The meaning of the word Reichsver. German army, like a Phoenix bird, revived from the ash

Which constraints imposed on the Reichsver should not be distributed.

Guide

By the law on the defense of the country, which was adopted by Reichstag on March 23, 1921, German Armed Forces ( Reichswehr.) divided into the land army ( Reichsheer.) and navy ( Reichsmarine.).

The law indicated the number and composition of the Reichsvera in strict accordance with the articles of the Versailles Agreement, which limited the composition of the German armed forces by the 100-thousand-old land army and the small navy (the universal military service was canceled). Germany was forbidden to have General Headquarters, Military Aviation, Submarines, Large martial vehicles, tanks, anti-aircraft and heavy artillery, as well as chemical weapons.

Minister Reichsver formally subordinated head of the department of land forces and head of department naval forces. However, due to the fact that the Minister of Reichsver should not be a military face, he was limited in his activities only with the fulfillment of his ministerial duties. Directly by the Minister of Reichswee subordinate adjutant, the department of counterintelligence, legal and financial departments.

In practice, the head of the department of the land forces and the head of the Military Force, the head of the Military Force, were used in practice. In matters of preparation for the war and the use of military forces, they received directions directly from the President of the Republic, whose personal consultants they were on these issues.

HEERESLEITUNG control consisted of five controls:

• military control (TruppenAMT) - in fact it was disguised general headquarters;
• personnel management;
• economic management;
• arms management;
• administrative management.

Structure

1st General Command (Berlin, Brandenburg, Prussia)

1st Division (Konigsberg, Eastern Prussia, Prussia)

• 1st Prussian Infantry Regiment (Konigsberg, East Prussia, Prussia)
  • 1st Battalion (Konigsberg)
  • 2nd battalion (Tilsit, Gumbinnen Administrative District, Eastern Prussia, Prussia)
    • 5 and 8th (mortar) company (tilsit)
    • 6 and 7th Rota (Internburg, Gumbinnen Administrative District, Eastern Prussia, Prussia)
  • 3rd battalion (gumbinen)
  • Training battalion (Konigsberg)
  • 13th Mortar Rota (Konigsberg)
• 2nd Prussian Infantry Regiment (Allenstein, Eastern Prussia, Prussia)
  • 1st Hanger Battalion (Ortartsburg, Allen Instein Administrative District, East Prussia, Prussia)
  • 2nd Battalion (Rashtenburg, Konigsberg Administrative District, East Prussia, Prussia)
  • 3rd battalion (Letzzen, Allen Instein Administrative District, Eastern Prussia, Prussia)
  • Training battalion (Allenstein)
  • 13th Mortar Rota (Allenstein)
• 3rd Prussian Infantry Regiment (Doyutch Eilau, Rosenberg district, Marienferder administrative district, Western Prussia, Prussia)
  • 1st Battalion (Marienverder, Marienverder Administrative District, Western Prussia, Prussia)
    • 2nd and 4th company (Marienverder)
    • 1st and 3rd company (Marienburg, Marienverder Administrative District, Western Prussia, Prussia)
  • 2nd battalion (Doyutch Eilau)
  • 3rd Battalion (Osterode, Allen Instein Administrative District, Eastern Prussia, Prussia)
  • Training battalion (Marienburg)
  • 1st Mortar Rota (Doyutch Eilau)

2nd Division (Shattin, Pomerania, Prussia)

• 4th Prussian Infantry Regiment (Kolberg, Köslin Administrative District, Pomerania, Prussia)
  • 1st battalion (Stargard, Pomerania, Prussia)
  • 2nd Battalion (Colbert, Pomerania, Prussia)
  • 3rd battalion (Doyutch-Crown, Post-Western Prussia, Prussia)
    • 9th and 10th company (Doyutch Crown)
    • 11th and 12th company (Sneydemul, Western Prussia, Prussia)
  • Educational battalion (Neustettin, Kezlin administrative district, Pomerania, Prussia)
  • 13th Mortar Rota (Kolberg)
• 5th Prussian Infantry Regiment (Shattin, Administrative County Shttin Pomerania, Prussia)
  • 1st Battalion (Shattetin, Pomerania, Prussia)
  • 2nd Battalion (Pestzlau, Potsdam Administrative County, Brandenburg, Prussia)
    • 7th and 8th company (Prenzlau, Potsdam administrative district, Brandenburg, Prussia)
    • 5th and 6th company (Angerenda, Potsdam Administrative County, Brandenburg, Prussia)
  • 3rd battalion (sprout, polaria, prussia)
  • Training battalion (Griffswald, Administrative District Stralsund, Pomerania, Prussia)
  • 13th Mortar Rota (Shattin)
• 6th Infantry Regiment (Lubeck)
  • 1st Mecklenburg Battalion (Schwerin, Mecklenburg-Schwerin)
  • 2nd Hanseatic Battalion (Lubeck)
    • 6th and 7th Rota (Outin)
  • 3rd Prussian Battalion (Flensburg, Prussia)
  • Prussian training battalion (Ratzeburg, Mecklenburg-Sterlitz)
  • 13th mortar company (Ratzeburg)
• 2nd Prussian Sapier Battalion
• 2nd Prussian Artillery Regiment
• 2nd Prussian Transport Department
• 2nd Prussian Intelligence Department
• 2nd Prussian Automobile Department
• 2nd Prussian Sanitary Department

2nd Cavalry Division (Breslau, Lower Silesia, Prussia)

• 7th Prussian Ratar Regiment (Breslau)
• 8th Prussian Ratar Regiment (Els)
• 9th Prussian Ratar Regiment (Fürsthenfald)
• 10th Prussian Ratar Regiment (Zulikhau)
• 11th Prussian Ratar Regiment (Neustadt)
• 12th Saxon Ratar Regiment (Dresden)

3rd Division (Berlin, Brandenburg, Prussia)

• 7th Prussian Infantry Regiment (Sweednitsa, Berelau administrative district, Lower Silesia, Prussia)
  • 1st Battalion (Brig, Administrative District Breslau, Silesia, Prussia)
    • 1st and 2nd Rota (Brig)
    • 3rd and 4th company (neussa, administrative district Opelle, Silesia, Prussia)
  • 2nd Nuclear Battalion (Hirschberg, Leagnitz Administrative District, Silesia, Prussia)
    • 7th and 8th Rota (Hirschberg)
    • 5th and 6th company (smooth, administrative district Breslau, Silesia, Prussia)
  • 3rd battalion (Breslau)
  • Training battalion (Sweednits)
  • 13th mortar company (smooth)
• 8th Prussian Infantry Regiment (Frankfurt-on-Oder, Brandenburg, Prussia)
  • 1st battalion (Frankfurt-on-Oder)
  • 2nd Battalion (Lignitz, Administrative District of Lignitz, Silesia, Prussia)
    • 7th and 8th company (lignites)
    • 5th and 6th company (Glogau, League Administrative District, Silesia, Prussia)
  • 3rd battalion (Görlitz, Leagnitz Administrative District, Silesia, Prussia)
  • Educational Battalion (Lubben, Administrative District Frankfurt, Brandenburg, Prussia)
  • 13th Mortar Rota (Frankfurt-on-Oder)
• 9th Prussian Infantry Regiment (Potsdam, Brandenburg, Prussia)
  • 1st battalion (Potsdam)
  • 2nd battalion (Potsdam)
  • 3rd battalion (Potsdam)
• 3rd Prussian Sapier Battalion
• 3rd Prussian Artillery Regiment
• 3rd Prussian Transport Regiment
• 3rd Prussian Intelligence Department
• 3rd Prussian Automobile Department
• 3rd Prussian Sanitary Department

1st Cavalry Division (Frankfurt-on-Oder, Brandenburg, Prussia

• 1st Prussian Ratar Regiment (Tilsit)
• 2nd Prussian Ratar Regiment (Osterrode)
• 3rd Prussian Ratar Regiment (Ratinov)
• 4th Prussian Ratar Regiment (Potsdam)
• 5th Prussian Ratar Regiment (Stolp)
• 6th Prussian Ratar Regiment (Pazewalk)
  • 1st Squadron (Pazewalk)
  • 2nd Squadron (Swedt-on-Oder)
  • 3rd escadron (Demmin)
  • 4th Squadron (Swedt-on-Oder)
  • Training Squadron (Pazewalk)
  • 6th escadron (Demmin, Administrative County Shttin, Pomerania)

4th Division (Dresden, Saxony)

• 10th Saxon Infantry Regiment (Dresden, Dresden Saxony Dresden)
  • 1st Hheheric Battalion (Dresden)
  • 2nd battalion (Bautzen, District Boudzen, Saxony)
  • 3rd battalion (Dresden)
  • Training battalion (Loebau, Bautzen district, Saxony)
  • 13th Mortar Rota (Dresden)
• 11th Saxon Infantry Regiment (Leipzig, Leipzig District, Saxony)
  • 1st Battalion (Freiberg, Dresden district, Saxony)
  • 2nd Battalion (Leipzig, Leipzig District, Saxony)
  • 3rd Battalion (Leipzig)
  • Training battalion (Döbeln, Leipzig district, Saxony)
  • 13th Mortar Rota (Leipzig)
• 12th Infantry Regiment (Halberstadt, Administrative District Magdeburg, Saxony, Prussia)
  • 1st Battalion (Dessau, Anhalt)
    • 1st and 4th Rogers (Dessau)
    • 6th and 7th company (Cerbst, Anhalt)
  • 2nd Battalion (Quedlinburg, Administrative District Magdeburg, Saxony, Prussia)
  • 3rd Battalion (Magdeburg, Administrative District Magdeburg, Saxony, Prussia)
  • Prussian Training Battalion (Halberstadt, Administrative District Magdeburg, Saxony, Prussia)
  • 13th Mortar Rota (Halberstadt)
• 4th Prussian Sapier Battalion
• 4th artillery regiment
• 4th transport regiment
• 4th Saxon Intelligence Department
• 4th car department
• 4th Saxon Sanitary Department

2nd General Command (Kassel, Hesse Nassau, Prussia)

3rd Cavalry Division (Weimar, Thuringia)

• 13th Prussian Ratar Regiment (Hannover)
• 14th Ratar Regiment (Ludwigslust)
• 15th Prussian Ratar Regiment (Padeborn)
  • 1st Squadron (Padeborn)
  • 2nd Squadron (Padeborn)
  • 3rd Squadron (Münster)
  • 4th Squadron (Münster)
  • Educational Squadron (Padeborn)
  • 6th Squadron (Münster)
• 16th Ratar Regiment (Erfurt)
• 17th Bavarian Ratar Regiment (Bamberg)
  • 1st Squadron (Bamber)
  • 2nd Squadron (Munich)
  • 3rd squadron (Straubing)
  • 4th Squadron (Straubing)
  • Training Squadron (Bamberg)
  • 6th Squadron (Munich)
• 18th Ratar Regiment (Stuttgart Cannestatt)

5th Division (Stuttgart, Württemberg)

• 13th Württemberg Infantry Regiment (Ludwigsburg, Württemberg)
  • 1st Battalion (Ulm, Danube, Württemberg district)
  • 2nd Battalion (Kanstatt, Neckar district, Württemberg)
  • 3rd battalion (Ludwigsburg, Neckar district, Württemberg)
  • Training battalion (Gmünd, Yagsht district, Württemberg)
  • 13th Rota (Ludwigsburg)
• 14th Badenne Infantry Regiment (Konstanz, Baden)
  • 1st Battalion (Konstanz, Land Commissioner District Konstanz, Baden)
  • 2nd Battalion (Tubingen, Schwarzvald, Württemberg district)
  • 3rd Battalion (Maingen, Thuringia)
  • Training battalion (Donaushingen, Land Commissioner District, Baden)
    • 13, 14, 15 Rota (Donaushingen)
    • 16 Rota (Filingen, Land Commissioner District, Baden)
• 15th Infantry Regiment (Gissen, Upper Hesse, Hesse)
  • 1st Hesse Battalion (Gissen)
  • 2nd Turing Battalion (Eisenakh, Eisena Administrative District, Thuringia)
    • 7th and 8th company (Eisena)
    • 5th and 6th company (Weimar, administrative district Weimar, Thuringia)
  • 3rd Prussian Battalion (Cassel, Administrative County Kassel, Hesse Nassau, Prussia)
  • Hessian Training Battalion (Marburg, Kassel, Hesssen-Nassau, Prussia)
  • 13th Mortar Rota (Cassel)
• 5th Sapier Battalion
• 5th artillery regiment
• 5th Transport Regiment (Ludwigsburg)
• 5th Automobile Department (Bad Canstatt)
• 5th Sanitary Department (Stuttgart)

6th Division (Münster, Westphalia, Prussia)

• 16th Infantry Regiment (Oldenburg, Oldenburg)
  • 1st Hanseatic Battalion (Bremen)
  • 2nd Prussian Battalion (Hanover, Administrative District Hannover, Hannover, Prussia)
  • 3rd Oldenburg Battalion (Oldenburg, Oldenburg)
  • Prussian Training Battalion (Osnabruck, Osnabruck Administrative District, Hanover, Prussia)
  • 13th Mortar Rota (Oldenburg)
• 17th Infantry Regiment (Braunschweig, Braunschweig)
  • 1st Braunschweig Battalion (Braunschweig, Braunschweig)
  • 2nd Prussian Battalion (Gottingen, Administrative District Hildesheim, Hannover)
  • 3rd Prussian (Hhesent) Battalion (Goslar, Administrative District, Hildesheim, Hannover)
  • Prussian training battalion (Celle, Hannover)
  • 13th Mortar Rota (Braunschweig)
• 18th Infantry Regiment (Paderborn, Mindden Administrative District, Westphalia, Prussia)
  • 1st Prussian Battalion (Paderborn)
  • 2nd Prussian Battalion (Münster, Münster Administrative District, Westphalia, Prussia)
  • 3rd battalion (Buckurg, Shaumburg-Lippe)
  • Lipp Training Battalion (Detmold, Lippe)
  • 13th Mortar Rota (Paderborn)
• 6th Prussian Sapier Battalion
• 6th Prussian Artillery Regiment
• 6th Prussian Transport Department
• 6th Prussian Intelligence Department
• 6th Prussian Automobile Department
• 6th Prussian Sanitary Department

7th Division (Munich, Upper Bavaria, Bavaria)

• 19th Bavarian Infantry Regiment (Munich, Upper Bavaria, Bavaria)
  • 1st Battalion (Munich)
  • 2nd battalion (Augsburg, district of Schwabia and Neuburg, Bavaria)
  • 3rd battalion (Kempten, district of Schwabia and Neuburg, Bavaria)
  • Training battalion (Landshut, Lower Bavaria district, Bavaria)
  • 13th Mortar Rota (Munich)
• 20th Bavarian Infantry Regiment (Regensburg, Upper Palatinate, Bavaria)
  • 1st Battalion (Regensburg)
  • 2nd battalion (Ingolstadt, Area Upper Bavaria, Bavaria)
  • 3rd battalion (Passau, Lower Bavaria district, Bavaria)
  • Training battalion (Amberg, Area Upper Palatinate and Regensburg)
  • 13th Mortar Rota (Regensburg)
• 21st Bavarian Infantry Regiment (Nuremberg, Middle Franconia, Bavaria)
  • 1st Battalion (Würzburg, District Lower Franconia and Ashaphenburg, Bavaria)
  • 2nd Battalion (Nuremberg, Area Middle Franconia, Bavaria)
  • 3rd Battalion (Bayreuth, Upper Franconia Area, Bavaria)
  • Training battalion (Erlangen, Area Middle Franconia, Bavaria)
  • 13th Mortar Rota (Furth, Area Middle Franconia, Bavaria)
• 7th Bavarian Sapier Battalion
• 7th Bavarian Artillery Regiment
• 7th Bavarian Transport Department
• 7th Bavarian Intelligence Department
• 7th Bavarian Automobile Department
• 7th Bavarian Sanitary Department

Title

• General Feldmarshal
• Colonel-General
• General kind of troops
• Lieutenant-general
• Major General
• Colonel
• Lieutenant colonel
• Major
• Captain
• Senior lieutenant
• Lieutenant
• Ober Fenrich (cadet, waiting for the assignment of officers)
• Fenrich (the title of cadet of the Military School of Graduation Course)
• FANEN-Juncker (title of the cadet of the Military School)
• Headquarters Feldwebel
• Ober-Feldwebel
• Feldwebel
• Unter-Feldwebel
• Unter-Officer
• Headfreitor
• Ober-Efreitor
• Efreitor
• Senior Arrows, Senior Hoker, Senior Ratary, Senior Canonir, Senior Pioneer, Senior Soldier, Senior Riding, Senior Driver
• Arrows, Huntsman, Grenader, Ratary, Canonir, Pioneer, Sanitary Soldier, Riding, Driver

Officers

Ministers ReichSver

• Sock, Gustav (1919-1920)
• Hessler, Otto (1920-1928)
• Grenoner, Wilhelm (1928-1932)
• Schleicher, Kurt Background (1932-1933)
• Blomberg, Werner Background (1933-1935)

Heads of Department of Ground Forces

• Zek, Hans Background (1920-1926)
• Schleicher, Kurt Background (1926-1929)
• Hammershtein Ecur, Kurt Background (1930-1934)
• Freic, Werner Background (1934-1935)

Chiefs of military control

• Zek, Hans Background (1919-1920)
• Haye, August Wilhelm (1920-1923)
• Hasse, Otto (1923-1925)
• Vezel, George (1925-1926)
• Blomberg, Werner Background (1927-1929)
• Hammershtein Ecur, Kurt Background (1929-1930)
• Adam, Wilhelm (1930-1933)
• Beck, Ludwig (1933-1935)

see also

Write a review about the "ReichSver" article

Links

Literature

• Corum J. S. . Website "Military literature" (Militera.lib.ru) (2007). Checked on November 5, 2009.

Notes

Army of Germany since year
Reichsheer. Imperial army	ReichSver Imperial defense	Wehrmachut Armed forces	National Folksarmee National People's Army	Bundeswehr Federated defense
-	-	-	-	c.

Excerpt by Reichsver

In the Borodino battle, Napoleon did not shoot anyone and did not kill anyone. All this was done by soldiers. Therefore, he did not kill people.
The soldiers of the French army went to kill Russian soldiers in the Borodino battle not due to the orders of Napoleon, but at their own request. The whole army: the French, the Italians, the Germans, the Poles - hungry, torn off and exhausted by the campaign - in mind the army, which blocked Moscow from them, felt that Le Vin Est Tire Et QU "Il Faut Le Boire. [WINE COLLECTED AND NEED HEED HIS .] If Napoleon would have forbade them now fight the Russians, they would kill him and go to fight Russian, because it was necessary.
When they listened to the order of Napoleon, who represented him for their injury and death in consolement consideration, about the fact that they were in the battle of Moscow, they shouted "Vive L" Empereur! " Just as they shouted "VIVE L" EMPEREUR! " At the sight of an image of a boy piercing earth Balbok chopstick; In the same way, how would they shout "Vive L" Empereur! " With any nonsense, which they would say to them. They had nothing else to do, how to shout "Vive L" Empereur! " And go to fight to find food and holiday winners in Moscow. Therefore, not due to the orders of Napoleon, they killed themselves like.
And not Napoleon ordered the move of the battle, because from the disposition of his nothing was fulfilled and during the battle he did not know about what happened in front of him. Therefore, both how these people killed each other, did not happen by the will of Napoleon, but walled independently of him, by the will of hundreds of thousands of people who participated in a general matter. Napoleon seemed only that the whole point was happening by his will. And therefore, the question of whether it was or was not near Napoleon a runny nose, does not have more interest for the story than the question of the cold of the last Furshtat soldier.
Moreover, on August 26, Napoleon's runn nose did not matter that the testimony of writers about that, due to the runny Napoleon, his disposition and orders during the battle were not so good, as the previous one, are completely unfair.
The disposition discosed here was not worse here, but even better than all the previous dispositions, for which battles won. Imaginary orders during the battle were also no worse than the previous ones, but exactly the same as always. But the disposition and disposal of these seem only worse than the same because battle of Borodino It was the first one that Napoleon did not won. All the most beautiful and deepened dispositions and orders seem very bad, and each scientist military with a significant view criticizes them when the battle is not won by them, and the very bad dispositions and orders seem very good, and serious people in whole volumes prove the advantages of bad orders, When the battle is won on them.
The disposition made by Weotherly in the Austerlitsky battle was a sample of perfection in the writings of this kind, but it was still condemned, condemned for its perfection, for too much detail.
Napoleon in the Borodino battle performed his business of the authority as well, and even better than in other battles. He did nothing harmful to the battle; He led the opinions more prudent; He did not confuse, did not contradict himself, he was not frightened and did not felt from the field of battle, and with his big tact and experience of war calmly and adequately performed his role that the apparent supervision.

Returning after the second concerned trip along the line, Napoleon said:
- Chess are delivered, the game will start tomorrow.
Welers to submit a punch and calling the boss, he began talking about Paris about some changes that he intended to do in Maison de L "Imperatrice [in the court staff of the Empress], surprising the prefect with his memoriality to all small details of the court relationship.
He was interested in trivia, jumped about love for the travels of the boss and casually chatted as the operator's famous, confident and knowing his business, while he shouted the sleeves and puts on a apron, and the patient ties to the bed: "The case is everything in my hands And in the head, clear and definitely. When it is necessary to start a business, I will make it like no other, and now I can joke, and the more I kidding and calm, the more you should be sure, calm and surprised by my genius. "
After graduating from his second glass of Punch, Napoleon went to relax before a serious matter, which he seemed to him, had to come next to him.
He was so interested in this upcoming thing to him that he could not sleep and, despite the runny nose invented from the evening dress, at three in the morning, smrubly loudly, went into a large branch of the tent. He asked about whether Russian did not go? He was answered that the enemy lights were all in the same places. He nodded his head approvingly.
The duty adjutant entered the tent.
- EH BIEN, RAPP, CROYEZ VOUS, QUE NOUT FERONS DO BONNES AFFAIRES AUJOURD "HUI? [Well, rape, what do you think: are you going to now?] - He turned to him.
- Sans Aucun Doute, Sire, [without any doubt, the sovereign,] - answered rapp.
Napoleon looked at him.
- Vous Rappelez Vous, Sire, CE Que Vous M "Avez Fait L" Honneur de Dire A Smolensk, "said Rappa, - Le Vin Est Tire, Il Faut Le Boire. [You remember whether, sir, the words you have learned to tell me in Smolensk, the wine is deposited, it is necessary to drink it.]
Napoleon frowned and silently sat for a long time, lowering his head on his hand.
"CETTE PAUVRE ARMEE," he said suddenly, "Elle A Bien Diminue Depuis Smolensk." La Fortune EST UNE FRANCHE Courtisane, rapp; Je Le Disais Toujours, Et Je Commence Al "Eprouver. Mais La Garde, Rapp, La Garde Est Intacte? [Poor Army! She was very decreased from Smolensk. Fortuna is a real liberator, rapp. I have always spoken it and start testing. But Guard, Rappa, Guard Castle?] He said inquiringly.
- OUI, SIRE, [yes, sovereign] - answered rapp.
Napoleon took a pastile, put it in his mouth and looked at the clock. He did not want to sleep, it was still far from the morning; And to kill time, no orders could not be done, because everyone was made and now allowed to fulfill.
- A T ON DISTRIBUE LES BISCUITS ET LE RIZ AUX REGIMENTS DE LA GARDE? [Did the crown and rice of the guardsmen, were distributed?] - Napoleon asked strictly.
- OUI, SIRE. [Yes, sovereign.]
- MAIS LE RIZ? [But Figure?]
Rappa responded that he conveyed ordered by the sovereign about rice, but Napoleon shook his head displeased, as if he did not believe that his order was fulfilled. The servant entered the punch. Napoleon ordered to file another glass of Rappu and silently drank her throats from his.
"I have no taste, no sense of smell," he said, sniffing toward the glass. - This runny nose is tired of me. They are pushing about medicine. What medicine when they cannot cure a cold? Corvisar gave me these pastels, but they do not help anything. What can they treat? It is impossible to treat. Notre Corps Est Une Machine A Vivre. Il Est Organise Pour Cela, C "EST SA Nature; Laissez Y La Vie A SON AISE, QU" ELLE S "Y DEFENDE ELLE MEME: ELLE FERA PLUSIZ EN L" ENCOMBRANT DE REMEDES. Notre Corps Est Comme Une Montre Parfaite Qui Doit Aller Un Certain Temps; L "HORLOGER N" A PAS LA FACULTE DE L "OUVRIR, IL NE PEUT LA Manier QU" A Tatons Et Les Yeux Bandes. Notre Corps Est Une Machine A Vivre, Voila Tout. [Our body is a car for life. It is arranged for this. Leave in it life alone, let it be protected itself, she will make one more than when you beat her medicine. Our body is similar to the watch that the famous time must go; The watchmaker cannot open them and just feel and blindfolded can manage them. Our body has a car for life. That's all.] - And as if by joining the path of definitions, Definitions, who loved Napoleon, he unexpectedly made a new definition. - Do you know whether, rapp, what is military art? - he asked. - The art of being stronger than the enemy at a certain moment. Voila Tout. [That's all.]
Rappa answered nothing.
- Demainnous Allons Avoir Affaire A Koutouzoff! [Tomorrow we will deal with Kutuzov!] - said Napoleon. - We'll see! Remember, in Brownau he commanded the army and never at the age of three weeks to see the fortifications. We'll see!
He looked at the clock. There were only four hours. I didn't want to sleep, Punch was added, and there was still nothing to do. He got up, walked back and forth, put on a warm furout and a hat and left the tent. The night was dark and raw; A slightly audible damp fell from above. The fires were not brightly burned near, in the French guard, and far through the smoke glittered in the Russian line. Everywhere was quiet, and the rustling and the trap began the movement of the French troops to occupy a position.
Napoleon walked before the tent, looked at the lights, listened to the fog and, passing by the High Guardsman in a shaggy hat, who was standing by the watches of his tent and, like a black pillar, stretched out when the emperor appeared, stopped against him.
- From which year in the service? He asked with the usual affectation of rude and affectionate militia, with which he always turned with soldiers. The soldier answered him.
- AH! Un des Vieux! [BUT! From the old people!] Received rice in the regiment?
- Received Your Majesty.
Napoleon nodded his head and moved away from him.

In half the sixth, Napoleon rode riding to the village of Shevardin.
He began to light, the sky cleared, only one cloud lay in the east. Abandoned bonfires drove in a weak light.
A thick lonely cannon shot rose to the right, sweat and froze among the total silence. A few minutes have passed. The second, the third shot was heard, air joined; The fourth, the fifth ran out close and solemnly somewhere on the right.
I have not yet reserved the first shots, as others were heard, also, even merging and interrupting one another.
Napoleon drove up with a retinue to Shevarden's redoubt and tears from a horse. The game has begun.

Returning from Prince Andrei to Gorki, Pierre, ordered Beretor to cook horses and wake him early in the morning, immediately fell asleep over the partition, in the corner that Boris gave him.
When Pierre completely woke up to another morning, there was no one in the hollow. Glasses rattled in small windows. Berroter stood, pulling him.
"Your creation, your shyness, your clay ..." Persistently, without looking at Pierre and, apparently, having lost hope to wake him up, swaying him by the shoulder, said Breitor.
- What? Started? Is it time? - Pierre spoke, waking up.
"Find you to hear a palm tree," said Breitor, a retired soldier, "all the gentlemen have already raised, the brightly left for a long time.
Pierre hastily dressed and ran out on the porch. The yard was clear, fresh, Rosisto and fun. The sun, who had just escaped from behind the clouds, flashed him, splashed to half a reversible clouded rays through the roofs of the opposite street, on the dew dust of the road, on the walls of houses, on the windows of the fence and on the horses of Pierre. The buzz of the guns was clearer in the yard. The street was stopped by an adjutant with the Cossack.
- It's time, Count, it's time! - shouted the adjutant.
By ordering a horse for me, Pierre went down the street to Kurgan, from which he looked at the battlefield yesterday. In the mound, this was a crowd of the military, and a French speaker was heard, and the gray head of Kutuzov was visible with his white with a red shake of a cap and a gray head, drowned in shoulders. Kutuzov looked into a pipe forward along a big road.
Entering the roads of the entrance to Kurgan, Pierre glanced in front of himself and froze from admiring the beauty of the spectacle. It was the same panorama that he admired yesterday from this Kurgan; But now, all this terrain was covered with troops and smoke shots, and oblique rays of the bright sun, rising from behind, Leeper Pierre, threw on her in the clean morning air permeating with a gold and pink light and dark, long shadows. Far forests ending the panorama, just carved from some kind of gems yellow stone, visited their curved feature of the vertices on the horizon, and a large Smolensk road dispersed between them for Valuev, the whole covered with troops. Golden fields and armor were closer. Everywhere - in front, on the right and left - the troops were visible. All this was lively, majestically and unexpectedly; But the fact that the most struck Pierre was the appearance of the field of battle, Borodin and Hollow over her bare on both sides of her.
Above the bare, in Borodina and on both sides, especially to the left, where in the swampy shores in Yana flows into Koloch, stood that fog that melts, blossoms and shines when the bright sun is released and magically stains and outlines everything seeing through it. To this fog, smoke shots joined, and on this fog and smoke, the lightning of the morning light was brought everywhere, then by dew, then in the bays of troops, crowded along the shores and in Borodin. Through the fog, this white church was visible, which is where the roofs of Borodin are roofs, which is where solid masses of soldiers, which is where green boxes, cannons. And all this was moving or seemed to be moving, because the fog and smoke stretched throughout this space. Both in this area of \u200b\u200bthe grounds near Borodin, covered with fog and outside it, above and especially the left over the entire line, in the forests, in the fields, in the bottoms, on the vertices of the elevations, were born incessantly themselves, from nothing, cannon, then lonely, That's guard, then rare, then frequent smoke clubs, which, swollen, growling, sebble, merging, visible throughout this space.
These smokes shots and, strange to say, the sounds of them produced the main beauty of the spectacle.
Puff! - Suddenly there was a round, dense, playing by purple, gray and milky white flowers smoke, and a boom! - Sound this smoke sounded across a second.
"Puf Puf" - two smoke rose, pursuing and merging; And "boom boom" - confirmed the sounds that saw the eye.
Pierre looked at the first smoke, which he left a rounded tight ball, and on the spot it was the balls of smoke drawing to the side, and pouf ... (with a stop) Pouff Pouff - another three more, four more, and for each, with the same Arrangements, boom ... Boom boom boom - answered beautiful, solid, faithful sounds. It seemed that these smokes fled, the fact that they stood, and the forests, fields and brilliant bayonets fled past them. On the left side, in the fields and bushes, these big smokes with their solemn echoes were inconsporated, and also closer, on nizam and forests, small, who did not have time to round the hassles of the guns, and gave their little echoes in the same way. Fuck the tah - the rifles crackled although often, but incorrectly and poorly in comparison with gun shots.
Pierre wanted to be where these smokes were, these shiny bayonets and cannons, this movement, these sounds. He looked back at Kutuzov and on his retinue to turn his impression with others. Everything is exactly the same as he, and, as it seemed to him, looked forward with the same feeling, on the battlefield. On all the faces now the hidden heat (Chaleur Latente) of the feeling, which Pierre noticed yesterday and which he understood quite after his conversation with the prince Andrey.
- Go, dove, go, Christ with you, "Kutuzov said, not the descent from the battlefield, the general standing beside him.
After listening to the order, this general was passed by Pierre, to the gathering from Kurgan.
- To crossing! - It's cold and strictly said the general in response to the question of one of the staff where he rides. "And I, and I," - thought Pierre and went towards the general.
The general sat on the horse, which the Cossack filed him. Pierre walked over to his Beretor who was holding the horses. Asking, which is more harmful, Pierre's halter, grabbed the mane, pressed his heels to the legs turned to the belly of the horse and, feeling that his glasses fall out and that he was unable to take hands from the mane and reimebly, crushed by the general, exciting the smiles of staff, From Kurgan we look at him.

The general, for whom Pierre rushed, descending under the mountain, turned to the left, and Pierre, having lost it from the species, drowned into the ranks of infantry soldiers who went ahead of him. He tried to leave them right, then left; But everywhere there were soldiers, with equally concerned persons engaged in some kind of unremarkable, but obviously important. Everyone with an equally displeased question of the question looked at this thick man in a white hat, it is unknown for what to stick their own horse.
- What goes the singer of the battalion! - shouted at him alone. Another tanto butt his horse, and Pierre, clinging to Luke and barely holding a staggering horse, coming forward a soldier, where it was spacious.

german Armed Forces in 1919-1935, limited in composition and number of conditions of the Versailles peace treaty 1919, recruited (115 thousand people and a limited number of ships). In March 1935, fascist Germany canceled the restrictive military articles of the Versailles and began to create a Wehrmacht based on universal military service.

Excellent definition

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ReichSver

it. Reichswehr, from Reich - State-WE, Empire and Wehr - Defense) - Army. Germany's forces in 1919-35, created on the basis of the Versailles peace treaty 1919. The law of March 6, 1919 was created. R. (out of 24 brigades), and on March 23, 1921 A law on Professional R. was adopted, who came up to hire with the service life for officers - 25 years, and non-commissioned officers and ordinary - 12 years. R. consisted of ground troops and navy; It was forbidden to have air force, tanks, anti-aircraft, severe and anti-tank. Artillery, submarines, bodies with displacement of St. 10 thousand tons and cruiser - sv. 6 thousand tons, a also gene. Headquarters in any form. The number of ground forces was limited to 100 thousand people, including 4.5 thousand officers (7 beans and 3 kav. Divisions, 288 guns and 252 mortars). The Navy consisted of 6 old battleships, 7 lung cruisers, 12 destroyers and 12 destroyers (total with coastal defense of 15 thousand people, including 1.5 thousand officers). R. had a hidden reserve (T.N. Black R.): detachments of local self-defense (Heimwall), soldiers' states, unions of veterans ("steel helmet", "Vikings", "Sharnhorst", "Young Germany", etc.), uniting up to 3 million people. Since 1926, a hidden preparation for increasing R. began, and in 1930-32, a plan "A" was adopted, which provided for an increase in R. to 1938 to 300 thousand people. After coming to the power of fascism and the exit of Germany from the League of Nations (14 Oct. 1933), this plan began to be carried out and was carried out by autumn 1934; The formation of the Air Force began. March 16, 1935 Germany unilaterally annulled military. Articles of the Versailles and introduced the Universal Military Meetility; The deployment of a multi-millionamental vermochet began, the forge of qualified personnel for the K-ro appeared R. I. M. Glagolev. Moscow.

The section is very easy to use. In the proposed field, it is enough to enter needed wordAnd we will give you a list of its values. I would like to note that our site provides data from different sources - encyclopedic, intelligent, word-forming dictionaries. Also here you can get acquainted with examples of using the word you entered.

The meaning of the word Rekhsver

reichsver in the Crosswordist Dictionary

reichSver

Explanatory dictionary of the Russian language. D.N. Ushakov

reichSver

reichsver, MN. No, m. (it. Reichswehr). The name of the army in Germany.

A new intelligent-word-formational dictionary of the Russian language, T. F. Efremova.

reichSver

m. Armed Forces of Germany, who came from recruitment of military personnel (created in 1919 on the basis of the Versailles and existed before 1935 - the time of the formation of the Wehrmacht during fascism).

Encyclopedic Dictionary, 1998

reichSver

Reichsver (REICHSWEHR, from Reich - State, Empire and Wehr Weapons, Defense) Armed Forces in 1919-35, limited in composition and number of conditions of the Versailles Peace Treaty 1919. Verbed on hiring (115 thousand people and limited number of ships) . In March 1935, Germany canceled the restrictive military articles of the Versailles agreement and began to create a Wehrmacht based on universal military service.

ReichSver

(It. Reichswehr, from Reich ≈ State, Empire and WEHR ≈ Weapons, Defense), Armed Forces in Germany in 1919≈35, created on the basis of the Versailles Peace Treaty 1919. The law of March 6, 1919 was created temporary R. (24 brigades); On March 23, 1921, the Law O R. was adopted, whose personnel was recruited on the service life for officers ≈ 25 years, non-commissioned officers and ordinary ≈ 12 years. Consisted of ground troops and Navy; The Versailles of Germany was prohibited from the Air Force, tanks, anti-aircraft, heavy and anti-tank artillery, submarines, bodies with displacement of over 10 thousand tons and cruiser ≈ over 6 thousand tons, as well as General Staff in any form. The number of ground forces was limited to 100 thousand people, including 4500 officers (7 infantry and 3 cavalry divisions, 288 guns and 252 mortars). The Navy had 6 old battleships, 7 lung cruisers, 12 destroyers and 12 destroyers (together with the coastal defense of 15 thousand people, including 1500 officers). However, there was a hidden reserve ≈ t. Black R.: Self-defense detachments (Heimwall), Soldiers' Farms, Unions of Veterans ("Steel Helmet", "Vikings", "Sharnhorst", "Young Germany", etc.), which united up to 4 million people. Since 1926, a secret preparation for an increase in R. began, and in 1930≈32 adopted a plan for an increase in R. up to 300 thousand people. By 1938. After coming to the power of fascism and the exit of Germany from the League of Nations (1933), this plan was carried out by autumn 1934. On March 16, 1935, Germany revoked military articles of the Versailles and introduced the Universal Military Meament. It began to deploy on the basis of R. Multimillion Wehrmacht.

Wikipedia

ReichSver

ReichSver (, OT. Reich. (state, empire) and Wehr. (Defense)) - Armed Forces in Germany in 1919-1935, limited in composition and number of conditions of the Versailles peace treaty 1919.

Recruited by hiring (115 thousand people and limited number of ships).

Examples of the use of the word Reichsver in the literature.

Old soldier Wilhelm Kirsch, served ten years in reichsvere, Fight from Germany.

Richard became mistaken, his father was not a coward, he remained in the States not because he was afraid of deprivation, suffering and dangers of war, and not because he was indifferent to the newly elected Fatherland, his indecision and timidity spoiled from the reluctance to fight against the same left Motherland, however, in fact, Wilhelm Kirsh avoided from participation in the war because, serving in reichsvere, he in a harsh school sect learned what Mushra, mastered the art easily and quickly kill the enemy and eventually came to conviction: violence is disgusting, conflicts are more convenient to solve not powder, but negotiations and discussions, mutual agreements and concessions.

For the emigrant Kirsha, the former soldier reichSver, America was a promised land, a newly stronghold of a peacefulness, a country that abandoned intolerance and violence, he arrived in a new light with the enthusiasm of the first pilgrims, but the war in which America entered, even if he was fair, he undermined it to them in German The barracks faith in the mind, mutual understanding and peace-loving aspirations, and in the end, Wilhelm Kirsch disappointed in the old ideals of America.

First, very small troops of Ca, assault detachments, or brown-air bags, with their small disciplined SS core reached such a number and force that their activities and potential power began to inspire a serious alarm reichSvera.

One of the consequences of uniting the party with the state should be the merger of the detachments of brown-workers with reichsver.

Although he was an officer, but did not remind those officers reichSverwho invited her to dance on the balas in the others and in Frankfurt.

The exhalar scout who worked with Colonel Nikolai is still in times reichSver, Eigen OTT did not hold in his house of Japanese servants.

In what right, you, calling yourself the governor of the imperial government, led to the oath of Bavarian reichSver?

Then with the support of the Bavarian Government, Armed Forces and Parts reichSverDeposited in Bavaria, he could head the march to Berlin - like Mussolini, who has entered, a year ago in Rome, and to overthrow the Weimar Republic.

Rem remembered as the name reichSver The gerer was overthrown, in order to give the first violin of BRINNE, and then the Brynging himself was sent to the landfill, so that the Schleiher could try to finish the hands to finish what Brynging was not capable of, - to bring fascism to power.

This is not a hobby, this is a wreath conducted by the orders of German reichSver.

What should be said here concerns only them: His, Gauss, representing the general reichSverAnd this.

Political power in Germany at the present time, through the head of Reichstag, the presidential government, which is a submitted trained monopolistic capital and major agrarians, the government, driving power which is general library reichSver.

True by assessing the interest of the command reichSver To the process, Row guessed and the reason that the generals appeared in the courtroom it was today: Goering was not only an officer, but also a trustee of two main shareholders of National Socialism - Heavy Industry and reichSver.

ReichSver

(ReichSwehr; RW), German Armed Forces in 1919-35, created on the basis of the Versailles Agreement 1919. A temporary rehensver (24 brigades) was created by law of March 6, 1919. March 23, 1921 A law on the ReichSer was adopted, whose personnel was recruited on the service life for officers - 25 years, Unter - officers and ordinary - 12 years. Consisted of ground troops and the Navy. Under the conditions of the Versailles of Germany, it was forbidden to have Air Force, tanks, anti-aircraft, heavy and anti-tank artillery, submarines, linkers with displacement over 10 thousand tons and cruisers - over 6 thousand tons, as well as the General Staff in any form. The number of land forces was limited to 100 thousand people, including 4500 officers (7 infantry and 3 cavalry divisions, 288 guns and 252 mortars. The Navy had 6 old battleships, 7 light cruisers, 12 destroyers and 12 destroyers (together With coastal defense of 15 thousand people, including 1500 officers). However, there was a hidden reserve - so on. Black Reichsver: Self-defense detachments (Heimwall), soldiers' states, unions of veterans ("steel helmet", "Vikings", "Sharnhorst", "Young Germany", etc., uniting up to 4 million people. Since 1926, a secret preparation began to increase the Reichsver, and in 1930-32, a plan for an increase in Reichsver up to 300 thousand people to 1938. After the arrival of the Nazis to power And the exit of Germany from the League of Nations (1933) This plan was carried out by autumn 1934. On March 16, 1935 Germany revoked the military articles of the Versailles and introduced a universal military service. It began to deploy on the basis of the rehenser of the armed forces of the Third Reich Multimillion Werkete.

From the book History of Germany. Volume 2. From the creation of the German Empire before the beginning of the XXI century by Bonvech Bernd.

Reichsver (Wehrmacht) and Nazi regime Hitler paid great attention to the conquest to its side of the leadership of the Army Corps and, as anywhere, was careful in relations with the Reichsver. Without a strong army, neither the consolidation of the regime nor the execution was impossible

From the book Agreement with the Devil. German-Russian relationships from the first to World War II Author Haffner Sebastian

6. Reichsver and the Red Army Treaty in Rapallo did not contain any secret military articles, and again and again quite rightly paid attention. Nevertheless, its most important practical result was the secret German-Russian cooperation of such proximity,

From the book a sworn friendship. Secret cooperation of the USSR and Germany in 1920-1930 author Cantor Julia

§ 5. Reichsver and RKKKA - "Workers and Communists" and "Bulgarians" In August 1925, a group of high-ranking officers of the Reichsver first attended the maneuvers of the Red Army, thereby discovering the new direction of cooperation - the mutual participation of observers on the army teachings

The period between the end of the First World War in 1918 and the emergence of the Third Reich in 1933 was the time of huge changes in Germany, the Metamorphosis of the German military car. This period began by the collapse of the imperial armed forces, the fall of the Kaiser Reich (the so-called second Reich of 1871-1918), the proclamation of the Parliamentary Republic, the growth of the revolutionary movement and at the same time the emergence of numerous voluntary militarized organizations of the counter-revolutionary orientation ("Freicor", "Steel Helmet", etc. ), as well as the formation of post-war German armed forces - Reichsver. In 1935, the Reichsver unexpectedly for everyone will become a Wehrmacht and after a few years will put almost all continental Europe on his knees.

November 11, 1918 ended Great War, named after three decades of the "First World War": In the compi forest in the Ferdinand Fosh, the French commander-in-chief of Marshal Ferdinand Fosh, the representatives of Germany signed the conditions of the truce ("Compi Agreement"), and the German troops began to return to their homeland. True, the Motherland was no longer the one: three days before that - November 9, 1918 - in Weimara, the republic was proclaimed in history as Weimar. The elimination of the monarchy both in the troops and in the country as a whole was perceived extremely painful. This time is characterized by a common depressed mood in the state whose people did not consider himself defeated and was convinced of the betrayal of politicians and the highest command. Although Germany did not have the slightest chance of another outcome of the war, except for the defeat (in view of the full exhaustion of his material and human resources), the combat spirit of the troops in the last days There was still quite high. This, of course, contributed to this that, by the time of the capitulation, no enemy soldiers did not enter the land of Germany. The Germans lost the war on the territory of neighboring states. After disembarking in Europe of numerous American troops in the summer of 1918, the German leaders finally realized that the war was lost, and took the only one correct solution - recognize defeat. Would this circumstance be one of the fatal for Europe in the future?
The country that has not been subjected to direct horrors of the war whose fields did not resemble, like the fields of long-suffering Flanders, hundreds of thousands of corpses, the city of which remained to stand entire, and the quiet villages did not turn into brick dust, the country that saw the return from abroad from his numerous The tired of the army, disarmed, but the complete determination to fight (in any case, it began to appear after some time), and was confident in a subtle betrayal, such a country had to imbued with the spirit of revenge. It is worth noting that the Germans have always been peculiar to overestimate their capabilities and military achievements. Thus, the main marine battle of the war is the Battle of the Battle - in Germany, the victory was loudly announced. However, after this "victory", which occurred in 1916, the German fleet of the open sea went to his bases and only once (in 1917) came out in the sea, and even partially. In the end, when the ships tried to withdraw from the bases in 1918, the rebellion broke out on them. Crews just did not believe in victory. If the first world was over the same way as the second, it could hardly be so easy to raise the population for a new redistribution of peace. Starting the second war, the German people had for their backs instead of the smoking ruins of the first memories of the relatively comfortable junction and the insult to the whole world, skillfully inflated by new leaders. Many oils in the fire poured a sense of national shame from the conditions of the Versailles Agreement, which the Governments of the Entente put a defeated, but proud and not broken opponent's spirit into a humiliating position. If the reasons that have entered the 14th year prosperous Europe in a bloody slaughter, still remain mysterious and incomprehensible, then the dissatisfaction of the Germans after the "Versailles" was quite a sufficient factor for immediate start new war. There was not only forces.

So, the summer of 1919.

Germany lost all his colonies, Alsace and Lorraine (conquered in 1871 and belonging to her until 1648), Memel (Klaipeda), Posan (Poznan), part of Prussia and Upper Silesia, as well as faith in his government. She was forced to give almost all his battle fleet and most of the civil, 14 thousand combat aircraft, to send thousands of Kruppovsky tools, 60 thousand tons of machinery. In addition, she had to pay colossal contribution to the winners: only from 1919 to 1921, 5 billion of the US dollars in gold. No wonder that, being in such a situation, the country was susceptible to the virus of the revolution, which, like justothened the "Spaniard", walked from the East. The revolution is always accompanied by a counter-revolution (or another revolution, with other tasks), and millions of not only unemployed, but simply eased to the street soldiers, all the domain of their crosses and wounds were to join the numerous semi-Russian organizations. Many of them were on different sides of the barricades. The country was shaken uprising, street battles, seizures of territories and just a criminal terror. Not without coups. So, in March 1920, a group of officers led by General Lyuttvitz proclaimed in Berlin to create a new government that existed only 5 days. The most serious revenge organization of those years was the Volunteer Corps (Freikorps). Some of his detachments were perfectly armed, until those who survived the confiscation of aircraft, and very numerous. The total number of Freicoration in the period 1918-1923 is estimated at 200-300 thousand people. The main, but not the only one, the enemy of these detachments was the Communists, who, in turn, could not be called "whipping boys." Freicard units fought for the territory in the Baltic region, in the east of Germany reflected Polish claims in the upper silesia. Appears later (in 1923), assault detachments complemented the palette of illegal and uncontrollable militarized, and simply open armed formations.
However, the New Weimar Republic was needed official and legal (including in the international sense) armed forces. Therefore, on March 6, 1919, decree was adopted on creating a temporary Reichswehr (Vorlaufige Reichswehr), or temporary German defense forces. These forces were supposed to consist of temporary land forces (Vorlaufige Reichsheer) and a temporary navy (Vorlaufige Reichsmarine). As part of the ground troops, there were approximately 400 thousand people in 50 brigades, there were many former Freicorettes. On September 30, 1919, the Era of Imperial Germany finally moved into history and the German army was transformed into the land forces of the transition period (Ubergansheer). It consisted of 30 brigades and was also partially based on Freicar members.

June 28, 1919, signing a formal peace treaty, the German delegation as it ratifies a truce of November 11 of the previous year. According to this document, and we are talking About the famous Versailles world signed in the mirror hall of the Versailles Palace near Paris, the Germans were allowed to have armed forces by no more than 100 thousand people. These forces received the final name of Reichswehr (Reichswehr, from Reich - the state, empire and wehr - weapons, defense) and consisted of ground forces (Reichsheer, 85 thousand people) and Reichsmarine - Navy (Reichsmarine, 15 thousand people .). In turn, the ground troops consisted of two commands of the groups, which were subject to 7 infantry and 3 cavalry divisions, and could not have tank units of any type, as well as chemical weapons, long-range and heavy artillery. Reichsmarin could have only coast guard ships (obsolete battleships, light cruisers, destroyers, destroyers, boats), the total number of which was 36 units, and could not have an underwater fleet of any tonnage (reminding that many merchant ships were confiscated to reparations ). Air force in the rejeser were not envisaged in any form. A general military service was canceled in the country, and the minimum service life was to be for the officers of 25 years, for the lower ranks - 12. This was supposed to prevent the creation of a trained reserve. Germany was forbidden to have the General Headquarters, offensive exploration and military academies. A total of 440 articles of the Versailles (75 thousand words) were devoted to the topic of military restrictions.

On May 7, 1919, the terms of the contract became known to the world community and plunged the German people in amazement. The country fulfilled the terms of the compa agreement, folded the weapon and brought troops from neighboring countries, consolidated the change of monarchy to parliamentary democracy. The people, to all of the time, believed that all the wines for the unleashing of the war lay primarily in France and Russia, waiting for a completely different solution of the winners. The German government, led by President Ebert, signed an agreement 19 minutes before the expiration of the last period. The full marine blockade of Germany and the numerous antite troops, which stood along the Rhine, did not leave the choice. The inevitable was perceived as a betrayal. Moreover, such an assessment of the occurrence - the defeat is not as a result of weakness, but as a result of the treason - reassured the painful pride of the Germans and was willingly perceived by all the segments of the population. From this point on, any German politician, at least partially recognizing the contract, was doomed to ambulance political death, while any, cursing "Poison of Versailles", "Versailles chains", etc., gained points.

Theoretically, the contract was called up to protect the world from the threat of war from the German Earth. Perhaps people who worked directly above his text have already felt the mood of the revenge in the post-war German society, who managed to form in the past seven and a half months of the world. These people wanted to protect their states with one feather stroke. However, 21 years later, in a mockery over the former winners, the German Führer prejudices the conditions for the surrender of France in the carriage itself and on the same clearance of the compient forest, clearly showing what the ink of the mirror hall was worthwhile.

Submitting to the view of the decision of the winning countries, the ReichSver command immediately began to look for ways to bypass imposed prohibitions. Some assistance in this began to provide the Germans of the USSR, which is not better approached for this purpose: Russia was not a member of the Versailles Treaty removed from the eye. The USSR had sufficient capacities for the production of arms, which were idle due to the financial and general rules after the civil war. In addition, the common hostility to Poland allowed to find at least some political points of contact among the former opponents.

There is a completely wrong opinion that future German tank workers and pilots were trained in the Soviet military schools. Just these collections were located in the territory of the USSR, but they were built and equipped with the whole Germans for the money of the Reichsver. So, in 1923-1924, the Germans in Lipetsk was organized by the Germans, which began to function in full strength In 1927 after retrofit. Tank School in Kazan, from scratch built by specialists from Germany (including training classes, workshops, training field), began working in 1928 upon arrival of experienced german tanks. Current expenses on both institutions have completely carried the Germans. In both schools, according to mutual agreement, a certain number of Soviet cadets paid by the Soviet parties were studied. So, not the Germans studied with us to ride the tanks and fly on airplanes, and sometimes quite the opposite. As for the widespread opinion, as if the famous military leader and the theorist of Tank War, Geinz Guderian, studied in a tank school in Kazan, then this is also not true. In August 1932, in the rank of Orastleytetanta Reichsver, he only came to Kazan to Kazan to inspect that school (the object "Kama").

All this, our cooperation with the Reichsver was not limited. At the end of 1923, the USSR revisions suddenly decided to start the production of 77-mm artillery shells allegedly for newly formed special artdivizions armed with trophy German guns. The main management of the military industry (GUVP) was proposed to produce 400 thousand projectiles to a regular and mobilization stock due to super-payment allocations. And this is despite the fact that there were only 12 German 77-mm guns on Soviet warehouses, and still needed repair. Obviously, hundreds of thousands of shells were not intended for the Red Army. It was a secret order from Germany (through the methaim company), which could not because of the versal restrictions to produce shells on their factories. This order was undoubtedly beneficial to the Soviet military industry, since it allowed to load idle production and provided the work of about 7,000 people. In conditions of strictest secrecy, it was completed by the end of 1925. The tests were performed on individual polygons, the entire correspondence was destroyed, and the finished products went to the warehouses near Leningrad, where to go to Germany secretly.

There were other projects. The company "Junanger" was conducted negotiations on construction in the territory of the USSR Aviation Plant, with the command of Reichsvera - on the joint construction of a plant for the manufacture of Iprit (Joint-Stock companies "Viko", "Metakhim", Bersol), these plans were not destined to come true in different ways reasons, such as due to poor-quality and outdated equipment supplied by Stolzerberg for the production of OV.

Similarly, the Reichsver collaborated with some other states. Under the conditions of the Versailles world of Germany, it was forbidden to have a submarine fleet, but its secret construction was not stopped for a minute. In 1927, as a result of the parliamentary investigation, the scandal associated with the information on the construction of the Turkish shipyards, controlled by Krupp, submarines for Germany, was forced to resign the head of the Hans Adolf Vagerk. His place was taken by Admiral Erich Reder, under the leadership of which a new secret program for the creation of the Navy was developed, including the construction of submarines. Large assistance to ReichSwar Crap Concern also provided in other areas of weapons. Before and during the war, the Krupp enterprise produced up to 3 thousand guns per month (including the famous "Greater Bert" and "Long Max"). After Versaille, the company had the right to produce field guns of only one type in the amount of 4 (!) Pieces per year. However, the head of the Concern Gustav Krupp von Benen Union Galbach, taking advantage of the fact that the restrictions did not concern its foreign factories, quickly established the production of weapons in Sweden and Holland, and in Germany he himself made tractors, which only lacked the tower with a gun to become a tank. In addition, the development of new artillery systems continued in the constructive bureau, because the design of weapons was not prohibited by the contract. According to American intelligence, to May 1921, i.e., less than a year after Versailles, the Krupp received several dozen patents on fire management systems, fuses, shells, heavy guns, etc. For the "future resurrection of Germany, a dropping chain Versailles "(the words of the Gustav of Krupp himself), he tried in every way to preserve the working and engineering potential of his company. But the main task of the German command was the preparation of the personnel of the army and the saving of experienced officers. In the first years of the Reich's existence (from 1919 to 1926), the Chef of the Land Forces Department General Johannes Friedrich Leopold, better known as Hansa von sect, was attached to solving this task all his strength and talent. The rehensver created by him was independent not only from all political movements and parties, but practically from the government. It was a state in the state. They even say that for finding in his ranks of the Nazis or Communist subsequently (already under the Military Minister of Great) of the baseer awarded the golden clock.

Those who want to serve in the army during the years of destroying and unemployment was even debt. This made it possible to produce a strict medical and intellectual selection among applicants for a soldier. Suffice it to say that after the medical examination and the exhaustrial exam on physical preparation, the candidates wrote an essay on the topic "Why I want to serve in the ReichSver." The service life specified by the contract (and versalem), as noted above, was to be at least 12 years. Needless to say, recruitment training in the Reichsver was held according to an extremely tense program. Private ordinary there were prepared as non-Officers, and non-commissioned officers so that they could in case of a sharp increase in personnel to accept the departments, taking the position of junior officers. Since the ratio of ordinary and nonsense officers in the Reichsver was not regulated by versal restrictions, it was brought to almost 2: 1, and in order to somehow maintain an officer corps, limited to four thousand people, the village attached officers to civilian posts in government agencies or translated them to the police .

Under the fictitious innocuous names, the sect hid the General Staff (military management), the exploration of the General Staff (Statistics Department. Welfare Service), Military Academies (Special Courses). The infantry units in 300 people were assigned the names and banners of the old glorified regiments of the Imperial Army. Thus, crushed shelves were veiled, capable of increasing their number in case of mobilization. All this created conditions, if necessary, to quickly deploy a rejeser to a millionth army.

It should be mentioned about the so-called "black rehsser". These were the detachments of the former Freicoretsers with a total of up to 60 thousand people disguised as working brigades and stationed along the German-Polish border. Caring for the equipment of these detachments took over the official Reichsver. True, they subsequently had to be disbanded due to undisciplining and political activity. The German police became an excellent reserve of the army, the number of which exceeded the number of the rehensver himself (one Prussian police numbered 85 thousand people). The police were trained on the full army program of thousands of thousands, and some police officers subsequently commanded the divisions and vessels of the Wehrmacht.

But German young people received the necessary training not only in the army. In Germany, at this time there were many sports organizations, in particular aviation, planearist, parachute, etc. Society and unions, encouraged and supported by the army. Subsequently (at the Nazi), they joined the structures as the National Socialist Flight Corps (NSFK), the National Socialist Autocorpus (NSKK), the German Air Force (DLV), the German Union of Anti-Friend Defense (RLB), a fast technical assistance service ( Teno) and others. All these were forgeracks for future Luftwaffe, Crymsmarine and the Land Forces of the Wehrmacht.

By the time of coming to the authorities of the Nazis, at the beginning of 1933, the Reichsver was ready to deploy into the modern army of the size of the size of the size. So not Hitler was at all, as they would say now, the architect of the new German army. But he actively continued its construction. However, by this time there was no longer that international control of the early 20s. Therefore, waiting a little more than two years, on March 16, 1935, the Führer announced the abolition of all restrictions on the German army, restored the universal military service and announced the formation of new divisions. Reichsver was renamed Wehrmacht, and its components were: land forces (DIE LUFTWAFFE) - Air Force and Crygsmarine (Die Kriegsmarine) - Navy. Western powers did not take any more or less significant counterators. Moreover, three months after that, the United Kingdom concluded a naval agreement with Hitler, resolving Germany for further weapons to sea within the balance of power established with the British. And after, after a few months, the Viberta division has already entered the demilitarized Rhine region with the complete absence of response from the winners of 1918. On this one could consider all 440 restrictive articles of the Versailles Treaty finally denounced.

So, Reichsver, without participating in 16 years of its existence in any, even the smallest, battle, won a difficult and very important campaign. Truly, we can say that the German army, like a Phoenix bird, was revived from the ash and soon surprised the whole world and terrified Europe. Surprised not a special number or extraordinary weapon, and the ability, a learning, clear understanding of the principles of modern war and the will to victory. For five bloody years, she taught this new war and others. Alas, this magnificent tool was in the hands of a person poisoned by the poison of the insane ideology of the National Socialism itself invented by him.