Nicholas Palace Andrei Ivanovich Stackenschneider. The meaning of Andrey Ivanovich Stackenschneider in a brief biographical encyclopedia
Shtakenshneider Andrey Ivanovich - Shtakenshneider (Andrey Ivanovich) - a famous St. Petersburg architect in his time, the grandson of a tanner, ordered to Russia by Emperor Paul I from Braunschweig, was born at his father's mill, near Gatchina, on February 22, 1802, and at the age of thirteen he entered his own family student at the Imperial Academy of Arts. Having not shown particularly brilliant success during the course, he immediately after its completion, in 1821, received a position as a draftsman in the Committee for Buildings and Hydraulic Works, from which, four years later, he moved to serve as an architect-draughtsman on the commission for the construction of St. Isaac's Cathedral. The builder of this temple, Montferan, turned his attention to the ability and diligence of the young artist and entrusted him with many serious works and, among other things, gave him the opportunity to distinguish himself by making general and detailed drawings for the construction of hearses and mourning decoration of the Peter and Paul Cathedral at the burials of Emperor Alexander I and Empress Elizabeth Alekseevna and Maria Feodorovna. In 1831, Stackenschneider left the service in the aforementioned commission in order to be more free to engage in private buildings, mainly the construction of a manor house for Count A.Kh. Benckendorff on his estate Fall, in the vicinity of Revel. Satisfied with his architect, the count recommended him to the emperor, and from that time happiness began to smile more and more to Stackenschneider. He quickly acquired the favor of Nicholas I, began to receive important assignments from him one after another, and soon became a privileged builder of royal and grand ducal palaces. Having begun court service as an architect at the court of Grand Duke Mikhail Pavlovich, at the end of his life he was the chief architect of the appanage department, the architect of His Majesty's Own Palace and the head of construction for the country palaces of the empress. In 1834, for the project of a "small imperial palace" drawn up by Stackenschneider according to a given program, the academy awarded him the title of academician. In 1837 - 1838. he made a trip for his improvement to foreign lands with an allowance from the government and visited Italy, France and England. In 1844, the academy elevated him to the rank of professor without fulfilling the program task on his part, as an artist who already had great fame, and in 1854 he was appointed to the academy as a full-time professor-teacher. AT last years During his life, Stackenschneider's health, exhausted by constant intensive labor, was significantly weakening; for his recovery, in the spring of 1865, on the advice of doctors, he went to koumiss treatment in the Orenburg province. The summer he spent there seemed to benefit him, but on his way back to St. Petersburg he felt ill again and died in Moscow on August 8 of the same year. Numerous works by Stackenschneider are very diverse in terms of styles, which, however, he did not observe in full rigor, introducing arbitrary changes and additions to them in order to achieve greater luxury. The main and best of his creations is the Mariinsky Palace (the current building of the State Council). In addition to him, in St. Petersburg, he built the palaces of Grand Duke Nikolai Nikolaevich the Elder (now the Kseniev Institute) and Grand Duke Mikhail Nikolaevich, a children's hospital, a chapel on the Nikolaevsky bridge, some of the buildings of the court department and several private houses, including the house of Princess Beloselskaya (subsequently converted into the palace of Grand Duke Sergius Alexandrovich). Peterhof and its immediate environs are especially rich in its buildings. Here he owns: a rural house at the Spare Pond, pavilions on the Tsaritsyn and Olginsky Islands and on the Samson Canal and the church on Babigon, Maria Nikolaevna’s country palace in Sergievka, His Majesty’s Own dacha, etc., palaces on Mikhailovskaya and Znamenskaya dachas, the Renella pavilion on this the last one and so on. In Tsarskoye Selo, Stackenschneider erected a monument to Grand Duchess Alexandra Nikolaevna, in the Sergievskaya Hermitage near Strelna - the church-tomb of Count Koshelev, in Gostilitsy, Peterhof district - the house of Count Protasov, in Orianda, in the Crimea - the palace of Empress Alexandra Feodorovna and so on. Of the other works of Stackenschneider, the buildings made in the Winter, Marble and Anichkov palaces, the interior decoration of the Old Hermitage, for the proposed stay of Tsarevich Nikolai Alexandrovich, in St. Petersburg, as well as some alterations in the Oranienbaum and Strelninsky palaces deserve to be mentioned.The portrait was painted in 1860 by Academician Goh
Andrei Ivanovich Stackenschneider (1802—1865)
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"Andrey Ivanovich Shtakenshneider (1802-1865) - professor of architecture at the Imperial Academy of Arts and builder of palaces, was born on February 22, 1802 at a mill (on the Pudost River) 4 versts from Gatchina. His grandfather moved from Braunschweig to Russia under the emperor Pavel I. The father, noticing in the child a penchant for the art of building, gave him to the Academy of Arts. Sh.'s successes were not brilliant, and no one suspected that in the future he would become a famous builder of palaces and elegant buildings. Entering the Academy in 1815 ., S. graduated from it in 1821 and, straight from school, was hired by the Committee of Buildings and Hydraulic Works in St. Petersburg as a draftsman. Here S. served for 4 years and did not distinguish himself in anything special. Only from the time he was appointed to the post architect-draftsman in the "commission on the construction of St. Isaac's Cathedral" (in 1825) S. began to be nominated by his independent work. Soon S. received another job. about the hearses and all the mourning decoration of the Peter and Paul Cathedral, on the occasion of the burial of Emperor Alexander I, and then Empress Elizabeth Alekseevna. In both cases, the execution of all drawings, both general and detailed, was entrusted to Montferrand C., and the latter completed the work assigned to him with great success, for which he received his first service award. In 1827 and 1828, when winter palace it was decided to remake the rooms of Empress Maria Feodorovna, Sh. was involved in this alteration. After the death of Empress Maria Feodorovna Sh. was invited to arrange a hearse in the Peter and Paul Cathedral; it was his last job in the service of the St. Isaac's commission. In 1830, Mr.. S. asked for a vacation abroad to improve his deranged health, but did not take advantage of it, since Montferrand offered him a very profitable job with Count A. X. Benckendorff. The latter instructed Sh. to rebuild almost anew his ancient castle on the estate of Falle. The order was serious, and the further career of S. Benckendorff, admiring his work, recommended S. to Emperor Nicholas I. Busy with the restructuring of the castle in Falle, S. at the end of 1831 was forced to withdraw from the commission for the construction of St. Isaac's Cathedral. About two years W. worked in Falle, and then in 1833 was determined at the request of Benckendorff to the court of His Imp. Highness, Vel. Prince Mikhail Pavlovich. Performing various construction works on behalf of the Highest Persons, Sh. for the first time began to show remarkable talent. First of all, he showed his taste and knowledge in the exterior and interior decoration of the dacha of His Imperial Highness, Prince Peter Georgievich of Oldenburg; to the same time are executed S. drawings of chandeliers and candelabra for the Imperial glass factory and the execution of the program given by the Academy (project of a small out-of-town Imperial Palace), for which S. in 1834 was awarded the title of academician. The first task of the new academician was to create a national art and style. A breakthrough in this direction was the construction of a rural house near the "Reserve Pond" in Peterhof, on the occasion of the birthday of Emperor Alexander II. As news, this toy was liked, and Sh. Kolomna. Seconded in August, Sh. spent the whole autumn in the study of the place intended for the construction of the palace and, returning to St. Petersburg, took up the project in a manner reminiscent of Moscow architectural monuments. Having completed the construction in Peterhof Park (opposite Alexandria), at the entrances from high road, two "guardhouses" in the English style, he drafted an extension of the dining room to the palace in Alexandria and, on the Znamenskaya Manor, began to remake the house that existed there. In the decoration of the rooms of this palace Sh. found himself an ornamental architect. In parallel with these works, Sh performed the decoration of the "musical" and "living room" rooms in the palace of VK Mikhail Pavlovich. In the same year, under the supervision of Sh., the palace was remodeled in Oranienbaum, where a new hall was then built. In addition to the above instructions, he managed to complete many private orders. Then he built a railway station at the railway station. d. in Pavlovsk, built several dachas in the vicinity of the capital, the house of Baron Prittvits in the village of Zabalkanskaya and a house church on the estate of Benckendorff Falle, near Revel. In the same place, on the occasion of a visit by the Imperial family, Sh. erected a "monument". At the beginning of 1836, Sh. was assigned to the Department of Destinies, and the following year he was sent abroad "for improvement", with the issuance of 200 chervonets for travel expenses and with the preservation of his salaries. W. stayed abroad until March 1838 and during that time managed to visit Italy, France and England, studying a variety of styles and entering their observations in the travel album. Returning from abroad, Sh. immediately set to work again. He was ordered to draft a palace for H. I. V. Grand Duchess Maria Nikolaevna, who married Duke Maximilian of Leuchtenberg. This project in in general terms Sh. presented to Emperor Nicholas I, who approved him and, having ordered the construction of a palace near the Blue Bridge, appointed the builder of the building Sh. This palace is one of the best and most capital works of Sh. In addition to the elegance, beauty and convenience of the premises, the system of metal rafters and beams, then very rarely used in building art. The hanging columns of the palace church, the installation of lanterns for gaps and a metal mesh for laying plaster ceilings were at one time the most successful solution to the complex problems encountered by Sh. and which were then news to many builders. Sh.'s merits as an artist were unanimously recognized by the Academy of Arts, and he was appointed professor of architecture in 1844. Simultaneously with the construction of the Mariinsky Palace, Sh. was entrusted with the construction of a dacha for Her I. Highness on the Sergievka manor, between Peterhof and Oranienbaum. Between 1839 and 1840. W. made more projects: a children's hospital in St. Petersburg, an embassy house in Tehran and a draft "way" or "cape" in the sea in Alexandria. In 1840, Mr.. Sh. was instructed to draft a small palace in Orianda. To get acquainted with the area in which the palace was to be built, Sh. was sent to the Crimea. The trip, undertaken in September 1841, lasted 1½ months. Having collected all the necessary information on the spot, Sh. by the end of 1841 presented to Emperor Nicholas I three projects of a different nature. In the period from 1840 to 1841, having begun to rebuild the house of Prince Beloselsky, Sh. also drafted a luxurious country house for Potemkin in the Gostilitsy estate. This manor house, according to the idea of the architect, received the form of a Romanesque-Gothic castle. In the period 1843-1844, following the completion of work on the pavilion on the island of the Great Lake in Peterhof, Sh. drew up a project for the restructuring of His Majesty's own dacha, located behind Peterhof, in the nature of the pavilions of the 18th century, in two floors. Then Sh. began the construction of a pavilion for H. I. V. Grand Duchess Maria Nikolaevna and in the palaces of Konstantinovsky and the Bolshoi rebuilt more than a hundred rooms using water pipes. However, W. built a pavilion on the Sampson Canal, later named "Ozerki" in Peterhof. Then Sh. went a second time to the Crimea to inspect the stone work. Returning from there, he again set to work strenuously. When decorating the rooms of the Grand Palace, Sh., among other things, received an order to restore the hall, decorated by Count Rastrelli in the Rococo style. This gave Sh. the opportunity to get to know each other better and study the motives of Rastrelli, whom he later very successfully imitated. So, for example, he beautifully finished in the style of Elizabeth Petrovna the house of Prince Beloselsky, on Nevsky Prospekt, near Anichkin Bridge. In 1846, Mr.. Sh. designed a new temple in Pavlovsk and two more churches for Princess Beloselskaya and Count Offenberg. At the same time, he completed the construction of the houses of Marshal Olsufiev and Count Kushelev and drafted a monument to Count A. Kh. Benckendorff. This ends the period of the most vigorous activity of Sh. Having received the Highest order to go to the Crimea for the third time to inspect the work in Orianda, Sh. drew up a project and estimate for the final decoration and furnishing of this palace. In 1849, Sh. created new project for Count Slizen to build a vast medieval castle. Having completed the palace at the Imperial Dacha and two bridges, called "colonist", Sh. was ordered to draft halls and stairs in the large Imperial Hermitage and the dining room in the half of the Heir in the Winter Palace. In 1850, Mr.. Sh finished the palace in Orianda. Then he was ordered to draw up a project for the construction of a country palace with services in the Russian style, at the Mikhailovskaya dacha, near Peterhof, a two-story pavilion in the form of a Greek temple, an Ionic order, on the Bibigol Heights, and in the same place a stone church with a bell tower. Then Sh. started building stone greenhouses at the Mikhailovskaya dacha. From private buildings in 1852, Sh. graduated from the house of the noble assembly in Novgorod, rebuilt the house of Count Kushelev, in St. Petersburg, near the Simeonovsky bridge and drafted the reconstruction of his own house in c. Ligov. In 1853, Sh. received an order from the emperor to draw up a project for the palace. Blagoveshchensky bridge. In 1854, almost simultaneously, the buildings built by Sh. were opened: a chapel on the Nikolaevsky bridge and a church in the name of Tsaritsa Alexandra on Babigon. At the same time, for the gratuitous drafting of the iconostasis for the church in the St. Petersburg Ascension Convent, the Holy Synod expressed its special gratitude to Sh. Then, by order of the Highest Sh. designed a monument to Baronet Willie. The last outstanding construction of Sh. was the palace for V.K. Mikhail Nikolaevich on Palace Embankment, which he completed in 1861.
Sh. is one of the few outstanding artists who left behind a lasting memory, both by the very dignity and significance of the buildings, and by the huge number of them created over the course of thirty years of tireless work. W.'s works bear traces of the consistent predominance of well-known styles in our country, so that in this respect the development of his artistic heritage is of considerable interest for studying the history of architecture over the previous decades, in which one fashionable style was quickly replaced by another. Sh.'s health deteriorated significantly from hard work, and in the spring of 1865, doctors advised him to take koumiss for treatment. The treatment seemed to benefit Sh., and he began to feel more cheerful, but the return tiring road had a harmful effect on him. In Moscow, Sh. was forced to stop and died here on August 8, 1865. His body was transported to St. Petersburg.
St. PetersburgSt. Petersburg
Velikiy Novgorod
St. Petersburg
Now St. Petersburg is already impossible to imagine without the Mariinsky Palace or the Beloselsky-Belozersky Palace, which were created by Andrey Ivanovich Stackenschneider, the famous Russian architect.
Andrey Stackenschneider. Photo: commons.wikimedia.org
He was born in the Gatchina district on March 6, 1802. The father of the future architect, noticing that the boy draws well, at the age of 13 he sent him to the Imperial Academy of Arts. However, Andrei Ivanovich did not show special talents during his studies.
The fact that the young man has outstanding abilities was noticed already in 1825 by the legendary Auguste Montferrand, when he hired Stackenschneider to work as an architect-drawer in the Commission for the construction of St. Isaac's Cathedral.
In fact, it was the first independent work Andrey Ivanovich, with which the customer was very pleased. And Stackenschneider was even presented to the emperor. And after that, the architect began to be involved in palace construction.
the site recalls five of his most famous creations.
Mariinsky Palace
Today it houses the city parliament. Photo: commons.wikimedia.org
Today, deputies of the Legislative Assembly of St. Petersburg sit in this majestic neoclassical building, which is an important part of St. Isaac's Square.
And in the 18th century, this place was the palace of Count Ivan Chernyshev. The new building, which was completed in 1844, was intended as a wedding gift for the daughter of Emperor Nicholas I, Grand Duchess Maria Nikolaevna, in honor of her wedding to the Duke of Leuchtenberg. The palace became the official residence of this family.Later located here State Council Russian Empire and the Committee of Ministers, and after February Revolution 1917 - Provisional Government of Russia. The building is also known for the fact that in April 1902, Minister of the Interior D.S. Sipyagin was mortally wounded in the lobby by a terrorist.
There is also a legend that Nicholas II wanted to present the Mariinsky Palace to his favorite, the ballerina Matilda Kseshinskaya. However, the famous dancer refused the generous gift. She did not like that the sculpture of Nicholas I, located in front of the building, turned its back to its facade.
Nicholas Palace
Nikolaevsky was renamed the Palace of Labor. Photo: commons.wikimedia.org
It is located on Labor Square (formerly Blagoveshchenskaya), and was built by order of Emperor Nicholas I, who wanted to build a front residence for his third son Nicholas. It was decided to build the palace here, on the site of two-story wooden barracks for sailors, next to the recently opened first permanent bridge across the Neva.
Nicholas Palace was founded on May 21, 1853, and commissioned in December 1861. Construction was suspended for the duration Crimean War. Moved here from the Winter Palace Grand Duke Nikolai Nikolaevich with his wife Alexandra Petrovna. At the palace there was an arena and a church consecrated in the name of the Joy of All Who Sorrow icon.
After the death of the owner in 1894, the Xenia Alexandrovna Women's Institute was located in the palace. AT Soviet time the building was taken over by the trade unions, who renamed it the "Palace of Labor". Today it is rented by various private companies.
Novo-Mikhailovsky Palace
The palace is a monument federal significance. Photo: commons.wikimedia.org
It was built in 1857-1862 especially for Grand Duke Mikhail Nikolaevich, the son of Emperor Nicholas I. The event was timed to coincide with the prince's marriage to the Baden princess Cecilia Augusta. The building is located in the very center of St. Petersburg on Palace Embankment, 18.
Since the Mikhailovsky Palace already existed in the city, they decided to call the new building Novo-Mikhailovsky. The technologies used in the construction of the palace were unique for Russia of those years - metal rafters and beams were used in the construction. In addition, the residence was equipped with running water, which was also a curiosity.
However, the prince did not live here for long - already in December 1862, the emperor made Mikhail Nikolayevich governor in the Caucasus. The Grand Duke and his family were forced to leave the capital, and returned to St. Petersburg only in 1881.
Later, the building housed a museum, the Communist Academy and, finally, the Institute of Oriental Manuscripts of the Russian Academy of Sciences. A number of institutions of the Academy of Sciences operate in Novo-Mikhailovskoye to this day.
Beloselsky-Belozersky Palace
One of the killers of Rasputin lived here. Photo: commons.wikimedia.org
A recognizable building on Nevsky Prospect, 41, made in the style of "Russian neo-baroque". Stackenschneider rebuilt the three-story palace of the architect Demertsov, giving it modern look. This happened in 1847-1848.
He delighted his contemporaries. They wrote about the building that it was “a majestic palazzo”, “perfection of its kind”, and Stackenschneider “completed a real artistic feat”. By the way, the palace of the Beloselsky-Belozersky princes was the last private palace built on Nevsky Prospekt in the 19th century.AT late XIX century, the palace was acquired by the son of Emperor Alexander II - Grand Duke Sergei Alexandrovich on the occasion of his marriage to Princess Ella of Hesse (Grand Duchess Elizabeth Feodorovna). In 1911, Elizaveta Feodorovna handed over the palace to her nephew, Grand Duke Dmitry Pavlovich, who later "became famous" as an accomplice in the murder of Grigory Rasputin.
After the revolution there were public organizations, later - Petersburg Cultural Center, Museum wax figures etc. Since January 2003, the building has been transferred under the jurisdiction of the Administration of the President of the Russian Federation.
Tsaritsyn and Holguin pavilions in Peterhof
Nicholas I presented the pavilion to his wife. Photo: commons.wikimedia.org
Both are located on different islands of the Olgin Pond in the Kolonistsky Park of Peterhof. The islands are called so - Tsaritsyn and Olgin.
The Tsaritsyn Pavilion was built in 1842-1844 for Empress Alexandra Feodorovna, wife of Emperor Nicholas I, in the fashionable "Pompeian" style. It resembles the appearance of ancient Roman houses found near Naples during excavations buried under a layer of volcanic ash. ancient city Pompeii. The pavilion was surrounded by a flowering garden with fountains, statues and marble benches. For almost the entire second part of the 20th century, the building stood empty and was in a terrible state. Only in 2005 it was restored and opened to visitors.
The Holguin pavilion was renovated only in the 21st century. Photo: commons.wikimedia.org
The Holguin pavilion was built later, in 1846-1848, for the daughter of Emperor Nicholas I, Grand Duchess Olga Nikolaevna. The building also looks like a house from Naples.
After the revolution, Holguin Island was neglected; during the Second World War, the Holguin Pavilion burned down. Its restoration began only in the 2000s. A museum was opened in the building in 2005.
The grandfather of the future architect was a tanner in Germany and arrived in Russia among many other specialists invited to the Russian service during the time of Emperor Paul I. The tanner Friedrich Stackenschneider settled near Gatchina. His son Johann rented a piece of land and built a mill on the Pudost River.
The estate began to be called the Ivanovka manor. On February 22, 1802, the future architect Andrey Ivanovich Shtakenshneider was born in it. Close proximity of Ivanovka to parks and architectural monuments Gatchina turned out to be beneficial for younger son miller - painful and impressionable Andrey. From childhood, the boy loved to draw and enthusiastically built toy structures. The father drew attention to his son's hobby and, on the advice of friends, sent him to study at the Academy of Arts in St. Petersburg. So at the age of thirteen, young Andrei became a student. Parents had to pay for the academic course. In December 1820, his studies were completed.
A young architect who studied modestly, without awards, who did not have high patrons, had to find his own way in life. At first, he was in great need, as he carried out only small private orders. In January 1821, the young man entered the Committee of Buildings and Hydraulic Works as a draftsman. Four years later, he was accepted as an architect-draughtsman to the Commission for the construction of St. Isaac's Cathedral. Here he worked for several years under Auguste Montferrand.
Work under the guidance of the famous architect was an excellent school for the young architect. The work of the author of St. Isaac's Cathedral and the Alexander Column was a link between the periods of late classicism and eclecticism. Stackenschneider became one of the most talented architects of the coming new stage.
For a young inexperienced architect, Montferrand's support meant a lot. The well-known architect even procured a subsidy for Stackenschneider's trip abroad, but due to illness, Andrei Ivanovich could not use it.
In 1831, Stackenschneider resigned from the Commission for the construction of St. Isaac's Cathedral and began to rebuild the estate of Count Benckendorff near Revel (now Tallinn). The recommendation of Montferrand also played a decisive role in this appointment.
The work in the Baltic country estate was, as it were, a test of the pen of a novice architect, but the customer was very pleased. He even introduced the young architect to the Tsar. Nicholas I also became interested in the works of the architect and attracted him to palace construction. Stackenschneider becomes famous, new orders come to him, his financial situation also changes. Andrei Ivanovich is again accepted for public service. From November 1833, he was appointed to the court of Grand Duke Mikhail Pavlovich.
The architect is building on Kamenny Island, which at that time belonged to the Grand Duke, is engaged in the interiors of his palaces.
In 1834, Andrei Ivanovich received the title of academician of architecture and the rank of titular adviser. There is still a lot of work to be done. At this time, Stackenschneider was developing a project for the reconstruction of the palace in the village of Kolomenskoye near Moscow. The architect proposes not only to rebuild the palace, but also to create a whole ensemble on the banks of the Moscow River. The project was not implemented, as it exceeded the amount allocated for its construction. Other significant work architect - a project for the restructuring of the Znamenka estate, located near Peterhof. But the Stackenschneider project was only partially implemented.
In 1837, the architect's dream of a trip abroad finally came true. The amount necessary for the trip was issued by the Committee. The architect spent almost a year in Italy, France, England and Germany, studying the most famous architectural monuments. From there he brought many sketches in pencil and watercolor. Stackenschneider drew very well, and drawing filled his leisure all his life.
Returning from abroad, Stackenschneider immediately launched a vigorous activity. He completed many previously begun works, continued the design of the halls in Znamenka, designed several halls of the new Mikhailovsky Palace, built by K. I. Rossi. At the end of the 1830s. the architect designs and begins to build the Mariinsky Palace.
It is believed that this work completes the period of the architect's creative search and opens the period of his creative maturity.
The Mariinsky Palace was built for the daughter of Nicholas I, Grand Duchess Maria - this explains its name. The construction lasted five years, a short period for those times, given the size of the structure and the complexity of the interior decoration. St. Isaac's Cathedral, which had not yet been completed by that time, was to become the dominant feature of the square, and Stackenschneider had to take this into account. At the same time as the palace, service buildings were built: chamberlain, stables, laundry and others. This amount of work required big state assistants, and the architect boldly hired young graduates of the Academy, helped them and took care of them in every possible way.
Following the Mariinsky Palace, a number of buildings built according to the projects of Stackenschneider appear. The most famous of them is the Beloselsky-Belozersky Palace.
on Nevsky Prospekt, Nicholas Palace on Sq. Labor and Novomikhailovsky Palace on Palace Embankment. In addition to construction in the capital and its environs, Andrei Ivanovich builds buildings in Moscow, the Crimea, and Taganrog.
The art of the architect was manifested not only in the construction of city buildings and palaces. In the 1850s Stackenschneider built the Belvedere Palace and the Church of "Queen Alexandra" on Babigon in Peterhof (the church has not been preserved).
In his work, Stackenschneider applied and creatively developed the techniques of classicism, gothic, renaissance, baroque, ancient Russian architecture and achieved high artistic results. Not being able to shape the development of entire streets and squares, like K. I. Rossi, he strove to preserve the ensembles, complementing them, and not destroying them.
The works of Stackenschneider were duly appreciated. In 1844 he received the title of professor of architecture, in 1851 the rank of state councilor, in 1858 the rank of real state councilor. From the end of 1856, the architect began to be called the "architect of the Supreme Court." This high-profile title brought only new worries and troubles, responsibility for many works, not only his own, but also those of others. The architect was a member of various commissions and committees, had to accept the work of other architects
and besides, he built a lot himself, not only for the court, but also for private orders.
Since 1854, the Academy has attracted him to teaching. In the first year of teaching, the new professor had more than twenty students, four years later he had more than sixty pupils - significantly more than other professors. This was explained not only by the fame of the architect, but rather by his enormous capacity for work and pedagogical talent.
According to contemporaries, the students went to him very willingly, and the architect always supported them both morally and financially. This somewhat dry-looking, eternally pensive and tired man has always been an example of extraordinary honesty, responsibility and, at the same time, sensitivity and kindness for his students.
Andrei Ivanovich had a large family, he did not have government housing, and for a very long time the architect lived in rented apartments. In 1852, the Stackenschneiders bought a house on Millionnaya Street, and the architect completely rebuilt it. FROM small changes this house has survived to this day. Upon completion of construction, the house on Millionnaya became one of the cultural centers of St. Petersburg. The so-called "Saturdays" were held there. Sometimes they gathered 50-60 people. The circle of Saturday visitors was very wide - writers, poets, painters, sculptors, architects, actors. Among them are writers I. S. Turgenev, F. M. Dostoevsky, I. A. Goncharov, D. V. Grigorovich, G. P. Danilevsky, architects G. A. Bosse, A. P. Bryullov, the Charlemagne brothers. I. K. Aivazovsky painted on Millionnaya Street. The Stackenschneiders were friends with the families of the poet Ya. P. Polonsky and the artist N. A Maikov.
But a large amount of work and eternal employment had a negative impact on the health of the architect. The lung disease he suffered from was getting worse. The St. Petersburg climate also had a bad effect on the disease, and the Stackenschneiders almost never left St. Petersburg.
Endless projects, construction, teaching - a matter that he deeply loved - all this required a huge expenditure of energy, and they subsided. On August 8, 1865 Andrei Ivanovich Shtakenshneider died in Moscow. The architect was buried in the Sergius Hermitage near St. Petersburg in the church of St. Gregory the Theologian built by him.
Andrey Ivanovich Shtakenshneider (February 22, 1802, an estate near Gatchina (now the village of Myza-Ivanovka) - August 8, 1865, Moscow) - Russian architect who designed a number of palaces and other buildings in St. Petersburg and Peterhof.
The grandson of a tanner, sent to Russia by Emperor Paul I from Braunschweig, was born at his father's mill, near Gatchina, on February 22, 1802, and at the age of thirteen he entered the Imperial Academy of Arts as a pupil of his own. Having not shown particularly brilliant success during the course, he immediately after its completion, in 1821, received a position as a draftsman on the Committee for Buildings and Hydraulic Works, from which, four years later, he moved to serve as an architect-draughtsman on the commission for the construction of St. Isaac's Cathedral. Attracted by Auguste Montferrand to work in the Winter Palace. In 1831, Stackenschneider left the service in the aforementioned commission in order to be more free to engage in private buildings, mainly the construction of a manor house for Count A. H. Benckendorff on his Fall estate, in the vicinity of Revel (Keila-Joa). Satisfied with his architect, the count recommended him to the emperor, and from that time happiness began to smile more and more to Stackenschneider.
The architect quickly acquired the favor of Nicholas I and began to receive important assignments from him one after another, and soon became a privileged builder of royal and grand ducal palaces. Having begun court service as an architect at the court of Grand Duke Mikhail Pavlovich, at the end of his life he was the chief architect of the appanage department, the architect of His Majesty's Own Palace and the head of construction for the country palaces of the empress.
In 1834, for the project of a “small imperial palace” compiled by Stackenschneider according to a given program, the Academy awarded him the title of academician. In 1837-1838 he made a trip for his improvement to foreign lands with an allowance from the government, and visited Italy, France and England. In 1844, the Academy elevated him to the rank of professor of the 2nd degree of the St. Petersburg Academy of Arts without fulfilling the program task on his part, as an artist who already had loud fame.
Since 1848 - the architect of the imperial court.
He worked in St. Petersburg, Tsarskoye Selo, Peterhof, Novgorod, Moscow, Taganrog, Crimea.
The Stackenschneider House in St. Petersburg at 10, Millionnaya Street (the second façade faced Moika Embankment, 9) was the center of cultural and public life artistic intelligentsia of the capital. The architect purchased it from the titular advisers M. E. and D. E. Petrov and rebuilt it for his family in 1852-1854. Stackenschneider's "Saturdays" were held in the mansion, at which poets, writers, artists and artists gathered, amateur performances were staged. V. G. Benediktov, I. A. Goncharov, F. M. Dostoevsky, I. S. Turgenev, Ya. P. Polonsky and others. In 1865, the Stackenschneiders sold this house due to the illness of the owner. The building was rebuilt into an apartment building.
Stackenschneider also had a country estate - the Ivanovka manor, located not far from Gatchina and inherited from his father in the late 1850s.
Alferaki Palace in Taganrog (Architect - A. I. Stackenschneider, 1848)
In the last years of his life, Stackenschneider's health, exhausted by constant intensified labor, weakened significantly; for his recovery, in the spring of 1865, on the advice of doctors, he went to koumiss treatment in the Orenburg province. The summer he spent there seemed to benefit him, but on his way back to St. Petersburg he felt ill again and died in Moscow on August 8 of the same year. The architect was buried in St. Petersburg in the Trinity-Sergius Hermitage in the Church of Gregory the Theologian, built by himself (the grave has been preserved).
Works in St. Petersburg
Numerous works by Stackenschneider are very diverse in terms of styles, which, however, he did not observe in full rigor, introducing arbitrary changes and additions to them in order to achieve greater luxury.
The main of his creations is the Mariinsky Palace (now the seat of the Legislative Assembly of St. Petersburg), built in 1839-1844 on St. Isaac's Square.
In addition to him, in St. Petersburg they built:
Palace of Grand Duke Nikolai Nikolaevich the Elder (Nikolaev Palace on Truda Square), 1853-61
Palace of Grand Duke Mikhail Nikolaevich (Novo-Mikhailovsky Palace on Palace Embankment, 18), 1857-1861 Now the Institute of Oriental Manuscripts of the Russian Academy of Sciences is located here.
Beloselsky-Belozersky Palace (Nevsky Prospect, 41), built in 1846-1848 in neo-baroque style. In 1884 the palace passed into the possession of his brother Alexander III, Grand Duke Sergei Alexandrovich. Now there is a cultural center and a wax museum.
Chapel on the Nikolaevsky bridge, illuminated in honor of St. Nicholas the Wonderworker (1853-1854).
some of the buildings of the court department
on Kamenny Island, the architect is engaged in alterations in the Kamennoostrovsky Palace, rebuilding Dolgoruky's dacha (architect S. L. Shustov), acquired by P. G. Oldenburgsky. In 1835, according to his project, the dacha of the actor Zhenies was built on Kamenny, in 1836-38. - the Zvantsovs' dacha. In 1834, Stackenschneider completed the project for the reconstruction of the dacha of M. I. Mordvinov.
Works in Peterhof
Peterhof and its immediate environs are especially rich in its buildings. Here he owns:
layout of two landscape parks - Kolonistsky and Lugovoy
Tsaritsyn and Holguin pavilions in the Kolonistsky park
Pavilions "Ozerki" and Belvedere in Lugovoi Park
His Majesty's Own Dacha
Church of the Holy Trinity at Own Dacha
country palace of Maria Nikolaevna in Sergievka
a palace, two greenhouses and a gardener's house in Mikhailovka
Palace and Pavilion Renella in Znamenka
Lion Cascade, 1854-1857
in 1842-1843 in Alexandria Park, he builds the Farm Palace, and also adds a dining room with a Marble terrace to the Cottage (1826-1829, architect A. A. Menelas).
Other buildings
Monument to Grand Duchess Alexandra Nikolaevna in Tsarskoye Selo
in the Sergius Hermitage near Strelna - the church-tomb of Count G. G. Kushelev (son)
in Gostilitsy, Peterhof district - the house of Count Protasov
in Taganrog - the palace of Achilles Alferaki
in Oreanda, in the Crimea - the palace of Empress Alexandra Feodorovna and so on.