Biocese of building materials by mold mushrooms Shapovalov Igor Vasilyevich. Head of the Department of Education Igor Shapovalov became the richest member of the Government of the Belgorod Region Shaved Igor Vasilyevich

1. Biological structures and mechanisms of biodegradation of building materials. State condition.

1.1 Biological agents.

1.2 Factors affecting the mushrooms of building materials.

1.3 Mechanism of microeting building materials.

1.4 Methods for improving the mushrooms of building materials.

2 Objects and research methods.

2.1 Research objects.

2.2 research methods.

2.2.1 Physical and mechanical research methods.

2.2.2 Physico-chemical methods Research.

2.2.3 Biological methods Research.

2.2.4 Mathematical processing of research results.

3 Microeter Building Materials based on Mineral and Polymer Binders.

3.1. Mushroom resistance of the most important components of building materials.

3.1.1. Mushrooms of mineral aggregates.

3.1.2. Mushrooms of organic aggregates.

3.1.3. Mushrooms of mineral and polymeric binders.

3.2. Mushroom resistance different species Building materials based on mineral and polymer binders.

3.3. Kinetics of growth and development of mold fungi on the surface of plaster and polymer composites.

3.4. The effect of micromycetic metabolism products on the physico-mechanical properties of gypsum and polymer composites.

3.5. Mechanism of microeting gypsum stone.

3.6. The mechanism of microeting polyester composite.

Modeling the processes of the microetering materials.

4.1. Kinetic model of growth and development of mold fungi on the surface of building materials.

4.2. The diffusion of metabolites micromyzet into the structure of dense and porous building materials.

4.3. Forecasting the durability of building materials operated in micrological aggression.

Improving the mushrooms of building materials based on mineral and polymer binders.

5.1 Cement concrete.

5.2 Gypsum materials.

5.3 PolymerComposites.

5.4 Technical and economic analysis of the efficiency of the use of building materials with increased mushrooms.

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The dissertation (part of the author's abstract) on the topic "Biocese of building materials by mold mushrooms"

The relevance of work. The exploitation of building materials and products in real conditions is characterized by the presence of corrosion destruction not only under the action of the factors of the outer environment (temperature, humidity, chemically aggressive media, various types of radiation), but also of living organisms. The organisms causing microbiological corrosion include bacteria, mold mushrooms and microscopic algae. The leading role in the processes of biological damage of building materials of various chemical nature, operated in conditions of elevated temperature and humidity, belongs to mold mushrooms (micromycetes). This is due to the rapid growth of their mycelium, the capacity and lability of the enzymatic apparatus. The result of growth in the micromyzet on the surface of building materials is to reduce the physicomechanical and operational characteristics of materials (reduction of strength, deterioration of adhesion between the individual components of the material, etc.). In addition, the mass development of mold fungi leads to the emergence of mold smell in residential premises, which can cause serious diseases, since among them there are views of pathogenic for humans. So, according to the European medical society, the smallest doses of fungal poison in the human body can cause a few years the appearance of cancer tumors.

In this regard, it is necessary to a comprehensive study of the processes of biological development of building materials in order to increase their durability and reliability.

The work was carried out in accordance with the NIR program on the task of the Ministry of Education of the Russian Federation "Modeling environmentally friendly and waste-free technologies"

The purpose and objectives of the study. The purpose of the research was the establishment of patterns of microeting materials and an increase in their mushrooms.

To achieve the goal, the following tasks were solved: the study of the mushrooms of various building materials and their individual components; Evaluation of the intensity of diffusion of metabolites of mold fungi into the structure of dense and porous building materials; determination of the nature of changes in the strength properties of building materials under the action of mold metabolites; establishment of the mechanism of microetering materials based on mineral and polymeric binders; Development of mushroom building materials by using integrated modifiers. Scientific novelty.

The dependence between the activity module and the mushrooms of mineral aggregates of various chemical and mineralogical composition was revealed, which consisted in the fact that the disgraced aggregates with the activity module less than 0.215.

A classification of building materials for mushrooms is proposed, which allows them to conduct their targeted selection for operation in micrological aggression.

The patterns of diffusion of metabolites of mold fungi in the structure of building materials with different density are revealed. It is shown that in dense materials, metabolites are concentrated in the surface layer, and in low-density materials are evenly distributed throughout the volume.

The mechanism of micro-shelfting of plaster stones and composites based on polyester resins has been established. It is shown that the corrosion destruction of the gypsum stone is due to the occurrence of the tensile voltage in the pores of the material due to the formation of organic calcium salts, which are products of the interaction of metabolites with calcium sulfate. The destruction of the polyester composite occurs due to the splitting of the links in the polymer matrix under the action of exoriments of mold fungi.

Practical significance Work.

A method for increasing the mushrooms of building materials by using complex modifiers to ensure fungicide and high physical and mechanical properties of materials.

Mushroom compounds of building materials based on cement, gypsum, polyester and epoxy binders with high physicomechanical characteristics have been developed.

The compositions of cement concrete having high mushrooms are introduced at the enterprise KMU Prokzhilstroy.

The results of the dissertation work are used in the educational process at the rate "Protection of building materials and structures of corrosion" for students of the specialties 290300 - "Industrial and Civil Engineering" and specialty 290500 - "urban construction and economy".

Approbation of work. The dissertation results were presented at the International Scientific and Practical Conference "Quality, Safety, Energy and Resource Saving in the Construction Material Industry threshold xxi century "(Belgorod, 2000); II regional scientific and practical conference " Modern problems technical, natural scientific and humanitarian knowledge "(Gubkin, 2001); III International Scientific and Practical Conference - School-Seminar of young scientists, graduate students and doctoral students "Modern Problems of Building Materials Science" (Belgorod, 2001); International Scientific and Practical Conference "Ecology-Education, Science and Industry" (Belgorod, 2002); Scientific-practical seminar "Problems and ways to create composite materials from secondary mineral resources" (Novokuznetsk, 2003);

International Congress " Modern technologies in the industry of building materials and construction industry "(Belgorod, 2003).

Publications. The main provisions and the results of the thesis are set out in 9 publications.

Volume and structure of work. The thesis consists of introduction, five chapters, general conclusions, a list of used sources, including 181 names, and applications. The work is set out on 148 pages of typewritten text, which includes 21 tables, 20 drawings and 4 applications.

Similar dissertation work in the specialty "Building materials and products", 05.23.05 CIFRA VAK

Stability of bitumen materials under the conditions of exposure to soil microorganisms 2006, Candidate of Technical Sciences Prnkin, Sergey Petrovich
Biological destruction and increasing bioscistance of building materials 2000, Candidate of Technical Sciences Morozov, Evgeny Anatolyevich
Screening of environmentally friendly means of protection of PVC materials from biological damage to micromycetes based on the study of indolyl-3-acetic acid products 2002, Candidate of Biological Sciences Simko, Marina Viktorovna
Structure and mechanical properties of hybrid composite materials based on portland cement and unsaturated polyester oligomer 2006, Candidate of Technical Sciences Yezhazh, Dmitry Aleksandrovich
Environmental aspects of biological damage to micromycete building materials of civil buildings in the conditions of the urban environment: On the example of the city of Nizhny Novgorod 2004, Candidate of Biological Sciences Strokkov, Irina Valerievna

Conclusion of dissertation on the topic "Building materials and products", Shapovalov, Igor Vasilyevich

General conclusions

1. The mushroom is established the most common components of building materials. It is shown that the mushrooms of mineral aggregates is determined by the content of aluminum and silicon oxides, i.e. Module activity. It was revealed that non-barbustic (degree of 4 or more points according to the method A, GOST 9.049-91) are mineral aggregates having a module of activity less than 0.215. Organic aggregates are characterized by low mushrooms due to the content in their composition of a significant amount of cellulose, which is a power source for mold fungi. Mushrooms of mineral binders is determined by the pH value of pension fluid. Low mushrooms are characteristic of binders with pH \u003d 4-9. The mushrooms of polymer binders are determined by their structure.

2. Based on the analysis of the intensity of fracture mold mushrooms of various types of building materials, their classification of mushrooms was proposed for the first time.

3. The composition of metabolites and the nature of their distribution in the structure of materials is determined. It is shown that the growth of mold mushrooms on the surface of plaster materials (gypsum and gypsum stone) is accompanied by active acid products, and on the surface of polymer (epoxy and polyester composites) - enzymatic activity. An analysis of the distribution of metabolites by the sample section showed that the width of the diffuse zone is determined by the porosity of the materials.

4. Revealed the nature of changes in the strength characteristics of building materials under the action of metabolites of mold mushrooms. Data obtained evidenced that the reduction of the strength properties of building materials is determined by the depth of the penetration of metabolites, as well as chemical nature and volumetric fillers. It is shown that the gypsum materials of degradation undergoes the entire volume, and the polymer componosites are only surface layers.

5. Installed the mechanism of microeting gypsum stone and polyester composite. It is shown that the micro-decoction of the gypsum stone is due to the occurrence of the tensile voltage in the pores of the material due to the formation of organic calcium salts, which are products of the interaction of metabolites (organic acids) with calcium sulfate. The corrosion destruction of the polyester composite occurs due to the splitting of links in the polymer matrix under the action of exoriments of mold fungi.

6. Based on the mono equation and a two-stage kinetic model of the growth of mold mushrooms, a mathematical dependence was obtained, which makes it possible to determine the concentration of metabolites of mold fungi during exponential growth.

Functions are obtained that allow for a given reliability to evaluate the degradation of dense and porous building materials in aggressive media and predict the change in the bearing capacity of central-loaded elements under micrological corrosion conditions.

The use of complex modifiers based on superplasticizers (Sat-3, Sat-5, C-3) and inorganic hardening accelerators (Cas, Ka\u003e UZ, IA2804) to increase the mushrooms of cement concrete and gypsum materials.

The effective compositions of polymer committees based on polyester resin Mon-63 and epoxy compound K-153, filled with quartz sand and production waste, having increased mushrooms and high strength characteristics. The estimated economic effect of the introduction of the polyester composite was 134.1 rubles. per 1 m, and epoxy 86.2 rubles. per 1 m3.

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Please note the scientific texts presented above are posted for familiarization and obtained by recognizing the original texts of theses (OCR). In this connection, they may contain errors associated with the imperfection of recognition algorithms. In PDF the dissertation and the author's abstracts that we deliver such errors.

Abstract of dissertation. on the topic "Biocese of building materials by mold mushrooms"

For manuscript rights

Shapovalov Igor Vasilyevich

Biocese of building materials by mold mushrooms

05.23.05 - Building materials and products

Belgorod 2003.

The work is made in Belgorod State technology University them. V.G. Shukhov

Scientific leader - Doctor of Technical Sciences, Professor.

Honored Inventor of the Russian Federation Pavlenko Vyacheslav Ivanovich

Official opponents - Doctor of Technical Sciences, Professor

Chistov Yuri Dmitrievich

Leading organization - Design and Research and Research Institute "OrgstroyProekt" (Moscow)

Protection will be held on December 26, 2003 at 1500 hours at the meeting of the dissertation council D 212.014.01 in Belgorod State Technological University. V.G. Shukhov at: 308012, Belgorod, ul. Kostyukova, 46, BSTU.

The dissertation can be found in the library of the Belgorod State Technological University. V.G. Shukhov

Scientific Secretary of the Dissertation Council

Candidate of Technical Sciences, Associate Professor Pogorelov Sergey Alekseevich

dr. tech. Sciences, associate professor

GENERAL DESCRIPTION OF WORK

Relevance of the topic. The exploitation of building materials and products in real conditions is characterized by the presence of corrosion destruction not only under the action of the factors of the outer environment (temperature, humidity, chemically aggressive media, various types of radiation), but also of living organisms. The organisms causing microbiological corrosion include bacteria, mold mushrooms and microscopic algae. The leading role in the processes of biological damage of building materials of various chemical nature, operated in conditions of elevated temperature and humidity, belongs to mold mushrooms (micromycetes). This is due to the rapid growth of their mycelium, the capacity and lability of the enzymatic apparatus. The result of growth in the micromyzet on the surface of building materials is to reduce the physicomechanical and operational characteristics of materials (reduction of strength, deterioration of adhesion between individual components of the material, etc.), as well as deterioration external view (bleaching of the surface, the formation of pigment spots, etc.). In addition, the mass development of mold fungi leads to the emergence of mold smell in residential premises, which can cause serious diseases, since among them there are views of pathogenic for humans. Thus, according to the European medical society, the smallest dose of fungal poison that came to the human body can cause a few years the appearance of cancer tumors.

In this regard, it is necessary to a comprehensive study of the processes of bio-processes of building materials by mold mushrooms (microetering) in order to increase their durability and reliability.

The work was carried out in accordance with the NIR program on the task of the Ministry of Education of the Russian Federation "Modeling environmentally friendly and waste-free technologies."

The purpose and objectives of the study. The purpose of the study was to establish the patterns of biological damage of building materials by mold mushrooms and an increase in their mushrooms. To achieve the goal, the following tasks were solved:

study of the mushrooms of various building materials and their individual components;

evaluation of the intensity of diffusion of metabolites of mold fungi into the structure of dense and porous building materials; Determination of the nature of changes in the strength properties of building materials under the action of metabolites of mold

establishment of the mechanism of microetering materials based on mineral and polymeric binders; Development of mushroom building materials by using integrated modifiers.

Scientific novelty of work.

The compositions of cement concrete, which have high mushrooms, are introduced at the enterprise "KMU PROJECTROY STROY".

Approbation of work. The results of the dissertation work are presented at the International Scientific and Practical Conference "Quality, Safety, Energy and Resource Saving in the Industry of Building Materials on the threshold of the XXI century" (Belgorod, 2000); N regional scientific and practical conference "Modern problems of technical, natural scientific and humanitarian knowledge" (Gubkin, 2001); III International Scientific and Practical Conference - School - a seminar of young scientists, graduate students and doctoral students "Modern Problems of Building Materials Science" (Belgorod, 2001); International Scientific and Practical Conference "Ecology - Education, Science and Industry" (Belgorod, 2002); Scientific-practical seminar "Problems and ways to create composite materials from secondary mineral resources" (Novokuznetsk, 2003); International Congress "Modern Technologies in the Industry of Building Materials and Construction Industry" (Belgorod, 2003).

Volume and structure of work. The thesis consists of introducing, five chapters, general conclusions, a list of sources used, including 181 names and 4 applications. The work is set forth on 148 pages of typewritten text, which includes 21 tables and 20 drawings.

In the introduction, the substantiation of the relevance of the topic of thesis is given, the goal and tasks of work, scientific novelty and practical significance are formulated.

The first chapter includes an analysis of the state of the problem of bioactors of building materials by mold mushrooms.

The role of domestic and foreign scientists E.A. Andreiuk, A.A. Anisimova, B.I. Bilai, R. Goodnit, TS Bobka, S.D. Varfolomeeva, A.A. Gerasimenko, S.N. Gorshina, F.M. Ivanova, I.D. Jerusalem, V.D. Ilyicheva, I.G. Khanaevskaya, E.Z. Koval, F.I. Levina, A.B. Lugauskas, I.V. Maximova, V.F. Smirnova, V.I. Solomatova, Z.M. Tukova, M.S. Feldman, A.B. Chuyko, E.E. Yarilova, V. King, A.O. Lloyd, F.E. Eckhard et al. In the allocation and identification of the most aggressive biodestructors of building materials. It is proved that the most important agents of biological corrosion of building materials are bacteria, mold mushrooms, microscopic algae. Their brief morphological and physiological characteristics are given. It is shown that the leading role in the processes of biological damage of building materials in various

the chemical nature, operated in an elevated temperature and humidity, belongs to mold mushrooms.

The degree of damage to building materials by mold mushrooms depends on a number of factors, among which, first of all, it should be noted the ecological and geographical factors of the medium and the physico-chemical properties of materials. A favorable combination of these factors leads to an active settlement of building materials with mold mushrooms and stimulating destructive processes of their livelihoods.

The mechanism of microetraction of building materials is determined by a complex of physicochemical processes, during which the interaction between the binding and productive products of mold mushrooms occurs, resulting in a decrease in the strength and performance characteristics of materials.

The main methods of increasing the mushrooms of building materials are shown: chemical, physical, biochemical and environmental. It is noted that one of the most efficient and long-term protection methods is the use of fungicidal compounds.

It was noted that the process of biopaciation of building materials by mold mushrooms is not fully studied quite fully and not fully exhausted the possibility of increasing their mushrooms.

The second chapter shows the characteristics of objects and research methods.

As objects of the study, the least mushroom building materials based on mineral binders were chosen: hypsobetone (building gypsum, wood sawmills of hardwood) and a gypsum stone; Based on polymeric binders: polyester composite (binder: Mon-1, PCon, UNK-2; Fillers: Sand Quartz Nizhne-Olarnan and Waste Enrichment of ferrous quartzites (tailings) of the LGOK KMA) and epoxy composite (binding: ED-20, PEPA; Fillers: Sand Quartz Nizhne-Olshansky and Dust Elekfolders OEMK). In addition, the mushrooms of various types of building materials and their individual components were investigated.

To study the processes of the microetering materials, various methods (physicomechanical, physico-chemical and biological), regulated by the corresponding gostas, were used.

The third chapter presents the results of experimental studies of the processes of biological damage of building materials by mold mushrooms.

Evaluation of the intensity of the damage to mold mushrooms, the most common mineral aggregates, showed that their mushrooms are determined by the content of aluminum and silicon oxides, i.e. Module activity. It was established that non-barbustic (degree of 4 or more points according to the method A, GOST 9.049-91) are mineral aggregates with a module of activity less than 0.215.

Analysis of the growth intensity of mold mushrooms on organic aggregates showed that they are characterized by low mushrooms, due to the content in their composition of a significant amount of cellulose, which is a power source for mold fungi.

Mushrooms of mineral binders is determined by the pH value of pension fluid. Low mushrooms are characteristic of pure liquid binders from 4 to 9.

The mushrooms of polymer binders are determined by their chemical structure. The least persistent are polymer binders containing ester bonds, easily cleaved by exochements of mold fungi.

The analysis of the mushrooms of various types of building materials showed that the smallest resistance for mold fungi exhibits a gypsum-filled with wood sawdust, polyester and epoxy polymer concrete, and the largest ceramic materials, asphalt concrete, cement concrete with various fillers.

Based on the studies, the classification of building materials for mushrooms was proposed (Table 1).

To the first class of mushrooms include materials depressing or fully overwhelming the growth of mold fungi. Such materials contain components with a fungicidal or fungistatic effect. They are recommended for operation in micologically aggressive environments.

The Mushroom Class includes materials containing a slight amount of impurities available to assimilate mold mushrooms. Operation of ceramic materials, cement concrete, in the conditions of aggressive impact of metabolites of mold fungi is possible only a limited period.

Building materials (gypsum concrete, based on wood fillers, polymeroscaposites) containing components easily accessible for mold mushrooms belong to the III class of mushrooms. The use of them in micologically aggressive media is impossible without additional protection.

VI Class is represented by construction materials that are a power source for micromycete (wood and its products

processing). These materials cannot be used in micrological aggression.

The proposed classification allows us to take into account the mushrooms in the selection of building materials for operation in conditions of biologically aggressive media.

Table 1

Classification of building materials on the intensity of them

by melting micromycete

Music-resistance class The degree of material stability in the conditions of micologically aggressive media The characteristic of the material of the Mushrooms in accordance with GOST 9.049-91 (Method A), score example of materials

III is relatively stable, in need of additional protection. The material contains components that are a power source for micromyceal 3-4 silicate, gypsum, epoxy carbamide, and polyester polymer concrete, etc.

IV Unstable, (non-barriers) is unsuitable for operation in biocorrosion conditions The material is a power source for micromycetes 5 wood and its products processing

The active growth of mold fungi producing aggressive metabolites stimulates corrosion processes. Intensity,

which is determined by the chemical composition of life products, the speed of their diffusion and the structure of the materials.

The intensity of diffusion and destructive processes was investigated by the example of the least mushroom materials: hypsobetone, plaster stones, polyester and epoxy composites.

As a result of the study of the chemical composition of metabolites of mold fungi, developing on the surface of these materials, the presence of organic acids, mainly oxal, acetic and lemon, as well as enzymes (catalases and peroxidases) was established.

Analysis of acid products showed that the greatest concentration of organic acids is produced by mold mushrooms developing on the surface of plaster stones and a hypsobetone. Thus, on 56 days, the total concentration of organic acids produced by mold mushrooms, developing on the surface of the hypsobetone and plastering stone, was 2.9-10 "3 mg / ml and 2.8-10" 3 mg / ml, respectively, and on the surface of polyester and epoxy composites 0.9-10 "3 mg / ml and 0.7-10" 3 mg / ml, respectively. As a result of research of enzymatic activity, an increase in the synthesis of catalase and peroxidase in mold mushrooms, developing on the surface of polymer committees, was established. Especially high their activity in the micromycete,

inhabited by

the surface of the polyester composite, it was 0.98-103 μm / ml-min. Based on the method of radioactive isotopes, were

the dependences of the depth is obtained

the innovations of metabolites from the exposure duration (Fig. 1) and the distribution of them by cross section of the samples (Fig. 2). As can be seen from fig. 1, the most permeable materials are plastering and

50 100 150 200 250 300 350 400 exposure duration, day

I am a gypsum stone

Gypsobeton

Polyester composite

Epoxy composite

Figure 1. The dependence of the depth of the penetration of metabolites from the exposure duration

gypsum stone, and the least permeable - polymeroscaposites. The depth of penetration of metabolites into the structure of the hypsobetone, after 360 days of tests, was 0.73, and in the structure of the polyester composite -0.17. The reason for this is in various porosity of materials.

Analysis of the distribution of metabolites on the cross section of the samples (Fig. 2)

showed that polymeroscoposites diffuse width, 1

zones are small, due to the high density of these materials.

It was 0.2. Therefore, only surface layers of these materials are subject to corrosion processes. Gypsum stone and, especially, hypsobetone with high porosity, the width of the diffuse zone of metabolites is much greater than that of polymer componosites. The depth of penetration of metabolites into the structure of the hypsobetone was 0.8, and the gypsum stone is 0.6. The consequence of the active diffusion of aggressive metabolites into the structure of these materials is to stimulate destructive processes, during which the strength characteristics are significantly reduced. The change in the strength characteristics of the materials was evaluated by the value of the coefficient of the mushroom resistance, determined as the ratio of the strength of compression or when tensile before and after 1 exposure to mold mushrooms (Fig. 3). As a result, it was found that the effects of metabolites of mold fungi for 360 days helps reduce The coefficient of mushrooms of all the studied materials. However, in the initial period of time, the first 60-70 days, at the gypsum concrete and gypsum stone there is an increase in the coefficient of mushrooms as a result of the sealing of the structure due to their interaction with the products of metabolism of mold mushrooms. Then (70-120 days) there is a sharp decrease in the coefficient

relative cutoff depth

hypitoket ■ Gypsum Stone

polyester composite - - epoxy composite

Figure 2, changing the relative concentration of metabolites by cross section of samples

exposure duration, day

Gypsy stone -Epoxide composite

Gypsum concosite - Polyester composite

Fig. 3. Dependence of the change in the coefficient of mushrooms from the exposure duration

mushrooms. After that (120-360 days) the process slows down and

music coefficient

resistance reaches

the minimum value is: at the hypsobetone - 0.42, and at the gypsum stone - 0.56. In polymer composites, the seal was not observed, but only happened

reducing the coefficient of mushrooms is most actively in the first 120 days "On the exposure. After 360 days of exposure, the coefficient of mushrooms in the polyester composite was 0.74, and epoxy - 0.79.

Thus, the results obtained show that the intensity of corrosion processes is determined primarily by the rate of diffusion of metabolites in the structure of materials.

The increase in the volumetric filler content also helps to reduce the coefficient of mushrooms, due to the formation of a more sparse structure of the material, therefore, more permeable for micromycete metabolites.

As a result of comprehensive physicochemical studies, the mechanism of microeting gypsum stone was established. It was shown that as a result of the diffusion of metabolites represented by organic acids, among which oxalic acid had the highest concentration (2.24 10 "3 mg / ml), their interaction with calcium sulfate occurs. At the same time, organic calcium salts are formed in the pores of the gypsum stone. presented, mainly oxalate calcium. The accumulation of this salt was recorded as a result of a differential-thermal and chemical analysis of a gypsum stone exposed to mold mushrooms. In addition, the presence of calcium oxalate crystals in the pores of the gypsum stone was recorded microscopically.

Thus, formed in the pores of a plaster stone, a hard-soluble calcium oxalate, first causes a seal of the structure of the material, and then promotes the active decrease in

strengths due to the occurrence of significant tensile voltage in the pore walls.

Gas cohromatographic analysis of extracted microetering products made it possible to establish a mechanism for biological damage to the polyester composite with mold mushrooms. As a result of the analysis, two main products of microestraction (A and C) were allocated. An analysis of kovac retention indices showed that these substances contain the polar functional groups. The calculation of the boiling temperatures of the selected compounds showed that for and it is 189200 C0, for C - 425-460 C0. As a result, it can be assumed that compound A is ethylene glycol, and C is the oligomer of the composition [- (CH) 20c (0) CH \u003d SNA (0) 0 (CH) 20-] P C n \u003d 5-7.

Thus, the micro-decomposition of the polyester composite occurs due to the splitting of links in the polymer matrix under the action of the exocheresions of mold fungi.

In the fourth chapter, the theoretical substantiation of the process of biological processing of building materials by mold mushrooms is given.

As experimental studies have shown, kinetic growth curves of mold mushrooms on the surface of building materials are complex. For their description, a two-step kinetic model of population growth was proposed, according to which the interaction of the substrate with catalytic centers inside the cell leads to the formation of metabolites and doubling these centers. Based on this model and, in accordance with the mono equation, a mathematical dependence was obtained, which makes it possible to determine the concentration of metabolites of mold fungi (P) during the period of exponential growth:

where N0 is the amount of biomass in the system after the inoculum is administered; ¡Us -

specific growth rate; S is the concentration of the limit substrate; KS - the constant of the affinity of the substrate to the microorganism; T - Time.

Analysis of diffusion and degradation processes caused by the vital activity of mold fungi is similar to the corrosion destruction of building materials under the action of chemically aggressive media. Therefore, for the characteristics of destructive processes caused by the vital activity of mold fungi, models describing the diffusion of chemically aggressive environments into the structure of building materials were used. Since during the experimental studies it was found that dense building materials (polyester and epoxy composite) width

the diffuse zone is small, then to estimate the depth of the penetration of metabolites into the structure of these materials, a model of diffusion of fluid into the semi-infinite space can be used. According to it, the width of the diffuse zone can be calculated by the formula:

where K (£) is a coefficient that determines the change in the concentration of metabolites inside the material; B - diffusion coefficient; The first degradation.

In porous building materials (gypsum, gypsum stone), the metabolites penetrate a large amount, in connection with this, the total transfer of them into the structure of these materials may be

estimated by the formula: (e) _ ^

where UV is the filtering rate of the aggressive medium.

Based on the method of degradation functions and experimental results of the study, mathematical dependences were found to determine the degradation function of the carrier ability of central-loaded elements (in (kg)) through the initial modulus of elasticity (E0) and the indicator of the material structure (P).

For porous materials: D / DL _ 1 + E0P.

For dense materials, the residual value of the module is characteristic

pGE, (E, + £ ■ ") + P (2e0 + £, 0) +2 | - + 1 elasticity (EA), therefore: ___i e"

(2 + E0P) - (2 + EAP)

The obtained functions allow with a given reliability to evaluate the degradation of building materials in aggressive media and predict the change in the bearing ability of central-loaded elements under biological corrosion conditions.

In the fifth chapter, taking into account the established patterns, the use of complex modifiers, significantly increasing the mushrooms of building materials, and improving their physicomechanical properties.

To increase the mushrooms of cement concrete, the use of a fungicidal modifier is proposed, which is a mixture of S-3 superplasticizers (30%) and SB-3 (70%) with additives of inorganic hardening accelerators (CAC12, No.N03, NG04). It is shown that the introduction of 0.3% of the mass of the mixture of superplasticizers and 1% of the masses of inorganic accelerators of hardening allows

suppress the growth of mold mushrooms, increase the coefficient of mushrooms by 14.5%, the density of 1.0 1.5%, compressive strength by 2.8 -g- 6.1%, as well as reduce porosity by 4.7-4 , 8% and water absorption by 6.9 - 7.3%.

The fungicidality of gypsum materials (gypsum stone and hypsobetone) was provided by administering to their composition of the SOC-5 superplasticizer at a concentration of 0.2-0.25% of the masses, with a significant increase in the coefficient of the fungust resistance of the hypsobetone by 58.6 + 59.1%, and gypsum Stone by 38.8 38.9%.

The effective compositions of polymeric polyester-based polymercomposites (Mon-63) and epoxy (Q-153) binders, filled with quartz sand and production waste (waste of enrichment-iron quartzites (tailings) of the liga and dust of the IEMC electrostilifers) with silicone additives (tetraethoxysilane and "Irganox "). These compositions have fungicidal properties, a high coefficient of mushrooms and increased strength in compression and tension. In addition, they have a high coefficient of resistance in solutions of acetic acid and hydrogen peroxide.

The technical and economic efficiency of the use of cement and gypsum materials with increased mushrooms is due to an increase in the durability and reliability of construction products and structures based on them, operated under biologically aggressive environments. The compositions of cement concrete concrete with fungicidal additives are introduced in the enterprise. OJSC "KMA PROJECTZHILSTROY" when building basements.

The economic efficiency of the developed compositions of polymer committees compared with traditional polymer concrete is determined by the fact that they are filled with waste production, which significantly reduces their cost. In addition, products and designs based on them will eliminate molds and associated corrosion processes. The estimated economic effect of the introduction of the polyester composite was 134.1 rubles. per 1 m3, and epoxy 86.2 rubles. per 1 m3.

General conclusions 1. The mushrooms of the most common components of building materials are established. It is shown that the mushrooms of mineral aggregates is determined by the content of aluminum and silicon oxides, i.e. Module activity. It was revealed that non-barbustic (degree of 4 or more points according to the method A, GOST 9.049-91) are mineral aggregates having a module of activity less than 0.215. Organic fillers are characterized by low

mushroom resistance due to content in their composition a significant amount of cellulose, which is a power source for mold fungi. Mushrooms of mineral binders is determined by the pH value of pension fluid. Low mushrooms are characteristic of binders with pH \u003d 4-9. The mushrooms of polymer binders are determined by their structure.

7. Functions obtained with a given reliability to evaluate the degradation of dense and porous building materials in aggressive environments and predict the change in the bearing capacity

central-loaded elements under micrological corrosion conditions.

8. The use of comprehensive modifiers based on superplasticizers (Sat-3, Sat-5, C-3) and inorganic hardening accelerators (CAC12, NAN03, Na2S04) to increase the mushrooms of cement concrete and gypsum materials.

9. The effective compositions of polymercomposites based on polyester resin PN-63 and epoxy compound K-153, filled with quartz sand and production waste, which have increased mushrooms and high strength characteristics. The estimated economic effect of the introduction of the polyester composite was 134.1 rubles. on i m3, and epoxy 86.2 rubles. per 1 m3. .

1. Ogrel L.Yu., Shevtsova R.I., Shapovalov I.V, Prudnikova T.I., Mikhailova L.I. Biocese of polyvinyl chloride linoleum mold mushrooms // Quality, safety, energy and resource saving in the industry of building materials and construction on the threshold of the XXI century: Sat. Dokl. Intern. scientific-practical. conf. - Belgorod: Publishing House Belgtasm, 2000. - 4.6 - p. 82-87.

2. Ogrel L.Yu., Shevtsova R.I., Shapovalov I.V, Prudnikova T.I. Biopamarities of polymer concrete micromycete and modern problems of technical, natural science and humanitarian knowledge: Sat. Dokl. II region, scientific-practical. conf. - Gubkin: Publishing Publishing. Center "Master-Garant", 2001. - P. 215-219.

3. Shapovalov I.V. The study of the bioscistance of gypsum and hypsopolymer materials // Modern problems of building materials science: Mater, Dokl. III International. scientific-practical. conf. - Schools - seminar Young, scholars, graduate students and doctoral students - Belgorod: Publishing house BelgTASM, 2001. - 4.1 - P. 125-129.

4. Shapovalov I.V, Ogrel L.Yu., Kuzhin M.M. Increased mushrooms of wood-filled cement composites // Ecology - Education, Science and Industry: Sat. Dokl. Intern. Scientific program. conf. - Belgorod: Belgtasm Publishing House, 2002. -H.z-s. 271-273.

5. Shapovalov I.V, Ogrel L.Yu., Kuzhin M.M. Fungicidal modifier mineral building compositions // Problems and ways of creating composite materials and technologies from

secondary mineral resources: Sat. Labor, scientific practical. Semin. -Nokuznetsk: Publishing House of Sibgiu, 2003. - P. 242-245. Shapovalov I.V, Ogrel L.Yu., Kuzhin M.M. Mechanism of microetting of construction gypsum // Britty BSTU them. V.G. Shukhov: Mater. Intern. Congre. "Modern technologies in the building materials and construction industry" - Belgorod: Publishing House of BSTU, 2003. - №5 - P. 193-195. Kosukhin M.M., Ogrel L.Yu., Shapovalov I.V Biostustic modified concrete for the conditions of a roast wet climate // BSTU BSTU. V.G. Shukhov: Mater. Intern. Congre. "Modern technologies in the building materials and construction industry industry" - Belgorod: Publishing House of BSTU, 2003. - №5 - P. 297-299.

Ogrel L.Yu., Yastrinsk A.B., Shapovalov I.V., Manushina E. V. Composite materials with improved performance characteristics and increased biostocility // Construction materials and products. (Ukraine) - 2003 - №9 - pp. 24-26. Koshin M.M., Ogrel L.Yu., Pavlenko V.I, Shapovalov I.V Biostustary cement concrete with polyfunctional modifiers // Construction materials. - 2003. - №11. - P. 4849.

Ed. Persons. ID №00434 of 10/11/99. Signed in printing 25.11.03. Format 60x84/16 SL. P.L. 1.1 Circulation 100 copies. ; \\? l. ^ "16 5 Printed in Belgorod State Technology University. V.G. Shukhova 308012, Belgorod, ul. Kostyukov 46

Introduction

1. Biological structures and mechanisms of biodegradation of building materials. State condition.

1.1 Biological agents.

1.2 Factors affecting the mushrooms of building materials.

1.3 Mechanism of microeting building materials.

1.4 Methods for improving the mushrooms of building materials.

2 Objects and research methods.

2.1 Research objects.

2.2 research methods.

2.2.1 Physical and mechanical research methods.

2.2.2 Physico-chemical research methods.

2.2.3 Biological research methods.

2.2.4 Mathematical processing of research results.

3 Microeter Building Materials based on Mineral and Polymer Binders.

3.1. Mushroom resistance of the most important components of building materials.

3.1.1. Mushrooms of mineral aggregates.

3.1.2. Mushrooms of organic aggregates.

3.1.3. Mushrooms of mineral and polymeric binders.

3.2. Mushroom resistance of various types of building materials based on mineral and polymer binders.

3.3. Kinetics of growth and development of mold fungi on the surface of plaster and polymer composites.

3.4. The effect of micromycetic metabolism products on the physico-mechanical properties of gypsum and polymer composites.

3.5. Mechanism of microeting gypsum stone.

3.6. The mechanism of microeting polyester composite.

Modeling the processes of the microetering materials.

4.1. Kinetic model of growth and development of mold fungi on the surface of building materials.

4.2. The diffusion of metabolites micromyzet into the structure of dense and porous building materials.

4.3. Forecasting the durability of building materials operated in micrological aggression.

Improving the mushrooms of building materials based on mineral and polymer binders.

5.1 Cement concrete.

5.2 Gypsum materials.

5.3 PolymerComposites.

5.4 Technical and economic analysis of the efficiency of the use of building materials with increased mushrooms.

Introduction 2003, dissertation on construction, Shapovalov, Igor Vasilyevich

In this regard, it is necessary to a comprehensive study of the processes of biological development of building materials in order to increase their durability and reliability.

The work was carried out in accordance with the NIR program on the task of the Ministry of Education of the Russian Federation "Modeling environmentally friendly and waste-free technologies"

The purpose and objectives of the study. The purpose of the research was the establishment of patterns of microeting materials and an increase in their mushrooms.

A classification of building materials for mushrooms is proposed, which allows them to conduct their targeted selection for operation in micrological aggression.

Practical significance of work.

A method for increasing the mushrooms of building materials by using complex modifiers to ensure fungicide and high physical and mechanical properties of materials.

Mushroom compounds of building materials based on cement, gypsum, polyester and epoxy binders with high physicomechanical characteristics have been developed.

The compositions of cement concrete having high mushrooms are introduced at the enterprise KMU Prokzhilstroy.

Approbation of work. The results of the dissertation work were presented at the International Scientific and Practical Conference "Quality, Safety, Energy and Resource Saving in the Industry of Building Materials on the threshold of the XXI century" (Belgorod, 2000); II regional scientific and practical conference "Modern problems of technical, natural science and humanitarian knowledge" (Gubkin, 2001); III International Scientific and Practical Conference - School-Seminar of young scientists, graduate students and doctoral students "Modern Problems of Building Materials Science" (Belgorod, 2001); International Scientific and Practical Conference "Ecology-Education, Science and Industry" (Belgorod, 2002); Scientific-practical seminar "Problems and ways to create composite materials from secondary mineral resources" (Novokuznetsk, 2003);

International Congress "Modern Technologies in the Industry of Building Materials and Stroyirdustria" (Belgorod, 2003).

Publications. The main provisions and the results of the thesis are set out in 9 publications.

Conclusion dissertation thesis on the "Biopoveability of building materials by mold mushrooms"

General conclusions

2. Based on the analysis of the intensity of fracture mold mushrooms of various types of building materials, their classification of mushrooms was proposed for the first time.

4. Revealed the nature of changes in the strength characteristics of building materials under the action of metabolites of mold mushrooms. Data is obtained indicating that the decrease in the strength properties of building materials is determined by the depth of the penetration of metabolites, as well as the chemical nature and volumetric content of fillers. It is shown that the gypsum materials of degradation undergoes the entire volume, and the polymer componosites are only surface layers.

Bibliography Shapovalov, Igor Vasilyevich, thesis on the topic Building materials and products

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9. Anisimov A.A., Feldman M.S., Vysotskaya L.B. The enzymes of mycelial mushrooms as aggressive metabolites // Biophentrations in industry: interunion. Sat Gorky: GSU, 1985. - C.3-19.

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