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How to learn Greek language yourself. Learning the Greek language from scratch! How it all began

Like Latin, Greek is considered an ancient language, but still used by scientists. However, unlike Latin, Greek language - alive, continues (truth in a modified form) official language in Greece. Having studied Greek, you can read the original works of Plato, Lukian, Xenophone, Hippocratic, Homer, as well as the New Testament. Moreover, after you learn Greek, you will learn how to understand many european languagesbecause Many words were borrowed from Greek. This article can serve as a guide. for beginners learn greek language.

Steps

Learn each letter. Here they are: (right to left, Greek letter, title and lowercase, title in Greek, equivalent name in Russian, pronunciation, Russian compliance):

Α α - ἄλφα ............ .. alpha ................ a
Β β - ῆῆτα ............... beta / vita / ......... b,
Γ γ - Γάμμα ............... gamma ............... .. g,
Δ δ - Δέλτα ................................. D,
Ε ε - ἒἒιΛόό ............... Epsilon .... ...... e,
Ζ ζ - ῆῆτα .................. Zeta ...... .. ..........z,
Η η - ἦτα .................. this .......... ...... ..E,
Θ θ - θῆτα ................ Theta .......
Ι ι - ἰῶτα ................ Iota ......... .. ... and
Κ κ - κάππα ............. Kappa……. …….to,
Λ λ - λάμβδα ..........lalate ... .. ......l,
Μ μ - ῦῦ .................mu ............... .. m,
Ν ν - νῦ .................. nu ..................n,
Ξ ξ - ξῖ .................. .. xs ............. .....X,
Ο ο - ὂμικρόν ..........Omikron ...... ..o,
Π π - πι .................. pi ......... ............
Ρ ρ - ῥῶ ................ RO ............ .. ...... ...
Σσς - σῖγμα ........................ with,
Τ τ - ταῦ ............ .. tau ............ .. ... ... ...
Υ υ - ὖὖιΛόό .......... Visil ... .. (as in french u.)
Φ φ - φῖ ............ Fi .................. f,
Χ χ - ῖῖ ............. Chi ......... ...........
Ψ ψ - ψῖ ......... .. Psi ......... .. ... PS,
Ω ω - ὦμέγα ...... .omega ............ .o,

  • Note. Gammma, γ , pronounced as n. In front of the letters γ, κ, χ, ξ. For example, σαλπιγξ - Salpinx (Eustachiev Pipe).
  • Greek difong (two letters that are pronounced as one sound):
    • αι as hey In the word "hey".
    • ει as hey In the word "hey".
    • οι as oh In the word "oh".
    • αυ as aU in english Word "COW".
    • ευ as yu In the word "blizzard".
    • ου as w. In the word "bow".
    • υι as in and In the word "kind".

Ski signs: A sign above each vowel letter, from which the word begins (or the second vowel in Diftenh). Solid breathing 'over vowels read as h.For example, "ὁ" is pronounced as "ho". Weak probes indicates that the vowel is pronounced without sound solid.

Fixing iota icon: The small icon ι can accompany the letters α, η, ω if the word ends on one of these letters. This is a trail of ancient difthong and not pronounced, but his writing is necessarily.

Declining. IN greek Three decons: the first, second and third. Each noun is inclined by cases and numbers (as well as in Russian). Adjectives are inclined like a noun, consistent with them in childbirth, among the case.

  • For example, the word λογος ("word") will be inclined as follows:
    • Maldly case, units: λογος
    • Essential case, units: λογε
    • Accusative case, units: λογον
    • PEITIVE PADEEZH, ED.: Λογου
    • Conductive case, units: λογῳ
    • Maldly case, MN.: Λογοι
    • Quantifying case, Mn.ch.: Mλογοι
    • Accusative case, etc.: λογοςς
    • PEITIVE PADEEZH, MN. H: λογῳν
    • Conductive case, MN.ch.: Λογοις

Prepositions. Prepositions require the use of nouns in a certain case (management). For example, the απο pretext ("from") requires the use of noun in the parental case. The pretext of εν ("B, on") requires the use of a duty case.

Conjugation. The verb table is usually located at the end of the Greek language tutorials: learn the table. "Present" and "imperfect" times indicate the duration or repeatability of the action. The Aorist denotes a simple, indefinite effect. The verb can be in an active, medium or passive pledge and inclined accordingly. Moreover, the verb is hidden in accordance with the context, i.e. In the zealous, imperative, conditional, desired inclination.

  • For example, in the present refiability, an active pledge λεγω ("I say") will look like this:
    • 1st unit: λεγω "I say"
    • 2nd units: λεγεις "You say"
    • 3rd units: λεγει "He says"
    • 1st MN.: Λεγομεν "We are talking"
    • 2nd No.: Λεγετε "You say"
    • 3rd MN.: Λεγουσι "They say"

Conjugation wrong verbs . They need to be memorable in practice.

New learned words should be repeated periodically. Make a habit for yourself to repeat regularly list of learned words before learning the following. Better little to teach every day, than to learn a lot once a week.

Try to speak Greek in communicating with carriers. Work out the skills of speech will help you listen to and uttering records with speech speech spoken Greek.

  • Remove greek Language Manual And actively read it. It is possible that for the expansion of knowledge you will need not one textbook.
  • Remove a good Greek-Russian dictionary for finding unfamiliar words.

Excerpt from Sinai Codewhich is considered the most ancient famous Bible from the First Apostolic Message of John. We read the red text (I John Art. 7-8): "And three testify on Earth: spirit, water and blood ..".

Start reading Greek texts after you finish at least one manual for Greek language. Better to start S. New Testamentin which enough simple words and phrases, and the content may be already familiar to the Russian translation. However, since the content New Testament Already familiar, his reading will not require special knowledge of Greek. After that, you need to go to reading other light texts, the content of which you are unfamiliar. Xenophon and Lucian will be a good choice. Apology (Socrates) Plato will also be a good reading allowance: if you can, then find a book with a parallel translation for easy reading.

  • Note. All early manuscripts in Greek, such as Sinai Codewritten by capital letters. The lowercase letters were invented later to facilitate writing.

Note

  • Spoken Greek language better training with a native speakerthan alone, relying on your own rules. On the other hand, to read and understand the knowledge of all nuances of pronunciation is not necessary.

You need

  • Greek Languages \u200b\u200b/ Textbooks
  • Texts in Greek (New Testament)
  • Very useful site for those who study Greek: (True on english language) http://www.loecsen.com/travel /-0-67-2-57-free-nessons-greek.html
  • We study the Greek alphabet (video): http://www.youtube.com/watch?v\u003doavpyd6ahrc

When you move to another country, the study of a foreign language is easy to study, and, even recently someone else's speech, quickly becomes native. But, if you have already turned 18 and special abilities to languages \u200b\u200byou do not possess (namely it was in my case), then the study of a foreign language can become a difficult task, especially if you need to teach Greek ...

Today I want to tell how the Greek language learned, perhaps my experience would come in handy to someone and will help in a difficult moment (yes, I even rushed with notebooks, in full confidence that Greek is practically Chinese, and they never seize them).

How it all began.

Moving to Greece was not a spontaneous solution: I knew in advance that, one way or another, before in this wonderful country. Therefore, I decided to prepare for moving to start with the study of Greek. And then there was a problem: I don't know how now, but another 7 years ago in Belarus simply did not have tutors or greek courses. I had to start learning the language yourself. Among the means available to me there were few lessons of language on the Internet and several textbooks of the Greek language. ABOUT best books To explore the Greek language, I wrote. Whether it is surprised that by the time of the move, I mastered only the alphabet and several elementary grammatical structures.

"Jasa Malaka".


My integration into the linguistic environment began with the building of the Athens airport, where I heard and learned my first two words in Greek. "Language carriers" uttered these words so often that sin was not remembered. Guess what popular Greek words this is speech? Of course, "Yasu" is a Greek greeting / farewell and "Malaka" - (EEE, how to translate so much to be expressed). The word "Malaka" in Greece has a kind of magical, almost sacred meaning.) Word, initially meaning cursing, the Greeks managed to give a completely ordinary meaning and comfortably use it in the company of friends or at work, to describe emotions or giving the characteristics of things and events. And no one is offended by anyone. But I would not advise to immigrants to use it at least in the first pairs.

From the ship on the ball.

Naturally, with the knowledge of the alphabet and already the whole 2 words in Greek, my journey could only lie in the group A (for beginners) of the philosophiks of the Schcoli of the University of Athens.

How exactly to study the language: independently or on courses, everyone chooses based on their preferences and opportunities, but I was just vital () a diploma for the knowledge of the Greek language, so my choice was predetermined.

On the courses, we often repeated the phrase, the meaning and the right of which I understood only some time later: "If you know the grammar of the Greek language - everything else will be applied." At that time I did not categorically agree with this statement. The years of learning English were affected: taught, taught in school grammar, and a sense? I started to talk freely and communicate in English only when I got into the language environment, and there was no one who understood anyone in Russian. You want, you don't want to - speak. At school, I, like other guys from class, could not be clearly associated with each other and several phrases in English, despite the long hours spent behind the "combaling" of the rules of grammar. Therefore, I didn't believe in Greece to teachers, and grammar taught solely because of the grammatical test included in the upcoming exam.

As the time has shown, the teachers were right. When you are in the language environment (and not outside it, as in the case of school English), the knowledge of grammatical subtleties helps a lot. After a year, I spoke in Greek better than some foreigners who lived in Greece not one dozen years. And all because having even a small vocabularyBut a good grammatical base, I clearly understood the "formula": how, what and why you need to talk.

Thorny path.

If we talk about the process of studying Greek - it was very difficult. The time of the exam was rapidly approaching, and knowledge and skills were copied very slowly.

Five days a week I attended the courses, I did a huge homework for hours, taught words. The clock was ticked, the deadlines were pressed, and at some point, bad thoughts were filmed in the head: I "this" will never learn, I do not understand anything, and in general, I probably, I am a fool is not a very capable student. If you "do not press" time and there is no definite fixed term, the day "x", to which you need to know everything, then the study of the Greek language will be much easier and more pleasant. If there is no time, then you will have to collect all the forces in the fist and "tool" further.

At some point, when my vocabulary expanded significantly, and in grammar I was already focused on how fish in the water - all the pieces of puzzle were formed in a single whole. Everything somehow suddenly quickly went easy, very easy. I began to understand the conversational speech, talking on Greek herself, read - all this began to be given without much effort, as something lost. From here I made an important conclusion: the main thing is when you just start learning the Greek, overcome yourself and not looking at the fact that much does not turn out that you do not understand something - just continue. And at some point when you have a "skeleton of a language" in your head, all subsequent knowledge will come themselves, without much effort on your part.

What helped me.

Undoubtedly, being in the language environment, the language to learn is much easier. But, even in Greece, many foreigners manage to stretch this process for decades. I want to give a few recommendations that helped me and my friends faster to learn the Greek language.

No Russian channels! Especially at the beginning of the study of Greek, Russian television must be under the strictest prohibition. I have one friend who lived in Greece for 15 years and with difficulty able to associate 2-3 words in Greek. And if it were not for her love for transmissions and films in Russian, everything could work out otherwise.

See Greek series and foreign films with titers in Greek. For me, this item was one of the most difficult, since I don't like the series at all, and the Greek especially. But, the Greek series is the key to understanding. spoken Speech, so I had to look. If the serials contribute to the development of speech skill on rumor, then films with Greek titers will enrich the vocabulary and help to make less orphographic errors in writing.

Greek songs. To be honest, I do not agree with the fact that listening to the songs, you will begin to understand the oral speech faster. I will explain why: to get into the notes (and indeed the melody requires) the singer is forced somewhere to pull the words, but somewhere to "eat" them parts. For a song, it is permissible for life - no. So it turns out that the series Il radio is much more efficient. This is only my point of view, many argue that they learned the Greek language precisely thanks to songs.

Read. Read as much as possible, try to find the type of literature that you like: It can be Greek myths, children's fairy tales, fiction, mod logs and even just pointers on the roads. The more you read, the faster your vocabulary will be replenished.

Ask. Feel free to ask what the word unknown you mean. Ask friends to specify you on your mistakes in speech. The fact is that when a foreigner loudly learned the Greek language and begins to talk with mistakes, it is corrected, but exactly the first half an hour. Then the Greeks begin to understand your speech even errors, get used to you understand and so, and cease to point out errors. What happens next: making one and the same mistake 3-4 times the foreigner begins to think that since it is not corrected, it means that he says correctly, and the word with the error "crashes" in memory as a true version. It turns over it is very difficult.

Try to refuse to communicate in English. I know on my own example, that sometimes it is very difficult to do. Especially when I want to quickly convey my thought before the interlocutor, and there is still not enough vocabulary in Greek. It turns out that I am much easier to tell the phrase in English and faster than "strain" the brain and learn the word in Greek from the bins. As a result: the study of Greek will delay indefinitely.

The study of the Greek language requires patience and amplitude. Looking for the first time in the Greek "hieroglyphs" it is difficult to imagine how this language can be rhythmic and melodic. I remember my first impression when the textbook was opened: neither Cyrillic nor Latin is not clear what. And when he began to learn and broke the tongue on unusual height of strokes ... It was precisely such thoughts to write a post about the first difficulties of people encountered with the study of Greek.

I will not sin and I will say frankly, this post wrote not alone. Everyone has their own difficulties, and I asked Anya - - to tell about the most systemic mistakes. So, in essence, retell.

So, the complexity of beginners when studying the Greek can be "put on several whales": writing and rules of reading, personal pronouns and verb-bunch "be", as well as case. And now all this is a little more detailed.

In Greek writing and the rules of reading, the main difficulty is laid in their difference from Cyrillic close to us or universally studied English. Due to the fact that the brain at the first contact with the new is trying to refer to the previously studied material, students are often confused by the Greek ν (NU) and ρ (RO) with visually identical English V and p.

Spelling also causes certain difficulties: for example, there are 6 in Greek !!! Different letters and letters for symboling sound "and", similar situation, also with the sounds of "E" and "O".

But, as a rule, difficulties in reading are quickly overcome, and in the third lesson, the average student reads fluently. With spelling, due to the above reasons, things are more complicated, since the writing of many words you just need to get off.

The second common complexity is personal pronouns and verb-bunch of "be". Although students are often "stuck" at this stage, with practice, it also successfully overcomes. Emphasize that the relevant rules are simple - they simply differ from Russian and English due to the fact that Greek belongs to another language group. And the point here is not difficult, but in elementary practice.

The third main "stupor" - case. Studying Greek cases, you begin to understand how difficult it is to engage in the study of Russian. But still the Greek cases are easier than Russians - not counting the challenge, there are only three of them.

The main point in cases is the change in endings and stress. And if with the first students they cope quite easily and quickly, the second comes a little later with systematic practice. The greatest number of complaints is associated with a genitive case, since it occurs in it as a change in the end and the ogin of stress. However, as practice shows, several days of perseverance, and this "proud node" is also possible to eliminate.

The verb itself is uncomplicated, but when it is studied, it is important to feel the rhythm. This is especially important when changing the verbs time, when, as in the previous case, accepted accents.

If you add the nuances of the passive pledge here, it becomes clear that it will not be easy to mask this topic without adopting. But there is a good way out: the verb can be taught immediately in all forms (in time and by persons). This not only helps better focus on the future and grab the feeling of rhythm, but also contributes to a more rapid replenishment of the vocabulary stock.

Thus, the study of Greek has its own nuances. However, they follow not from the complexity of the tongue or the presence of some special designs, but from his differences from the usual Russian and English.

The Council of the teacher is not desirable at the first difficulties and not to retreat. In many moments, Greek is much easier than it seems at first glance. Just need to be patient, work out your approach and everything will work out.

Lesson-1: After the first lesson, you will learn to greet it in Greek (say "Hello!", "Good morning!", "Good day!", " good evening! "); Learn to speak Greek "Coffee" and "Tea"; can say "please"; Learn to ask for a Greek. After the first lesson of the Greek language for beginners, you will know 8 new words.
Lesson-2: In this lesson you will learn to speak Greek "Menu", "Account", "and"; learn how to ask the waiter to bring you anything; Learn to say "Goodbye"; You can say in Greek "Thank you."
After two lessons, your vocabulary will be 14 words.
Lesson-3: In this lesson, you will learn how to ask anyone "Would you like?", Learn to speak Greek "We would like," learn the new words "Lemon", "Sugar", "Milk", learn, How to say "Tea with Lemon", "Coffee without milk", etc., Armit the Union "or". Your vocabulary - 21 word.
Lesson-4: After the 4th lesson, you will learn how to say in Greek "I'm going to ...", "I'm flying in ..."; Learn to speak Greek "Moscow", "Athens", "Crete"; learn how will be in Greek "flight"; Can you ask the interlocutor "Where are you going?", "Where do you fly?" By the end of the lesson you will know 29 new words.
Lesson-5: In this lesson you will learn how to say in Greek "place" (on an airplane, train, etc.); Learn to say "the window at the window", "a place at the passage"; Learn how to apologize in Greek. After five lessons of the Greek language for beginners, you will know already 33 new words.
Lesson-6: In this lesson we will study the phrase "This (this one) is" and "This (this one) is not there"; Next, you will learn how in Greek will be "two"; Learn to speak Greek "beer" and "bottle". After this lesson you will know already 42 new words.
Lesson-7: In this lesson you will learn how in Greek there will be a "ticket"; You can say "I want to buy" and "We want to buy"; Learn to ask in Greek "How much does it cost?". After seven lessons of the Greek language for beginners, you will know already 46 new words.
Lesson-8: In this lesson, you will learn how in Greek will be "water", "wine", "glass", "juice"; You can say "you want to buy"; Learn to speak Greek "Yes" and "No"; You can ask a question with the word "what". Your vocabulary after this lesson - 54 words.
Lesson-9: After the 9th lesson, you will learn how to speak Greek "mine", "yours." Learn to ask a question with the word "where". Around the phrases with the words "baggage", "here", "I can get." After the nine lessons of the Greek language for beginners, you will know already 60 words.
Lesson-10: In this lesson, you will learn how in Greek there will be a "taxi parking", "bus stop". You can ask the ticket one way or back. After the lesson you will know 65 new words.
Lesson-11: In this lesson, you will learn to speak Greek "I know", "we know", "I don't know," "We do not know." You can ask the interlocutor "Do you know?". After the lesson you will know already 70 new words.
Lesson-12: Passing a lesson, you can ask the interlocutor how to get through / drive to the city center, you will be able to find out where the pharmacy is, the tavern, the hotel. You can ask to show you where these objects are located. You will know 78 words.
Lesson-13: The theme of this lesson "in the tavern". In this lesson you will learn to call in Greek popular dishes, you can ask if a certain dish is available. After 13 lessons of the Greek language for beginners, you will know 87 new words.
Lesson-14: In this lesson, we will study phrases associated with the settlement in the hotel. You can in Greek Book a single / double room for one or two days. After this lesson you will know already 94 new words.

Lesson-15: In this lesson, we will continue to study the hotels-related phrases. You will learn how in Greek will be "room with breakfast." You can say that the room does not work TV, telephone, Wi-Fi. You will know how to ask the Wi-Fi password. You can learn what is the checkout hour from the hotel. After the 15th lesson of the Greek language for beginners, you will know 102 new words.

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The subjects of lessons are perfect for training for traveling to Greece (the topic of all lessons: "Greek for tourists and travelers").