Lopukhin's explanatory bible is the best interpretation of the bible. "Explanatory Bible"

"(interpretation of the Bible), published under the editorship of prof. (1852–1904). The first twelve-volume edition was published in St. Petersburg, from 1904 to 1913, in the form free application to the magazine "Strannik". One volume was published annually, and in 1912 and 1913 - two volumes.

“The Explanatory Bible”, thus, is by no means a strictly scientific publication, because the authors’ desire for the spiritual edification of readers, as well as the desire to support the reliability of the Bible with reference to the data of positive science, comes to the fore. The relationship between the scientific and spiritual-educational approach, as well as the level of commentary, varies from book to book, because a large number of authors, different in their scientific level and vision of the problem, participated in their writing.

Work on the Explanatory Bible began under the editorship of professor of theology Alexander Pavlovich Lopukhin. But, unfortunately, Alexander Pavlovich died at dawn creative forces in August 1904, and work on this unique publication was continued by his successors. Last volume managed to come out less than a year before the First World War.

The death of the scientist, fortunately, did not lead to the cessation of his main publishing projects. Continued by the successors of A.P. Lopukhin's publication of the Explanatory Bible was completed in 1913. Over the course of ten years, twelve volumes were published, consistently offering the reader commentaries and interpretations of biblical texts on all the books of the Old and New Testaments.

Alexander Pavlovich Lopukhin himself only managed to prepare a commentary on the Pentateuch of Moses, which compiled the first volume of the “Explanatory Bible”. Starting with the historical books of the Old Testament of the Bible (the books of Joshua, Judges, Ruth, the books of Kings), the work was undertaken by outstanding Russian biblical scholars, professor of the Kiev Theological Academy priest Alexander Alexandrovich Glagolev, professor of the St. Petersburg Theological Academy Fyodor Gerasimovich Eleonsky, professor of the Kazan Theological Academy Vasily Ivanovich Protopopov, Professor of the St. Petersburg Theological Academy Ivan Gavrilovich Troitsky, Professor Archimandrite (later Bishop) Joseph, Master of Theology Priest Alexander Vasilyevich Petrovsky, Professor of the Kiev Theological Academy, Professor Vasily Nikanorovich Myshtsyn, Professor of the Moscow Academy Alexander Ivanovich Pokrovsky, Professor of the Kiev Theological Academy Mikhail Nikolaevich Skaballanovich, teacher of the Moscow Theological Seminary Nikolai Petrovich Rozanov, teacher of the St. Petersburg Seminary Pavel Smaragdovich Tychinin, priest Dmitry Rozhdestvensky, N. Abolensky, priest Mikhail Fiveysky, K.N. Faminsky, Archpriest Nikolai Orlov.

“The ABC of Faith” expresses gratitude to the publishing house “Dar” for providing the text of the interpretation of the “New Testament”. Starting in 2005 to reissue this classic work of Lopukhin's Explanatory Bible, the publishing house sought to offer it to the reader in a new, more convenient and corrected form. For this purpose, commentaries on this or that passage of Holy Scripture follow directly after the biblical text (in the original they are located at the bottom of the page in small, hard-to-read font). In an effort to preserve the original text in all its originality, the editors eliminated only obvious flaws and typos, which were found in large numbers in the original edition and reproduced in the Stockholm edition of 1988. A complete edit was made of Greek and Latin words and expressions, which were found in large numbers in the text of the comments, since, unfortunately, the number of errors in them initially exceeded any acceptable measure. At the same time, in the new edition it was decided to abandon the presentation of Hebrew words in their original spelling and to use Cyrillic transcription, which, as accurately as possible, conveys the sound of the words of the Hebrew language.

Moreover, an attempt was made to verify numerous (about 50,000) references to various passages of Holy Scripture found throughout the commentary, and to correct inaccuracies in the first edition of Lopukhin's Explanatory Bible (the number of which turned out to be very significant).

Thus, Lopukhin’s interpretation of the Bible in the new edition is one of the best to date.

"(interpretation of the Bible), published under the editorship of prof. (1852–1904). The first twelve-volume edition was published in St. Petersburg, from 1904 to 1913, as a free supplement to the magazine “Strannik”. One volume was published annually, and in 1912 and 1913 - two volumes.

Work on the Explanatory Bible began under the editorship of professor of theology Alexander Pavlovich Lopukhin. But, unfortunately, Alexander Pavlovich died at the dawn of his creative powers in August 1904, and work on this unique publication was continued by his successors. The last volume was published less than a year before the First World War.

Thus, Lopukhin’s interpretation of the Bible in the new edition is one of the best to date.

This edition offers the reader a unique book: “ Explanatory Bible"(interpretation of the Bible), published under the editorship of prof. Alexander Pavlovich Lopukhin (1852-1904), which is the only work of its kind that has ever become available to the Russian reader.

splash humanities, which in Russia was the result of targeted measures to develop public education taken during the reign of Emperor Nicholas I, began to bear abundant fruit already from the second half of the 19th century century. The flourishing of all spheres of humanitarian knowledge, first of all historical science, gave Russia a whole galaxy of venerable scientists: S.M. Solovyova, V.G. Vasilievsky, S.A. Gedeonova, N.F. Kapterev and many others. Theological science did not lag behind. Systematic efforts made to raise educational level graduates of Theological Academies and expressed in the latter’s deep assimilation of church history, comparative theology, biblical studies, Latin, ancient Greek and Hebrew languages, were not slow to affect the rapid growth of Russian church science, which became more and more independent, which was expressed at that stage primarily in the ability Russian scientists critically comprehend the achievements of Western European, primarily German, theological and ecclesiastical science, which was also experiencing an unprecedented rise.

Our own Russian theologians, still unsurpassed in their level, did not fail to appear. The names of historians of the Church of the Right Reverend Bishop. Porfiry (Uspensky), V.V. Bolotova, A.P. Lebedeva, A.A. Spassky, A.P. Dyakonov, biblical scholars F.G. Eleonsky, N.A. Eleonsky, A.I. Pokrovsky, Archbishop Platon (Rozhdestvensky), A.A. Olesnitsky, I.G. Troitsky, G.K. Vlastova, P.A. Yungerov and many others still constitute the golden fund of Russian theology and church science, and it is not their fault that such a brilliant development of Russian church science was interrupted at takeoff...

Among the names of outstanding Russian researchers of Biblical texts, one of the first places is occupied by the name of Alexander Pavlovich Lopukhin. The son of a priest of the Saratov diocese, Alexander Pavlovich was born on October 1, 1852 in the village of Mityakino. He received his initial education at the Saratov Theological School and the Saratov Theological Seminary.

In 1874 he entered the St. Petersburg Theological Academy, with which he did not break ties until the end of his life. At the Academy, Lopukhin devoted himself entirely to the study of church sciences (primarily biblical studies) and languages, both ancient and modern, while avoiding the temptations of nihilism, which was fashionable at that time. The vast majority of those written by A.P. During his life, Lopukhin devoted large works to biblical studies and interpretation of biblical texts. Thus, his initial scientific interests became, back in his student days, the Pentateuch of Moses and the Prophetic books of the Old Testament. His first work, “On the Old Testament Prophets,” published in the “Church Bulletin” in 1875, was devoted to the latter. The Pentateuch became the subject of his PhD thesis“On the Civil Laws of Moses” (edition entitled “The Legislation of Moses. A Study on the Family, Socio-Economic and State Laws of Moses” with the appendix of the treatise “The Trial of Jesus Christ, Considered from a Legal Point of View” [St. Petersburg, 1882]). While still a student, A.P. Lopukhin published more than a hundred scientific, journalistic and literary critical articles on various issues in the St. Petersburg theological journal “Church Bulletin”.

Having graduated from the Academy in 1878, Lopukhin became an employee of the Church Bulletin, but on June 1, 1879, as he was fluent in English (a phenomenon not so common among the educated public of that time), he was appointed psalm-reader of the Russian missionary church in New York. It should be said that Lopukhin had already experienced a genuine interest in the life and structure of the United States of America, inspired in his adolescence by reading the fascinating books of Mine Reed and Fenimore Cooper. “Travel notes of a Russian psalmist,” written by Alexander Pavlovich, as well as comments on various issues of church- public life exotic and then little-known to Russians of America were regularly published in the Church Bulletin, with which Lopukhin did not break ties. At the same time, he collaborated with the American Orthodox magazine “The Oriental Church Magazine,” published by the Russian Church in New York.

During his two years in America, Lopukhin prepared a master's thesis on the church situation in the North American United States, entitled "Roman Catholicism in North America", upon the successful defense of which he received a diploma from the St. Petersburg Academy on October 5, 1881 academic degree Master of Divinity.

Having spent another year in America after his defense, Lopukhin on October 30, 1882 received the position of secretary of the council and board of the St. Petersburg Theological Academy, and therefore finally left America, in which by that time he had become largely disillusioned. The result of his stay in America and observation of its religious life A.P. Lopukhin summed it up in the books “Life overseas. Essays on religious, socio-economic and political life in the United States of America" and "Religion in America" (St. Petersburg, 1882), in which he sought to acquaint Russian readers with the peculiarities of American life and tried to analyze religious and economic situation USA. A few years later, Alexander Pavlovich devoted public lectures in 1886 to this topic, published first in Christian Reading and then as a separate book (“Overseas West in Religious and Moral Relation.” St. Petersburg, 1887). In these works one can see Alexander Pavlovich’s moderately calm, but generally benevolent attitude towards overseas life late XIX century.

In 1883, at the Academy, associate professor A.P. Lopukhin received the department of comparative theology, and after its abolition in connection with the adoption of the new charter of the Academy in 1884, the department of ancient civil history, which he headed until his death, giving lectures on general civil history. In 1890, Lopukhin, as the head of the department, received the title of extraordinary professor from the Holy Synod.

Life in multi-religious America made A.P. Lopukhina was a supporter of the rapprochement of different faiths, but did not make him an ecumenist in modern sense this word. By rapprochement he understood the rejection of heterodox people from the errors that separated them from universal Orthodoxy, and their reunification with it. Thus, Professor Lopukhin greatly welcomed the desire of the Anglicans for communication and reunification with the Orthodox, actively participated in interviews with Old Catholics and rejoiced at the accession of the Nestorians of Urmia to Orthodoxy (see his “Nestorians or Syro-Chaldeans.” St. Petersburg, 1898; “Conversion of the Syro-Chaldean Nestorians into the fold Orthodox Church" St. Petersburg, 1898; “Catholicos of the East and his people” // Christian Reading. 1898). He also saw some positive dynamics in the development of the American Episcopal Church, which showed genuine interest in the structure of the Russian Orthodox Church and undertook some reforms in the Orthodox spirit.

Being an unwavering supporter of the idea of religious education and the associated development of church science, A.P. Lopukhin devoted a lot of time both to public lectures and to preparing for the publication of numerous books designed to acquaint the reader with the interpretation of the Bible and the latest achievements of biblical science, as well as to contribute to his spiritual enlightenment. For this purpose, he translated the works of major Western biblical scholars, and also compiled his own works. So, they were transferred from in English many works of the Anglican theologian F.W. Farrar: "The Life of Jesus Christ", "The Life and Works of the Apostle Paul", "The Life and Works of the Apostle John", "The Life and Works of the Holy Fathers and Doctors of the Church", "The First Days of Christianity", "The Power of Darkness in the Kingdom of Light", released published in 1886-1887. edited and with comments by Lopukhin himself, sometimes giving Farrar’s works even greater depth and literary brilliance than in the original. In addition to Farrar's works, Lopukhin also translated from Latin language the works of Thomas a à Kempis “Reflections on the life, suffering and resurrection of our Lord Jesus Christ” (St. Petersburg, 1899).

It is impossible not to note the fact that Alexander Pavlovich carefully edited the Western works he published, often reducing passages that did not correspond to the teachings of the Orthodox Church. It should be noted that such interference in the text, although unacceptable when modern approach for publication, as a rule, did not pose any harm to the growth of scientific awareness of the Orthodox reader, since A.P. Lopukhin, possessing deep and independent knowledge of theology, biblical studies, church and civil history, had a tremendous talent for finding and weeding out those concepts of foreign authors that Western science itself subsequently recognized as erroneous.

Even now, such outstanding works of A.P. have not completely lost their significance. Lopukhin, as the three-volume “Biblical history in the light” compiled by him the latest research and discoveries" (St. Petersburg, 1895), as well as the two-volume "Guide to the Biblical History of the Old and New Testaments" - works that served as a prelude to what he began, but completed after his death the most important work— “Explanatory Bible.” (The most extensive this moment interpretation of the Bible).

Being an excellent historian who had a taste not only for biblical, but also for world history, Lopukhin closely followed research in the field of Assyro-Babylonian antiquities, especially those aspects of them that were directly related to biblical history (see his “The Babylonian King the truth of Ammurabi and his newly discovered legislation in comparison with the legislation of St. Petersburg, 1904). Alexander Pavlovich dedicated his doctoral dissertation, which, however, he was prevented from completing by his premature death.

A.P. occupied a very significant place in the life. Lopukhin and church publishing activities. He wrote hundreds of articles on various issues of faith, church affairs, theological science and social life, published in almost all prominent church publications, such as “Church Bulletin”, “Christian Reading”, “Wanderer”, “Orthodox Review” , “Church Gazette”, of which he edited the first two (from 1892 and 1893, respectively), and in the third he acted as editor-publisher from 1899. In addition, he wrote many articles on historical, church and biblical topics in Encyclopedic Dictionary Brockhaus and Efron. There was not a single more or less major event in the contemporary church life of Russia and the world to which A.P. Lopukhin did not respond with his publication.

The greatest accomplishment of A.P. Lopukhin in the field of church education became his “Public Theological Library”, published as a supplement to the magazine “Strannik”, of which he became the owner and to which he devoted himself entirely from 1903, resigning from the post of the joint editors of the academic journals “Church Bulletin” and “ Christian Reading". In order to popularize the magazine A.P. Lopukhin undertook the publication of supplements that were sent to subscribers as bonuses. In a series of these supplements, “The Life and Works of the Holy Fathers and Teachers of the Church” were published, Farrar’s works translated by A.P. himself. Lopukhin, “History of the Christian Church in the 19th century”, “The Resurrection of Christ as the greatest and most reliable of miracles”, “Symphony on the Old and New Testament" As part of this library, Lopukhin began publishing a complete Russian translation of the works of St. John Chrysostom in ten volumes, laid the foundation for the publication of the “Orthodox Theological Encyclopedia”, as well as the “Explanatory Bible”.

The start of publication of the Explanatory Bible was announced in the October 1903 issue of the Wanderer. In the annotation of the upcoming edition, in particular, it was said that when starting this edition, the editors believe that they are meeting the most persistent and urgent needs of our clergy and the entire society. Every year the Bible is becoming more and more widespread both in society and among the clergy, and the time is not far when it will become a reference book in every pious home. To give the pastors of the Church, as well as all lovers of reading the Word of God in general, a guide to the correct understanding of the Bible, the justification and defense of the truth from its distortion by false teachers, as well as a guide to the understanding of many unclear places in it - this is the purpose of this publication.” The “Explanatory Bible,” therefore, is by no means a strictly scientific publication, because the authors’ desire for the spiritual edification of readers, as well as the desire to support the reliability of the Bible with reference to the data of positive science, comes to the fore. The relationship between the scientific and spiritual-educational approach, as well as the level of commentary, varies from book to book, because a large number of authors, different in their scientific level and vision of the problem, participated in their writing.

Unfortunately, Alexander Pavlovich Lopukhin was able to see the publication of only the first volume of the multi-volume edition of the annotated Bible he had planned. An early death took him away in the prime of his creative powers on August 22, 1904. The funeral service for the late professor and state councilor was led by the rector of the St. Petersburg Theological Academy, Bishop Sergius of Yamburg (Stragorodsky), the future Patriarch of All Rus'. Alexander Pavlovich Lopukhin was buried at the Nikolskoye cemetery of the Alexander Nevsky Lavra.

Death of A.P. Lopukhina caused a great resonance in the country. The magazines “Strannik”, “Church Bulletin”, “Historical Bulletin”, the newspapers “Government Bulletin” (No. 194), “Birzhevye Vedomosti” (No. 431), “Tiflis Listok” (No. 208) responded to his death in 1904 with obituaries. , “Vilna Bulletin” (No. 373), “Odessa News” (No. 6402), “Moskovskie Vedomosti” (No. 235) and “News of the Day” (No. 7625).

You did not live in vain in the world:

For faith, light and knowledge

You put in a lot of effort,

Labor, love and talent.

You made your path honestly,

Serving the fatherland and faith,

I didn’t bury my talent in the ground,

He fulfilled his duty to the fullest extent.

He stood vigilantly on guard,

Keeping the people from false prophets,

And he asserted faith in his neighbors,

Warning against vices.

And the seeds will not die out,

Into the hearts brought by you.

You are patriots names

He multiplied it in Rus' with himself.

The death of the scientist, fortunately, did not lead to the cessation of his main publishing projects. The publication of the “Orthodox Theological Encyclopedia”, continued after the death of Lopukhin by Professor N.N. Glubokovsky (from the fifth volume), only the revolution prevented him from seeing his end. The publication reached the twelfth volume, which contained articles starting with the letter “K”.

Continued by the successors of A.P. Lopukhin's publication of the Explanatory Bible was completed in 1913. Over the course of ten years, twelve volumes were published, consistently offering the reader commentaries and interpretations of biblical texts on all the books of the Old and New Testaments.

Alexander Pavlovich himself only managed to prepare a commentary on the Pentateuch of Moses, which made up the first volume of the “Explanatory Bible”. Starting with the historical books of the Old Testament of the Bible (the books of Joshua, Judges, Ruth, the books of Kings), the work was undertaken by outstanding Russian biblical scholars, professor of the Kyiv Theological Academy, priest Alexander Alexandrovich Glagolev (the book of Ruth, 3 and 4 books of Kings, 2 Chronicles, the book of Tobit , Psalms, book of Proverbs of Solomon, Song of Songs, books of the prophets Nahum, Habakkuk, Zephaniah, Haggai, book of the Acts of the Apostles, Epistle of James, 1 and 2 Epistles of Peter, 1-3 Epistles of John the Theologian, Epistle of the Apostle Jude), professor of St. Petersburg Theological Academy Fyodor Gerasimovich of Olives (book of Joshua), professor of the Kazan Theological Academy Vasily Ivanovich Protopopov (1 and 2 books of Kings), professor of the St. Petersburg Theological Academy Ivan Gavrilovich Troitsky (book of Judges), professor archimandrite (later bishop) Joseph (book of Judith, book of Esther, 1-3 books of Maccabees), master of theology priest Alexander Vasilyevich Petrovsky (1 book of Chronicles, book of Job, book of the prophet Daniel), professor of the Kyiv Theological Academy Vladimir Petrovich Rybinsky (1 and 2 books of Ezra, book of Nehemiah, books of the prophets of Hosea, Joel, Amos, Obadiah, Micah), professor Vasily Nikanorovich Myshtsyn (book of Ecclesiastes), professor of the Moscow Academy Alexander Ivanovich Pokrovsky (book of the Wisdom of Jesus, son of Sirach, book of the prophet Isaiah), professor of the Kiev Theological Academy Mikhail Nikolaevich Skaballanovich (book of the prophet Ezekiel), teacher of the Moscow Theological Seminary Nikolai Petrovich Rozanov (the book of the prophet Jeremiah, Lamentations of Jeremiah, the Epistle of Jeremiah, the books of the prophets Baruch and Malachi, the Gospels of Mark, Luke and John, the Epistle of Paul to the Romans, 1 and 2 Paul's Epistle to the Corinthians, the Epistle to Ga -lats, Epistle to the Ephesians, Epistle to the Philippians, Epistle to the Colossians, 1 and 2 Paul's Epistle to Timothy, Epistle to Titus, Epistle to Philemon), teacher of the St. Petersburg Seminary Pavel Smaragdovich Tychinin (book of the Wisdom of Solomon, book of the prophet Jonah), priest Dmitry Rozhdestvensky (book of the prophet Zechariah), N. Abolensky (3 book of Ezra), priest Michael of Thebes (Gospel of Matthew), K.N. Faminsky (1 and 2 Paul's epistles to the Thessalonians), Archpriest Nikolai Orlov (Epistle to the Hebrews, Revelation of John the Theologian).

In 1988, the second, reprint, edition of A.P.’s “Explanatory Bible” was published in Stockholm. Lopukhin, dedicated to the celebration of the millennium of Christianity in Rus'. This interpretation of the Bible aimed to reacquaint a wide readership with Soviet Union with the pinnacle achievement of Russian biblical-historical science of pre-revolutionary times. The publishers did not set out to make any changes to the text of the comments, limiting themselves to changing the format of the publication - thus, all twelve volumes of the original edition were placed in three volumes, using especially thin paper, while maintaining the old pagination.

The publishing house "Dar", starting in 2005 to reissue this classic work on the interpretation of the Bible by Lolukhin, sought to offer it to the reader in a new, more convenient and corrected form. For this purpose, comments on this or that place Holy Scripture follow directly after the biblical text (in the original they are located at the bottom of the page in small, hard-to-read font). In an effort to preserve the original text in all its originality, the editors eliminated only obvious flaws and typos, which were found in large numbers in the original edition and reproduced in the Stockholm edition of 1988. A complete edit was made of Greek and Latin words and expressions, which were found in large numbers in the text of the comments, since, unfortunately, the number of errors in them initially exceeded any acceptable measure. At the same time, in the new edition it was decided to abandon the presentation of Hebrew words in their original spelling and to use Cyrillic transcription, which, as accurately as possible, conveys the sound of the words of the Hebrew language.

Moreover, an attempt was made to verify numerous (about 50,000) references to various passages of Holy Scripture found throughout the commentary, and to correct inaccuracies in the first edition of Lopukhin’s Explanatory Bible (the number of which turned out to be very significant).

Thus, Lopukhin’s interpretation of the Bible in the new edition is a much more reliable work than the previous two and is one of the best to date.

Along with this, another drawback inherent in the original edition was largely eliminated: negligence in citing research works of foreign and domestic scientists. In the vast majority of cases, when using the original editions of the Explanatory Bible, it is not easy for the reader to find out what specific work the commentator is citing, often limiting himself to just mentioning the name of a particular scientist without indicating the exact name of the work, the place and year of its publication, as well as the pages cited. This shortcoming turned out to be, unfortunately, to such an extent inherent in the work of A.P.’s successors. Lopukhin that its complete elimination turned out to be technically impossible. However, from this point of view, the new edition will offer the reader much more reliable and accurate material: complete output data of domestic and foreign works, used by the compilers of individual commentaries of the “Explanatory Bible”, and also identified (if possible) works whose names are not mentioned in the texts of the commentaries. Modern geographical names presented in the new edition in a modern form.

(estimates: 3 , average: 3,67 out of 5)

Title: Explanatory Bible. Old Testament and New Testament

About the book “The Explanatory Bible. Old Testament and New Testament" Alexander Lopukhin

“Explanatory Bible. The Old Testament and the New Testament" is a twelve-volume work by the Russian Orthodox writer, biblical scholar, theologian, translator, researcher, and interpreter of the Holy Scriptures Alexander Lopukhin. Written in an easy-to-understand way, this book explains the miracles described in the Bible and relates them to historical events. To date, the work has been republished more than 20 times.

The author of the book was born into a priest's family. After graduating from the seminary, Alexander Lopukhin became a student at the Theological Academy of St. Petersburg. For two years he was a psalm-reader at the church of the Russian embassy in New York. Then he returned to his homeland, defended his dissertation and began teaching and writing.

Critics note that each writer’s work is of both literary and scientific value. Thus, in the book “The Explanatory Bible. Old Testament and New Testament" there is an incredibly deep understanding of biblical history. The writer proves that the stories about the creation of man, the Fall, the flood, and the confusion of languages have a real historical basis. This book provides many explanations of the life, realities, and traditions of the time when the Bible was created. They help us understand the depth and meaning of Bible Scripture.

In addition, the creator of the work sought to explain certain events of biblical history from a scientific point of view, that is, with an eye to the data of the author’s contemporary (i.e., pre-revolutionary) biology, physics, geology, archeology, history and other sciences. However, it is worth remembering that, first of all, this book acts as a kind of spiritual edification to the reader, and references to science serve only to confirm the authenticity of the stories presented in the Bible.

The author himself noted that this book is intended for a wide range of readers. After all, he believed that biblical history would be the best “teacher” for every sane person. The work was created in order to clarify particularly unclear passages in the Bible, as well as to avoid “false interpretation.”

Please note that in the book by Alexander Lopukhin “The Explanatory Bible. Old Testament and New Testament" you will find wonderful engravings by Gustave Doré - an unsurpassed master of his craft, whose works adorn many ancient works on history and religion.

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