Obtaining drinking water from sea. Desalination of sea water: technologies of the modern world

Today, the problem of drinking water is becoming more and more urgent in the world - it is quite scarce. Africa, for example, is provided with this resource by only 30 percent of the required amount.

Other countries to this mainland carried outdrinking water deliverypossible, but this is still not enough. It is this situation that prompted scientists to think about whether it is possible from sea ​​water make drinking? In fact, perhaps even at home, although this is a long process. This will require a distillation cube or a moonshine still. IN this case the law of physics is used, according to which salts cannot completely dissolve in water. That is, after evaporation, the minerals remain at the bottom.

sea ​​water sweep

Having driven sea water through the moonshine still, after boiling it, you will get ready-to-drink drinking water with a minimum amount of impurities. In its composition, it is more like distilled water, which does not conduct electricity. Therefore, it is quite difficult to get drunk on it. But pharmacies sell the so-called "enrichers", adding just a few drops of them, you can get the water that the human body needs. So, in total, the production of drinking water from sea water costs a little more than the production of mineral water.

How to make drinking water from sea water in natural conditions?

It is not difficult to turn sea water into drinking water if you create a kind of moonshine from improvised means. This will require a hole, which is wrapped inside with a film, several large stones and hay. Water poured into the hole is covered with hay. Stones are placed on top, which are also covered with a film. After the water heats up, it will begin to evaporate, and when it becomes cool, it will condense on the stones. Of course, there will be very little water, but enough to at least quench your thirst.

How to get water on a desert island, if you suddenly find yourself on one? This question comes and should come first to you in organizing your leisure time in conditions of survival on a desert tropical island. How you ended up on the island is another question, some came specially, some were shipwrecked, etc. The extraction of water remains the most important issue, everything else - then, the main thing - water!

And it's only in films that people immediately find a life-giving source of water on it, which is shown in the photo on the right. In real life, such cases are extremely rare, so you should not rely on such a source at all!

Such a source can only be found on a volcanic island, besides, it must have mountains that trap clouds and give rise to all these streams and rivers. But on a coral island or a volcanic one, but without large mountains, such a source cannot be found. So, you have to rack your brains over the question. how to get water on this island...

The very first and simplest option for extracting water is. If there are no coconut trees on your beach, then you should go to another one where they are. It's only in the movies that everyone has a bunch of resources - palm trees and streams are all around, but in fact palm trees do not grow everywhere on the islands, and there are islands where there are none at all! I myself have met such!

If you are still lucky with palm trees, and you probably will, then you have a source of drinking water. Among other things, coconut water contains a wide variety of salts that your body needs (after all, salts come out with sweat), as well as sugars and vitamins. But remember that coconut water is weak and you should not drink a lot of it. 2-3 green coconuts a day is enough. You don’t need to lose excess moisture with diarrhea!

Young coconuts can contain up to 1 liter of water, but you should not risk your life by climbing a coconut palm, you can also eat fallen, ripened coconuts. At the same time, you can use coconut copra and other parts of it.

young coconuts

In addition to coconuts, solar distillers can and should be used. With the help of such a distiller, you can extract water from almost any other non-fresh water. For example, from sea water or your own urine, as well as from plant leaves.

Homemade solar watermaker

The solar watermaker is simple. Here is one of his examples:

• A hole breaks out
• A container is placed in the hole in which we will collect fresh water
• At the bottom of the hole, on the side of the container, put the leaves. If instead of a hole we use a larger vessel (which is more desirable), for example, a bucket, a large jar, etc., then any water can be poured into the vessel.
• We tightly close the hole / large vessel with plastic wrap. In the center of the film, right above our container, we place a weight so that the condensate rolls down the film and enters the container.

Water processed through a distiller is practically distilled, so a small part of sea water can be added to it. But if you have an unlimited supply of coconuts, then you should not mix fresh water with sea water.

Solar desalination device

Well, if at the time of your stay on the island it will be the rainy season. Then you just need to collect rainwater! All the containers that you only have, all the polyethylene, everything that you can somehow pour water into, use it to collect rainwater!

Well, if you find bamboo on the island - this is an indispensable thing in terms of survival! You can make water containers out of bamboo, you can make a roof for your shelter, with water flowing in the right direction. Bamboo has many uses. It can boil water, store water. If you make a hole in a damp bamboo stalk, drinking water will pour out.

You can also try digging wells, which after a while can fill with water. This applies to both volcanic islands and coral ones.

Well on Coral Atoll, Marshall Islands

During the hot season, such wells can dry up, but the rest of the time the water will be in it constantly, thereby providing you with a constant source of fresh water. You no longer have to think about how to get water, and you can take care of other important things.

Life can bring many surprises. And not always pleasant. We hope you don't find yourself stranded on a deserted island or in the middle of the African desert with no access to drinking water. But, nevertheless, we advise you to learn how to desalinate sea water using improvised means. Would it come in handy?

The method described below is very popular among fans of life hacks for survival. And for good reason: the process is simple, it does not require much “inventory” and relatively little time. If you start the distillation process at dawn, by noon the sea water will be drinkable.

To desalinate sea water and make it drinkable, you will need:

1. Bucket, bowl or saucepan;
2. Dark container (black color more effectively attracts solar heat and heats up);
3. A glass or a plastic bottle without a throat;
4. Film, plastic bag or cap;
5. sunlight

Step 1

Place a dark container in a large bowl or bucket.

Step 2

Place a glass or plastic bottle with a cut neck in the middle of the structure.

Step 3

Fill the black container with sea water. Make sure it doesn't hit the glass in the middle.

Step 4

Cover the entire structure with a film or a tight lid. Tightness is everything. If you are using a film, in the center, directly above the glass for desalinated water, put a stone or other weight.

Step 5

Leave your distillation apparatus in the sun and wait. In 8-10 hours, under the film in conditions of artificial "heat", sea water will evaporate, turn into condensate and fall directly into a glass in the form of fresh "precipitation".

Getting drinking water on a desert island is not easy, but it is quite feasible

If you were on desert island, then with some wit and a container made from leaves or sunken fruits, you have a good chance get fresh water and stay alive for many days. To turn salt water into drinking or fresh water, you need to rely on the principles of nature. During the evaporation of sea water, pure water is collected, and salt remains. The following process is based on the solar desalination method to collect water for drinking in an emergency.

Instructions on how to get drinking water

1. Dig a hole to collect water. The hole should be at least 1 meter deep and wide enough for you to reach the bottom with your hand. As soon as you get close to 1 meter, you should see very wet sand or a puddle of water. Take your time, as you are limited in water, and the tension will cause thirst ahead of time.

2.Place the container in the center of the hole. The container can be a hollowed out coconut, fruits or large leaves. If there is enough vegetation on the island, then you can add it to the hole around the tank. The water from the vegetation will evaporate and accumulate in the vessel.

3. Cover the hole and bend the cover. Place a large leaf (for example, from a palm tree) on the hole and cover it as completely as possible. Secure the outer edges of the sheet with stones. Place a few pebbles in the center of the lid to create a small indentation above the bowl. This will direct the water into the vessel. During the day and night, dew and condensate will collect on the makeshift cover and drain into the vessel.

4.Periodically remove the container from the pit to drink water or fill other containers for later use. Place the vessel back into the hole to continue accumulating water. The water will be safe to drink. No

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It is not recommended to take the drug with ritonavir, indinavir and other antiviral drugs, otherwise the concentration of vardenafil in the blood may increase dramatically, which will lead to an excess of the allowable dosage.

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Levitra can be taken simultaneously with drugs for the treatment of diabetes mellitus, prostatitis and prostate adenoma.

On this moment There are many drugs-analogues to combat erectile dysfunction. Many of them contain vardenafil in various dosages. Among the most famous analogues are tablets such as Vardenafil, Vilitra, Super Vilitra, Savitra and other innovative developments that regularly appear on the pharmaceutical market. Many of these drugs you can buy in our pharmacy.

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Reviews about Levitra are mostly positive, patients note the effectiveness and safety of the drug. You can often find negative reviews associated with an incorrectly calculated dosage or an acquired fake.

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• Individual intolerance to the components. If an allergic reaction occurs, you will not be able to get an erection. In this case, it remains only to consult a doctor to relieve symptoms or use modern antihistamines, and then choose a new stimulant.
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• Wrong dosage. At severe violations erectile function concentration of 5 mg may not be enough for potency and full penetration.
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• Abuse of fatty foods and alcoholic beverages. Levitra and a plentiful feast are two incompatible concepts, moreover, such abuses lead to liver diseases.

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5. Can Levitra increase the duration of sexual intercourse? The drug affects only the erection. If you suffer from premature ejaculation, you can take this generic drug in dapoxetine at prescribed dosages.
6. Does generic Levitra differ from the original drug? The differences relate only to the design of the packaging and the shade of the tablets, the effectiveness of the analogue stimulant and the original is the same.

Here are some of the advantages of the drug:

• Affordable cost and discounts from our online pharmacy. Thanks to this, every member of the stronger sex can afford to live a full sexual life.
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• Levitra does not affect reproductive function, so long-term use will not affect conception and sperm activity.
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• Increase endurance in bed. Levitra makes a man sexually active, which means that he can have sex several times in a row without feeling tired.
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• The ability to take Levitra with other medicines (after consulting with a specialist).

Thus, generic Levitra is a drug for the treatment of impotence and erectile dysfunction caused by stress factors or health problems. Fast onset of effect, long-term effect and safety are the hallmarks of this stimulant.

Despite the balanced and safe composition, this potency stimulant has several contraindications that must be considered before starting treatment. These are the restrictions:

• Hypersensitivity to the main or auxiliary components of the generic. Individual intolerance can lead to serious allergic reactions.
• The patient's age is up to 18 years. At the moment, there are no results of studies on the effect of vardenafil on the immature reproductive and other systems.
• The drug should not be taken by women, especially during pregnancy and lactation, since vardenafil may cause adverse effect on fetal development and change the composition of breast milk.
• Congenital or acquired deformities of the penis, injuries. In this case, severe pain is possible when an erection occurs and the condition worsens.
• Reduced blood pressure.
• Predisposition to develop priapism.
• Severe diseases of the cardiovascular system (myocardial infarction, stroke, cardiac decompensation, heart defects).
• Increased tendency to bleeding, including gastric ulcer in the acute stage.
• Diseases of the liver and kidneys in the terminal stage.
• The elderly age of the patient (it is not recommended to take Levitra over the age of 75 years).

If you have any chronic diseases, it is recommended to consult with your specialist before prescribing the drug. In some cases, medical examinations are required.

With a correctly calculated dosage and compliance with the rules of use, side effects are extremely rare. Common occurrences include the following:

• flushing of the skin, due to improved blood circulation in the body;
• rapid pulse;
• short-term increase in blood pressure;
• manifestations of an allergic reaction (rhinitis, lacrimation, itching and rash on the skin, swelling);
• pain in the abdominal cavity, diarrhea and other stool disorders.

Most side effects are short-term and disappear within an hour after taking the drug. If pronounced symptoms persist for a long time, it is recommended to contact a specialist who will detoxify the body, recommend to stop taking the drug or adjust the dosage.

If the maximum allowable dose is exceeded several times, dizziness up to fainting, nausea, which turns into vomiting, a strong increase in blood pressure and signs of food poisoning, are possible.

In such a situation, it is necessary to take advantage of urgent medical care, take measures to cleanse the body and symptomatic therapy.

Buy this stimulant in our online pharmacy at a low cost! We have high-quality and inexpensive generics for erection in various dosages.

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To order generic Levitra, call us by phone or leave a request on the pharmacy website. If you have any difficulties with the choice of goods and placing an order, ask our consultant. Employees will talk about the features of the tablets, dosage, rules of use and effect.

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