The concept of an aloghrism. Alogism in the works of N.Gogol as a means of creating a comic effect

Alogure as artistic reception. Stylistic techniques associated with violation of logical connections. Based on the contrast of convergence of concepts, or the meaning of the word and intonation, or on the change in the usual look at things, or on the coverage of compatible things as something contradictory. Poetic antilogy. Related to install on grotesque, irony, comic or irrational.

Alogure as artistic reception. Modern poetic techniques. Part 3.

This article discusses a group stylistic techniquesassociated with violation of logical connections. Based on the contrast of convergence of concepts, or on the contrast of the meaning of the word and intonation with which it is pronounced, or on changing the usual look at things, phenomena, events, or on the lighting of absolutely compatible things as something contradictory and opposite. Poetic antilogy. Usually connected with installation on grotesque, irony, comic or irrational.

Antiphrasis

Antiphrasis - the contrast of the visible and hidden meaning, the use of words or expression in the literally opposite sense. For example, for the effect of irony or sarcasm, - a thin ridicule, covered by external courtesy: "Where, smart, you wrapped your head?" - When contacting the donkey (I. Wings). Or, on the contrary, to express the hidden admiration: "And the deft, the deft was, as a demon" (M. Lermontov).

I teased teacher cobre ...
Outpallated Split -
Reasonable, eternal, good
I mind rubila she is!

(Sergey Kopin)

But I will ask my questions in the darkness,
To truth in the fog Fit.

At the same time, the consuming word itself does not change. Sometimes it is an additional, defining the word, thanks to which the possibility of new reading of the old word appears. Antifrace is often used to hyperbolizing the situation, bringing it to the absurdity and to identify - due to this - obvious, obvious absurdities to which people try to close their eyes:

Two fragments of the former union
With the same burden to verses.
What to do the captivating muse?
Run, see, in half.
At the half-liter permus.
And Pegasus is one left.
What, friends, prefer
From so different his half?

(Lyudmila Nekrasovskaya)

With the help of antifrace, the author is ironic about the intentional ignoring Russian-speaking literary waters of Ukraine "nationally concerned" classics of Ukrainian modern literature, which pretends the "other half" and does not exist. In any case, they do not recognize the right to exist for her, stating its full professional unsuitability. The necessary effect is obtained by applying the "different" epithet to the word "half". If you think logically, there can be no different half because they are precisely because they are two parts of the whole.

Death - the transition of a familiar void
IN other replenishness space.

If you try to think about "other unfollowness", it immediately pops up a contradiction: we are talking about emptiness, how can the latter be "different"? And if the author speaks about "other", it means that death is not the "empty space", void, nothing? In fact, attentive reader with the help of antifrace, unbelievably encourages thinking about this deep and ambiguous issue.

Thus, the antifrace is not always irony and does not necessarily imply a hidden superiority over those who say to the eye shifting in her speech the opposite meaning. Antifrace can contain shades of completely different feelings: unwitting approval with an obvious expression of discontent, contempt and anger in the opinion of someone's acts, etc. But invariably for the antifrace one - the words that are used, always mean the perfect opposite of what they say Even if the refutation is not clearly laid out in the intonation with which they are pronounced.

Alogis

Alogis - violation of logical connections for intentional emphasising contradiction: "I love you are stronger, / than Arafat - Jews"," Soul, like life, is available and simple, / funny like shagreen leather"(Stanislav Minakov)," When for hundreds navy cripple – / Sole happy man"(Tatyana Kornienko). Alogure was used in folk poetry ("K. K. Chukovsky, K. Chukovsky in" Putanice ".

When ridiculous:
Then the elephant is striped violet,
Then the sun - Malevich's square,
Then a round red cucumber,
With my strange it happens:
All adult ends in me,
And again childhood returns,
And the Creator wakes up.

(Lyudmila Nekrasovskaya)

Having fallen fuselage
Buy, gathering all your profits,
Not only a fur coat on fur sterling,
But the ships from lion scheshui!

(Sergey Kopin, "Wide Opportunities")

In the entrance at each stage
cheerful, licking infusion
syringes under the legs crunch.

(Ibid, "Let's light ...")

In the last two cases, the successful use of alogides is still brightering hidden sarcasm, even grotesque, with the help of which the author will paint modern nouveau, whom the sea is knee-deep, and free rampant addiction.
Alogure in literature is understood as a violation of not only the logic of thinking, but also the perception of being, distortion of the normal picture of the world, natural ideas about objects, phenomena, the course of events.

Katahschi.

Katahschi. - A combination of contradictory, but not contrasting the nature of concepts and expressions in order to more effectity: Burning rain, black flame, green noise, raspberry ringing, tooth of time, sharp words. The phrase, which is the cata cutting, is of a figurative value that is created on the principle of remote associations, and this value cannot be taken literally, for it, as well as alogure, is illogical.
The use of cata cuts as an artistic reception requires the author of a large tact and a developed sense of lexical compatibility, since the catarca can be as a speech flap with a mechanical combination of trails ("Let akula imperialism ne. stretch To us their own paws") And manifestation of high mastery.

I touched the branches framed by foliage,
Infinitely green wave resolyany.
On the asphalt roads the rain passed the bare
And left nature pretty clean.

(Tatyana Gordienko)

It would seem that illogical in this context of adverbs in combination with the epitheats unusual for them, nevertheless, increase the effect of images, contrasting them and highlighting them: for example, color - and space (infinitely green), sound - and color (pure pure).
Katahzka in "But still, wandering in evil godless faith"Stanislav Minakova contains a contradiction of" godless faith ". IN this case This is not a contrast concept, because in the poem it means agnosticism, i.e. Belief in the fact that God is not, the inner conviction that does not require evidence, the unwillingness take into account no evidence. This is also faith, but a special kind.
Kathasona should be distinguished from the concept of oxymoron close to it.

Oxymoron

Oxymoron (U A. Kvyatkovsky - Oxymoron, in Wikipedia - Oxymoron and Oxymoron) - a combination of contrasting (unlike Kathan cuts) by the meaning of words that create a new concept together: a magnificent fading, an elegantly naked, beautiful sick, heat cold numbers and so on.

Examples of Oxymorone in poetry:

AND, mrak OzarlenI called the light of darkness.

(Ivan Volosyuk)

« Indifferent angry The counter pupil will be furious. "," Through black lightbranches look at us "," At these moments, in eternal these instant eyelids "," and, with the sophisticated appearance of the ambala, nods, "" and proud infinite power"(Stanislav Minakov)," We who escaped from prison in an awesome our fun"," To something soul will touch, in enlightening Mol Thinks "(Evgeny Pugachev).

Sometimes the oxymoron is called an antitron, however, an antitron, or synerosis, is a rhetorical figure, which is opposing two thoughts, but not forming a contradiction. The contradictions are not formed if the opposite qualities of one object are opposed, and the qualities of two different objects are opposed, and if the second opposable phenomenon is a consequence of the first.

Ortranification

Ortranification (Sometimes they write a "observation") - a description of a person, subject or phenomenon, as if first seen from the side of a fresh look and because of the apparent little unusual, strange. This is an artistic description of the description that disintegrates described from the usual context of recognition and makes the usual unlike unrecognizable:

Suddenly break inadequate
and already on cheese and soft
find a handful of wild berries ...

(Elena Morozova)

Slim Papyrus Autumn Evening
someone huge gently folds ...

(Elena Buevich)

Rushing clouds, thunder thunder,
in response - sad creaking trees.
As if from under Rakit
on the ground rust someone ancient –
he laughs, and roars,
and tilts the Book of herbs.

(Vasily Tistous)

In case of achtranation, the subject is replaced by its signs ("cheese and soft"), as if he is not yet given a name, and the phenomenon is transmitted by a descriptive phrase ("someone huge", "Someone ancient").

When looking at the depicted reality, a new perspective opens with a new distance, the features appear, invisible due to the fact that they have already been taken.

In the period of normal development of society, science, art, new problems are solved on the already developed algorithm. When changing epochs, paradigms, public relations, methodological plants, people turn out to be on another planet, they are surrounded by unfamiliar conditions, the well-known items lose their importance and become attractively unusual. There is an obvious crisis. Scientific progress moves "crazy" ideas, and art reflects changes in life with the help of a new look at things, i.e. Using the reaction. This is a shift of comprehension, and as an artistic technique, the reaction is justified, being an aggravated perception, attentive penetration into life. But in the poetry of the absurd, in postmodern, the finishes appears not only as a poetic technique, not as a means, but as content and thus denies the very possibility of meaning.

Alogis (from Greek. ἀ - a particle of denial and λογισμός - reason, mind - unreasonable, illogical) - Stylistic reception close to oxymoron; Intentional violation B. literary work Logical ties in order to emphasize the internal contradiction of this provision (dramatic or comic). In the poem of the young Mayakovsky "his beloved" poet, describing a severe feeling of unrequited love, longing and sniffiness, says:

Where is the lair prepared for me?
If I were me
small
as the Great Ocean,
On the tiptoe b waves stood up.
Tide caught up to the moon.
Where is your favorite find me
Just like me?
Such would not fit into a tiny sky!
O If I were aphrod!
Like billionaire!
What is the money soul?
The insatiable thief in it.
My wishes of the uncommon
Not enough gold of all California.
If you be tonasky
like Dante
or Petraska!
Soul to alone!
Verses told to impretage her!
...O if I were i
quiet
like thunder,
I would have
shuddering used the lands of the odorless sketeer ...

This rare in world poetry sample A. is at the same time hardly by the only example of a special type of trail, which can be called "inverted hyperbole" (not mixed with "reverse hyperbole", or lithota).
On the other hand, the poems of comic or humorous nature are being built (for example, Basni and Aphorisms of Kozma Prutkov). Folklore verses are known in which syntactic correctness is formally observed, but all the concepts are mutually rearranged, which leads to a comic effect:

Standing the village
Mima.
Suddenly out of the distance
Get the gate.
TPR! - said the horse
And the man called.
The horse went to visit,
And the man stood ...

Or another anonymous example of a tipped in A. humorous aphorism:

Water? I drank her once.
She does not quench his thirst.

This technique is applied in funny verses for children K. Chukovsky under the exposing name "confusion".

I teased teacher cobre

Outpallated Split -

Reasonable, eternal, good

She poured into my head.

In literary and artistic works, the same as in life, alogi is two ways: people or say unfortunate, or they make stupid deeds. (Alogizms are also expressive Speech, art technique).

In the life of alogure, is perhaps the most common type of comism. Inability to link the investigation and causes is very common and occurs more often than it could be thought.

Gogol has this kind of comiability occurs very often. The box, already ready to give in Chikchiku dead souls, timidly notices: "Or maybe in the economy, something will be needed in case" - what absolutely dismisses Chichikov's patience, it is possible to note that many of Gogol characters - Holtakov, Bobchinsky and Dobchinsky, Nozdrev, box and others, - do not know how to tick the two words and tell you any intelligible what happened. Bobchinsky, telling how he first saw Khlezkovov, she searmed here and Rastakovsky, and Korobkin, and some renewhile, who has a "gastric jogging", and describes in detail how and where he met with Dobchinsky ("near the Booths, where pies are sold "), What has nothing to do with the case, he glows a whole chain of conclusions, of which it seems clearly to appear that the visitors, undoubtedly, the auditor, the story of Bobchinsky on the arrival of Khleskov - a sample of confusion and stupidity. He does not know how to highlight the main one. In general, the progress of Gogolian characters is the most unexpected. Two ladies think that dead souls mean that Chichikov wants to take away the governor's daughter; The postmaster is convinced that Chichiki is Captain Kopeikin, and then Tolcho then recalls that Kopekin is a disabled person without hand and legs, and Chikchiki is completely healthy. Alogism acts especially brightly when it is used as an attempt to justify any of his not completely immaculate actions.

It includes the words of Governing about the Unter-Officer Widow: "She herself carved himself," or the words of the assessment in the "Revolution", from which he always smells like vodka and who explains this by the fact that his mother was banging him, and since then gives From him a little water. " When Baba in a story about the quarrel of Ivan Ivanovich, with Ivan Nikiforovich, it makes no tolnik by Nakovy Sharovar Ivan Nikiforovich and. Other rags, but also a gun, then this is a typical case of an aloghrism of actions based on a subconscious conclusion by analogy.

Comic old women in comedies are often endowed with nonsense. In the Comedy of Ostrovsky "True - good, and happiness is better" Maur Tarasovna talks about a person who considers the dead, but about which she reports that he is alive, so: "It's impossible to be alive, because I have been twenty for him. Souls feed: so it can be so easy to withstand.

Although the logic teaches that the conclusions do not have a cognitive value by analogy, in the life of this kind of reasoning, it is especially common. The child thinks primarily the analogies and only a lot later learns to think about genuine causes of his phenomena. Here is an example: the grandmother imposes a grandson of salad and watering it with vegetable oil, the boy asks

- Grandma, and me and me with oil?

Chukovsky in his book "From two to five" gathered material related to child linguistic creativity. No less interesting would be to collect facts related to children's logic. But the fact that in the logic of children there is a testimony of some first, naive mental searches, some attempts to associate phenomena, understand the world, then in the logic of adults - only ridiculous errors.

Alogizms are widely used in clowns, Boris Vyatkin went out. In the arena with his little dog Manyuchka, leading it on a short and thick ship rope, which immediately caused the joyful laughter of the audience. This case, as it were, directly confirms Hegel's theory: "Comic ... maybe every contrast of the goal and means." Thick rope is a completely unsuitable means for driving a little dog. Contrast means and target causes laughter,

In all such cases, alogure lies on software. The tops and reveals itself for the viewer, the listener or reader through clearly stupid acts or the layer. But. Alogie can be hidden and at first glance completely inconspicuous. Someone one notices him and is changed in some replica, which immediately reveals nonsense and causes laughter.

Such replicas require observation and talentedness. They are the answer of the sharp mind on the manifestation of nonsense. The ability to give such answers is one of the types of wit, the following case is widely described from the life of Bernard Shaw, issued for reality. He received a letter to the following content:

"I am the most beautiful woman in England, you are the smartest man. In my opinion, we should have a child. "

What follows the following answer:

"And what if our offspring inherits my beauty and your mind?"

Similarly, a somewhat different anecdote is reprinted in the magazine "Science and Life (1966, No. 3).

"Angry Lady:

- Well, you know, if I were your wife, I would nicking you in the morning coffee poison!

Gentleman:

- If I were your husband, I would have drank this poison with pleasure! "

Alogure as an artistic acceptance of the combination of the Commission is particularly often found in folklore. Here he can say the system.

Starting from the Middle Ages and the Renaissance and Humanism era, when the collections of Fablio, fright, Faces, Schwwanks began to be published throughout Europe, and ending with expeditions, which today bring the richest material, this species to today Folklore continues to live and turns out to be immortal. In the East, the figure of Nasreddin, a funny sharm, pretending about the Bat. Figure. This bypassed all countries of the Middle East and alive to today. Not everything in folklore is equally smart and comical, but here you can find true pearls.

We will shortly focus on Russian folklore. The number of various fairy tales about fools, fools and. Space is extremely great. But this happens not because in life a lot of fools and that people want to ridiculate them. This is explained by the fact that the obvious or exposer nonsense causes a healthy and pleasure laughter ... This laughter will beak fools, but the opinion of some researchers, as if these fairy tales have a conscious satirical orientation and pursue the goal of active struggle with nonsense, cannot be recognized correct. There are several types of fabulous folklore, in which the main heroes of the fool. One of the types of such fairy tales is devoted to the inhabitants of one area. IN Ancient Greece - These are residents of abders, abdearites, the Germans will not have no farming at the Germans. The folk book about seven shvabach is one of the most fun folk books. Young Engels wrote about such books: "This is witty, this naturalness of the idea and performance, good-natured humor, accompanying a caustic ridicule, so that it is too angry, the striking comic ROY - all this, to tell the truth, can shut down a significant part of our Literature "(Marx, Engels, I).

For some reason, the inhabitants of the former Poshekhonsky district of the Yaroslavl province will be heard for some reason. However, it is possible that this derochement is not at all from the folklore, but from the book of V. Berezaysky "Ancause of the Ancient Poshechonians with the addition of a fun dictionary" (1798). None of the Russian fabulous collections of Poshechonians are not mentioned about them. The essence of the plots of such spaces is reduced to the stories about stupid deeds. Such spaces sow salt, try to milk chickens, wear lights in bags, drive a horse in the clamp, instead of putting it on it, jumped into pants, chuck, on which they are sitting, and so on. They are bought at the rifle fair, charge His, wanting to check how it shoots; One of them looks in Duloon wants to see how the bullet crashes. All this refers to the category of cases that we have become above called the alogism of actions.

In the cases, dullness is a phenomenon, so to speak collective. It covers all residents of one terrain or several people at the same time. Another type of fairy tales is a fairy tale about the stupid deeds of individuals. Porny, but a stupid woman sitting on the car, part of the swing takes on his knees, so that the horses are easier. Such stories can be attributed to folk jokes. But there are more advanced plots.

In one of the fairy tales, the brothers send a fool to the city for purchases. "Total purchased Ivanushko: and the table bought, and spoons, and cups, and salt; Whole WHO diluted all sorts of things. " It would seem, all is well. But fabulous fools possess one property: they are foul. This foulness encourages them to completely unreasonable actions. In this case, the horse is thin and knocks out of his strength. "And what, Ivanushko thinks, because the horse has four legs and the table also four; So the table is from and will delight! " He took the table and put on the road. In the future, all the provisions he feeds the corners, he puts on the stumps, so as not to mess and so on. The brothers beaten.

This fairy tale in many respects is very interesting. The fool sees the world distorted and makes the wrong conclusion. With this he laughs listeners. But his inner motives are the best. He regrets everyone, ready to give away the latter from himself and the unwittingly causes sympathy. This fool is better than many clever,

This will not say about the fairy tale "Paid Fool." The mother spins the son: "You would go, a son, about people fell, yes of the mind". He passes past two men who are hammering, and begins to rub it. They beat him. Mother teaches him: "You would tell them: God to help, kind people! You would not carry you, carry not to carry. " The fool meets the funeral and pronounces the wish to whom his mother was taught. He is beaten again. The teaching of the mother, which was necessary to say the "Eve da Ladan," he says at the wedding (Eve \u003d Panhid), and beaten it again. This fairy tale is very popular and known in a variety of options. The fool of this fairy tale is helpful, friendly, wants to all please. But he is always late, the past applies to the real and, despite all the help, everyone causes anger and gets only beatings. Lenin refers to this fairy tale to characterize leaders who do not know how to navigate in the present and, guided by what has already passed, everyone makes the nefple.

Another example. The girl goes on the river to put the mop. On Tom Coast - a village in which her fiance lives. She imagines himself, as her son will be born, how he will go to the ice, fall out and drown. She starts to throw and draw. Father, mother, grandfather, grandmother and others come, and listen to the story, start too. In this howl comes out the groom and, having learned what was the matter, it goes to look for the world, will someone find any more stupid of his bride, and usually finds.

Many stories about fools are combined with motifs of foolen. Fairy tales about fools, inseparable from fairy tales about deft cunning. At the old woman died son. It will suggest sleeping with the night of a soldier who calls himself "Finally, with the Light Suit" and it takes to deliver the son to that light shirt, canvas and all sorts of supplies. The old woman believes him, and the soldier carries gifts for the Son with him.

Other phenomenon is an Ivan-Durak - hero magic fairy tales. He only at first: he sits on the oven, "in soot and snotched", and all over him laugh. But this particular fool subsequently turns out to be smarter than its brothers and makes various fabulous heroic feats. This has its own philosophy. In the hero of magical fairy tales, there is the most important: spiritual beauty and moral force.

However, fairy tales of fools also possess their philosophy. Fools ultimately cause sympathy and sympathy of listeners, the fool of Russian fairy tales has moral advantages, and this is more important than the existence of an external mind.

Alogism (from c. A - negation and Logismos particle - Mind) - a poetic reception based on the meaning of contradiction. "Entered the hairdresser, said - calm:" Be kind, make me ears "" (V. Mayakovsky).

There pears are triangular. I am looking for a soul naked in them.

(A. Voznesensky. "Introductory")

In the courts, their clutches are arrogant, from a glass blowing gasoline, calculate: who is this in England introduced a riot against cars?

(A. Voznesensky. "Retreat in the form of the monologues of the Hipsters")

In the examples of the example, the sharp paradoxicality of the thought shall form an image.

Alogure can serve as a means of strengthening the author's idea.

beauty, this,

most

i liked the crack

on the table

Antoinette.

bayonet revolution

dance under the splash

santeloty

fucks

On scaffold

queen.

(V. Mayakovsky. Versailles)

An approaching idea of \u200b\u200bthe concept, the poet can achieve high emotional expressiveness of the image.

I want to live!

I want sorrows

Love and sorrow ...

(M. Lermontov)

In romantic lyrics, alogi is often built on the principle of antithesis:

Tears and longing

You will pay fate.

I am sad ... because you have fun.

(M. Lermontov. "Why")

The work can be entirely built on alogys. This is the poem of S. Yesenin "Kobyl ships".

With an underlined incompatibility of the concepts of the phrase in an alogism (unlike anaculaf), it is built in accordance with the grammatical norms of the language.

Introduction to literary studies (N.L. Vertinina, E.V. Volkov, A.A. Ilyushin, etc.) / Ed. LM Kruchachanova. - M, 2005

The principle of destruction of logic becomes the basis of many art techniques N.Gogol. For example, in the story "How Ivan Ivanovich was quarreled with Ivan Nikiforovich" in the description of Ivan Ivanovich Gogol "pretext", which gives positive characteristics to his hero, while the reader understands the opposite: Gogol Character - a person is completely mediocre, with lowlands, but Very high opinion about yourself.

Alogism in the speech of the narrator named story appear in the inconsistency of the submission: "The wonderful man Ivan Ivanovich! What is his house! " - And in violation of the logical comparison basis: "Ivan Ivanovich is somewhat frantic. Ivan Nikiforovich, on the contrary, sharovar in such wide folds ... ".

In Gogolsky, the competition often uses an inconsistent group in the listing. It can be observed in "Sinels", where the narrator is trying to explain the origin of the name of the main character: "The surname of the official was Bashmachkin. Already in the very name, it is clear that it once happened from the shoe; But when, at what time it happened, it happened from the shoe, nothing is unknown. Both the father, and grandfather, and even Schurin, and all completely shoved walked in boots, change only three times a year. " In this passage, the comic effect is achieved through the inconsistent transfer of the parents of the hero: after words and father and grandfather The reader is logically expecting and the great-grandfather, But the expected word is imperceptibly replaced by the author on Shurin, which falls out of the group "All Schmachkins".

In the story "Shinel", Gogol dictates to infinity of the apparent (temporary, conditional), constantly leaving the main idea for minor details. The voltage is completely unexpected and tritely discharged at the end of the sentence - this is a kind of syntax alogure:

"Even in those hours, // when the St. Petersburg gray sky is completely swelling and the whole of the official people were ate and led someone who could, according to the salary received and his own priest, // - when everything has already rested after the Department of Sripping feathers, running, their own and other people's necessary classes and all that asks himself voluntarily, more even what is needed, a restless person, // - When officials are in a hurry to betray the rest of the time: who is better, rushing to the theater; Who is on the street, defining it on the viewing of some haspers; Who is for the evening - to spend it in compliments of some kind of lubricant girl, a star of a small rank circle ...; // or even when nothing to talk about. Retelling the Eternal Anecdote about Commandant, who came to say that the tail of the Horse of the Falconetov Monument was subdued, - // Word, even when everything seeks to have fun, Akaki Akakievich disgraced any entertainment. "

Typically, Gogol techniques for the creation of a comic effect, which is based on alogure, can be seen in the texts of the "Evenings on the farm near the Dikanka" cycle.

For example, missing reasons and effect: "It was a Kozak Operations. This could not be hidden in the bag, because and the bag could not be found. He was a loading body of the head itself and higher than the growth of Chubov Kuma. And therefore Soloch brought him to the garden to listen from him all that he wanted to explain to her. "

Or the incompatibility of parcels and conclusions: Vakula explains Oksana that it goes to dry "in prolub": "The disappearance of the soul! "Deadly mumbled passed by the old woman," go to tell how the Blacksmith hanged himself. " Or: Cartsyuk, despite a small height, was quite a potent in the width ...

Bright feature of Gogol style are alogical comparisons: "... Hat them was twice the older sharovar of the volost writer ...".

Nevsky Prospect Gogol is also built on inconsistencies and alogys.

For example, alogis at the syntactic design level: "Little-picking up to their society, all those who graduated from fairly important household sessions are joined, like this: those who have talked with their doctor about the weather and about a small pup of the horses and their children on the nose, however showing great dating children ...".

Alogure in "talking names": the names of two drunks - Hoffman and Schiller.

"Schiller sat in front of him, not the Schiller, who wrote" Wilhelm Tele "and" History Thirty-year war", But the famous Schiller, Tin Master Master in Meshchanskaya Street. Halfman was standing near Schiller, not writer Hoffman, but a pretty good shoemaker from an officer street, a big friend of Schiller ... These decent artisans were drunk as shoemakers. "

Alogure at the level of the figurative system It manifests itself in the fact that the "Divine" beauty and "heavenly" eyes of an excellent stranger abruptly contradict the family of her classes. She seems to be a steer of the struggle between the Divine and Devil Power: "... She was somehow the terrible will of the hellish spirit, thirsting to destroy the harmony of life, thrown with laughter in his puchin."

It is not clear the behavior of characters found in Nevsky Prospect: "Creator! What strange characters are found on Nevsky Prospect! There are many such people who, having met with you, will certainly look at your boots, and if you pass, they turn back to look at your Folds. At first I thought they were shoemakers, but, but did not happen at all: they serve in various departments in different departments ... ".

In the "dead souls", abscessing whole rows of details, Gogol resorts again to the admission of an aloghrism - an unexpected deviation, violation of the logic of the listing.

For example, in the description of the interiors:

W. Manilova: "... In the living room there was a beautiful furniture, covered with a shoe silk material ... But there was a lack of two chairs, and the chairs stood covered with just a root." Or: "... I was served on the table a very shoe candlestick made of dark bronze with three ancient graces, with a pearl sickle shield, and there was some simple copper disabled with it, chrome, rolled over and all in Sale ...".

W. Boxes: "There were no birds in the pictures: the portrait of Kutuzov hung between them and some old man with red abbreasses on the uniform were hung with oil paints, as they were treated with Pavel Petrovic."

W. Sobesevich: "Between the strong Greeks it is unknown how and for which Bagration, skinny, thin, with small banners and cannons below and in the most narrow frames."

Alogism often found in the speech of heroes:

Nozdrev: "Here is the border! .. All that you see on this side, all this is mine, and even on the other side, the whole forest, which is shine, and that's it. What the forest, all my ".

Alogure in copyright words Where the evidence of significant advantages of officials leads to the opposite conclusion. "Many were not without education: Chairman of the Chamber knew by heart," Lyudmila "Zhukovsky, who was even then unprofitable news, and the masterfully read many places, especially:" Bor fell asleep. Speits Valley, "and the word" Chu! " So, I really saw, as if the Valley was sleeping; For greater similarity, he even jumped his eyes at that time. The postmaster rose more in philosophy and read quite diligently, even at night, Yungs "Nights" and "Key to the sacraments of nature" EcCartShausen, of which there were very long extracts, but what kind they were, it was not known to anyone ... Others were also more Or less people enlightened: who read Karamzin, who "Moscow Vedomosti" who even did not read anything at all. "

Or: "Soon he was presented to Chichikov, the field was much more common: a commission was formed to build some kind of state very capital structure ... six years old were raised near the building; But the climate, or there, prevented, or the material was already that, only the treated building was not the above foundation. Meanwhile, in other ends of the city, it was found in each of the members of the beautiful house of civil architecture: it can be seen, the ground ground was better there. "

In the "dead souls", the reception of the parcels and conclusions is often found - for example, in the scene of the discussion of the strange behavior of Chichikov.

Color uncertainty emphasizes the uncertainty of the character of Manilov.

1. Room (Manilova) "Was, for sure, not without pleasant: the walls were painted with some kind of blue paint like a ceremony."

2. Talk two ladies:

"- Dead souls ... - I said in all respects a pleasant lady.

- I'm sorry, what? - picked up guests, all in an excitement.

- Dead Souls!..

- Oh, say, for God's sake!

"It's just fascinated only to cover, and this is what: he wants to take away the governor's daughter.

This conclusion, for sure, it was unexpected and in all respects unusual. A pleasant lady, having heard it, and petrified on the spot, turned pale as death and, accurately, it was not a joke. "

Alogure is sometimes used as an attempt to justify not completely immaculate behavior. For example, in the "Revolution", the assessor talks about himself that he was banging him in the "Childhood of Mamka, and since then he gives a little water from him."

From numerous examples, it can be seen that alogoff is a bright feature of Gogol style, one of the techniques for creating a comic effect.

LITERATURE

1. Azarov N.M. Text. Manual in Russian xIX literature century. Part I. M.: Century Books, 2003.

2. Azarov N.M. Text. Manual on Russian literature of the XIX century. Part II. M.: Century Books, 2003.

3. Gorshkov A.I. Russian literature: from the word to literature: learning. Handbook for students of 10-11 kl. general education. institutions. 3rd ed. M.: Enlightenment, 1997.

4. "Russian Literature", No. 1/2008. I.Kolva. "On comic in the work of N.V. Gogol: traditions and innovation. "

5. The most complete course of the Russian language / N.V. Adamchik. Minsk: Harsvet, 2007.

6. encyclopedic Dictionary Young philologist (linguistics) / Sost. M.V. Panov. M.: Pedagogy, 1984.

N.V. Karnizov,
Elektrostal,
Moscow region