lakes.
Every old castle keeps his legends. Many of them contradict stories, some are not true at all. However, people tend to believe in them.
Because life is more interesting when you are surrounded by mystical fiction, fairy tales, and legends.
Don't waste time and travel around Ukrainian castles!
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Legends about plants and creatures to the project “Folk Symbols of Ukraine” for 3-4 grades by Maria Vasylivna Pylypchynets.
LEGEND
Kozhen people wear folk symbols. National symbols are those that the Danish people love and love the most. Some nations have more of them, others have less. By naming a national symbol, one can recognize what kind of country and language it is. So, if we say maple, then we know that it is the symbol of Canada.
There are a lot of songs and legends about folk symbols, and they are mentioned in rituals and ceremonies. They are hung on shirts and towels. National symbols are our shrines.
Folk symbols of Ukraine: plants and animals. Tree symbols include viburnum, willow, oak, poplars, periwinkle, and black-brown trees. They have long distinguished the beauty of our Ukraine, the spiritual meaning of the people, and convey love to the native land.
Willow
For a long time, our people's favorite tree has been the willow. “Without willow and viburnum, there is no Ukraine,” says the people’s order. It is important to see our land without willow. We have about 30 species. Say: “Where there is water, there is a willow.” With its roots, it creaks the banks and purifies the water. When they dug a spring, they threw in a piece of willow log to purify the water. A willow plank was placed near a bucket of water, and a pot for drinking water was placed on it. There was a special kind of public hygiene.
Under the willows, the young began to study, and found themselves in the kohanna.
People have sung many songs about the quiet, modest willow. In many works, I guess the willow and T. Shevchenko. While resting on the deserted waters of the Caspian Sea, Shevchenko planted a pussy willow. After watering the wine, looking at it, the bona yoma on Vtikha grew. The growth of Shevchenkov's willow and dosi. Our willow has the living and kind soul of Levina Mavka. The stolen willow leaves call out darkness and confusion.
The day before the Great Day is called Camel. Then bless the willow. In many villages of Ukraine they planted a sprig of holy willow. It was appreciated that such a willow was especially kissable. Plant a tender pussy willow. Near the land of Shvidko there will be roots and a garnet tree will grow. We cannot allow willow plantations to appear in our Ukraine. The unforgettable words of V. Simonenko from the top “Virostesh, you will set off on the road...”
And if you fall into someone else’s field,
Willows and poplars come from Ukraine;
Stand over you, ruffle the leaves,
Tight farewell to the soul.
Poplars
He sings, not casually, saying: “Willows and poplars will come from Ukraine.” Poplars are also our national symbol. With a string of poplar trees they traced the little girl's figure and the unlucky girl's lot. Many songs and legends have been written about the poplar. T.G. Shevchenko wrote “Poplars” accordingly.
According to the good wind,
Walking across the field.
The edge of the road is a poplar
All the way down.
This is the legend. In one village there lived a beautiful girl named Polya and a husband named Khlopets on the name of Strib. The stinks kicked one another. One day, the older people asked Strib to run around the village and make sure everything was calm there. Escape Strib, but not reaching the village, having defeated a lot of enemies. As soon as the wind blew, the young man came home, telling people about those who were studying. They wanted to take away their thinness, their belongings and dump them in the mountains until the enemies deprived their land. The god of flash and thunder, Perun, shook people and wanted to find out why there was a stink here. Having descended to the ground, Perun asked people what had happened. People rose up. And here I amused Paul. She deserved it, and said: “This girl is so good that I will take her for my squad.”
People were happy, because the mother of such a high patron is not given to everyone. And Striba, sensing it, became intolerable. Having spoken to Peruni and said: “I am sure that you will not find your own happiness in someone else’s misfortune.” So let nothing happen.” He hit the ground with his club and there, where the share stood, a green tree grew. The people who stood closer said that it was getting worse, and those who stood further away said: “De Paul?” They say: “These are the Fields.” And he took Striba Perun with him to heaven and made him the God of earthly winds.
Kalina
Since ancient times, people have loved the beautiful viburnum, as a symbol of girlish beauty and tenderness. There it grew as white as the skin. It is beautiful both at the time of flowering, and when the leaves turn crimson in the spring, and when the berries turn red on the ashes of the white snow. The girls embroidered viburnum on their shirts, and wove them into the crowns.
Father's son's sons were given a little spit from the necks of the viburnum, and the weak little little girls were given a spit from the viburnum. Kalina is studied in songs; there are legends about it. In one of them it is told about how the little girl Kalina brought in the swamp enemies-busurmans. Most of them perished, but the young beauty also perished. At the place of its death there was a bush, which was named Kalina in honor of the girl.
Marvel
Viburnum was used to decorate the cheerful cow. A bouquet of oak and viburnum was placed on the table in front of the newlyweds. And on the oar towel they embroidered viburnum with oak as symbols of girlish beauty and tenderness and human strength and value.
Viburnum was studied in the lands of T. Shevchenko, I. Frank, L. Ukrainka. Before the speech, L.Ukrainka wrote the poem “Kalina” after the funeral of her brother S. Merzhinsky. Whose tops had their weight. A bush of viburnum was planted on the graves of a Cossack or a Chumak who had died.
Oak
Oak is a symbol of strength, capability, and longevity. Oak lives a long time. Vidomy in Ukraine 1300-year-old Oak. At the village Upper Khortytsia is an 800-year-old oak tree, under which, according to legends, T. Shevchenko, I. Repin, M. Lisenko believed. The girth of the yoga stovbur is 8m. At Smt. Mizhgir, Transcarpathian region. 500-year-old oak tree.
During the hour of a thunderstorm, oak “attracts” electric discharges the most. For 100 blows of a flashlight near a tree, 54 hits the oak tree.
Two oak trees that grow near the village of Stuzhytsia in Velykobereznyanschyna attract the respect of not only Transcarpathians, but also tourists from other rich regions, write Yulia Yurkovetska, Unicum. The trees are recognized as one of the oldest in Ukraine. Children's Oak and Champion Oak, which cost 1100 and 1300 roki, are unique not only because of their age. Trees enchant with their majesty and beauty. The stench evokes a special energy that is widely bestowed upon everyone who reaches them.
There is a lot of history and legends associated with trees, one of which tells us that moonshine was made near the hollow of the Dodo-oak tree during the hour of Prohibition. The truth is that we probably won’t know for a long time. But those whose trees are not at all simple are deprived of the fact. Ever since childhood (singing through fairy tales and legends), it has been associated with wisdom, strength and singing magic. Many Indian European traditions have a cult of the oak tree, which is considered a sacred tree, the seat of the gods, the heavenly gate through which the deity can appear before people. This tree has always symbolized peace, strength, masculinity, vibrancy, longevity, kindness and faithfulness.
In Ukraine, the oak has always been a symbol of strong and important people. “Mitsny is like an oak tree,” they have long said about the stately young man. It is not surprising that the tree itself has removed all the over-processed symbolic berries, including oaks from ancient geological eras. Trees are the companions of mammoths and other relict creatures. Stinks can live up to two and a half thousand years, and the maturity of an oak tree reaches only... one hundred and fifty. Based on these parameters, our Transcarpathian Children's Oak and Champion Oak have long moved between youth and can share old wisdom. Their dimensions have already reached the “oak” maximum: their height is approximately 30 m, and their crown span is 20 by 25 meters.
At the All-Ukrainian competition “National Tree of Ukraine”, which took place in 2010, the Champion Oak took third place in the category “Oldest Tree of Ukraine”. Proceeding through its dark ages, the tree required celebration and close scrutiny. This was helped by Czech arborists, who, at great cost, lent oak wood. With this rank, the Champion Oak has a chance to impress its greatness on many generations. It’s a lot of time to come to the trees to hug them and take part of the energy from these giants, but no one cares about self-exertion. The circumference of the towering oak trees is over 9 meters; however, if you are to rake from these giant trees at the bottom, you will need to gather a company of at least as many friends. It is important that the Dodo-Oak is the son of the Champion Oak. It turns out that this wise tree itself has had more than 200 fates.
In just over a thousand years, these oak trees have already killed thousands of people from different places, around the clock. Data about those who planted these trees have not been preserved, and even the first written riddles about the Great Bereznyanshchina date back to 1409. This region also belonged to the dominion of the Counts of Drugets. The Children's Oak and the Champion Oak have preserved in their memory the legends and tales about the opryshki of the 17th and 18th centuries: Ivan Varga, Mykola Vasilchak and Ivan Betsu, who took revenge for the poverty of the villagers and attacked the peasants' shirts. There were also Slovaks who moved later, from the other half of the 18th century. The stench directly influenced the development of cultural traditions of the Great Berezny region, near the village of Stuzhytsia. The great oaks felt the knock of the slick stakes while the first drafts rode along them, which, they found, gave people the ability to manually reach not only Uzhgorod, but also to Lvov.
The Children's Oak and the Champion Oak changed the names of their fatherland, firmly entrenching their mighty roots in the ground - Austro-Ugric, Ugric, Czechoslovakia, Radyansky Union, and, nareshti, Ukraine. The wise trees had a chance to watch over this, as the family collapsed at the rocks of war. They loved the stench in the shade of their mighty crowns and their richly smothered vapors. All of their other companions were gaining strength to watch the road... What hasn’t happened in over a thousand years?! Her memory has accumulated a lot of images, stories, and troubles. They have forgotten to look at people because of their height and grandeur until today.
Mothers embroidered oak leaves on their sons' shirts so that the sons would be strong and merciful. They slept on oak furniture, which, they say, added strength to the hour of sleep. The oak, like our other national symbols, has a reverent power. The oak forest makes people feel good when they suffer from illness of the heart.
Periwinkle
And we have symbolic trees. One of my favorites is the periwinkle. Tsyu Roslina was named so in honor of the khan of the young man Bar and the maiden Vinka. They decorate a cheerful cow with periwinkle, which they plant for the house. The girls weave the periwinkles into the vines. It's green under the snow. Periwinkle is a symbol of the Kohanna.
We also have a lot of creaturely symbols. The princess has a watch with her beloved creature. The Cossack clock has a kine. In their thoughts and songs they thought about the Cossack and immediately guessed his horse.
Ale’s favorite creature symbols are birds.
Zozulya
People believed that the souls of the dead in the form of birds would turn to the ground. And since these are the souls of the dead, what is their place? In Paradise. And the stench of spring turns to paradise. Apparently, with these two words, “Viriy” was created. And God entrusted the keys to Viriya to Zozuli, as the legend says. He opens the zozulya with the keys of the viri, and releases the birds through the earth. And God has entrusted Zozuli with the long fates of life to people. And birds must fly earlier in order to open it for other birds. It doesn’t come to him that he hangs birds and throws eggs into other people’s nests. Even if it wasn’t there, no one would say anything bad about Zozulya in Ukraine. In folk songs, she was jealous of her mother, who took care of her children, and was aptly called “the little darling mother.”
Leleka
Our favorite bird is Leleka. Yogo was named after the deity of goodness and kohannya - Lelya. Well, as you know, children are popular in the khanna. From and bring them to our homemade leleka. They said that Lel is alive in the soul of a good person, and it is a cherished thing to build a nest on the support of good people.
Zhuravel
The symbol behind the edge is a crane. It’s more painful, like the chicken cranes, people feel when they’re far from Batkivshchyna.
“The cranes are crowing, cruising, I’ll die in a foreign land, I’ll cross the docks of the sea, little winged winter,” how many simple words cry out from the skin’s heart.
Lastivka
The symbol of the mother is a swallow. There is a legend that the oldest member of the family was saddled with Peter and Paul. The homeland gave you an oak wreath as a symbol of longevity. And on the friend of the Most Holy One there was a curse. Before Christianity, the 22nd of Veres was celebrated with the Holy Birth - the patron saints of the mother - giving birth. On this day, children sculpted a swallow from clay and gave it to their mother. Mother saved her by stretching out fate until the coming holy day. When the mother was dying, the children would place the swallow near the house, and on the gate they would place an inverted rake and attach the swallow to the animal. So the stench remained for 40 days and everyone who passed by in the yard knew that the one for whom the whole homeland had died had died. There are a lot of signs associated with the gusset, believe me.
Nightingale
The Ukrainian people are very vocal. A long-standing legend tells about a bird whose songs became a translation of the bird’s song of our Fatherland. This bird is a nightingale.
The old people told us that this little bird had not lived on our lands for a long time. She nested in distant lands and did not know the way to Ukraine. Even if the nightingales were even singing, they flew all over the world and collected the songs of all peoples for the Indian king.
One nightingale flew to Ukraine and settled down next to each other. All the people were in the field at that hour and the village was silent.
– What kind of people live here? - the nightingale thought. - Neither songs nor music. The sun set, and people turned home in droves. Songs were heard here and there.
Already the songs were dull. The hard work took a lot of strength during the day. Here the nightingales fell asleep and made them merry. People forgot about this and fell asleep to their overseas guest so much that they didn’t believe him. Nightingales flew from all lands to the royal garden, singing the songs they brought. And all those people already knew the princess and were angry. Already under the windows the nightingales from Ukraine slept, and the king lost his peace. I have never felt such songs before - and I told that nightingale to sing day and night...
In the spring, the enchanted nightingales flew to Ukraine in droves to listen to our songs, translate them into bird language and carry them to distant India. Our own stinks hang out in the air, so that among the people themselves, the stinks smell the finest in the world.
You can’t count these legends, fairy tales, songs, poems about roads and symbols close to our hearts. The smell is created in the embroidery on shirts and towels.
From legends about the glorious capital of our native Ukraine, to local tales about small towns and villages, this entire legendary conglomerate follows one, but even more important goal: to create in people’s minds about Fatherland – “great” th "small". Therefore, for instilling patriotic feelings in a child, it is of no great help to know the legends about the native land, about the place where the child was born, and about other villages of Ukraine.
Addressed to children of young school age.
Handler – Vita Valerievna Volkova
Among the development of folk legends, a special place is occupied by legendary tales of the origin, history, and etymology of the names of Ukrainian places and villages. This is due to the respect that the skin of the skin, even if another group of people attaches to its history. On one side - respect for our ancestors and pride in their glorious deeds; On the other hand, there is a calm sense of belonging to a more or less significant social formation: legends and tales about places and villages were created by unknown folk poets, who preserved the history of the family, embellishing and miraculous details and details, allowing people to feel a sense of pride in the rich history of their people, explaining the similarity of geographical names, allowing one to trace the genus.
About Ukraine
Just like our Lord, the Creator, having settled people on Earth, they immediately began to ask God for a special place to live. Only Ukrainians did not get drunk. They were basically Cossacks: they tramped carelessly along the ground, admired the beauty of the world and did not respect anyone. As if they looked around and noticed that people were scurrying around everywhere, settling down in busy places. Then they went and stank to the Lord. They quietly stood outside the threshold and checked, because the Creator himself was already very busy. And when the Creator looked back and shook the long-haired warriors, he was amazed:
- What do you need, boys? - asked the Lord.
- That earthly motherhood is what we want, God!
- May the earth be your mother. Go and settle down on that little land between the seas, pointing his finger down.
- There are already Spanish there, God!
- Yeah, then just leave them and settle down.
“We can’t, Lord, there are French there, and then there are Germans, and there are still so many people.”
Wondering, God burned and repented that everything had already been distributed. And the Cossacks really deserved it - and the Creator did not want to deprive them of their lands.
“Garazd,” said the Lord. “I’ll give you that little spot on the Dnieper that he deprived himself of for the earthly paradise.” It’s just an unimaginable little place – a paradise. The land there is very dear and smells like honey, the water is like milk, and from the sky a song flows into the souls of people. The wicked will wither on that little bank, and they will need to saw and harrow. If you are in fact such important figures as I see, then on this earth you will become rulers, and if not, then slaves of the wicked.
- Zgoda. Good, Lord! It will be as you say. Blessings for the journey!
The Creator blessed them and sent them to the gates of heaven. So the Cossacks dig up the earth and steal it from all sorts of evil spirits. And they named their little piece of paradise – Ukraine.
Cursed mountain
In the middle of the tall poplars and spreading willows, standing high on the mountain, there is a magnificent gentleman's flag. A small river flowed below and there was a spring. Through the swamp there is a fragmented place where only a few people passed through.
You can see from the mat how the backs of the kripaks were bent on the fields. Nobody told them before kind words, there were screams almost out of the blue, and whips whistled over their backs. Every day they shed bitter tears and sent their curses towards the master.
And the lord is alive and having fun. On Great Day I went with my family to visit until the next lord. The carriage broke down under the carriage and the whole family drowned in the swamp.
Nina, on this mountain the grass does not grow thick, and the leaves are devoid of thyme. In the swamp, sedges and toads grow to preach to their children, so that they only warm their backs in this sinful place and live in something else.
On the mountain, after the death of the lord, a church was built, and on Great Day it fell to the ground along with the priest and the Christians who were there. Shortly on Easter Day, if you lie down on this mountain, you can almost hear the ringing of bells. Here is the service of God.
This mountain is located one kilometer away from the village of Chorna Kamyanka.
River Yatran
A quiet evening filled the village. It’s dark in the huts, and there’s only one light in the house. There was a grandmother sitting at the table, and her two grandchildren. Vaughn took a deep breath, shook her head, and called out.
There lived a girl in our village who took her Kokhan Cossack to war. He vowed not to turn around quickly and not to get too drunk. After an hour had passed, nothing had happened before.
An hour passed, the girl was already busy with him and wished God for his return. One day it came before the willows, and the stench disappeared.
Once she didn’t turn around, the villagers started making jokes about her. Having realized that at that place, there was a great, rich and shvidkoplinna river, the stinks began to cry.
In honor of this girl, whose name was Yatran, they named the river that way. And the people, who had lost their hearts in pity for the girl, turned into willows. The stench still rings over the river.
Having finished her routine, the grandmother looked at her grandchildren, who had already fallen asleep. She gently covered them with a rug and soaked in the light.
Bila Tserkva
It seems that the old people, who were still behind the Cossacks, settled here from a certain centurion on the invitation of Bily. And that White one is a lepsky goat. No one can beat him, I can’t take him on the table: the strong man was great and fierce. And before that, he was so desperate, I would have taken him with shaking!
How many times do you go to the Turk - everything turns around. P "e, walks, banquets on weekdays and at the holy place. And as I walked along the Maidan, the earth began to shake. That’s why the otaman walked. courtyard, but for whom, now? God did not give him children.
To whom should I deprive everything? And as old age filled the crowns with white color, ordering us to create a church for the people. Until recently, they say, it stood. There the centurion White is buried.
People called it the White Church, and later it was called the place.
Brovary
At whose place, now the place of Brovary, there was a majestic forest. Whose fox lives the Robber Nightingale with his comrades. The robbers stole the girls and put several houses in their place. Their women cooked food there, and they went to the farm. The star was named Borvari. Through those that there is a great forest and a robber lives here.
First of all, but in another way, the robbers were engaged in brotheling, then that place was called - brewery. From, who said Brovary, and who said Borvari. From these words the name of Brovary was revealed. 
Kyiv
For a long time, there lived a tribe of glades, and they were ruled by three prince-brothers: Kiy, Shchek and Khoriv, and their sister was called Libid. The cities were forested and the forest was large, and the clearings were used to hunt and hunt animals there, cut down the forest, and awakened the city.
Who reigned for a long time in his family, went on campaigns in other lands, and went all the way to Tsargorod. The ruler of Tsargorod gave him great honors.
If Kiy returned from the distant Mandrivka, then, floating by the Danube, he became like a place and became a small city, and wanted to settle in with his family, but they did not give him too much baggage. That’s why the Danubian settlement is called Kievets. Who turned from his city of Kiev and ruled many more rocks with his brothers Shchek and Horeb.
Krivy Rig
He was a crooked Cossack with the nickname Rig. And there is a tavern on the Kodatsky road, which is already available in Sich itself. There is a grave there that is called Baba. Then the skin traveler, bulo, where she turns into a tavern to the crooked Cossack Horn. It seemed like: “How far do we have to go?” - “We’re going all the way to Krivoy Rog, and then we’ll have a bite to eat and get some rest.” That year, all the settlements that appeared in this place were called Krivy Rog.
Drogobich
This is how fateful it was for the shepherds to herd the flocks of the mountaineers on the succulent bows of the Tismenitsa River. In the evening, drive them into the fence, pulling out a long whip (batig) and clicking the hole with it, like shooting from a gun, - the moon was already shining. That's why people called this place Beach.
Over the years, a village grew here, and then - the town of Bich (and then the village of Tustanovichi). There it blossomed, its rocks spread...
Right here the fierce Tatars fought because of the mountains. Having marched with fire and sword through the Galicia-Volinsky principality, they approached the place of Beach. This is the terrible Naughty Bunyaka, like a demon, with parhas (shaluds) on his head, long-lasting veils that burned the ground, that their servants, at his command, raised with golden pitchforks, and the insides of no one were in the womb. , and call.
The townspeople closed themselves off in the city, and the looming large reserves of food began to be destroyed in their hands. Having said that the shady Bunyak, the cover of the inaccessible place can drag on for a long time, and go up to the approach. Having informed the townspeople through the ambassadors, he would like to negotiate and enter the place where he would take the tribute. And what you want is not enough: like the house of one pigeon. The townspeople came in handy, but when they brought the pigeons to the Tatars, the playful Bunyaka punished the pigeons with a singed sponge wrapped in silver thread. Because of this there was a fire in the area. By the hour of the fire they held on to the Tatars’ place. Everything was falling all around. The scourge burned to the ground, and the people who had been caught by the fire and the Tatar sword scattered through the forests.
So the place became poor. For a long time the winds howled in the black fires... In an hour I ordered that in the place where people found a treasure trove of salt, another scourge emerged and began to be called Drogobich.
Lviv
One prince went fishing. He had been watering all day, and in the evening he had risen to his feet with his mail at the foot of a high mountain. As soon as the old man comes to the bottom, he says:
- You chose a bad place, prince. This mountain is called Mount Lev. She has a furnace, and in this furnace lives a majestic human lion. Soon you will leave the oven and go in search of life. A lot of people died, and in the end people left their place. And this night the lion won’t be able to go far to fish if you don’t get caught. Protect your life, prince.
“The Myslyvets does not flow with the game, but flows at it,” the prince said calmly.
“If you deprive this region of the people, people will always be more kind to you,” the elder and the priest said, bowing.
When night came, the prince did not go to bed. With a sword in his hands, he chatted across the furnace. And from the beginning, the lion roared in the distance, waking up hungry and fierce.
When the head of the monster appeared at the opening of the oven, the prince waved his sword and hurriedly lowered it onto the mighty beast. The mountains trembled before the lion's roar, and the dead beast grimaced to the ground.
To honor his victory, the prince took the name of Lev, and placed the image of the beast on his coat of arms. On the present mountain, higher than Mount Lev, Prince Lev built a castle.
Not far from the bottom of the mountains, people began to settle, hoping for the protection of the mighty Prince Lev from the enemies. So the place, which had become so bad here, began to be called Lvov.
Slavske
A long time ago, when the Kiev state was still in existence, this did not happen.
The wise Prince Volodymyr, for whom Kievan Rus achieved its greatest power, died, and between his sons a brotherly slayer's struggle began, cursed by the people. Having given birth to Svyatopolk, he was nicknamed the Accursed. You killed the brothers Boris and Glib, and then decided to deal with Svyatoslav. Having learned about the death of Svyatopolk, Svyatoslav decided to flee through the Carpathians to the Ugorshchina. A group of people hired to kill Svyatopolk was already rushing in pursuit of Svyatoslav. The remaining battle was brought together by the small squad of Svyatoslav with the hired killers of Svyatopolk in the Carpathians, not far from the place where the Oryava River flows into the Opir River. Here Svyatoslav, the son of Volodymyr, died, and from now on this place will be called Svyatoslav. And these few wounded, weary warriors, who lost their lives after the death of their prince Svyatoslav, fearing the re-examination of the fierce Svyatopolk, no longer turned back to their homeland, but went up along the current of the Support and on that The islands, where the Slavka River flows into the Op, were huts. This is how it happened first after the settlement on the town of our village. And that the warriors were known everywhere as good-hearted, famous in the rich campaigns and battles of the warriors, they began to be called glorious, and their settlement was Slavnaya, then Slavna, and then from which the current name of the village was established - Slavske. 
Stry
In the foothills of the Carpathians, above the bubbling river Stryi, lies the Galician town of Stryi.
Stream is our uncle's name. Why is the place called so? Who knows what? But it seems...
Once upon a time, in these places, around the outskirts of Stria, frowning foxes rustled. A raging river snaked between its steep banks. A merchant's road ran along it, as they were going to the edge of the mountains. The roads were not safe: robbers attacked - a man with his brother’s sons. That's who the guy called Stryim from.
Many people have ruined marinas by plundering merchants' treasures. And in old age, someone else’s lies came to light - the striae twisted into three deaths. To get rid of sins, settle in the forests near a low hut near the river, develop an apiary, and begin to live peacefully.
They pinned the robbery and his brothers-in-arms and often came to the stria. That's why the place was called Stryem. The village grew into a settlement over the years, and then became a place - a beautiful Stryi.
Kremenchuk
The name of this place comes from the fact that in my Yansky word “chuk” is a crossing. Here there will be a tabir of Bohdan Khmelnytsky, divisions in the kuren, say, Chornomorivka, Skubiivka (for the name of the otaman-kozarlyuga and the regiment). To get to the left side of the Dnieper, From there they organized the crossing of people. People said: “I’m going to chuk.” There were a lot of crossings, so there was a need for a name. After him, the yam of the senior otaman Kremen began to be called “Kremeniv chuk”, and then briefly - Kremenchuk. 
Rivne
It seems like a long time ago, three princes launched the boats and went along the Ostvitsa River to find a place for a new fort. Outside, directly on the surface, the stinks permeated the wide expanse of mochars, among which were the bushes of the islands, flowing with the waters of the river. The princely chapels landed on these islands. The princes looked at their kindness, rejoiced among themselves and said:
- From here, on this plain, a new settlement will arise.
Stars and names - Rivne.
Following another transfer, the entire lands of the Ostrozky princes competed “equally” according to this place, where the place was founded. These princes, after all, had only 99 places in their Volodin region, and when they added one more, they had “exactly” a hundred.
Old people also say that the name Rivne is similar to the word “riv”, because here for a long time, to drain the pain, numerous settlers dug ditches, ditches, through which the tracts of Rovechchina and Zarovechchina were located.
Vinnytsia
A man came to the bank of the Bug, set up his own hut and lived with his wife. Suddenly they had two daughters. The father named one Vishenka, and the other - Vinnichka. The girls grew up like berries, blushing and having fun. And when they grew up, they became friends with practical fishermen. They set up Vishenka and her husband a wooden hut on the right birch of the Bug, and Vinnichka - on the left. They lived at the house and danced together. They picked honey from hollows, cut down trees, burned down stumps, dug up the earth in open fires and sowed crops.
One day a strong wind blew up and an impenetrable darkness covered the asses. The birds stopped sleeping, and the darkness faded into darkness. It was not a storm that came, but a terrible one - the Tatars raised a black smoke over the Bug. The Vishenkas and Vinnichkas honed the noble houses, they wanted to take them all away and sell the youngsters on similar markets. There was no way out. Better than death, less hopelessness and captivity. Vinnichka first set her house on fire. Sister Vishenka started chasing the Bug - and the hut is already burning and the hut has been sharpened. Like two candles, the trees and huts burned, the fire crackled. The Tatars dried up in the scorching heat and acrid smoke. And the hearts of the two sisters burst into grief...
The rocks have passed. New people came to the banks of the Bugu and settled here. People from the neighboring villages told them about the bitter share of Vinnychka and Cherry. As a good memory of them, the tributary rivers that carried their waters to the Pivdenny Bug were named after them. There was a stone fort here, and the place where it was named was named after one of the tributaries - Vinnitsa.
Zhytomyr
On the Teterev birch stands our white-fringed Zhitomir. Quietly in the place of Svitanka, the world is nearby, calm. But that’s just how it seems - a place to boil with the people.
Over a thousand glorious springs Zhytomyr flows...
Even for the Russian princes Askold and Dir, old grandfather was at court as a supporter. Having started to live peacefully, quietly, about the power. For this reason they called it Zhytomyr in Kiev. The princes loved him, and they loved them even more. Askold’s impudent death wounded the old man’s heart. In grave turmoil, he got out of the military and went into the forest. Long after the sun had set, the Drevlyansky foxes, even in the valley between the rivers, would be found. The water is clean, the forest is dense, the grass is knee-deep; No matter where you look, there are animals and birds.
They founded a settlement here and named it Zhitomir.
God's punishment
They say that the Kamyan women were the same people as they were. And that’s how it happened.
God created people earlier beyond the Sun, so the stench lived in the darkness, eating the fruits of the trees. Already the axis appeared to Sontsa. People were angry, alarmed and, in order to get rid of him, they began to go out to the high graves and spit on him. God was formed and cursed for all the people. And the stench was standing there and they were sitting there.
It seems that among these crooked people there is a hope to transform themselves again, to become as alive as God created them.
Mother's heart
Once in the Rohatyn region one despicable young man fell in love with a girl with all his heart, and she, having touched his kohanna with a stick, decided to disbelieve him. Once upon a time, when it comes to zustricha:
I won’t believe that you love me until you bring me to your mother’s heart in half a bowl.
And until God's death, when she gets home, she finds her little one in her sleep. Take the juice, cut open her breasts, take out the hot Mother’s heart, put it in a half bowl and carry it to your divine loaf. According to the dosage, it stutters and falls. Mom’s heart flutters from half a bowl, ends up in a deep hole, and Matusya’s sweet voice reaches her ear:
Sinku, my child, why didn’t you get hurt?
Village Radkivtsi
And in Podillya there is a small village called Radkivtsi, about whose journey there is a beautiful legend.
It was a long time ago. People lived in a small settlement. Peace and blessings fell between them. They grew bread, raised children, enjoyed life. And in successions they went wild until Mr. Radik, who was famous for his wisdom and justice.
The man and his daughter live with their mother, which grows among the densely forested hillocks, dormouse heaps and coppices. There was a lush garden near Mr. Radik’s cabin, where the birds, as they were called in that locality, flew from the many forests. That’s what the birds called to Marichka and her father, and they finally understood the human language, and Mr. Radik and his daughter chirped to the bird.
As if, before the Green Saints, Marichka went into the forest to get some grains and herbs, so that she could take the donkey with them. She was already timid about it herself. The girl traveled around from childhood and avoided the extreme locality, so she knew the forest roads and stitches well. Marichka was not afraid of anything, she was safe everywhere. green grass I felt a bottomless quagmire beneath me.
The girl immediately sensed the wondrous sounds. What is it? Maybe the moose left his herd and is now trying to catch up? Why are roe deer wandering through the forest, perhaps searching for a dzhereltse, so as to catch the sprague? No, it doesn’t look like it. A bunch of articles slipped between the trees. It wasn’t long before Marichka realized that they were Mongol-Tatars. And when she realized it, it was terrible: the patrol of strangers pounced on the girl and overwhelmed her. The attackers tried to show the roads to the village. Marichka could not earn anything. She knew well about the threats they pose to the settlement: they will rob the donkeys, take people away from the villages, and burn down the village. Is it possible to allow this? The girl realized: all she could do was help her fellow villagers. Having hidden a secret in her chest, Marichka was ready to lead the attackers near the village.
The strangers, on horseback, sharpened the young top and destroyed it. Vona showed the way. The little ones meandered along the forest roads, the stinks climbed onto the hump, from which the Devil’s galya could be seen. The horses gained more and more speed and, due to treatment, flew into a terrible quagmire. The overlying Tatars, trying to get out, sank deeper and deeper. Marichka didn’t even want to fight. During the rest of her life, she turned to the birds and asked to pass on her father’s message about the approaching Tatars, and also to go on patrol.
The villagers informed Mr. Radik about the trouble, and they, having gathered the entire community, ordered them to leave the village and hide in the forest. The Tatars, who had separated all the people, burned down the village. And the villages, inspired by the birds, soon became their own new settlements and called it Radkivtsi in memory of Mr. Radik and the birds with whom they dedicated their lives. 
Village Martinivka
Once the Tatars attacked our village. And in this village there was a very good girl, Marusya. If the head of the Tatar army received her, he immediately wanted to take her with him, so that she became his.
He drove all the people away and said: “If you don’t give me up to Marusya, then we will burn your entire village with people at once! I’ll give you three days to think about it.”
But people were not ready to give up Marusya for these cruel warriors. The villagers boasted about the village near the Komish, where the rivers grew up and down. Whenever the Tatar army entered the village, the village was empty. The Tatars were getting even more angry and let’s joke about them, if some of the military people realized that things were uneasy among the Komish. The stinks went there and set those comics on fire. People rushed in, cried, and were immediately shot. Crying, screaming, yelping of horses, barking of dogs, heathers of children, prayer and groans for help were all around. The picture that happened that day was very scary.
The head ordered Todi to burn down the entire village. Suddenly the half-heartedness covered the whole village, the thinness roared, the chickens flew, and then the gluttony showed its strength.
And in the middle of the village there was a church, according to distant and ancient revelations, it did not burn, but sunk to the ground, and even children from this village, later created, ran there to the great saints and felt from under the earth and the bells.
One guy, who at that time left the village with his family and went far away, settled in the field, trees and humps, so that no one would be found and began to cultivate the land, building. Various people who followed began to converge and re-establish the whole village, which was named after the first inhabitant. His name was Martin - the axis also came from the name of our village Martinivka.
Ukraine is in a deep political, financial and economic crisis. Why, after gaining independence, was once one of the richest republics of the former USSR in the 20s small years old found itself on the verge of material and historical bankruptcy?
Without pretending to be a comprehensive and thorough study of all the reasons that led Ukraine to the state in which it is today, we will try to briefly consider several main aspects, namely: historical myths and the key national idea of Ukraine. It is these factors that have brought the country to a dead end.
What is "Ukraine"?
According to the main version, at least until recently, the name “Ukraine” comes from the Old Russian word “outskirts”, or “border region”. Initially, it was applied to the border lands of Rus' and Russian principalities. In this meaning, the word “Ukraine” is considered by Russian, as well as Ukrainian and Western scientists, such as Orest Subtelny, Paul Magochy, Omelyan Pritsak, Mikhail Grushevsky, Ivan Ogienko, Petr Tolochko and others.
In the 20th century, Ukrainian historians and linguists began to actively promote the version that the name “Ukraine” comes from the word “edge”, “kraina” (Ukrainian “kraina”), that is, simply “country”, “land inhabited by its people ". The ideologists of this interpretation of the version include Mykola Andrusyak, Sergei Shelukhin, Grigory Pivtorak, Vitaly Sklyarenko, Fedor Shevchenko. This version began to be increasingly cited in school textbooks on the history of Ukraine. This is how modern Ukrainian myth-making began.
"History" of an ancient country
Modern textbooks on the history of Ukraine note the importance of studying Ukrainian history, as well as the exceptional antiquity of the Ukrainian people. In particular, a number of school textbooks for the 7th grade report that the first Ukrainians appeared more than 140 thousand years ago.
Mykola Galichanets in the book “Ukrainian Nation” develops the theme of “the oldest Ukrainian nation on earth,” which in the middle of the 1st millennium BC. e. created the state of Great Ukraine.
In the 6th century BC. e. various tribes of Ukrainians, including the “tribe of Ukrainian Aryans,” had already defeated the armies of the Persian kings.
In the 4th century BC. e. The "ancient Ukrainians" began to defeat the Greeks and Macedonians. According to the Galician version, the “ancient Ukrainians” successfully fought the troops of Alexander the Great, who allegedly tried to seize the Ukrainet peninsula (Crimea).
The Roman legions were a little more fortunate in their confrontation with the “ancient Ukrainians”. In the 1st century BC. e. they managed to gain a foothold on the territory of “ancient Ukraine”. In 76, the “ancient Ukrainians” won their first major victory over the Romans. For about two more centuries, the “ancient Ukrainians” fought for their freedom. The final victory over Rome followed in 250.
And there is much more evidence of the exclusivity of the Ukrainian nation. For example, this pearl.
In Germany in the 1930s, history textbooks also wrote about the exclusivity of the German nation, and we know what this led to.
"Ukraine is not Russia"
In the early 1990s. Ukrainian politicians made promises about a bright future for an “independent Ukraine.” It seemed to many that all Ukraine had to do was “break out” of the USSR and take a step towards “freedom” - and Ukraine would become a “European power”.
The second President of Ukraine Leonid Kuchma formalized the “state idea” modern Ukraine. As part of a press conference dedicated to the release of the book “Ukraine is not Russia,” he made a statement that, just over ten years later, acquired an ominous outline:
"We have on our agenda the task that I spoke about in this book, paraphrasing the expression of a famous Italian: to create a Ukrainian. The danger of not returning to their Ukrainian identity is relevant for millions of Ukrainian citizens".
The Ukrainian authorities did not think about the fact that by “creating a Ukrainian,” they were thereby consistently moving toward a split in Ukraine within its borders inherited from the Ukrainian SSR.
During the current Ukrainian crisis, many Russian-speaking citizens of Ukraine, on the contrary, “felt like Ukrainians” by taking part in a punitive operation against the population of Donbass. This is a considerable merit of the myth-makers of the “greatness” of Ukraine and the cultivators of historical legends about the struggle of the “heroes of Ukraine”.
The belief in the exclusivity of the Ukrainian nation and Ukraine as such has led to sad consequences for many who sympathize with Ukrainian myths. They are amazed by Orwellian "doublethink" - the ability to hold two opposing beliefs at the same time.
Almost all of Ukraine’s “achievements” today, be it Rivne and all other nuclear power plants, as well as the Kharkov Tractor Plant, Dnepropetrovsk Yuzhmash and many other heavy industry enterprises, are the “imperial” legacy of Ukraine.
Most of the production facilities of the Ukrainian economy, which have not yet been stolen and sold for scrap, were designed and built in the Ukrainian SSR.
Myths overshadow everything else. Ukraine is not Russia. Not only the modern policy of Kyiv is built on this denial; anti-Russian figures in the person of Mazepa, Bandera, Petlyura and other figures are not fiction, but very real characters who have been canonized by modern nationalists.
The myth of the struggle of the “free Cossack”, a free people against imperial Russia, cherished by Ukrainian nationalists from century to century, is alive today more than ever.
The Ukrainian “Cossack with a bandura” denies everything “imperial”. Ukraine today is a victory of myths over reality and common sense.
"Kozak" does not need nuclear power plants, space industry, heavy industry. He does not need Donbass coal and Russian nuclear assemblies for nuclear reactors Ukraine: it is more democratic to buy from South Africa, Australia and the USA. He is ready to do anything for the sake of liberation from the “Finnish-Ugric-Tatar empire” that is torturing his soul.
Ukraine is now experiencing what the USSR experienced in 1991. The country is falling apart. At the end of January 2015, the first president of Ukraine Leonid Kravchuk said: " Today the elite is divided, they quarrel among themselves for unknown reasons. In fact, the elite has no responsibility to the threat that is already looming over Ukraine. And the threat is extremely high. And I can even say today on holiday that the state is beginning to fall apart. And this is already a fact. We need to talk about this like an adult".
A few days after Kravchuk, the second, “lion-like” president of Ukraine, Kuchma, who proposed “creating a Ukrainian,” admitted: Ukraine is on the verge of losing its status as a space power.
But for Ukraine this is not just another economic and political crisis. This is an existential crisis for Ukraine.
For more than 20 years, Ukraine has lost its former industrial and economic potential, which was created by such a hated “empire” in the Ukrainian USSR. Independence did not help Ukraine turn into “a second France” and “live in a new way,” as all Ukrainian presidents promised.
So what is the reason? Of course, Russia “interfered” once again.
An explosive mixture of myths mixed with real historical facts has spilled out into Ukrainian education, political life, and the presentation of information in the media. When myths begin to prevail over family ties between Ukrainians and Russians, related cultures, technological chains, trade relations, it is useless to appeal to common sense and brotherhood.
There has been a return to the previous paradigm: Ukraine is not Russia. And again the fight against the imperial “enemy”, which has been “trying to suppress the Ukrainian soul” for more than one century.
What do the inhabitants of the “Cossack land” hope for? There will no longer be more than 20 years to eat through the previous reserves.
A few more steps in this nationalist nonsense, and Ukraine could reach a new level of hatred towards Russia. Ukraine is no longer Kievan Rus. Ukraine today is again “not Russia”. Ukraine tomorrow is, quite possibly, simply non-Russian.
In its unthinkable, truly superhuman leap towards “freedom,” Ukraine pushed off the cliff and hovered over the abyss. There is no turning back now.
The gods granted Ukraine statehood. But the “Cossacks” do not need totalitarian handouts. They crave the glory of god-fighting heroes from myths and legends.
Based on network materials.