Research work on the topic of children and war. Research work on the topic: "Children of war

Municipal educational institution

"Average comprehensive school with. Zaprudnoye.

Research competition creative works

"Saratov region. Year 1945"

Nomination: "CHILDREN OF WAR"

Work done:

Iskaliev Evgeny

Baygaliev Ruslan.

MOU "Secondary School with. Zaprudnoye.

Supervisor:

Iskalieva

Olga Vyacheslavovna

2015 academic year.

Research

" Children of war"

Target:
Raising patriotism, a sense of pride in the heroic past of their loved ones.
Tasks:

1. Formation of historical memory and continuity of generations on the basis of deepening knowledge about the Great Patriotic War about the participation of their relatives in it.

2. Development of children's research abilities, independence in the search for the necessary information, the ability to use the acquired knowledge in essays, stories, drawings.
Rationale for the choice of topic.

Historical memory is not just knowledge of the concrete reality of the past, but the consciousness that each of us, as a particle of history, is inseparable from what was before our birth. In our opinion, historical memory is one of the important sources of patriotic and moral education personality. Not only war veterans can help us to preserve this source, but also those who were children and teenagers during the war, i.e. peers of our students, and now our grandparents. We, the students, know almost nothing about the life of this generation. But it was they, the children of war, who became its main victim, since it deprived them not only of their childhood and all the joys that accompany it, but also took away from many of their closest people. Children of the war period became adults early, especially boys. They had to replace the fathers and brothers who had gone to the front both at the factory machine and at the plow on arable land. It was for their freedom, their future that fathers and brothers went to death. It was they, the children of the war, who had to rebuild their native cities and villages.

“Children and war - there is no more terrible convergence of opposite things in the world,” wrote A. Tvardovsky. Grief and suffering, pain and loss helped to instill in our grandparents the desire for a decent life, love for it, self-sacrifice, compassion, kindness, responsiveness, hard work - all those qualities that our generation so lacks. Is it really possible to cultivate the best moral qualities in oneself only through compassion? Of course not. They can be brought up on the example of older generations, on respect for the past of their loved ones and their people. Each time has its difficulties, its troubles. Justifying today's immorality, many say: "The time is such!". Our research work is dedicated to understanding and realizing to us, the younger generation, that it is not time that creates a person, but he himself is the creator of his era.

"Children of war".

Research participants:
students of the MOU “Secondary School with. Zaprudnoe» Iskaliyev Evgeny 9th grade, Baygaliev Ruslan 7th grade, history teacher Iskalieva Olga Vyacheslavovna.
Research principles:
Problem solving:
Why can't we forget the past?

What trace did the war leave in your family?

What is the life tragedy of the children of war?

Why should wartime children also be considered participants in the war?

What do you know about the military childhood of your relatives, grandparents?

What would you like to learn from the children of war? What character traits to adopt?

Iskalieva (Bakaur) Valentina Khaliyevna

My grandmother, Iskalieva (Bakaur) Valentina Khalievna, was born in 1935, p. Volny of the St. Petersburg region Saratov region(at present, this village does not exist, but only a human cemetery remains, not far from the village of Borets), and after 6 years the Great Patriotic War began, which left its mark in every city, village, family.

Grandmother recalls: “When my father Bakaur Khali went to the front (he didn’t have a patronymic), there were four of us: my mother, Bakaur Maria, me and two younger sisters, Galya and Nina. In 1942, a funeral was brought to the house stating that his father had died. The whole burden fell on the shoulders of the mother. At that time, work was not considered, women did any work to feed their children. Mom worked as a groom in the brigade. There was practically nothing to eat, I went to the field with the neighboring girls (hiding from the local authorities, that is, secretly) in order to collect the ear. This ear was hidden everywhere: in the bosom, in pockets, in shoes. Once in the spring, after the snow melted, the lands opened up, and all the inhabitants went to dig the fields where potatoes once grew, looking for at least some rotten fruits. They made cakes from them, baked and ate.

We had one cow in the barnyard, my mother collected milk and handed it over to the state. We didn't get anything.

In 1943, my grandmother recalls, she went to school, first grade. There was nothing to wear; my sister and I took turns wearing outerwear and shoes. She finished only 2 classes and went to work as a milkmaid, as her mother became very ill. I had to survive somehow. Help was nowhere to be found. I had to rely only on myself to feed my sick mother and two younger sisters.

My grandmother did not have a childhood, there were no entertainment and toys, there was one job, duties that had to be performed daily. Milk was sent to the district center on bulls, straw was loaded by hand, grain was carried on a hump. They worked in rubber boots, which got so wet that they did not dry out until the next morning, from work the mittens quickly came to a piece of rags. The grandmother did not see the war itself, but she more than felt its consequences. A small child's heart knew hunger and devastation.

So she worked as a milkmaid in the brigade until the Victory! With the advent of the new Soviet power, grandmother was repeatedly awarded with valuable gifts, a cash prize. The most important gift, grandmother believes, after war time it was a trip to the VDNKh exhibition in Moscow (as the best livestock worker).

She married in 1956 and had 5 children. Grandma lived in peace and harmony with her grandfather, but in 1982 her grandfather died, the insidious disease turned out to be stronger. One raised children: she taught, saw off to the army, met, played weddings for everyone. Now my grandmother has 12 grandchildren and 7 great-grandchildren. On holidays and weekends, you all gather with great pleasure at her house.

In 1995, in the "Book of Memory" (volume 6), with tears in her eyes, my grandmother saw a record about her father, which she keeps "like the apple of her eye." Grandmother says words of gratitude every year, on May 9, Victory Day, to the creators of this book. “A small entry in the book reminds me of the memory of my dead father,” says Grandma.

This year, my dear grandmother will be 80 years old. For me, she is a model of courage, resilience, a role model, I want to be like such people. May he live long, long, in our time of peace!

Iskaliyev Evgeny, a 9th grade student of the secondary school Zaprudnoye.

Yatsuk (Pokhilko) Lyudmila Alexandrovna.

My great-grandmother was born on March 3, 1925. Parents died early, and the little girl in 1933 (then she was 8 years old) ended up in an orphanage in the city of Borispol, Kyiv region.

From the memoirs of my great-grandmother: “At the age of 14, I was sent to independent work in the Novobukhsky district of the Nikolaev region. They worked in the field: they mowed hay, knitted sheaves, sowed, plowed. Two years later, the war began, at which time I was 16 years old. The Germans captured the village and all the young people were taken to the station in formation, loaded into wagons (in which cattle were transported) and taken to slave labor in Germany. After 7 days were in Germany. There, the Nazis sorted us as goods, cattle, selected those who were stronger in the body, asked who could do what.

I was sent to work at a plant in Wagens (mechanical shop) for the production of cars. People of different nationalities worked at the plant: Russians, Belarusians, Ukrainians, Poles, French, Italians. The number of workers was 7 thousand people.

They went to work in formation, under escort. The camp was surrounded by double barbed wire, there were 6 guard towers, every hour the Germans made a detour with dogs and carried out a roll call. They slept in bunk beds, the mattresses were stuffed with straw.

Every day the rise was at 6 00 o'clock, work began at 6 30 o'clock and ended at 18 30 o'clock. They fed 3 times a day: in the morning 0.5 l of rutabaga soup, in the afternoon 0.75 l of rutabaga soup, in the evening 300 grams of black bread. Stayed there for 4 years. We didn't know anything about how the war was going. But the terrible memories remained in my memory forever.

After her release, she ended up in the Irrigated state farm of the St. Petersburg district of the Saratov region in August 1945.

In 1996, the great-grandmother received a certificate stating that she was entitled to the benefits and benefits established for former juvenile prisoners. fascist concentration camps, ghettos and other places of detention created by the Nazis and their allies during the Second World War (see Appendix 1).

Many thanks to our state, the government, for not disregarding these unfortunate "children of war". Their work in the fascist camps was paid in the form of compensation in German marks (see Appendix 2).

Much to my great-grandmother's regret, this moment, dead. She died in 2004. Our family will always remember her. On her grave, on May 9, scarlet tulips always flaunt.

I'm proud of my great-grandmother! For me, he is an example of courage, courage, patience and willpower. The heavy burden of war fell on her share in the most beautiful time of her life - childhood. Many thanks to her for this! Low bow! And everlasting memory!

Baygaliev Ruslan, a student of the 7th grade of the MOU “Secondary School with. Zaprudnoye.

Mikhailenko (Kireeva) Zinaida Alekseevna.

The war swept over our country like a terrible hurricane, breaking

their way of fate and people's lives. When the war began, my grandmother Mikhailenko (Kireeva) Zinaida Alekseevna was only one year old. She was born on June 13, 1940 in the village. Aleksashkino, St. Petersburg district, Saratov region. The grandmother did not see the war itself, but some memories remained in her childhood memory. A small child's heart recognized hunger, devastation, grief.

Here is what she says (from the memoirs of her grandmother Ageeva Anna Grigoryevna): “My mother, Kireeva Klavdia Petrovna, worked as a tractor driver, my father, Kireev Alexei Yakovlevich, was called to the front, and my mother, grandmother and sister were left alone. These childhood years were the most difficult for me and my sister. Mother worked from morning to late night. Products at that time were given out on cards, but the portions were small, and, of course, there were not enough of them.

“The only thing that stuck in the children's memory,” says the grandmother, when the postman brought the funeral in 1943. My grandmother made my sister and I climb onto the Russian stove. Neighbors and relatives gathered in the house, everyone was crying, someone said “damned war”, someone said “this is fate”, and my mother lay on a bed, turned to the wall, and wept bitterly. After the father's funeral, people from the village council came and said that the state would allocate rations once a month, as the widow of a dead soldier. They received 0.5 sugar, 0.5 butter and 1 kg of cereals, then it was a big holiday for us. Grandmother Anna (my mother’s mother) sewed clothes for us herself, my sister and I helped her with the housework: we harvested firewood, chopped it with a cleaver (it was very heavy), carried water from the well, went to the Salyanka river to wash.

Basically, our upbringing was done by my grandmother, since my mother worked from morning to night. She was literate with us, at night she read "Tolstoy's books" with a lamp. That's how they lived, ”grandmother finished her story, brushing away a tear with her hand.

Years passed, my grandmother grew up, matured. Graduated from 10 classes, received Teacher Education. She got married and had two children. She has worked as a kindergarten teacher all her adult life. Now she is on a well-deserved rest, has the status of "Veteran of Labor of the Saratov Region". But every year, on May 9, Grandma remembers this day with tears in her eyes. The memory of her dead father reminds her of the "Book of Memory" (see Appendix 1).

On June 13, 2015, my grandmother will turn 75 years old. I wish her good health, family well-being and a peaceful sky over her head!

Iskaliev Artur, 18 years old student of Saratov technical university them. Yu.A. Gagarin.

Municipal educational institution "Nikolaev secondary school of Veydelevsky district Belgorod region»

District competition

research local history

works of participants of the All-Russian

tourist and local lore movement

"Fatherland"

Section "Military history"

Work theme

"Children and War"

Prepared by:

Shinkar Alisa Sergeevna

9th grade student

Nikolaev secondary school

309733 S. Nikolaevka

street Central 61

tel. 8-47 237 45125

Supervisor:

Myslivets Galina Ivanovna

history teacher

"Nikolaev middle

comprehensive school

Veydelevsky district

Belgorod region"

309733 Mykolaivka village

street Central 61

tel. 8-47 237 45125

Nikolaevka village - 2017

1. Introduction

2.Main part

The beginning of the war. Fighting in the area.

Military childhood of Shurochka and Kostya Shumaev.

(from the memoirs of Alexandra Ivanovna Miroshnikova)

A fiery tornado war passed through our childhood

The fate of the country has become our fate

3. Conclusion

4. List of sources and used literature

5. Applications

Children of war and blows cold

Children of war and the smell of hunger

Children of war and hair on end:

On the bangs of children's gray stripes.

Introduction

On the eve of the 75th anniversary Battle of Kursk, one of the greatest battles of World War II and the Great Patriotic War, I decided to turn to the topic "Children and War". The great victory is already 72 years old! Not only we, even our parents know about this war only from books and films. We are the fourth generation living under peaceful skies. But the memory of those terrible days is alive. We get acquainted with the events of that war at history lessons, at meetings with war veterans and home front workers. Our school has collected a lot of material about the participants of the Great Patriotic War, about the fallen countrymen, but in preparation for the celebration of Victory Day, it turned out that at our school there is very little material about people whose childhood fell on the years of the war. Today, the great-grandchildren and great-great-grandchildren of those who fought and forged victory with their labor are sitting at their desks. We want the memory of our countrymen, relatives and friends to be forever preserved, who, as a child, worked tirelessly in the rear and, together with adults, forged the Victory.

I was especially interested in the topic of the fate of children whose childhood fell on the war years. After all, they are all our peers. These guys are grown up- June 22, 1941 years and a hundred minutes carried on their shoulders all the hardships of the war on an equal footing with adults. My work is an attempt to show and comprehend the role of children during the Great Patriotic War. This role, of course, is great. Little citizens of their country, little patriots of their Fatherland, sparing no effort, not afraid of difficulties, along with adults, brought Victory Day closer. I believe that we, the younger generation, are simply obliged to know about the heroes of our Motherland.

The relevance of the topic lies in the fact that there are fewer and fewer people who survived the war. It is they, home front workers and war veterans, children of the war era, who are the living thread that connects us with the history of the country, and the fewer eyewitnesses of that terrible war next to us, the thinner this thread. At the end of 2017, two war veterans, six widows and about one hundred and fifty countrymen remained in the village of Nikolaevka, whose childhood fell on 1941-1945. It is terrible to realize that this thread will break, that is why every word, every fact from the history of these great people is so important, so relevant!

The purpose of the research work:to develop in my peers a sense of patriotism, love for the Motherland, a sense of pride in their people, country, a sense of respect for the heroic deeds of children in wartime,comprehend and show the role of children in the Great Patriotic War.

Tasks:
- Describe the labor exploits of children in the rear.

Show contributions to great victory my fellow villagers, whose childhood fell on the war years.

Shape:
- increasing students' interest in military history Fatherland;

Preservation of the memory of the national feat in the Great Patriotic War;

Formation of an active civic position of students in the process of research tourism and local history activities.

Object of study: the way of life of children during the Great Patriotic War.
Subject of research: life and role of children in the Great Patriotic War.
Research hypothesis: the behavior and lifestyle of children were characterized by patriotism, civic activism, devotion to the motherland.
Research methods: reading and analysis of books and Internet resources, reflections, conversation with the "children of war".
The significance of the workis that given material can be used as an additional lesson in grades 5-11 and at extracurricular activities. I hope that my work will be interesting for students and teachers.

The beginning of the war. Fighting in the area.

On the eve of the 75th anniversary of the liberation of the Veidel region from the German invaders, let us recall the harsh years when the war, which began on western borders USSR, in 1942 came to our land.

On June 22, 1941, residents of the Veydelevsky district then ( Voronezh region) like all Soviet people, they learned about the perfidious attack of fascist Germany on the Soviet Union. The Great Patriotic War began. In the very first days after it began, the district draft board was overflowing with volunteers and conscripts, young people were especially eager to join the ranks of the Red Army. Detachments of Komsomol members and youth, formed on the territory of our region, were sent to build defensive lines in the Smolensk-Moscow direction.

Field airfields and rear units of our troops were located on the territory, which were helped in everything by our collective farms, village councils and the entire population. In wartime, discipline was strengthened, and people deliberately increased their responsibility and exactingness to themselves and others, all work and assignments were carried out clearly, without delay, with great dedication and sacrifice of people.

With enthusiasm and joy, the inhabitants of the district accepted the message of the defeat of the Germans near Moscow, lived through the spring and early summer of 1942 with hope and faith.

In the summer of 1942, the German command, deploying 70 of the most powerful divisions in the Moscow direction, sought to show that the main blow would be delivered here. In fact, the military-economic plan was to, carefully concealing your plan, to deliver the main blow on our southwestern and southern fronts, to defeat our troops, go to the Volga, capture Stalingrad and take possession of the Caucasus. Thus, to get Caucasian oil for ourselves and deprive our army of this most important strategic raw material and all the resources of the south of the USSR.

On June 28, 1942, with several powerful strikes by aviation, artillery, tanks and infantry, the Germans launched their largest and last offensive against Stalingrad and the Caucasus.

In the direction of Valuyek, Veydelevka, Rovenyok, units of the 6th German Army and the 8th Army of Italy were advancing.

Our front was held by the troops of the 28th Army of the Southwestern Front. Most swipe was inflicted from the Volchansk region to Stary Oskol, where significant forces of our troops were surrounded, as well as from Kupyansk to the east. On June 4, 1942, the Oskol River became a line of defense. Near the village of Urazovo, the 38th Infantry Division fought, preventing the Germans from crossing the river.

In a fierce battle, the Germans lost 38 tanks, 18 armored vehicles, 2 infantry regiments, 3 aircraft here. On July 7, the Germans crossed Oskol and began to enter the rear of the heroically fighting 38th division, commanded by Lieutenant General Safiullin G.B.

On the night of July 7-8, our troops began to retreat in an organized manner in the direction of the Veidel district, through our villages, without stopping anywhere. The Germans began to pursue. On the morning of July 8, a battle began near the village of Bely Kolodez. Having beaten off 2 enemy attacks, the regiment under the command of Captain Isaev went through the village to Rovenki, where the rest of the division's forces were.

At the same time, on July 7, the 13th Guards Division under the command of Colonel A.I. Rodimtsev - the future twice hero Soviet Union colonel general. Faced with a German convoy in x. Nekhaevka there was a fight. After that, changing direction, he, along with the division, bypassing Veydelevka to the north, headed to the Novoslov farm, and then east to Rovenki, where they met with the 38th division.

Unfortunately, on the territory of our region, the defensive line with concrete pillboxes remained unused for its intended purpose, which still stand today near the villages of Nikolaevka and Kh. Popasny

On July 7 and 8, 1942, the Veydelevsky district was occupied by German and Italian fascists.

From the memories of the military childhood ...

Like a fiery tornado, the Great Patriotic War of 1941-1945 passed through the childhood of every child. The fate of the country has become the fate of the children. But in the archives and in other sources, not enough materials have been preserved that reflect this topic.

Military childhood of Shurochka and Kostya Shumaev.

I, Alexandra Ivanovna Shumaeva, now Miroshnikova, remember the events of the Great Patriotic War well. I especially remember some episodes from it that took place in the places of my childhood.

On the first day of the war, my children and I were tending calves in the pasture, and suddenly one of the guys came to us and said that the war had begun.

We all immediately calmed down here, calmed down, as if we were all hit with something at once. No games, conversations, especially laughter, and I was eleven years old at that time. We knew from school that war is something terrible.

And Vasily Yegorovich Miroshnik remembered that he, a ten-year-old boy, was sent on horseback to the field to tell people such news.

I remember the gloomy days at school after the holidays, where every day they reported how things were going on the fronts of the war, and we, the children, reported at home.

In the summer of 1942, our troops were retreating. Day and night carts were moving in whole ranks below our gardens, cars and tractors were moving along our pasture in the direction of Zrubtsy, somewhere in the West something was constantly buzzing and buzzing without interruption. And we, the children, so wanted it to be quiet for at least an hour.

And then the school holidays came. 1942, they say it was the eighth of July, we were captured by the Germans. I remember it like this: military men ran on motorcycles on the streets. They were shouting something incomprehensible, waving something at us. Then we realized that they were Germans. In a moment, they were gone. Bombs and shells began to explode in the center of Nikolaevka, a white school caught fire, which stood where it now stands Kindergarten. And standing near the school truck with shells, they began to explode. Noise, fires, and we hid under the bunks at home, we thought that we would be saved. What was the horror, fear. It seemed like it lasted an eternity, but we tried not to cry, so as not to upset my mother.

The next memorable episode from the war. Early in the morning, in the summer, the Germans were running down the street, shouting, shooting somewhere, running into our house, we children were still sleeping. They approached the bunk where my older brother Mikhail was sleeping, dragged him off the bunk by force and dragged him out into the street, beat him and shouted: “Partizan!”.

My brother was 17 at the time. Mom jumped out next, crying, telling the Germans that he was still young, falling at the feet of the Germans. Horror wild! Then my brother was released. Another group of punishers runs in. They did the same, but God helped. Released. In this race, the punishers killed two old men and Fyodor Petrovich Kublik, an invalid of the Great Patriotic War.

Started academic year. I have to be in the fourth grade. But she did not study because of the lack of shoes and clothes. So I had a blank year.

The year 1943 was approaching. The Germans retreated in groups, often went into houses at night to warm up and eat, but how scary it was when they knocked on the door and went into the house. We, the children, huddled together, but tried to show our mother that we were not afraid, let them go, it's okay.

On January 12, 1943, the military Ostrogozhsk-Rossosh operation began. The enemy retreated through our edges. In the morning we saw a moving wide black stripe from the side of the Long (forest). As soon as they caught up with our huts, they began to go to our yards. Stacks of hay and straw were immediately stretched out, cattle began to shoot, everywhere there was noise, din, screams. The Germans slaughtered cows, collective-farm pigs, working oxen, burned the stable with horses all over our region. The Germans roasted meat in yards, houses, and attics. Furniture was burned in every house, even the portraits that hung on the walls.

We ate all the potatoes, cabbage and beets.

And among themselves the Germans and Italians quarreled, fought to the death.

On the second day they began to leave, who was on what, shots were fired from Popasny. All this black locust died, starting from Nikolaevka to Malakeevo.

Soon, as soon as the Germans were driven away, they began to take young people born in 1924-1925 to the front near Kharkov, but besides the youth, they took all the disabled, lame, deaf, blind in one eye, etc.

For example: Chumaka M.V. who was blind from birth in one eye and was taken to the war.

A crowd of people gathered on the square in Nikolayevka.

Women cry everywhere, young people also could not stand it, looking at their mother, we cried too.

My mother, for example, accompanied her second son Mikhail to the war, and before her husband and eldest son Vasily (born in 1923, in 1941 he graduated from an agricultural technical school in the city of Biryuch and went to the front). It hurt to look at the mothers.

Victory Day was remembered as follows: They gathered the people on the central square of the village of Nikolaevka, us schoolchildren. The harmonica played, but, as the song says, with tears in her eyes.

We did not wait for our father and younger brother Mikhail from the war, most of the villagers had the same misfortune, the war left us all orphans.

I, Konstantin Ivanovich Shumaev , I remember the war well, because they bombed me, they shot at me, I was wounded, and there was only one drawback - I didn’t shoot at the enemy myself, because I was 7 years old. But even then I decided that I would be a military man, I would defend my Motherland.

The Red Army had to fight simultaneously against a large Union fascist states: Germany, Finland, Romania, Hungary, Austria, Italy, Norway, Slovenia and other states of Western Europe.

I saw these troops when they marched through Nikolaevka in the summer of 1942, advancing on Stalingrad.

The occupation of Nikolaevka began with the bombardment of our retreating troops, we were sitting in the cellar, and then German and other troops entered, a column of our prisoners appeared - all Uzbeks and they began to be beaten with whips. And then they began to shoot and rob our people, when there was nothing to rob, they began to dig the earth from the fields - black soil and send it to Germany in echelons.

On January 12, 1943, the military Ostrogozhsk-Rossosh operation began, in which the Red Army completely defeated 15 enemy divisions in two weeks. The grouping, numbering up to 50 thousand, escaped from the encirclement near Rossosh and rushed to the Valuyki railway station, entered Nikolaevka. And again we escaped in the cellars, and again robbery and fires (a number of houses and sheds burned down).

Between the soldiers of different nations, bloody showdowns began, as a result, in the morning, petrified corpses in the yards.

They retreated, also through Nikolayevka, in crowds of thousands. Enemies threw their weapons and their wounded, who immediately died. A few days later they were buried in an anti-tank ditch.

Weapons and ammunition lay everywhere: on the street, in yards and houses, they were collected by everyone, including women, and thrown into ravines.

So that "miners" were all who were able to carry weapons.

A fiery tornado war passed through our childhood
(from the memoirs of Fedor Petrovich Efremenko)

The Great Patriotic War. Like a fiery whirlwind, it passed through our childhood, singing our souls with pain for the dead fathers and brothers, hardening them, and at the same time making them more sensible to someone else's grief. I, the eldest son in the family of Efremenko Petr Filippovich, who lived in the Kovalev farm, had to learn early the difficulties of a villager born in 1928.

Collectivization began in the country farms. This company did not pass by our farm either. A collective farm was created, from poor peasants who wanted to join it, on a voluntary basis. But the majority of wealthy and middle peasant households refused to join the created state farm artel, and soon the collective farm disintegrated. In order to improve the case of the Central Committee of the CPSU (b) and the government of the country decides on complete collectivization. Peasants are forcibly "driven" to the collective farm, taking away from them working livestock, agricultural implements, barns for storing grain and devices for processing agricultural products: windmills, butter churns and other industries. Kulaks are dispossessed and sent outside the region.

Not having time to settle properly, a new misfortune overtook the collective farm of the inhabitants of the farm - a lean year of 1932, and after that a terrible famine of 1932-1933. In many families people died, especially many children died. In our family, the grandfather, Philip Vasilyevich, and the youngest brother, Vanya, died. The lean years dragged on until 1937. And only in 1937 a good harvest was harvested, the collective farmers received a lot of grain for workdays, which made it possible to somewhat improve things on the farms of the latter.

Life gradually improved, the collective farm grew richer, the collective farmers cheered up, the youth after work indulged in various entertainments. And so it continued until the middle of 1941.

In 1935, I entered the first grade of the Kovalev elementary school. Studied well. Until now, with deep respect and love, I remember my first teacher Lyashenko Taisiya Semyonovna. The following students studied with me: Andrey Kryshka, Sergey Kryshka, Ivan Shevchenko, Arkady Chumakov, Vasily Klimenko, Maria Kryshka, Anna Efremenko, Daria Shafura and others.

After graduating from elementary school, I entered the fifth grade of the Nikolaev secondary school. At that time, i.e. in the 1939-1940 academic year, the Nikolaev secondary school was training center for children not only in Nikolaevka, but also in remote villages: Rovny, Stanovoe, Kovalevo, Kubraki, Bely Ples, Gamayunov, etc. There were many parallel classes in the school. The director of the school at that time was Pleskacheva Polina Yakovlevna. A wonderful galaxy of young teachers worked at the school, among whom the Kharakokhov family was especially popular: Spiridon Savich, a teacher of geography, and Olga Vasilievna, a teacher of Russian language and literature.

The year 1941 has come. My classmates and I successfully completed the school year and went to summer vacation. They immediately joined the labor rhythm of the collective farm, whose affairs by that time had noticeably improved. The collective farm successfully carried out the production program, the collective farm purchased a truck - the famous lorry, wired a telephone to the central estate and installed a radio horn. Now the inhabitants of the farm were aware of all the events in the country and abroad. The Ribbentrop-Molotov friendship and non-aggression pact between Germany and the Soviet Union was met with distrust by the male population of our collective farm, and the partition of Poland confirmed this opinion. Men at gatherings, in friendly meetings, expressing their attitude to these events, we talk about the inevitability of war with Germany.

Day June 22, 1941 fell on a day off - Sunday. Families of collective farmers rested from the hard work of the working week. Those who were engaged in work in the garden, in the household around the yard, part of the population went to the settlement of Nikolaevka, where a wonderful market gathered every Sunday to buy something from clothes, the rest simply rested. Gathered together to discuss plans for further studies and students of the first grade 10 Chumakov Ivan Mikhailovich, Kryshka Polina Moiseevna, Klimenko Alexandra Yakovlevna. We, the boys, played hide and seek on the central estate. Suddenly, at noon, interrupting the bravura melodies, it was announced on the radio that Germany, without declaring war, had treacherously attacked the USSR. The Great Patriotic War began.

Almost the entire male population was called to defend the Motherland. And for us, children and adolescents, a happy peaceful childhood is over. Already in July, my father was drafted into the army. I and my comrades Nikolai Shevtsov, Ivan Shevtsov, Alexander Shevtsov, Vasily Merko and others were entrusted with hauling sheaves into haystacks, driving horses in mowers, caring for and grazing cattle, and a number of other equally laborious tasks. And at that time we were 12-14 years old. Everything was aimed at serving the front - everything for the front in the name of victory. "The enemy will be defeated, victory will be ours" - this slogan called us to work tirelessly in the name of Victory.

In the autumn of 1941, the enemy was rapidly approaching the borders of our region. In this regard, it was decided to evacuate equipment and livestock inland across the Don River. But soon the front line stabilized: tractors and cattle were returned back. In the winter of 1942, I fed the calves until pasture, and then I was transferred to a brigade of plowmen, where I drove the oxen. An ox is a bull trained in a yoke to carry a wagon with a load, to pull a plow, that is, to plow the land. At the end of June 1942, the evacuation began again, and work on the collective farm almost stopped. The day of July 8, 1942 will be remembered for the rest of my life. Our units retreated to the east. Tanks, guns, and motor vehicles moved along the road leading from the village of Degtyarnoe to Nikolayevka. Suddenly, at about eight o'clock in the morning, there was a roar of aircraft. A large group of aircraft with a swastika on their wings appeared at a low altitude from the direction of the village of Degtyarnoe. Planes bombed and fired at the retreating units. Having bombed, the planes returned, and new groups of German planes took their place. And so it went on for almost a whole day. And on the morning of July 9, the Germans appeared in the village. The occupation of our region has begun. In the village of Nikolaevka and in other surrounding villages, elders and policemen were appointed, the village itself was divided into ten-yards. Land, working cattle, inventory, etc. were assigned to the ten-yards. There were only women and teenagers in our ten-yard. Manually had to remove the bread, thresh, and the grain was taken for the needs of the Germans. The occupation of our area continued until January 18, 1943. On January 18, the advanced units of the Red Army appeared in our farm in the early morning. At the same time, a huge mass of retreating enemy troops appeared from the east. The Red Army soldiers were forced to retreat to Nikolaevka.

After the liberation of the region, I worked on a collective farm at various jobs.

In June 1943 on Kursk Bulge my father met with a resident of the farm, Klimenko Andrey Tikhonovich. Andrei Tikhonovich lived in the occupied territory and told his father about my work. Soon a letter came from my father in which he asked and demanded that I finish the seventh grade. Fulfilling the will of my father, who died in October 1943, I went to the seventh grade of the Nikolaev seven-year plan, which at that time was located in the building of the Yatsenkov school. And with grief in half with threes he finished the seventh grade in the spring of 1944. After graduating from the seven-year plan, he worked at various jobs on the collective farm, mostly as a trailer with a tractor driver Vasily Ilyich Shapovalov, who returned home from the front due to injury in the spring of 1944. IN AND. Shapovalov is strict, but a wise man well versed in technology. Our small team, which also included the tractor driver Efim Matveyevich Tkachenko and the trailer Alexey Alekseevich Kryshka, was one of the best in MTS.

The KhTZ tractor was old, but despite this, thanks to skillful hands Shapovalova V.I. and Tkachenko E.M. was always on the go. Our crew has always been the leader of socialist competitions, in honor of which a red pennant fluttered on the tractor radiator.

I celebrated Victory Day together with V.I. Shapovalov in the field near Rodniki, where we sowed millet. This joyful event was reported to us by a messenger who told us to quit work and go to Nikolaevka for a rally.

Having received the news about the end of the war - the victory over the Nazis - people hugged, rejoiced, and at the same time wept for the dead family members. And a lot of farmers died. Of the 121 people drafted into the actual army, 68 died.

The fate of the country has become our fate

(from the memoirs of Vera Alekseevna Kotenko)

There were five children in my family, and the war touched all of us with its heavy wing, it changed our lives, plowed, furrowed our destinies. The fate of the country has become our fate.

On June 21, nothing foreshadowed trouble: a quiet peaceful life, a herd of cows returned with lowing and a joyful meeting with their home, a rooster sang, calling their laying hens for the night, adults began to come home from work.

Early in the morning of June 22, I ran to my friends for a walk. The sun had already risen, the air was filled with the spicy smells of freshness and herbs. We are full of energy and happiness of life. Brother Victor comes to her friend and announces that the war has begun. I tried to stop him from joking so seriously. And he, unfortunately, was not joking. We went to the club, where there was a radio station, people were drawn to it. Yes, the Germans treacherously attacked the USSR without declaring war. By the evening, on Sunday, the men were summoned to the military registration and enlistment office by subpoenas. Screams, tears, crying - no one wanted to part with their fathers, husbands, brothers, children.

Collective farm labor and its own fell on the shoulders of women and children. We, the children, began working life. We went to the field with choppers and scythes. Despite June, they prepared food for the winter, anticipating that the war would be difficult and long.

Me, Ryzhkova Ksenia Zakharovna, Verevka Vasily Nikolaevich are sent to short-term courses for tractor drivers, and we are only fifteen years old. On foot, by half past eight in the morning, we need to have time to arrive in the village of Kubraki, where classes continued until 17:00. Back - also on foot. The courses were taught by Kozintsev Alexey Petrovich and Konovalenko Tikhon Mikhailovich. In three weeks we got the basics of mechanization and driving skills. They didn't give us tractors.

Grain arrived in time, and oxen were entrusted to me to lead them in a rope for stacking straw. They worked around the clock. After some time, they send me as a driver to send grain to the elevator in Valuiki. The rider was a rider, but she could not cope with the horses, since one horse was large and the other was small. We were helped by Kublik Ivan Matveevich, Kublik Petr Nikolaevich, Verevka Grigory Danilovich and his son Nikolai Grigoryevich, Kulka Mikhail Ivanovich. They were elderly people, so they were not taken to the war. Grain was carried in bags. I poured the grain in a bucket, and the old men tied the bags and put them on the cart. The second convoy was served by women. There were 10-13 carts in total (there were mostly oxen in the team, not horses). My older sister Tamara also worked in the same brigade, she is now 82 years old, she lives in Valuyki.

At the elevator, I had to look after six carts so that no one dragged the sack. Back we drove the military with uniforms to the Voronezh and Rostov region but then it was a mystery. Until September, we took bread to the state delivery.

September. 1941 Classes began at school, but only for kids, and high school students were busy doing agricultural work, since there was no one to rely on. Only on September 20, the school was fully operational. Sister Tamara has already passed Last year education at school, although it was paid - 150 rubles a year. Kotenko's mother Maria Zakharovna and I scraped out every penny in the house, so we wanted to educate our older sister.

In 1941, there were no Nazis on our territory yet, so we went to school, and already in the summer of 1942, Nikolaevka was occupied and we were under the yoke of the Germans for eight months. The occupiers appointed a headman, policemen, and a villager from among the inhabitants of our village. All collective farm property was divided among the ten-yards, which had yards for bulls and bees. Our heads are tired of humiliation and fear.

In the winter of 1943, there was anarchy for a whole week, and then scouts came and said that ours would soon come. And so it happened: on Saturday, darkness and darkness of Germans poured out of Rossosh, a whole horde on white snow, covered the earth with a “black blanket”. Everything was on fire, in the place of the bakery there was a mill, it burned with a bright flame.

On Sunday morning, our troops came from the direction of Rassypnoye, marching like a mountain. The brigadier sent his brother Victor to transport the military headquarters on oxen, they rode furiously to Valuiki through Dolgoe. My brother soon became a rider at the headquarters, he worked on horses. He ended up in Zhitomir, where he met fellow villager Zhuk Yegor Petrovich, who was the commander. It was 1943, and we had no news from our brother.

On January 18, 1943, Nikolaevka was liberated, and in February collective farm detachments, brigades, and MTS were re-equipped.

Foreman Zyuba Grigory Andreevich comes from MTS and invites me to repair U-2 and KhTZ-1 tractors. Zyuba G.A. Syrovatsky Ivan Nikitich became an assistant, Lepetyukha Efim Sergeevich and Bratishko Efim worked as tractor drivers.

The brigadier gave me the task to register the returned machine operators from the farms. Thirteen pairs of oxen dragged a tractor from Nogino, searched for spare parts in the farms. Barely, ChTZ was assembled in the common yard. On April 24, we drove this tractor to the sowing season. Made it to harvest time. I was a tractor driver, and a trailer was Sleta Lida. Syrovatsky taught me how to work on a tractor like a father, praised me, helped me. I was a good and obedient student, I could run through Pivnyachiy to Kubraki for a spare part, if necessary.

Throughout 1943, I worked as a tractor driver, and in the winter in Kubraky I was engaged in repairs: I knew how to adjust valves and running gear quite well.

And so it was in 1944. Everything was worn out, cut off, there was no where to buy, and there was nothing to buy.

And so the sowing season of 1945 came. Dolya Mikhail Alexandrovich runs to the camp with exclamations: “The war is over!” And crying here, and laughter - everything was. At this time, Ivan Grigoryevich Verevka ran up (he was 17 years old), ran from Kubrakov, went for details.

We continued to work, the harvests were low, but for us it was worth a lot.

The children of the war survived all the hardships together with their country, supplied the front, forged victory, sometimes forgetting about themselves, as the soldier was in the snow, in the cold, and we are still at home. We sewed clothes from what was left, knitted mittens, socks, and sent them to the front.

Everything for the front - everything for victory! - it was the meaning of our childhood life during the war years

Conclusion

Our generation knows about the war mainly from the lessons of history, literature, from feature films and documentaries. There are fewer and fewer veterans of the Great Patriotic War, home front workers. We must respect these people, their past and present, bow before them. We have a lot to learn from them. Through my research, I have come to the following conclusions:

1. War is not only human casualties, losses in battle, it is a crippled childhood. At all times, in all wars, there have been dead, prisoners, but in no war have children suffered so much.

2. During the war years, every child accomplished his feat - despite hunger, cold and fear, the children continued to study, helped the wounded in hospitals, sent parcels to the front, worked in the field. Their life can serve as an example for today's young generation.

Results of work:

studied literature, archival documents

We held meetings with war and labor veterans, “children of war”.

As a result of research work, we learned that there is such a category of veterans as "children of war". We knew almost nothing about the people who live next to us, about their destinies, about life during the war years. But in the course of working on the study, we learned a lot about wartime, about people who made their invaluable contribution to the Victory over fascism. Now with this information we must acquaint as possible more people. This is practical value our work. We believe that this work can be used in history lessons, classroom hours dedicated to the Great Patriotic War and home front workers.

… The war has passed, the suffering has passed,

But the pain cries out to people:

Come on people never

Let's not forget this…”

A. Tvardovsky

Bibliographic list:

1. Savchenko E.S. and etc. "Essays on local history of the Belgorod region", Belgorod 2000

2.Strakhov S.I., Veydelevka pages of history, guidebook, Belgorod 2002

3. Shcherbachenko V.I., Veidelevskaya antiquity, Belgorod 1998

4. Kostenko I.A. Country roads of Russia.

The work uses the memories of people whose childhood fell on the war years.

APPS

young teacher. Shumaeva Alexandra I. 1956

Shumaeva Alexandra I. 06/02/1954. City of Rossosh. Teacher's college student.

Miroshnikov Vasily Egorovich

During the years of service in the Baltic Fleet. May 31, 1953.

Shumaev Konstantin Ivanovich. December 18, 1954. Cadet of the Higher Military Automobile School.

Shumaev Vasily Ivanovich 1946 City of Ryazan.

Kotenko Vera Alekseevna. 1950 After work.

Kotenko Vera Alekseevna. 1979

Efremenko Fedor Petrovich. 1985

Efremenko Fedor Petrovich. 1980

Long-term firing point of the Aidaro-Nikolaev fortified area.

Student 11 "B" class g.o. Togliatti, Kazhakova A.

Pupil of 11 "B" class, r.o. Tolyatti, Velieva A.

Supervisor:

Nikitishina Irina Vyacheslavovna,

History teacher Tolyatti

I Introduction

II.Main part

1. Great Patriotic War. Start

2. Education in besieged Leningrad

3. Non-childish exploits

4. Children in concentration camps and behind barbed wire

III.Conclusion

IV. List of sources used

V.Applications

Introduction:

Time is rapidly moving forward. The Great Patriotic War became history. 2015 marks the 70th anniversary of its completion. Over the years, several generations of adults have grown up who have not heard the thunder of guns and bomb explosions. But the war has not been erased from people's memory, and those days cannot be forgotten. Because history is the fate of everyone who endured years of deadly battles, years of waiting and hope, who showed amazing, unparalleled courage.

According to well-known statistics, the Great Patriotic War claimed about 27 million lives of citizens of the Soviet Union. Of these, about 10 million are soldiers, the rest are old people, women, and children. But the statistics are silent about how many children died during the Great Patriotic War. Such data simply does not exist. The war crippled thousands of children's destinies, took away a bright and joyful childhood. The children of the war, as best they could, brought the Victory closer to the best of their, albeit small, albeit weak, forces. They drank a full cup of grief, maybe too big for little man, because the beginning of the war coincided for them with the beginning of life ... How many of them were driven away to a foreign land ... How many were killed by the unborn ...

Hundreds of thousands of boys and girls during the Great Patriotic War went to the military registration and enlistment offices, added a year or two to themselves and left to defend their homeland, many died for it. The children of the war often suffered from it no less than the fighters at the front. Childhood trampled down by the war, suffering, hunger, death early made children adults, nurturing in them unchildish strength of mind, courage, ability to self-sacrifice, to a feat in the name of the Motherland, in the name of Victory. Children fought on an equal footing with adults both in the army and in partisan detachments. And these were not isolated cases. There were tens of thousands of such guys, according to Soviet sources, during the Great Patriotic War.

Target

Identification of the role of children during the Great Patriotic War, the degree of participation directly in hostilities, as well as the moral origins of their heroism. Expansion of the concept of the victory of the defenders of the Fatherland in the Great Patriotic War.

Tasks

1. Study in depth the theoretical material about the life of children during the Great Patriotic War.

2. Analyze this information.

3. Systematize information and write an abstract.

Relevance

Historically, love for the motherland, patriotism at all times in Russian state were a trait national character. But due to recent economic and political changes, the loss of traditional Russian patriotic consciousness by our society has become more and more noticeable. The education of patriotism in preschool children means the education of attachment to the small Motherland, understanding and recognition of the elements of historical and cultural heritage their country, which in the future becomes the basis for the formation of pride, love and respect for the Fatherland. Modern children have been separated in time from the direct participants in the Patriotic War for several generations. Each next generation knows less and less about the Second World War. Today, children comprehend social reality and values, including the price of human life and death, with the help of a "new language of culture" - a computer. Truth in language virtual reality for some reason, games of “catch and kill” are spreading most rapidly in everyday life. Some children almost daily kill someone in the virtual world, involuntarily getting used to assessing human life number of points scored Of course, the world of computer games is huge and each language has its own advantages and disadvantages. But computer game should not become more interesting for a small child than live communication with a close adult as a carrier and translator of living knowledge about the history of the Fatherland, about war and the value of peace. In solving this problem, today an important role should be assigned to preschool education, since it is in preschool age the basic moral qualities of the child are formed.

Khila, Shilkinsky district, Chita region. The family moved to the Arbagar mine, where there are coal mines. There were 4 children in the family. At the beginning of the war, a bomb shelter was built on the school grounds. In every street, behind the gardens, zigzag crevices were dug for shelters. Then I was 13 years old. I went to the 5th grade. Two guys from the 7th grade were drafted into the army.

One of them was killed, and the other returned disabled. Pupils were fed at school. They gave me a bowl of soup and 50 grams of bread. My father and brother worked in the mine. On cards, the children were given 400 grams of bread, and 1200 grams to the father. In 1942, a hospital was opened in Holbon. Collection of bed linen, mattresses, pillows has begun. The students put on concerts for them. Women and girls also sewed pouches, knitted socks and mittens and sent everything to the front. Whoever could - everyone helped the front. In 1942-43 at school, students collected money for a plane and a tank. As soon as the holidays began, we were sent to the state farm. They lived in a barn. First, for weeding bread, potatoes, vegetables, and then for harvesting, the guys older than 15-16 years old mowed. We girls knitted sheaves. There were no exits. Almost everyone's shoes were torn. They worked until the first of October, then classes at the school began. There were no notebooks, they wrote on old newspapers. waitress in the dining room. Worked without days off. She was also a dishwasher and cleaner. We carried lunch to the workers - we went down into the mine. We also went to the village for nettles. Soup was cooked from it for workers. My mother became very ill, and at the beginning of 1944, in the winter, I had to leave school and take care of the household. At the beginning of 1945, my mother died.

“I was born on July 1, 1928 in the village of Nizhnyaya Khila, Shilkinsky District, Chita Region. The family moved to the Arbagar mine, where there are coal mines. There were 4 children in the family. In 1941, when war was declared, our parents told us about it. We took it calmly, because we did not yet know the troubles. The blackout began immediately. In the summer, a bomb shelter was built on the school grounds. In every street, behind the vegetable gardens, zigzag gaps were dug for the shelters of the adult population. Then I was 13 years old. This autumn, we helped to harvest the crops in the ORS (department of workers' supply, under the mine administration). I went to 5th grade. The school was seven years old. Two guys from the 7th grade were drafted into the army. One of them was killed, and the other returned disabled. When there was a lot of rock with coal, we went to take it to the mine. This coal went to the collective farm. Pupils were fed at school (only those who studied) at the expense of the mine administration. They gave me a bowl of soup and 50 grams of bread. My father and brother worked in the mine, they had a reservation, my mother was engaged in housekeeping. The miners worked 12-16 hours a day. My brother and I provided our family with coal, straw and water. On cards, the children were given 400 grams of bread, and 1200 grams to the father. In 1942, a hospital was opened in Holbon, 7 kilometers from us. Collection of bed linen, mattresses, pillows has begun. The students put on concerts for them. Women and girls also sewed pouches, knitted socks and mittens and sent everything to the front. Whoever could - everyone helped the front. In 1942-43 the school raised money for a plane and a tank. In 1942, as soon as the holidays began, we were sent to the state farm. They lived in a barn. Then they were sent to the collective farm. First, for weeding bread, potatoes, vegetables, and then for harvesting, the guys older than 15-16 years old mowed. We girls knitted sheaves. They fed well. Washed in the river. There were no exits. In September, they tried to run away, but the foreman stopped us and brought us back. And they were going to run, because almost everyone's shoes were torn. They worked until the first of October, then classes at the school began. There were no notebooks, they wrote on old newspapers. In 1944 I was called to work as a waitress in a canteen. Worked without days off. She was also a dishwasher and cleaner. We carried lunch to the workers - we went down into the mine. We also went to the village for nettles. Soup was cooked from it for workers. I worked there all summer. In October I started 8th grade. My mother became very ill, and at the beginning of 1944, in the winter, I had to leave school and take care of the household. At the beginning of 1945, my mother died.

Municipal educational institution Davydovskaya secondary school MO "Nikolaev district" of the Ulyanovsk region

The Great Patriotic War

Research work on the topic: "Children of war "

Head: Paksevatkina Lyubov Nikolaevna, teacher of history and social studies

with. Davydovka, 2016

Introduction

Main section:

memories of children of war;

archival materials;

interviews with classmates;

Conclusion

List of used literature

Appendix.

Children of war and blows cold

Children of war and the smell of hunger

Children of war and hair on end:

On the bangs of children's gray stripes.

Introduction.

1. Relevance of the study. Every year, the events of the Great Patriotic War go further and further into history, and the memory again and again brings us back to the terrible events of 1941. The present can only be understood and appreciated by comparing it with the past. They are already gray-haired, these boys and girls who grew up and survived the military hard times of the Great Patriotic War. And the post-war period was harsh, and sometimes cruel. And while these people are alive, we must learn from them about their destinies and life path. . (slide)

We, who are alive now, need this, thanks to their work, self-sacrifice and great philanthropy. Therefore, my work "Children of War" is relevant. The war takes away childhood from boys and girls - real, sunny, with books and notebooks, laughter, games and holidays. By nature itself, by the conditions of existence of the human race, children are destined to live in peace!

2.Hypothesis. What is the difference between the life positions of children of the forties, sixties and today's youth. Not all schoolchildren know about the life history of the older generation, their terrible and cruel childhood, not everyone understands what life means without children's play, ringing laughter.

3. Purpose of the study: 1. To prove, using the example of the life of fellow villagers, that our military peers never knew real childhood, so our generation needs to learn

mercy, compassion and deep respect for the older generation, once again prove that it is more terrible words war there is nothing in the world.

2. Restore the connection between generations, revive the interest of young people in the history of their family, country, strengthen the spiritual and emotional connection between generations.

4. Object of study:

events of the Great Patriotic War on the territory of the village of Davydovka

Nikolaevsky region.

5.Subject of study:

living conditions for the children of my village and contribution to the fight against fascism.

6. Work tasks:

1. Study archival materials, fiction period of the Great Patriotic War;

2. Conduct a survey of veterans on the essence of the problem;

3. Tell about the life of children;

I will try to show on the example of real human destinies that family values, healthy lifestyle life, an active life position based on love, a patriotic attitude towards the Motherland, contributes to the harmonious development of a person, forms a responsible attitude to work, society, and the family.

In the course of the research work, the following methodology was used: a) a work plan was drawn up, b) conversations were held with veterans, c) a survey of classmates, fellow villagers; d) appropriate conclusions are drawn.

2. Main section:

A lot has been written about the Great Patriotic War: these are the memoirs of front-line soldiers, literary works, and statistical data. Created beautiful art and documentaries. But nothing can compare with the true memories of eyewitnesses of those distant events, when the voice breaks and tears in the eyes .

About the people who live next to us, about their destinies, about life in the pre-war and war years. (slides)

Here are their full names:

Aryutova (Eremeeva) Vera Stepanovna - 01/05/1942

Barbin Alexei Efimofich - 01/01/1941

Barbina (Gusarova) Pelageya Mikhailovna - 12/01/1941

Bazlin Vasily Pavlovich - 04/11/1940

Bazlina (Devyatkina) Valentina Vladimirovna - 11/19/1941

Bolonov Boris Ivanovich - born in 1935

Bolonov Vasily Vasilyevich - 07/18/1942

Bolonov Vasily Ivanovich - 01/12/1933

Bolonov Ivan Timofeevich - 07/05/1940

Bolonov Petr Fedorovich - born in 1938

Bolonov Mikhail Timofeevich - 11/28/1945

Bolonova (Tyurtyukova) Anna Stepanovna - 09/15/1936

Bolonova (Slugina) Anna Dmitrievna - 05/16/1940

Bolonova (Chichkina) Elizaveta Pavlovna - born in 1938

Bolonova (Ryskina) Serafima Ivanovna - 06/25/1939

Vidmanova (Saraeva) Maria Alekseevna - 05/08/1937

Guseva (Starkina) Olga Ivanovna - 07/08/1936

Gusarova (Yermoshkina) Tatyana Ivanovna - 03/04/1937

Devyatkin Grigory Fedorovich - 02/20/1937

Devyatkina (Lapshina) Galina Ivanovna - 07/01/1939

Devyatkina (Kindyashova) Valentina Akimovna - 07/14/1944

Dudayev Victor Semenovich - 03/08/1939

Dudayeva (Saraeva) Anna Gavrilovna - 02/05/1939

Zemtsov Ivan Yakovlevich - 02/01/1944

Zemtsov Nikolay Timofeevich - 04.12.1939

Igaev Nikolai Matveevich - 04/19/1945

Igaeva (Popova) Vera Serafimovna - 12/15/1943

Igaeva (Gobuzova) Olga Ivanovna - 04/09/1932

Kibitkina (Levashova) Maria Timofeevna - 10/05/1938

Koshkina (Syryseva) Nina Semyonovna - 01/08/1941

Koshkin Nikolai Nikolaevich - born in 1939

Kurkin Ivan Grigorievich - born in 1938

Kurkina (Krylova) Raisa Matveevna - 01/12/1940

Lemaev Alexey Timofeevich - 08/12/1938

Lemaeva (Nogaeva) Valentina Ivanovna - 08/22/1942

Lemaeva Maria Ivanovna - 08.12.1938

Lemaeva (Syryseva) Nina Semyonovna - 01/13/1936

Leshina (Koshkina) Elizaveta Petrovna - 11/12/1938

Matveev Gennady Grigorievich - 07/13/1943

Mochalkina (Tultaeva) Claudia Ivanovna - 06/05/1936

Mochalkin Ivan Vasilyevich - born in 1934

Marennikov Vyacheslav Ivanovich - 11/01/1939

Marennikova (Syundyukova) Nina Maksimovna - 09/28/1939

Osmanova (Savkina) Raisa Fedorovna - 07/27/1941

Pivtsaev Nikolay Petrovich - 06.04. born 1940

Pivtsaeva Valentina Dmitrievna - born in 1942

Prokhorova (Chichkina) Nina Pavlovna - 05/01/1944

Saraeva (Syryseva) Antonina Ivanovna - 05/07/1934

Syundyukov Nikolai Ivanovich - born in 1932

Syundyukov Ivan Maksimovich - 02/28/1934

Syudyukova (Devyatkina) Elena Vladimirovna - 06/13/1940

Syryseva (Naumova) Pelageya Semyonovna - 01/10/1932

Solodovnikova (Bolonova) Nina Ivanovna - 12/25/1932

Smetankina (Gorbunova) Evgenia Mikhailovna - 09/22/1932

Syryseva (Kelaseva) Elizaveta Kuzminichna - 03/14/1935

Syryseva Maria Nikolaevna - 11/14/1936

Syrysev Vasily Ivanovich - 07/30/1945

Syulaev Sergey Mikhailovich - 02/09/1941

Syulaeva (Chichkina) Maria Pavlovna -02.09. born 1940

Syulaeva (Solodovnikova) Raisa Semyonovna - 10/06/1940

Pivtsaev Ivan Grigorievich - 14.04. born 1940

Pivtsaeva (Shindina) Elizaveta Dmitrievna - 09/20/1941

Perkova Lidia Nikolaevna - 05/02/1942

Tarabaeva (Sidorova) Anna Vasilievna - 01/24/1942

Tarabaev Alexander Ivanovich - 01/20/1939

Tarabaeva (Tikhankina) Valentina Nikolaevna - 08/11/1942

Tarakanova (Bazlina) Valentina Sergeevna - 08/29/1938

Tultaev Ivan Ivanovich - 10/13/1938

Tultaeva (Vidmanova) Nina Mikhailovna -01/06/1941

Tultaeva (Rogozhkina) Antonina Fedorovna -05/03/1933

Tikhankina (Latysheva) Maria Alekseevna - 10/19/1942

Tikhankina (Kirdyanova) Praskovya Semyonovna - 04/07/1941

Tyurtyukov Victor Stepanovich - 12/19/1939

Chekmareva (Kibitkina) Anastasia Nikolaevna - 10/26/1940

Chekmareva (Kirdyanova) Elizaveta Ivanovna - born in 1940

Chernova (Kirdyanova) Anna Semyonovna - 04/30/1936

Chuvashov Yuri Mikhailovich - 04.10.1941

Chuvashova (Gorbunova) Elena Evdokimovna - 09/12/1940

Urazlin Alexey Sergeevich - 12/31/1938

Urazlina (Lapshina) Anna Nikiforovna - 09/05/1938

Urazlin Viktor Nikolaevich - born in 1939

Chuvashova Elena Evdokimovna - 09/12/1940

Schegolev Nikolay Pavlovich - 08/04/1943

From memories Bolonov Boris Ivanovich(1935 - 2009): (slide)

“I was born into a family of workers in Stalingrad. Mother Akseniya Stepanovna was a housewife, father Ivan Alekseevich worked as a steelworker. In 1939 the family moved to Davydovka. He studied at the Davydov Primary School, then at the Baranovskaya School. When the war started, I was 6 years old. It hurts to remember, again experiencing those distant events. Life was hard. We, small children, mainly grazed cattle, sometimes carried manure. There was hunger, there was no bread, they gathered frozen potatoes in the fields, cooked cabbage soup from quinoa, cereal soup was very rare. We walked in old rags, there were practically no shoes. During the war years, everyone worked in the name of victory over the enemy. We did not know what a summer vacation was, there were practically no holidays, since we had to help adults with the housework. Sometimes they didn't eat anything for several days. In winter, firewood was transported from the forest on sleds, the stove was heated and cakes were baked from oilcake. In 1953 he was drafted into the army and served as a tanker in Poland. All his life he worked as a tractor driver in the Nikolaev plant of building 7. materials. Behind high achievements in labor and many years of impeccable work at one enterprise in the organization of local industry, the Presidium of the Supreme Soviet of the USSR awarded the Order of Labor Glory 3rd degree. (slide). Died in 2009, buried in rural cemetery.

Memories Syundyukova Ivana Maksimovicha take me back to those terrible years of suffering and tears: (slide).“I was born on February 28, 1934 in the village of Davydovka. Graduated from Davydov Primary School. When the war started, I was 7 years old. He worked with his parents in the field, carried firewood from the forest, ate bread made from rotten potatoes. Houses were heated with straw. I constantly thought about food, bread, there were no shoes. God forbid anyone know what hunger is. In 1953 he was drafted into the army. After the service he returned to his native village. Married. For 43 years he worked as a tractor driver on a collective farm named after the 21st Congress of the CPSU. Drummer of the ninth, eleventh five-year plan, winner of the socialist competition in 1978. Received multiple awards from the Office Agriculture, valuable gifts. For the successes achieved in the All-Union Socialist Competition and the valor shown in the fulfillment of the obligations assumed to increase the production and sale of grain and other agricultural products in 1973, awarded the order "Badge of honor". Currently retired.

From memories Oftaeva Anna Parfenovna: (slide)“I was born in the village of Davydovka in a peasant family. In 1932 went to live in Moscow, there was bread, there was food. When the war began, and the enemy began to threaten the capital - Moscow, the evacuation of the population began. My parents returned in a freight car to their native village, to their old adobe dwelling. Finished 4th grade at Davydovskaya primary school, sat with the children of her older sister. At the age of 13, she began working on a collective farm: she plowed on horses and bulls, sowed, harvested crops, mowed grass, and dried hay. In the summer, they got up at 5 o'clock in the morning, and went to bed after midnight. She worked in logging, on peat bogs, carried firewood from the forest. In winter, they knitted socks, mittens, dried crackers and sent everything to the front. They themselves ate bread made from rotten potatoes. I learned about the victory sitting at home. It was spring, from the open window I heard the joyful cry of the neighbors: “The war is over - we won!” In 1949 she got married. Together with her husband, they raised 9 children (seven sons and two daughters). ). (slide) After the war, she worked as a cook in a collective farm canteen, a brick worker in a combine. building materials, worked as a stoker in a country club for 11 years. She retired in 1979. Now on a well-deserved rest. I am happy with my children, grandchildren, great-grandchildren. I have a lot of them, dispersed throughout the vast country ... " (slide)

The "children of war" include my grandparents: Pivtsaev Nikolai Petrovich and Pivtsaeva Valentina Dmitrievna. They were born in 1940, 1942. What can they remember, five-year-olds?! Here, in the village, there were no bombings, but there was hunger, cold and separation. The war unceremoniously invaded their childhood. Fathers and grandfathers went to the front, and mothers and grandmothers cried, worked and raised their children. They worked and not just cried, but “shouted”. Putting the children to bed, they sang military lullabies. Together with the elders, they gathered spikelets in the field, dug potatoes, beets; worked hard in gardens and yards. And all the time I wanted to eat, I wanted sugar and bread, but I had to chew bread with quinoa and soup with nettles. Children's memory erases everything terribly, but still I remember how they received letters from the front and cried with joy and grief. Missing in 1942, my great-grandfather Pivtsaev Pyotr Kuzmich . (slide) Grandpa finished 5th grade. There were four children in the family. He served in the army, worked on a collective farm, a building materials plant, was repeatedly awarded Certificates of Honor as the "Best Locksmith". Now on a well deserved break . (slide)

Archival materials.

From the "History of the Nikolaevsky District" I learned that schoolchildren were constantly connected with soldiers - front-line soldiers . (slide)... The Chkalov collective farm was one of the best in the Baranovsky district, where our village of Davydovka also belonged. Women, teenagers carried the heaviest burden on their shoulders, worked from dawn to dusk, on tractors, combines, harvested bread by hand, milked cows.

They tore off the last piece from themselves for half-starved children. It was very difficult for women and children during the war years. ... Links were created to collect ears of 11 students in grades 1-4. The newspaper "Stakhanovets" on September 9, 1943 wrote: "In the field, on each square meter, there are 4-5 ears of corn. The grains from 5 ears left on this meter of the harvested area in the country are quite enough to create a grain fund of 145 million poods.

To pick up everything in the fields to the last spikelet - it was the duty of the guys. Following the combines and simple machines in all areas of the collective farm, the ears were carefully raked up with horse and hand rakes, and also picked up by hand. In 1944, 2,860 children worked on the collective farm fields, who weeded 3,029 hectares of crops and prepared 85,000 pieces of brooms ...

From archival sources, I learned that during the war there were 3 orphanages in the district - B. Ozero, Akhmetley and Topornino.

Classmates interview. (slide)

To my question “What do you know about the war? How did children live during the war? my peers responded differently.

Daria B. Grade 9: “To be honest, I know little about the war, mostly from the stories of my grandmother. The period of the war, as she said, was the most difficult period of her entire life. It was always interesting for me to listen to her, because much of what she told is not given to us in history lessons. For example, I was surprised that people did not immediately believe that the war had begun. Many did not even suspect for several days what awaited them in the next 4 years. Even now, imagining it, involuntarily shudders.

Cyril S. Grade 9. : “I know about the war mainly from films. I love watching war movies. I am captivated by the atmosphere of the military era.

And the best way to experience it is to look at good film. "Battle for Moscow", "Saboteurs", "Penal Battalion" are my favorite films. And recently I watched the second part of "We are from the future." You know, I advise everyone to watch. It shows the life of that time so much. This film not only criticizes modern youth, but also calls to love, the place where we live - our Motherland.

Dmitry T. 11 class: “War is the biggest tragedy that brought pain to people. Woe. Tears. It claimed the lives of millions of people. For me, war is always associated with darkness, with black smoke, death, ruins, grief, destructive fire. Madness. It has been 70 years since that terrible fatal war, but memories still live in the hearts of veterans. There are very few people left who went through this, who saved our Motherland. And they need to be protected. And this is the main point"

4. Conclusion. In conclusion, I want to say that memory - great power, our story. By erasing the past, we erase the future. Each person keeps in memory some moment of his life, which seems to him a second birth. These memories are always associated with discoveries in oneself and in other people. The war lives in the soul of my countrymen with such memories, and they will never be able to forget it, just as they will not be able to forget that they were born once. (slide)

In my opinion, it is necessary to remember the history of one's people not only because memory preserves human dignity, but also in order to see the meaning of one's life, so as not to be lonely and helpless. (slide)

The memory of history is the self-affirmation of a person, therefore, even in a hundred years, schoolchildren will write with pride and excitement about their great-grandfather, who was a front-line soldier. The Great Patriotic War should not be forgotten, so that people remember that a person is capable of much, and would never lose faith in themselves ...

Everything that the generation of people of the war years endured is a feat, self-sacrifice in the name of Victory. Everyone - from the elderly, women, teenagers to children of the war years - acquired the right to be called war veterans.

The elders forged the Victory on the labor front, the children sacrificed their childhood, and with it the maternal caresses and the comfort of the hearth in the name of the defeat of Nazi Germany. In my research work, I learned a lot about the children of war, about what our great-grandmothers and great-grandfathers, grandparents, many of whom were still children at that time, had to endure during the war years. People whose childhood was stolen by the war still dream of that terrible time. The children of war are the most ordinary boys and girls. The time has come - they showed how huge a small child's heart can become when it contains love for the Motherland and hatred for its enemies.

We inherited incredible wealth from the heroes: a peaceful sky, joyful children's laughter, radiant smiles of women. After all, he who does not remember his heroic past has no future. And the war lives in the memory of the people. It shouldn't happen again, but it shouldn't be forgotten either. (slide)

Every year in our Davydovskaya high school An important role in military-patriotic education is played by months of mass defense and sports and recreational work, military sports relay races, holidays, Defender of the Fatherland Day, a torchlight procession, and a rally at the obelisk.

Last year, the Memorial project was completed under the guidance of history teacher Paksevatkina L.N. May 9, 2015 in honor of the 70th anniversary of the Victory in the Great Patriotic War, memorial plaques were opened with the names of war veterans in the villages of Davydovka, Gubashevo, Boldasyevo. (slide) 13.

We live in difficult times. And yet, in the soul of each of us, the ideal of the future society, to which mankind has always aspired, glimmers - a humane society, in which philanthropy, kindness, and mutual understanding will be the main laws. The development of the country depends on how strongly the rising generation is instilled with a sense of love for their relatives, for their people, for the Motherland, a sense of responsibility for the future. (slide)

… The war has passed, the suffering has passed,

But the pain cries out to people:

Come on people never

Let's not forget this…”

A. Tvardovsky

References:

1. Materials of the school museum of local lore.

2. Book of Memory. Nikolaevsky district

3. Internet resources

4. Publication of the project on the site "InfoUrok"

Appendix 1.

Oftaeva Anna Parfenovna (awards)