Atlasov V. T.

Atlasov Vladimir Vladimirovich (about 1661-1711), the landlord, the Cossack head, the first explorer of Kamchatka, one of the discovers of the Kuril Islands.

The service began in 1682 in Yakutsk. Until 1689 collected Yasak in the Alandan River Basin and the Uda, Tugur and Amgun (Left Flow of Amur), until August 1694 - on the Rivers of Indigirk, Kolyma and Anadyr. From the campaign on the eastern part of the Chukotka Peninsula (summer 1692) delivered brief information About Chukotka, Alaska and Eskimos.

In August 1695, he was appointed Claudist Anadyr Ostrog. During the Kamchatka campaign (the end of December 1696 - mid-July 1699) passed the land of almost all the west coast of the Kamchatka Peninsula (1,100 kilometers), without reaching 100 kilometers to the cape of the blade. By the end of the summer, 1698 came to the coast Pacific Ocean 51 ° 21 'p. sh. (Cape Infanuush). Assemmed the first information about volcanoes, including the highest in Eurasia and numerous mineral springs.

In the middle of 1700, he returned to Yakutsk and was sent with a report to Moscow. In Tobolsk, together with S. Remezova amounted to one of the first drawings of Kamchatka. In Moscow, Atlasov presented a number of "SPACES" (two) with the first accurate information about the nature and population of Kamchatka, her animal and vegetable world, On the seas, washing the peninsula, their ice mode.

For a successful campaign ended by the accession of Kamchatka to Russia, Atlasov was assigned rank of the Cossack head and issued a reward in the amount of 100 rubles. He spent this money on the goods taken from the warehouse of the newly deceased merchant. The heirs of the deceased filed at the Atlas complaint, and he was imprisoned for four years. After liberation (1707), he was sent by a clerk to Kamchatka. In this position he stayed only six months. Related seruners planted Atlasov to the dungeon, from which he fled and until January 1711 was located in Nizhnekamchatsk, where during the next insurgency Cossacks was killed.

The study of Kamchatka by Russian people began in the middle of the XVII century. In 1650, Mikhail Vasilyevich Stadkhin visited Mikhail Vasilyevich Stadukhin, in 1658-1661, Ivan Ivanovich Kamchatka, after a few years - Kazak Ivan Merkuryevich Rubech with his people. Thanks to the information extracted by these travelers, Kamchatka lands appeared on Russian maps of the late XVII century. However, the main merit in joining and at the beginning of the development of Kamchatka belongs to Vladimir Vasilyevich Atlasov.

Vladimir Atlasov was born around 1661 in the Cossack and Yakutka family. I started to serve in 1682 I am Yakutsk. Over time, having received the rank of Pentecost, was appointed to collect Yasak (tribute) in the Amur region and north - on the Rivers of Indigirik, Kolyma and Anadyr. In 1695, Atlasov became a clerk (that is, the boss) in Anadyr Ostrog, and the detachment under the command of the Cossack Luke Morozko sent to Kamchatka for the next year. After his return, Atlas decided to prepare a more solid expedition. Moreover, Vladimir Vasilyevich provided it completely on its own, local authorities (in the face of Yakut governors) did not give money and supplies. In the spring of 1697 atlas, along with a detachment of 65 Cossacks and 60 Yukagirov went south of Anadyr. Having reached the peninsula, the traveler with a part of the people went along the west coast, and his assistant onion Morozko, with another part of the detachment - along the Eastern Shore. On the path of Atlas, the local population led to the submission and collected Yasak foxed skins. But one day the cory, which was much more, refused to pay Yasak and attacked travelers. A part of Yukagirov with a squad joined the Koryakov. In that fight, three Cossacks were killed, many, including the atlas himself, were injured. Then he sent for help to Luke Morozko, soon both groups were connected and then went together. They went to the Kamchatka River and at the place of the river Kanuch (russia) 28 (18 in the old style) of July 1697 put a big cross, in the sign of the belonging of these lands to russian state. In 1700, returning to Yakutsk, the atlases amounted to detailed description Kamchatka terrain, vegetation, animal peace and population of the peninsula. He first described Kamchatka volcanoes and mineral springs, brought Japanese Denbay from Kamchatka, who after the shipwreck was captured to local residents.

In 1701, Voevod sent Vladimir Atlasov to Moscow, for the report on new exploded and affiliated land. With the Atlas went and denbay who turned out to be the first in the history of the Japanese in the Russian capital (later he served as a translator in the order of artillery).

Pon the spread of Russian possession in the north and in the village of the village on the most significant rivers flowing into the Arctic Sea, from the Lena River to the East to Anadyrsk, an hour from the hour more effort was attached, so that from Anadyr further to spend the lands and living there to lead to citizenship there; What the sake of every clarity was confirmed by all the measures to get the news, where what people live, how many people are crowded, what a weapon has, what wealth, etc.

Thus, the Kamchatka could not be known even at a time when several Koryakov of Pryzhinsky and Olyutor's seas from Anadyrsk were already honored, for them as the neighbors Kamchatsky, and the milled koryakov, who often walked inside the Kamchatka itself, the people were quite well known.

But who was the first of the Russian people in Kamchatka, I do not have a reliable certificate; And according to the verbal news, this is attributed to this, by some kind of commercial man Fedot Alekseev, on whom the Nikul-River Fedovshchychynoye - is called in Kamchatka: as if he went from the mouth of the Kovyma River, the Arctic Sea in seven Kochy, as if the weather was attributed from other nomads and was listed on Kamchatka, where he was And walked with her cochy, and at the other, the summer bypassing the Kuril shovel, reached the Pyzhinsky Sea to the Tigil River and from the Koryakov River killed in winter with all the comrades, to which the killings of AKI would have fallen themselves when one of them was slaughtered; For the Koryaki, who, in the fiery of their arms above the mortals, were read, seeing that they could die, did not want to have so terrible guests. [This is true that the signs of wintering him on a marked river Nikule to our times were visible.]

The news of his nautical path from the Kovyma River is confirmed by the postponement of serving Seeds Dezhnev, because Dezhnev announces that their maritime journey was unfavorable, Fedot Alekseeva spoke to the weather with him, he wore for a long time, and finally threw ashore Front end for Anadyr River.

But the news of his life in Kamchatka and that Nikul-River Fedovshchikov in his name is called, somewhat doubtful: for he was shown that he was shown that in 7162 he walked, Dezhnev, near the sea hike and beat the Yakut Baba of Alekseeva from Koryakov which he told that Fedot with one service died died, and their other comrades were broken, and there were few people left, and went in boats in what were, and where to unknow.

As regards the Zimovo river built on the Nikule River, then from the Kamchadalov themselves, they are confirmed that they are delivered by Russian people, and their ruins to our times were visible.

But this difference in news, it seems to be disgusted to be, if we put that Fedot with the comrades did not die on Tigil, but between Anadarem and Olyutvsky: because it will not be afraid that I will not safely imagine that he and in Kamchatka walked with Komoche His own, and the spoon reached the Tigil's river, which he followed back to Anadyr and the sea, or dry through the Olyutorskogo shore, and died on the way, and his comrades or beaten, or were missing, although to get rid of the murder.

But be that as it may, however, this campaign was, and not great importance, because there was no benefit from him, not tooccamo for state interest, but also for the most reliable news of the land of Kamchatka; For, as described above, no one has returned from the announced campaign; What for the sake of the first trip to Kamchatka you can honor the campaign of the Cossack Pentecost, Vladimir Atlasov.

Atlas in 7203 was sent from Yakutsk with a clerk to Anadyr Ostrog, and he was ordered, since with the other craters, Yasak, to make sidewalls to Anadyr Koryakov and Yukagyrey and try their republic's republic and about bringing them to a self-adjustable sovereign.

In 7204, he was sent from him to the Akutic Koryakov of Luke Morozko in 16 people, for the yasant fee, which, on his return, announced that he was not only in these Koryakov, but also to Kamchatka did not reach Tokmo for 4 days, and in the hike He took the Kamchatsky Ostrod, and in the pogrom I received unknown what letters who declared Atlasov.

According to this Izvestia atlas, taking with 60 people servants, yes, the number of Yukagires, and leaving 38 serve people in Anadyr, went in 7205 after the yasacious collection in Kamchatka, and in that campaign he was led by an Aklansky, Stone and Ust - Talovsky Ostrog, yes, took one battle.

After what they say, he divided his party to his sun, half sent to the eastern sea under the command of the onions of Frost, and he followed himself on the Penzhinsky Sea himself.

The Allies of His Yukagiri changed him on Pallane, 3 people who were killed da 15 people and his, Atlas, wounded, but their intentions to beat everyone, did not fulfill; For the Cossacks, COLLECTLY, scolded away from the villains and, despite the fact that they lost their help, they did not leave their enterprises, but they continued their campaign to the south.

The Tigil-River joined the packs of both parties, and gathered Yasak with Inomers living on the attack, Kigil, and Supie and Harius Rivers, and they did not reach the Calask River for three days. As ICE, he took the Kamchadalov of the Polonennik of the Uzakinsky (Japanese) state.

From there he returned back and walked to the Ichi River, and with the Ichi, going to Kamchatka River, built the top Kamchatsky Ostrog and leaving the servant Potap SERYUKOV, in 15 people went to Yakutsk 7208 of July 2 and took off her the Japanese prisoner and the Yasachny Kamchatka treasury, which consisted in 80 forty-sable, in a sable park, in 10 beabons of the sea, in 7 beaver flaps, in 4 outdoors, in 10 foxes of the sovereignty, in 191 red Lisera, and he had his own Sobolie, Products, as written, revented, 11 fortings.

And from Yakutsk, he sent with a casseau to Moscow, where the Cossack head of Yakutsk was granted for a memorated service, and there was a pack of Paks to Kamchatka, gaining 100 people in Tobolsk, in Yeniseisk and in Yakutsk from the Cossack children in Cossack service And for that hike was to provide it in both Moscow and Tobolsk in small guns, peaks, lead and gunpowder, and, moreover, give him a regimental banner, drummer and an appeal from Tobolsk.

But Atlas on Kamchatka was not shipped to 1706 due to the existence of the investigation former: for he, walking from Tobolsk by the courts in 1701, broke up to the Tungusk River with the Chinese Goods of Login Dobrynin, what is the order of that guest in Yakutsk he beat the man, and on the past one, atlas, atlas, with the main 10 breeders were imprisoned, and in 1702 he was sent to Kamchatka for the choice of serving Mikhail Zinoviev, who was in Kamchatka, as in Oppiski from Yakutsk, even before Atlas maybe with frozen.

Meanwhile, the servant Potap Suroyukov left on Kamchatka lived in the Upper Kamchatka Ostrog for three years without all sorts of rolling from Kamchadal; For he because of the small number of Yasak did not bother, but, under the guise of a merchant, traded with them; Finally, he went to Anadyrsk, but Koryaki, without allowing him to Anadyrsk, they killed all the comrades.

And the departure of him, apparently, was learn how the son of Boyarsky Timofey Kobelev came to Kamchatka, who was revered by the first clerk of the Ostrov.

It suffered an accommodation of the Upper Kamchatka Okogogo on the Kali-Kyg River, which is from the former in half-sewer, and again built wintering on the River Elovka; And Yasak, like on the Kamchatka River, so on Penzhinsky and Bobrovoy Sea, he also selected a lot and with Yasachyu casseau went to Yakutsk in 1704 well.

In the time of the party of Anadyr serving people, under the command of serviced Andrei Kutin, built six wintering on the Uka River flowing into the eastern sea and began to cut Yasak from the Koryakov.

Kobelev replaced the above-described Mikhailo Zinoviev, who sent from Yakutsk instead of Vladimir Atlasov, and he ruled Kamchatsky Ostrogs before the arrival of the Cossack Pentecost, Vasily Kolovova, from 1703 to 1704. During the exception of his first, he started yasakny books, in which Kamchadalov began to enter the first.

Lower Kamchatka wintering, for the inability of the place, moved to the keys and on Large river Ostrog built. He also translated from the Ukinsky wintering in Kamchatka Anadyr serving people at the request of them; Thus, bringing Kamchatka affairs to some order, happily in Yakutsk returned with the Yasachy casseau.

In 1704, the Cossack Pentecian Vasily Zinoviev came from Yakutsk to St. Mikhail Zinoviev, who was sitting on the order in April 1706, for replacing the Yakut Son of Boyarsky Vasily Protopopov in 1704 and serviced by Vasily Shelkovnikov in 1705 The road from Olyotors, and with them ten people serve.

During his reign, there was a first trip to the Kuril Earth, and a person with 20 smokers was announced, and other smokers, who had a considerable number, Rzini felt.

And this clarifier with the Yasachy casseau in Yakutsk came safely, although on him August in the last numbers of a marked year near the Penzhina River and it was a distinguishing from non-cerebral seats of Koshikhin Koshkin, which consists of the mouth of Talovka; For he, being notified in advance from the sedentary koryaks of Aklansky Ostrog, who from Koshin versts at 15, followed with proper caution.

In Aklansky, he lived for 15 weeks, waiting for the Winter Way, in which the Koshukhin Koshukhin's Koryuki and some others were attempted to kill him with servants, Tokmo was not allowed from Aklansky residents.

Wheels in a marked Ostrog found seven people servants left after Shelknikov with Gift and Powder Kaznoye, sent to the Kamchatka Ostroda, whom he, in Kamchatka, the poverty in lead and gunpowder, sent his team with a twenty one man, and the team instructed the election serve Semen Lomayev, who and Yasak ordered to close in all three Kamchatka Ostrogs.

At the departure of Vasily Kolovov from Kamchatka did not have any noble treason at the yasachantairs, and after the customers in the upper Ostrogen, Fedor Ankudinova, in Nizhny - Fedor Yarygin, and the Bolsher Tracks - Dmitry Yarygin, rebelled the Bolsheretsky Kamchadals, the Bolsheversky Russian Ostrog burned and former In it, serve without a residue broke. In the time and on the Bobrovsky Sea killed a yasant collector in 5 people.

The reason for the rebellion of them was, maybe the one that they had a yasant collection, which was already with coercion, it seemed to be painted, the Napass that they then had the former liberty from memory yet, which they hoped to return the killing of Russian people; For, according to the announcement of the local old-timers, Kamchadala thought that the Russian Cossacks were some fugitives, for the fact that they always came to them almost alone, but again did not arrive; What did they not doubt all of them to translate them without a balance, and in the impropy, again from Anadyrsky hoped for Koryakov and Olytors, being known that they were two cruisers - Protopopov and Shelkovikov with teams - broke on the road.

However, they are very deceived: for, instead of acquiring the previous liberty, many lost their belly, which is why they were silent against the previous one, as below it will be announced.

Cossacks for their littleness were forced then to live with extreme caution, leaving the time of traitors alone. Meanwhile, in a marked 1706 atlas, Atlas was released from under guard and sent from Yakutsk to Kamchatka Claudist with the same advantages that were given to him in 1701 to have full power over servants and wine, looking in the case, battles and whip punish; And he ordered his former guilty, he learned the robbery, to earn and in supporting the lands and non-masted people to render with extreme jealousy, offended and taxes to no one to repair and not to use strictness against ingenians when you can do the teacher, otherwise the death penalty Prescribed.

But atlases, having settled from Yakutsk with a considerable number of servants and with military supplies, between which there were two small copper guns, soon returned to the former, for, without reaching Anadyr, innocent beatings and other reprehensive acts brought serviced in such a sadness, That everyone was almost sent to him in Yakutsk petitions.

For all, however, he came to Kamchatka happily in 1707 in July in July and accepted the Upper and Lower Kamchatka Ostroga to the Upper Customers, but the yasachius casnoe was in charge of that year.

In August, he sent him to a campaign to the Bobrova Sea for the assimilation of trains, which were broken by Ivan Tathina in 70, who were in the November 27th of the same year. Remembered hiking from the highest progress to Avachi did not have any resistance, but as they are near the Avachin lip, which is now the Harbor of Peter and Paul, spent the night, then serviced Kamchadalov and Kamchadals serve saw.

And in addition, the traitors were in the collection of hundreds from eight, they persuaded, so that they would not beat the servants, but they had to disassemble and knit, which for the sake of the sake of the belt and every traine in the belt; Such a hope for their great many.

The next day, Tarautin went to the Avachinsky lip, where the boat and bidars were stood. Movements, meanwhile, hiding in the forest on both sides of the road, expected his arrival and, skipping a few front, to the midst of the middle they were attacked, and beat with servants for so long until most of them fell in place, and others were forced to flee. Considers were killed 6 people yes somewhat injured.

Kamchadalov Taken in Polon Tokmo three people from best people, Because of which it was collected from the remaining Yasak trains no more than 10 sables, 4 foxes of red and 19 bobres of sea. However, the same country is completely not conquered, because to the most important Kamchatka Bunt, who was learn in 1731, the inhabitants were almost always in treason.

From there, the pankers returned to the Upper Ostrog with the Yasachy casseau and with the marked Amanats of November 27 of the day 1707, as described above. Until now, the board in Kamchatka Ostroga was somewhat decent, for the fact that the subordinates of their commanders as they were supposed to have read and obeyed them without any resistance, and then they began to take away the teams, to select the belongings, plant themselves in prisons and kill In the next chapter, it will be extended to the best.

• 40.

The secondary opening of Kamchatka made at the very end of the XVII century. A new order of Anadyr Ostrogen Yakut Cossack Vladimir Vladimirovich Atlasov. He was sent in 1695 from Yakutsk to Anadyr Ostrog with hundreds of Cossacks to collect Yasak from local Koryakov and Yukagirov. Next year he sent a small squad (16 people) under the team of L. Morozko to seaside koryakov. He penetrated, however, much further on the southwest, on the Kamchatka mn, and reached the river. Tigil, which flows into the Okhotsk Sea, where he found the first Kumchadal village. "Pogromoving" him, L. Morozko returned to r. Anadyr.
At the beginning of 1697, in a winter camcorder against Kamchadalov spoke on deers himself of V. Atlasov with a detachment of 125 people, half of the Russians, half of Yukagirov. He passed along the eastern shore of Pryzhskaya lips to 60 ° C. sh. and turned to the east "through high g0ru" (the southern part of the Koryak Highlands), to the mouth of one of the rivers, flowing into the Olyutorm Bay of Bering Sea, where he posted
com (oralor) koryakov. A group of people under the head of L. Morozno V. Atlasov sent to the south along the Pacific Coast of Kamchatka, he returned to the Sea of \u200b\u200bOkhotsk and moved along the western shore of the peninsula. Part of Yukagirov from his detachment rebelled. More than 30 Russians, including the commander himself, were injured, five killed. Then V. Atlasov caused the people of L. Morozno to him and with their help was fighting from the rebels.
The connected squad went up. Tigil to the median ridge, translated it and penetrated into p. Kamchatka in the area of \u200b\u200bKlyuchevskaya Popov. According to V. Atlasov, Kamchadal, with whom he first met here, "clothes are sable, and foxes, and deero, and fasten the dress with dogs. And they have winter earthen yurts, and summer on the pillars embroidered from the land of Sazhi three, mixed up boards and covered with fir cortex, but go to those yurts on stairs. And the yurts from Yurt to Nature, and in one place Yurt is a hundred [hundreds] two and three and four. And feed fisheries and beast; And the fish eat raw, frills. And in the winter, the fish is in the winter: put in the pits and fall asleep the earth, and that fish is worn out. And pulling out the fish, put into the decks, poured with water, and the stamps are riser, they are put in those decks and water heated, and that fish with that water is stirred, and drink. And from alone fish, the Smad Spirit occurs ... And the rifles have them onions, the arms of the stone and bone, and the iron will not be born. " /\u003e Residents told V. Atlasov, that with the same r. Kamchatka comes to them by other Kamchadals, kill them and rob them, and offered together with Russian to go to them and "smoke to live in the Council." People V. Atlasov and Kamchadale sat down in the pins and swam down the river. Kamchatka, the valley of which was then thick inhabited: "And as they floated in Kamchatka - on both sides of the Inozem residents river a lot, the greatness of the Great." Three days later, the allies approached the Ostrogam Kamchadalov, who refused to pay Yasak; There was more than 400 yurt. "And He-de Volodyimer with servilators of their people, Kamchadalov, thorough and small people beat and scattered them."
Down the p. Kamchatka to the sea of \u200b\u200bAtlasov sent to the exploration of one Cossack, and he counted from the mouth of r. Floves to the sea - on the site about 150 km - 160 sources. Atlasov says that in each acute

Kamchatka Balagan and Yurt (by S. Krasheninnikov)

live 150-200 people in one or two winter yurts. (In winter Kamchadaly lived in large generic dugouts.) "The summer yurts near the columns on the pillars - in every man has its own yurt." The valley of the lower Kamchatka during the campaign was relatively densely inhabited: the distance from one great "Posad" to the other was often less than 1 km. In the lower reaches of Kamchatka lived, according to the modest counting, about 25 thousand people. "And from the mouth to go over the Kamchatka River week, there is a mountain - like a bread skirmish, great and much higher, and the other near it is similar to the Senny Stack and is high much: it goes smoke from it during the day, and at night I sparks and glow." This is the first news of two largest volcanoes Kamchatka - Klyuchevskaya Stalk and Tolbachika - and in general about Kamchatka volcanoes.
Collecting information about the lower reaches. Kamchatka, Atlas turned back. For the pass through the middle ridge, he began to pursue deer Koryakov who hijacked his deer, and inside them Sea Okhotsk. "And the day and night beat, and ... their koryakov, a hundred and one and a half of their koryakov, and deer beat off, and those fed. And other koryaks ran through the forests. " Then Atlas turned back to the south and went six weeks along the western shore of Kamchatka, collecting Yasak "Lask and Greetings" from the counter-kamchadals. Even further in the south of the Russians met the first "Kuril men [Aina | -

six Ostrov, and people in them a lot of people ... ". The Cossacks took one Ostrog "and Kurilov a man of sixty, who were in Ostrog and opposed - nobily everyone," but others did not touch: it turned out that the Ainov "No abdomen [property] and Yasak nothing to take something; And I will be much a lot of fools in their land, only they do not eat them, because they are sobol and the foxes of them anywhere ", that is, to sell them.
Atlas was just 100 km from the southern tip of Kamchatka. But, according to Kamchadalov, further to the south "There are much many people on the rivers", and the Russian powder and lead were on the outcome. And the detachment returned to Anadyr Ostrog, and from there late in the spring of 1700 - in Yakutsk. In five years (1695--1700), V. Atlas passed more than 11 thousand km.
In Verkhnekamchatsky, V. Atlasov left 15 Cossacks led by Potap Sernjov, a man cautious and not greedy, who was peacefully traded with Kamchadala and did not collect Yasaka. He spent three years among them, but after shifting, on the way back to Anadyr Ostrog, he and his people were killed by the rebels.
V. Atlas from Yakutsk went with a presentation to Moscow. On the way, in Tobolsk, he showed its materials to S. U. Remezov, who was with its help, one of the detailed drawings of N-ov Kamchatka. In Moscow, V. Atlas has lived since the end of January to February 1701 and presented a number of "SPAKS", fully or partially published several times. They contained the first information about the relief and climate of Kamchatka, about its flora and fauna, about the seas, washing the peninsula, and their ice mode. In the "Skabs" V. Atlasov reported some data on the Kuril O-Wah, quite a detailed news of Japan and brief information about the "Volyna Earth" (North-West America).
He also gave a detailed synographic characteristic of the population of Kamchatka. "The man is poorly educated, he ... possessed non-real mind and great observation, and his testimony ... [" Skary "| ... conclude a lot of most valuable ethnographic and geographical data. None of the Siberian Lockers XVII and the beginning of the XVIII centuries ... does not give such meaningful reports "(L. Berg).
In Moscow, V. Atlasov appointed the Cossack head and again sent Pa Kamchatka. On the road, on the hangar, he captured the goods of the deceased Russian merchant. If you do not know all the circumstances, the word "robbery" could be applied to this case. However, in reality, V. Atlasov took the goods, making them inventory, only 100 rubles. - Exactly the amount that was granted to him by the leadership of the Siberian order as a reward for the campaign of Pa Kamchatka. The heirs filed a complaint, and Kamchatsky Ermak, as A. S. Pushkin called him, after interrogation, under the supervision, the bailiff was sent to the river. Lena for returning goods sold to them with the benefits for themselves. After a few years, after the successful completion of the investigation, V. Atlas left the same rank of the Cossack head.

Riding on dogs (NO S. Krasheninnikov)

In those days, several more groups of Cossacks and "Hoochi people" penetrated Kamchatka, Boleyezzi and Nizhnekamchatsky Ostrot were built there, robbed and killed Kamchadalov. In 1706, the order of Vasily Wheel was sent to the Kuril Earth, that is, the southern part of Kamchatka, Mikhail Nadzkina with 50 Cossacks for the assimilation of "non-smile ingenians." He moved to the south on dogs, but did not reach the "nose of the earth", that is, to Cape the blade, but sent the scouts there. They reported that in the cauldron, "overflows" (sheds), the land is visible in the sea, "but there is nothing to spend dear, and there are no ships of marine and ship surplus, and there is no place."
When the information about the Kamchatsky earnests reached Moscow, V. Atlasov sent a clerk to Kamchatka: to detect the order and "former guilt". He was given complete power over the Cossacks. Threatened death penalty He was ordered to act "against the ingenians of caresses and greetings" and offended by no one to repair. But V. Atlasov did not get to Anadyr Ostrog, how denunciations fell on him: the Cossacks complained about his self-deficiency and cruelty.
At Kamchatka, he arrived in July 1707. And in December, the Cossacks, accustomed to free life, rebelled, renounced him from power, chose a new chief and to justify, sent new petitions to Yakutsk with complaints of the insults from Atlas and Crime, allegedly Perfect to them. The rebellors were planted atlas to "Kazenka" (prison), and his property was selected in the treasury. Atlasi Be-

Nizhnekamchatsky Ostrog (NO S. Krasheninnikov)

plug from prison and appeared in Nizhnekamchatsk. He demanded from the local order to give him superiors over the Ostrog; He refused, but left Atlas on the will.
Meanwhile, the Yakut governor, saying the road complaints of Atlas to Moscow, sent to Kamchatka by Petra Chirikov with a detachment of 50 people in 1709. In the way P. Chirikov lost in skirmishes with koreas 13 Cossacks and military supplies. Arriving on Kamchatka, he sent to r. Large 40 Cossacks for the pacification of the southern Kamchadalov. But those big forces attacked Russians; Eight people were killed, the rest almost all injured. For a whole month, they sat in siege and hardly escaped. P. Chirikov himself with 50 Cossacks pacified the eastern Kamchadalov and again imposed Yasak on them. By the fall of 1710, from Yakutsk arrived at the change of P. Chirikov Osip Mironovich Lipin with a detachment of 40 people.
In Kamchatka, there were three clerk at once: V. Atlasov, formally not yet rendered from office, P. Chirikov and newly appointed O. Lipin. Chirikov passed Lipina Verkhnekamchatsk, and in October he sailed on boats with his people to Nizhnekamchatsk, where he wanted to be overwhelmed. Lipin in December also arrived in Nizhnekamchatsk.
In January 1711, both were returned to Verkhnekamchatsk. On the way, the rebeling Cossacks killed Lipin. P. Chirikov They gave time to repent, and they themselves rushed to Nizhnekamchatsk to kill Atlas. "Without rearing for the clusters, they sent three Cossacks to him with a letter, prescribing them to kill him when he would be to read it ... But they caught him sleeping and stabbed. So Kamchatsky Ermak died! .. The rowers joined the urgent ... Craked the belongings of the killed orders ... Chose Ataman Antsiferov, Kozyrevsky Esaul, with Tigil, brought Atlas's belongings ... Craveled edible supplies, sails and tackles sea Path From Mironov [Lipina] and left for the Upper Ostrog, and Chirikov was thrown into the prolub [Drub], March 20th 1711 "(A. S. Pushkin). According to B. P. Polevoy, the Cossacks appeared to V. Atlas at night; He leaned toward the candle to read the fake diploma brought them, and got a knife in the back.

Vladimir Atlasov occupies a prominent place among Russian landlords. In 1696, at the head of the Cossack detachment, he made a campaign in Kamchatka and this mainly completed the opening of Russian Siberia, for the first time informing quite reliable information about the nature and population of the peninsula.

Like most brave Russian landlords, the Atlasov were immigrants from the northern regions of European Russia. Not from a good life, the family of Vladimir Atlasov left Usolye Kamsky and moved to residence in Siberia. Neglectically met their stern edge. The need and there was an atlaes challenge further into the depths of Siberia. The young years of Atlas were held in wandering around the cities and rudders located on the shores of the Great Lena. Before entering "on the Sovereign Service" in the Yakut garrison, he traded a sable in the vicinity.

At the new field, the young Cossack was distinguished by endurance, courage, resourcefulness and smelting. These qualities, and besides, the non-serve organizer abilities noticeably allocated atlas from the environment of its associates. More than once sent him to the capital of the Russian state Moscow to accompany the precious "state of the Soud Casna". For this trip, in the conditions of almost complete off-road, through mountain passes and by the brushed tributaries of Yenisei and Obi, only the strongest and endless Cossacks were selected.

Atlas participated and in the east of Yakutsk, on the coast of the Okhotsk Sea, served on the Mae River and along the southern borders of the Yakut Voivodeship, in Dauria, where I was collected by Yasak from the peoples who inhabited this extensive land.

The Yakutsk governor noticed Atlas and, having assisted to him the title of Pentecost, in 1695 he appointed a clerk to one of the most remote acreresses - to the "Chuck Region" on the Anadyr River. The governor gave the new chief of the Anadyr region the ordinary in such cases: "seek new land."

At the head of the detachment, which consisted of only 13 Cossacks, at the end of the summer of 1695 atlas acted in a heavy and dangerous campaign to the extreme northeast, in Anadyrsk. To the destination, the detachment arrived only eight months later, April 29, 1696

From the stories of the experienced Cossacks of Atlasov learned that somewhere in the south there is an extensive land. Then he collected among the local population of the Namylans (Koryakov) and Yukagirov information about this big and rich cannon country, the first rumors about which brought to Yakutsk still Dejnev. To test contradictory information reported by the Cossacks at Kamchatka, the Cossack detachment was sent under the superiors of Luke Morozko, who, having achieved Kamchatka and having visited her northern part, gathered Yasak from the local population and soon returned to Anadyr. Morozko left a small detachment of the Cossacks on Kamchatka and thus marked the beginning of permanent Russian settlements in this edge.

Over the success of the reconnaissance campaign of Morozko, Atlas gathered a detachment of 60 Cossacks, and even took the same yukagirov, and on December 14, 1696 made a campaign, having the goal to pass and finally join the Kamchatka lands to the Russian state. At that time, a detachment of 120 people for the weakly populated extreme northeast of the country was a major military force. Inviroing with them most of the Cossacks, the Atlas of the hundreds of Anadyr Ostrog under the threat of the attack of Yukagir and Chukchi. And only the success of the Kamchatsky campaign atlas prevented the uprising of the yasual population.

Passing through the Nallem Ridge, the detachment went to the Penzhina River and soon reached her mouth. Here were the major Owner villages, and Solotors lived a little further, who have never seen Russians. Further, the squad atlas went along the shore of the Pryzhinsky bay on the road laid by Morozko. At the beginning of the Cossacks moved along the western coast of the peninsula, then part of them moved to the eastern and reached the Kamchatka River.

Having reached the Goligina River, Atlas carefully examined the sea horizon to the south of Kamchatka and noticed that "for the flies as if there is a island." He saw, in all likelihood, the island of Alaid, one of the majestic volcanoes in the ridge of the Kuril Islands.

With difficulty overcoming numerous rivers, swamps and wooded mountains, the squad of Atlas was then on the Kamchatka River. Here, in the valley of the river, there were villages whose residents were at an extremely low cultural level. Atlas said about them: "And they have winter yurts - earthy, and summer on the pillars, embroider from the land of the soot of three, mixed up with boards and covered with fir cortex, but go to those yurts on stairs." On the River Kamchatka atlases laid Ostrog, calling him Verkhne-Kamchatsky. Here he left 15 servant people who, having lived in an acute for about three years and not receiving any help from Anadyr, went to the north, but on the way to battle with the US allleys, everyone fell on the battlefield.

Returning to Anadyr, the Atlas soon went to Yakutsk, where he arrived in the summer of 1700, who he had reported to the governor on bringing the New Earth to Kamchatka "under a high sovereign hand." The governor sent atlas, along with the expensive Kamchatka and Chukotka cars brought to them, to Moscow. Here, in the Siberian order, the meaning of the Kamchatsky campaign was rated: Atlas, the atlas registered the title of the Cossack Summer and generously awarded.

In the Siberian order they recorded colorful and reliable stories of Atlas about the nature and wealth of new lands. Since Atlas was a very observant person, these of his "skars" have not only historical interest, but are bright, not deprived of the artistic descriptions of geographical descriptions. Here's how, for example, he describes some features of the nature of Kamchatka: "And from the mouth to go up the river river, there is a mountain - like a bread skirmish, great and high, and the other near it is like a hay stack and high much: from it during the day Go smoke, and at night Sparks and glow. And the Kamchadals affect: the man will take up to half of that mountain, and there he hears the great noise and thunder that the person is impossible to tolerate: ... and winter in the Kamchatka land of heat against Moscow, and snow is small, and in Kuril's ingenians, snow is less. .. And the sun on Kamchatka happens a day for a long time, against Yakutsky is a turning point twice ...

And in Kamchatka and in the Kuril Earth, the berries - a lushnik, the cerema, the honeysuckle - the magnitude of the little raisum and sweets against the Iisum ... Yes, the berries are growing on the grass from the Earth in a quarter, and the magnitude of the berry is slightly smaller than the smoke egg, a view from Mature Zelen, And the taste that raspberries, and the seeds in it are small that in raspberry ... And in the trees Nikakov did not see the vegetable ...

And the trees growth of the cedar are small, the magnitude against Musiculk, and there are nuts on them. And the Bereznik, larch, a lot of foolish on the Kamchatka side, and on the Penzhinsky side on the rivers Bereznyak and Osinnik ...

The koreas are empty, the face of romocked, the average is average, and there are no faith, but there are their sheman brothers - above the mounted, what they are needed, they hit the tambourine and shout ...

And in the Kamchadal and Kuril land, bread plows in the past one, because the places are warm and the lands are black and soft, only there is no livestock, and you do not know anything to spoil anything.

And the ores are silver and other which is whether it does not know, and I don't know any ore ... "

Again, Atlas appeared on Kamchatka only in 1707, when it was already firmly fixed by Russia. He was appointed Kamchatsky Claudist.

For a long time atlas was considered the "Children's discoverer". Only recently it was established that Kocha Fedot Popova, one of the satellites of Dezhnev in his swimming around the northeastern tip of Asia, was in 1648 in the eastern shore of Kamchatka and that Popov was wintering here. In addition, it was established that later Popova, but before Atlasov, Anadyr Cossacks were visited at Kamchatka, including the mentioned Luka Morozko.

This does not detract from the merit of Atlasov, who opened Kamchatka fully, consolidating her for Russia and telling his opening to Moscow. By the way, Atlas was the first to report on the existence and northern Kuril Islands.

The merits of Atlas are not only in the accession of new Kamchatka lands to Russia, but also in the fact that he was the first researcher of the nature of this peculiar and rich edge. According to L. S. Berg, "None of the Siberian Lockers XVII And beginning XVIII The century, not excluding the Bering itself, does not give such meaningful reports, what are the "skish" of Vladimir Atlas. "

A source---

Domestic physico geographers and travelers. [Essays]. Ed. N. N. Baransky [et al.] M., Stockedgiz, 1959.