Coursework: Adaptation as a process and result of an individual tool to the environment. Social adaptation - as a category of social pedagogy The process of active adaptation of an individual to

Ministry of Education of the Republic of Belarus

Education Education Brestsky state University named after A.S. Pushkin

Social and Pedagogical Faculty

Department of Socio-Medical Disciplines

Course work

Topic: adaptation as a process and result of an individual tool to the environment

Introduction

Relevance term paper. The problem of adaptation of a person for a long time applies to the number of fundamental scientific knowledge in many areas. Adaptation is one of the very real ways to preserve the viability of a person not only in a modern rapidly changing world, but also in the future.

The inclusion of adaptation to the circle of important problems is defined by both the real requirements of life and the logic of the development of scientific knowledge. Contemporary social Science, actively and largely included in the solution of the tasks relevant to society, faces the need to understand changes in human behavior. The disclosure of adaptation mechanisms gives the key to understanding new forms of human relations with society, nature and with himself, to predict the dynamics of behavior.

Today to figure out the essence of adaptation, see its uniqueness among other ways of human existence is quite difficult. Difficulties arise primarily due to the lack of general landmarks to describe and explain the adaptation processes.

The predominant orientation on the signs of the environment led to the emergence of social, professional, climatic, school, university, etc. adaptation. Orientation on the level of the human organization - to socio-psychological, mental, psychophysiological, physiological adaptation. Consideration of a number of concept provisions, as well as a long experience in studying the possibilities of human activity in different environments, convinces that a rather reliable reference point for explaining adaptation processes is contained in the personality of a person. In all its complex organization of properties and qualities, in all the variety of its interaction with the surrounding reality, in its correlation with concrete historical period The development of society was the main internal adaptation regulator in changing social, cultural, objective and technological and natural conditions.

purposethe course work is shown to examine the behavior of the person as a subject of adaptation when interacting with the environment.

Object -the process of adaptation of the individual.

Thing− Changing environment.

In accordance with the purpose of the course work, the following were solved tasks:

1. To summarize the idea of \u200b\u200badaptation as a unique form of human interaction with a changing environment.

2. Remove the content of the concept of "medium".

3. To identify the social adaptation strategy that provides viability in the changing conditions of existence.

1. Social adaptation as a person's socialization mechanism

The concept of "adaptation" (from lat. Adaptation) is used currently in many areas of knowledge - biology, philosophy, sociology, social psychology, ethics, pedagogy, etc. Essentially, the study of this problem is at the junction of various branches of knowledge and is the most important, promising approach in the complex study of man.

In the literature, adaptation is considered in a wide and narrow sense of the word.

In a wide, philosophical, aspect under adaptation, they understand "... any interaction between the individual and the environment in which their structures, functions and behaviors are coordinated." In the works performed in this aspect, the adaptation is considered as a way of communicating personality and macrosocyum, emphasizes the change of the public position of a person, the acquisition of a new social role, i.e. Adaptation correlates with socialization.

Adaptation in a narrow, socio-psychological, meaning is considered as a relationship between the person with a small group, most often - production or student. That is, the process of adaptation is understood as the process of personality entry into a small group, assimilating the established rules, relations, the occupation of a certain place in the structure of relations between its members.

The features of the study of adaptation are that, firstly, the relationship of individual and society is considered as mediated by small groups, a member of which is an individual, and secondly, the small group itself becomes one of the parties involved in adaptive interaction, forming a new social environment - The sphere of the nearest environment to which a person adapts.

When studying adaptation is one of the most actual questions It is the question of the relationship of adaptation and socialization. The processes of socialization and social adaptation are closely interrelated, as they reflect the unified process of interaction between the individual and society. Often socialization is associated only with general Development, and adaptation - with adaptive processes of the already formed personality in the new conditions of communication and activities. The socialization phenomenon is defined as the process and the result of active reproduction by an individual of social experience implemented in communication and activities. The concept of socialization is more relevant to the social experience, development and development of a person under the influence of society, institutions and socialization agents. In the process of socialization, the mechanisms of personality interaction with the medium are formed.

Thus, in the course of socialization, a person acts as an object that is perceived by accepting, learning traditions, norms, roles created by society. Socialization, in turn, ensures the normal functioning of the individual in society.

During the socialization, the development and formation of the individual is being developed, at the same time socialization of the individual is a prerequisite for the adaptation of the individual in society. Social adaptation is one of their main socialization mechanisms, one of the ways of more complete socialization.

Social adaptation is:

Constant process of active adaptation of the individual to the conditions of the new social environment;

The result of this process.

Social adaptation is an integrative indicator of a person's state, reflecting its ability to perform certain biosocial features, namely:

· Adequate perception of the surrounding reality and its own organism;

· Adequate system of relationships and communicating with others;

· Ability to work, learning, to leisure and leisure organization;

· Variability (adaptability) of behavior in accordance with the roles of others.

In the course of social adaptation, not only the adaptation of the individual to the new social conditions, but also the realization of its needs, interests and aspirations. The personality enters the new social environment, becomes its full member, self-afforded and develops its individuality. As a result of social adaptation, social quality of communication, behavior and subject activity adopted in society, thanks to which the personality implements their aspirations, needs, interests and can self-subsertainment.

Social adaptation is the process of active adaptation of a person to the changed environment with the help of various social funds. The main method of social adaptation is the adoption of the norms and values \u200b\u200bof the new social environment (group, team, the organization, the region, which includes individuals), which have developed here for the forms of social interaction (formal and informal connections, the style of management, family and neighborhood relations, etc. ), as well as forms and methods of objective activities (for example, methods of professional performance of or family responsibilities).

A.G. Kowalev distinguishes two forms of social adaptation: active when the individual seeks to influence Wednesday to change it (including those norms, values, the forms of interaction, which he must master), and passive when he does not seek such an impact and change. An indicator of successful social adaptation is the high social status of the individual in this environment, as well as its satisfaction with this environment as a whole (for example, satisfaction with the work and its conditions, remuneration, organization, etc.). The low social adaptation indicator is the movement of the individual to another social environment (fluidity of frames, migration, etc.) or deviating behavior.

According to I. A. Georgiev, the development of the mechanisms of social adaptation, its essence, is active human activity, the key point of which is the need for a conversion of substantial social reality. Therefore, the process of the formation of the mechanisms of social adaptation of the individual inseparable from all types of transformations of individuals and takes place in three main phases: activities, communication, self-aware characterizing it social essence. .

Social activities are a leading and specific mechanism in organizing a person's adaptation. These components are important as communication, a game, teaching, work, carrying out full-fledged inclusion, active adaptation of the individual to the social environment. The very mechanism of adaptation in social activity of the individual has the pattern of stages:

The need of an individual

Needs,

Decision making motives

Implementation and summarization,

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Ministry of Education of the Republic of Belarus

Education Education Brest State University named after A.S. Pushkin

Social and Pedagogical Faculty

Department of Socio-Medical Disciplines

Course work

Topic: adaptation as a process and result of an individual tool to the environment

INmaintenance

The relevance of the course work. The problem of adaptation of a person for a long time applies to the number of fundamental scientific knowledge in many areas. Adaptation is one of the very real ways to preserve the viability of a person not only in a modern rapidly changing world, but also in the future.

The inclusion of adaptation to the circle of important problems is defined by both the real requirements of life and the logic of the development of scientific knowledge. Modern social science, actively and largely incorporated into the solution of the ultimate tasks for society, faces the need to understand changes in human behavior. The disclosure of adaptation mechanisms gives the key to understanding new forms of human relations with society, nature and with himself, to predict the dynamics of behavior.

The predominant orientation on the signs of the environment led to the emergence of social, professional, climatic, school, university, etc. adaptation. Orientation on the level of the human organization? to socio-psychological, mental, psychophysiological, physiological adaptation. Consideration of a number of concept provisions, as well as a long experience in studying the possibilities of human activity in different environments, convinces that a rather reliable reference point for explaining adaptation processes is contained in the personality of a person. In its entire complex organization of properties and qualities, in all the diversity of its interaction with the environment, in its correlation with a specific historical period of development of society, the main internal adaptation regulator in changing social, cultural, subject-processing and natural conditions was concluded.

purposethe course work is shown to examine the behavior of the person as a subject of adaptation when interacting with the environment.

An object?the process of adaptation of the individual.

Thing? Changing environment.

In accordance with the purpose of the course work, the following were solved tasks:

1. To summarize the idea of \u200b\u200badaptation as a unique form of human interaction with a changing environment.

2. Remove the content of the concept of "medium".

3. To identify the social adaptation strategy that provides viability in the changing conditions of existence.

1. FROMoral adaptation as a person's socialization mechanism

The concept of "adaptation" (from lat. Device) is used now in many areas of knowledge? biology, philosophy, sociology, social psychology, ethics, pedagogy, etc. Essentially, the study of this problem is at the junction of various branches of knowledge and is the most important, promising approach in the complex study of a person.

In the literature, adaptation is considered in a wide and narrow sense of the word.

When studying adaptation, one of the most pressing issues is the question of the relationship of adaptation and socialization. The processes of socialization and social adaptation are closely interrelated, as they reflect the unified process of interaction between the individual and society. Often, socialization is associated only with general development, and adaptation - with adaptive processes of an already formed personality in new conditions of communication and activities. The socialization phenomenon is defined as the process and the result of active reproduction by an individual of social experience implemented in communication and activities. The concept of socialization is more relevant to the social experience, development and development of a person under the influence of society, institutions and socialization agents. In the process of socialization, the mechanisms of personality interaction with the medium are formed.

Social adaptation is:

Constant process of active adaptation of the individual to the conditions of the new social environment;

The result of this process.

Social adaptation is an integrative indicator of a person's state, reflecting its ability to perform certain biosocial features, namely:

· Adequate perception of the surrounding reality and its own organism;

· Adequate system of relationships and communicating with others;

· Ability to work, learning, to leisure and leisure organization;

· Variability (adaptability) of behavior in accordance with the roles of others.

During the social adaptation, not only the adaptation of the individual to new social conditions is carried out, but also the implementation of its needs, interests and aspirations. The personality enters the new social environment, becomes its full member, self-afforded and develops its individuality. As a result of social adaptation, social quality of communication, behavior and subject activity adopted in society, thanks to which the personality implements their aspirations, needs, interests and can self-subsertainment.

According to I. A. Georgiev, the development of the mechanisms of social adaptation, its essence, is active human activity, the key point of which is the need for a conversion of substantial social reality. Therefore, the process of the formation of the mechanisms of social adaptation of the individual is inseparable from all types of transformations of individuals and takes place in the three main phases: activities, communication, self-aware characterizing its social essence. .

The need of an individual

Needs,

Decision making motives

Implementation and summarization,

Social communication is the most important mechanism for the social adaptation of a person who sends and expands the range of assimilation of social values \u200b\u200bupon contact with other individuals, social groups.

Social identity identity is the mechanism of social adaptation of the person, in which the formation and understanding of its social affiliation and role is carried out.

According to I. A. Georgieva, there are also such mechanisms of social adaptation of the personality, as:

1. Cognitive, including all mental processesrelated to knowledge: sensations, perception, presentation, memory, thinking, imagination, etc.

2. Emotional, which includes various moral feelings and emotional states: anxiety, concern, sympathy, condemnation, anxiety, etc.

3. Practical (behavioral) offering a certain directional human activity in social practice. In general, all these mechanisms of social adaptation of the individual constitute complete unity.

At the heart of the social adaptation of the individual lies an active or passive device, interaction with the existing social environment, as well as the ability to change and qualitatively transform the identity of a person.

The process of social adaptation is concrete-historical, which in different ways affects the personality or pushes it to a certain choice of mechanisms of action in a given context of time.

Research D. Volkov and N. B. Okowskaya show that the process of social adaptation must be considered on three levels:

1. Societies (Macroshed) - this level allows you to allocate the process of social adaptation of the individual in the context of socio-economic, political and spiritual development of society.

2. Social group (microsudes) - the study of this process will help to make the causes, incomprehension of the interests of the individual with the social group (labor collective, family, etc.).

3. Individual (intrapersonal adaptation) - the desire to achieve harmony, balance internal position And her self-esteem from the position of other individuals.

An analysis of the literature showed that the unified classification of social adaptation is absent. This is explained by the fact that a person is included in a wide system of professional, business, interpersonal, social relationshipwhich allow it to be adapted in this society. Social adaptation system includes different types of adaptive processes:

Production and professional adaptation;

Household (solves various aspects in the formation of certain skills, installations, habits aimed at the schedule, traditions, existing relations between people in the team, in the group outline with the sphere of production activities);

Leisure (implies the formation of installations, abilities to the satisfaction of aesthetic experiences, the desire to maintain health, physical improvement);

Political and economic;

Adaptation to the forms of public consciousness (science, religion, art, morality and other);

To nature, etc.

According to G. D. Volkov, N. B. Okayskaya all kinds of adaptation are interconnected, but the dominant is social. Complete social adaptation of a person includes:

Managerial,

Economic

Pedagogical

Psychological

Professional

Production adaptation.

Consider more listed types of social adaptation.

Management (organizational) adaptation. Without control, it is impossible to provide a person to a person (at work, in everyday life), create prerequisites for the development of his social role, influence it, to provide activities that meet the interests of society and personality.

Economic Adaptation ? This is the most complicated process of mastering new socio-economic norms and the principles of economic relations of individuals, subjects. For social work technology, the so-called "social block" is important here, including adapting to the real social reality of unemployment benefits, wage, pensions and benefits. They must respond not only by the physiological, but also the sociocultural needs of a person.

Pedagogical adaptation ? This is an adaptation to the education system, learning and education, which form a system of value indicators of the individual.

Psychological Adaptation. In psychology, adaptation is considered as the process of adapting the senses to the peculiarities of the stimulus acting on them in order to better perceive and prevent receptors from excessive load.

Professional adaptation? This is an adaptation of an individual to a new type of professional activity, a new social environment, working conditions and the peculiarities of a specific specialty.

Production adaptation? Labor activity, initiative, competence and independence, professional qualities are improved.

Thus, social adaptation implies methods of adaptation, regulation, harmonization of the interaction of an individual with the medium. In the process of social adaptation, a person acts as an active entity that adapts to the serm in accordance with its needs, interests, aspirations and is actively self-determined. There are mechanisms for social adaptation of the individual, the process of forming which is inseparable from all types of transformations of individuals, such as: activities, communication and self-consciousness. The essence of the mechanisms of social adaptation lies active human activity, the key point of which is the need for a conversion of substantial social reality.

In this section of the course work, the types and structure of social adaptation are considered. Making a conclusion, it can be said that there is no single classification of the structure of social adaptation. The absence of a single classification of species of social adaptation is explained by the fact that a person is a person who is part of a wide system of professional, business, interpersonal, social relations that allow it to be adapted in this society.

2 . INsocial Lying on the Socialization Process

Considering adaptation as a process and the result of the individual of the individual to the medium, it is necessary to note the concept of "environment".

Environment is:

The scope of habitat and activities of mankind;

The human environment is natural and the material world created by him.

Social environment As a factor in the formation and development of personality, always recognized. Teachers, social workers and psychologists during the centuries in the process of developing science, culture, society have studied mutualizing and interaction between the environment and man 14. K. D. Ushinsky believed that a person is being influenced by the entire complex of impacts related to the environment.

The ideas of Russian Democrats of the XIX V. G. Belinsky, N. G. Chernyshevsky, N. A. Dobrolyubova and others are perfected into a person in his development and improvement. The statement of Belinsky is known about what is creating a man nature, but develops and forms his society.

The problem of the medium was widely developed in the second half of the 20s - 30s. N. K. Krukskaya, A. V. Lunacharsky, S. T. Shatsky stressed that all the factors forming individuals should be studied: and organized, and natural. Wednesday and its influence on a person studied and theoretically, and in the form of specific research of material, housing, household and cultural conditions of people. The relationship between economic and social Regulations Families and level of education, the specific features of people's lives and influence on their development were detected. Attempts have been made to make certain changes to the environment. The study of the medium was conducted from class positions, as evidenced by the terms: proletarian, worker-peasant, common, intellectual and other environment.

Since the nature of the environment influence depended on the quality, the researchers of those years, developing the ideal model of its use, saw a healthy, moral, appropriate, rationally organized, etc. It was proposed that such an environment should feed ideals, create good dominants, develop activity, creativity, Independence, produce the skills of reasonable disciplined behavior, etc.

From above, I. A. Karpyuk and M. B. Chernov define the concept of "social environment".

Social environment is part of the environment, consisting of interacting individuals, groups, institutes, cultures, and so on.

Social medium is an objectively social reality, which is a combination of material, political, ideological, socio-psychological factors of direct interaction with the personality in the process of its life and practical activity.

The main structural components of the social environment are:

Social living conditions of people;

Social actions of people;

Relations of people in the process of activity and communication;

Social community.

The natural social environment surrounding a person is an external factor in its development. In the process of socialization of the personality, the biological individual is transformed into a social entity. This is a continuous, multifaceted process that continues throughout the human life. It is most intensive in childhood and adolescence, when all basic value orientations are laid, social norms and relationships are assimilated, the motivation of social behavior is formed.

The process of socialization of the individual occurs in collaboration with a huge number of diverse conditions, more or less actively affecting their development. These conditions acting on humans are customary to be called factors. In fact, not all of them are even identified, but from those known not everyone has been studied. About the factors that have been studied, knowledge is very uneven: some are known quite a lot, about others - a little, about the third - quite a little bit. More or less studied conditions or social environment factors can be combined into four groups:

1. MegaFactors (mega - very large, universal) - space, planet, world, which in one way or another through other groups of factors affect the socialization of all residents of the Earth.

2. Macrofactors (Macro - Big) - a country, ethnos, society, a state that affect the socialization of all living in certain birds.

3. Mesopactors (meso - medium, intermediate) - the conditions for the socialization of large groups of people allocated: in the area and the type of settlement, in which they live (region, country side, city, settlement); According to accessories to the audience of certain networks of mass communication (radio, television, etc.); According to accessories to one or another subcultures.

4. Microfactors - factors directly affecting specific people who interact with them - family and home the hearth, neighborhood, group of peers, educational organizations, various public, state, religious, private and counter-security organizations, microsocium. .

Socialization of a person is carried out by a wide range of universal funds, the content of which is specific to a particular society, of a social layer, of one or another of the socialized. These include:

Methods of feeding a baby and care for him;

Formed household and hygienic skills;

Surrounding human products of material culture;

Elements of spiritual culture (from lullaby songs and fairy tales to sculptures);

Methods of promotion and punishment in the family, in groups of peers, in educational and other socializing organizations;

The consistent admission of a person to numerous species and types of relationships in the main areas of its livelihoods - communication, game, knowledge, objective and practical and practical activities, sports, as well as in family, professional, public, religious spheres.

Developing, the individual is looking for and finds the environment that is most comfortable for him, so it can "migrate" from one environment to another.

According to I. A. Karpyuk and M. B. Chernova, the attitude of a person to the external social conditions of his life in society has the nature of interaction. A person not only depends on the social environment, but also modifies with its active actions, and at the same time develops himself.

Social medium acts as macros (in a broad sense), i.e. The socio-economic system as a whole, and microenvironment (in a narrow sense) is a direct social environment.

The social environment is, on the one hand, one of the most important factors that accelerate or restraining the person's self-realization process, on the other hand, a prerequisite for the successful development of this process. The attitude of the medium to a person is determined by how much its behavior corresponds to the expectations of the medium. The behavior of a person is largely determined by which position it takes in society. Individual in society can occupy several positions at the same time. Each position imposes a person to certain requirements, that is, rights and obligations, and is called social status. Statuses may be congenital and acquired. Status is determined by human behavior in society. This behavior is called a social role. In the process of the formation and development of the individual, positive and negative social roles. Learning the personality of role-playing behavior, providing him with the successful inclusion of social relations. This process of adaptation to the conditions of the social medium is called social adaptation.

Thus, the social environment has a great influence on the socialization of the person through social factors. It can also be noted that a person not only depends on the social environment, but also modifies with their active actions, and at the same time develops himself. A method of harmonizing an individual with a medium is a social adaptation strategy.

3. FROMsocial adaptation speech

The concept of "strategy" in the general sense It is possible to determine as a guide that organizes a method of conducting actions, behavior, designed to achieve non-random, momentary, and meaningful, defining purposes.

Social adaptation strategy As a way to harmonize an individual with a medium, a way to bring into compliance with its needs, interests, installations, value orientations and environmental requirements should be considered in the context of human life and human life. In this regard, it is necessary to consider such a spectrum of concepts as "Lifestyle", "Life History", "Picture of Life", "Life Plan", "Life Way", "Life Strategy", "Lifestyle", "Life Scenario" .

M. A. Gulina notes that social analysis The lifestyle is intended to identify the mechanisms of self-regulation of the subject associated with its attitude to the living conditions and activities, with its needs and life orientations, as well as with its relation to social norms.

K. A. Abulkhanova-Slavskaya allocates the basic principles of studying the person in the process of life, formulated by S. L. Rubinstein and B. G. Ananyev:

* the principle of historicism, where the inclusion of a person in historical time allows you to consider the biography as its personal history;

* genetic approach the opportunity to allocate different grounds for determining the stages, the steps of its development in life;

* communication principle Development and Life Movement of the Personality with its work, communication and knowledge.

The basis of the principle of historicism was the idea of \u200b\u200bS. Bühler, which proposed to conduct an analogy between the process of personality life and the process of history, and announced the life of an individual history. Individual, or personal, life in its dynamics, she called life vital and allocated a number of aspects of life to trace them in dynamics:

* Sequence of external events as an objective logic of life;

* The logic of domestic events is a change of experiences, values \u200b\u200b- the evolution of the inner world of man;

* Human performance.

Driving power Personality Sh. Bühler considered the desire for self-effectiveness and creativity. As K. A. Abulkhanova-Slavskaya emphasized, understanding of the life path Sh. Bücher contained the main thing: the life of a particular person is not accidental, but is natural, it is amenable to not only the description, but also an explanation.

B. G. Ananiev believed that the subjective picture of the life path in the person's self-consciousness is always built according to individual and social development, compared to biographic historical dates.

A. A. Kronik is a referring picture of the life path as an image, the temporary measurements of which are commensumed with the scale human life In general, the image in which not only the past person is captured - the history of its formation, not only the present - life situation And current activities, but also the future - plans, dreams, hopes. The subjective picture of the life path is a mental image, which reflects the socially determined space-temporal characteristics of the life path (past, present and future), its stages, events and their relationships. This image performs the functions of long-term regulation and coordinating the life path of the individual with the life of others, primarily significant for her, people.

S. L. Rubinstein, analyzing the work of S. Bühler, perceived and developed the idea of \u200b\u200blife path and concluded that the life path could not be understood only as a sum of life events, individual actions, creativity products. It must be represented as something more solid. To disclose the integrity, continuity of the life path, S. L. Rubinstein suggested not just to allocate its individual stages, but also to find out how each stage prepares and affects the next one. Playing an important role in the life path, these stages do not predetermine it with fatal inevitability.

One of the most important and interesting thoughts of S. L. Rubinstein, according to K. A. Abulkhanova-Slavskaya, is an idea about the turning stages of the human life, which are determined by the personality. S. L. Rubinstein approves the idea of \u200b\u200bpersonality activity, its "active entity", the ability to make a choice, make decisions affecting their own life path. S. L. Rubinstein introduces the concept of personality as a subject of life. The manifestations of this subject consist of how activities are carried out, communication, what behaviors are produced on the basis of desires and real possibilities.

K. A. Abulkhanova-Slavskaya allocates three structures of the life path: the life position, the life line and the meaning of life. A lifted position, consisting in self-determination of the individual, is formed by its activity and is realized in time of some life. The meaning of life is valuable determines the life position and line of life. Of particular importance is attached to the concept of "life position", which is defined as the "personality development potential", "way of lifting life" on the basis of personal values. This is the main determinant of all the vital manifestations of the person.

The concept of "life prospect" in the context of the concept of the life path of the personality K. A. Abulkhanova-Slavskaya determines as the potential, the possibility of personality, objectively developing in the present, which should be manifested in the future. Following S. L. Rubinstein K. A. Abulkhanova-Slavskaya emphasizes that a person is a subject of life, and the individual character of his life is manifested in the fact that the personality acts as an organizer. The individuality of life is the ability of the personality to organize it in his intent, in accordance with his inclinations and aspirations, which are reflected in the concept of "lifestyle".

As a criterion right choice The life path of man K. A. Abulkhanova-Slavsaya nominates the main criterion - satisfaction or dissatisfaction with life.

The possibility of personality to foresee, organize, send the events of his life or on the contrary, to submit to the course of life events allows us to talk about the existence of various ways to organize life. These methods are considered as the abilities of different types of personalities spontaneously or deliberately build their life strategies. The very concept of the life strategy of K. A. Abulkhanova-Slavskaya determines as a constant alignment in compliance with the characteristics of his personality and the way of his life, building their lives on the basis of its individual capabilities. The strategy of life consists in ways to change, transform conditions, situations of life in accordance with the values \u200b\u200bof the individual, in the ability to combine their individual features, their status and age capabilities, their own claims with the requirements of society and others. In this case, a person as a subject of life integrates its characteristics as a subject of activity, the subject of communication and the subject of knowledge and correlates its capabilities with the living goals and tasks.

Thus, the strategy of life is the self-effectiveness strategy in life by correlating the life requirements with personal activity, its values \u200b\u200band the way of self-affirmation.

Social adaptation strategy is individual way The adaptation of the personality to society and its requirements for which the experience of early children's experiences, unconscious solutions adopted in accordance with the subjective scheme of the perception of situations and conscious choice of behavior made in accordance with the objectives, aspirations, needs, identity value system.

Social adaptation strategies are individual and unique for each personality, nevertheless, some features and features that are common, characteristic of a number of strategies, and allocate, thus, the types of social adaptation strategies.

The variety of species and methods of social adaptation can be considered as from the point of view of the type of activity of activity during the adaptation process (and then it is asked by leading personal motives), and from the point of view of specific species and adaptation methods that are specified, on the one hand, the hierarchy of values \u200b\u200band The objectives depending on the general orientation, and on the other - the psychological and psychophysiological characteristics of the individual.

In the classification of A. R. Lazur, three levels of relations are allocated. At the first level, the personality depends entirely on the environment. Surroundings, external conditions suppress human, thus there is an insufficient device. At the second level, the adaptation occurs with the benefit for itself and for society. People who are at the third level of relationship are creative attitude towards the environment, they can not only successfully adapt to the environment, but also to influence it, changing and converting the environment in accordance with their own needs and entrepreneurs.

Thus, A. R. Lazur provided for the possibility of the direction of the conversion effect as a result of social adaptation of the personality both on the change and restructuring of the personal structure (first and second level) and intern.

Similar ideas expressed J. Piaget, according to whom the condition for successful adaptation can be considered the optimal combination of two aspects of social adaptation: accommodation as assimilation of the rules of the medium and assimilation as a transformation of the medium.

N. N. Miloslavova characterizes the types of adaptation due to the level of personality correspondence to external conditions, "environmental turbors", not including the process of transformation, the impact of the individual on Wednesday:

* balance - Establishment of equilibrium between the medium and the individual, which manifest mutual tolerance to the value system and the stereotypes of each other;

* pseudoadaptation - the combination of external adaptability to the situation with a negative attitude to its standards and requirements;

* forravn.izava - recognition and adoption of the main values \u200b\u200bof the new situation, mutual concessions;

* climbing - Psychological reorientation of the individual, transformation of the former views, orientation, installations in accordance with the new situation.

The individual can consistently pass all these stages, gradually increasingly "roturable" on the social environment from the equilibration stage to the stage of likelihood, and may dwell on some of them. The degree of inclusion in the adaptation process depends on a number of factors: on the degree of "tightness" of the personality, on the nature of the situation, from the relationship of the individual to it and from the life experience of the adaptable.

The differences in the way of individual life involve the construction of various strategies, the leading parameter of which K. A. Abulkhanova-Slavskaya considers activity as an internal identity criteria in the implementation of its life program. As a basis for describing various identity strategies, K. A. Abulkhanova-Slavskaya offers the distribution of initiative and responsibility as an individual way to implement activity. Personality, in the structure of which is dominated by responsibility, always seeks to create the necessary conditions for itself, to provide in advance what to achieve the goal, prepare for overcoming difficulties, failures. Depending on the level of claims and the orientation, people with a developed responsibility can show various ways of expression.

Thus, the executive person has a low activity of self-expression, insecure in his abilities, needs to support others, situgenically subordinated to external control, conditions, orders, advice. He is afraid of change, surprises, seeks to fix and retain the achieved (example: Novoselites Anatoly Efremovich - the hero of the film "Service Roman").

Another type of personality, with high responsibility, receives satisfaction from completed debt, expressing through its execution, its life can be melted to the smallest details. Daily, rhythmic fulfillment of the planned circle of responsibilities brings him at the end of the day a sense of satisfaction. There are no distant prospects in the life of such people, they are not waiting for anything for themselves, always ready to fulfill other people's requirements. An example of this type of personality can be the protagonist from the film "Diamond Hand" Gorbunov Semen Semenovich.

People from another life liability can have both friends and acquaintances. But due to the sense of "one-on-one" with life, they exclude both orientation for support and assistance from other people, and the opportunity to take responsibility for others, since, in their opinion, this increases their dependence and binds the freedom of self-expression. The responsibility of such people is implemented in the most different roles, for example: Borschev Athanasiya Nikolaevich from the film "Afonya".

The identity with a developed initiative is in a state of constant search, seeks to be new, without satisfying the ready, predetermined. Such a person is guided mainly only desirable, interesting, "lights up" ideas, willingly goes to any risk, but, facing a new one, distinguished from imaginary, from plans created by him and ideas. It cannot clearly designate goals and means, outline the stages in the implementation of plans, to separate the achievable from unattainable. For an initiative personality, no results are important, but the search process itself, its novelty, the latitude of prospects. Such a position is subjectively creating a variety of life, its problemability and fascination.

N. N. Miloslavova allocates various types of initiative people, depending on their inclination to accept responsibility. Some of them prefer to share with their own projects, suggestions, ideas, intensively involve people in their circle of creative searches, take responsibility for their scientific and personal destiny. These people are characterized by a harmonious combination of initiative and responsibility. The initiative of other people may be limited to good intentions, and the ideas are not implemented. The integrity or part of their activity depends on the nature of their claims and the degree of connection with responsibility.

A person who has an initiative is a life position, constantly goes to find new conditions, for active change in life, expands the circle of life classes, affairs, communications. He always builds a personal perspective, not only thinking about something new, but also builds multi-stage plans, the realism and validity of which depend on the degree of responsibility, the level of personality development.

People who combine the initiative and responsibility, the desire for novelty and the readiness for uncertainty associated with risk balanced. They are constantly expanding their semantic and living space, but they can confidently distribute it to the necessary and sufficient, real and desired. Responsibility for such a person involves not only the organization of activities, but also the possibility of not to live is situationally, but to maintain autonomy and the opportunity to express the initiative.

E. K. Zavyalova distinguishes individual adaptation strategies in connection with a planic activity sent by a person to improve the system of interaction with the environment and himself. The most characteristic of people in a state of social or emotional shock is most characteristic of people in a state of social or emotional shock, and manifests themselves in a person's desire to keep themselves First of all, as a biological unit, leaving the last lifestyle, to use the well-established and previously effective stereotypes of interaction with the environment and itself. The core of the passive adaptation strategy is negative emotional experiences: anxiety, frustration, feeling of loss, obspealness obstacles; The past seems excellent independently of reality, the present is perceived dramatically, the help is expected from the outside; aggressive reactions in relation to others and to themselves are rapidly; A person is afraid to take responsibility for taking risky decisions.

The passive adaptation strategy is determined by a number of personality properties and, in turn, forms a certain type of personality, the dominant position in the structure of which is overseasy, pedantry, rigidity, preference to the regulation of all creative activity and freedom of decisions, orientation for the adoption of a collectively developed decision, reliance, unconditionally acceptance of social norms, responsible fulfillment of the usual duties.

In the event of new forms of human interaction with nature, a society, the implementation of the active adaptation strategy - a strategy centered on the person who performed by the person itself of intrapersonal and external social perestroins, on the change in the former lifestyle, to overcome the difficulties and the destruction of unsatisfying relationships. At the same time, a person focuses on his own domestic reserves, ready and is able to respond for their actions and decisions. The active adaptation strategy is based on a realistic attitude to life, the ability to see not only negative, but also the positive parties of reality; A person perceives obstacles as overcoming. His behavior and activity is characterized by focus and organization; Active, overcoming behavior is accompanied mainly by positive emotional experiences. Centered on overcoming, active strategy, as well as passive, forms a certain psychological personality portrait: social orientation and solutions, social confidence and self-confidence, high personal responsibility, independence, sociability, high level of claims and high self-esteem, emotional stability.

Comparing the considered approaches, it is possible, in general, to determine the social adaptation strategy as a preferential way to build the subject of its relations with the outside world, other people and himself in solving the vital tasks and achieving life goals.

When evaluating this strategy, it is necessary to consider the scope of subjective identity relations:

a) attitude towards themselves, assessing their success, taking themselves;

b) interest in surrounding and communicating with them, attitudes towards surrounding and people in general, the adoption of other people, an idea of \u200b\u200btheir assessment of personality, position in communication (domination or statement) and in conflict situations;

c) position in relation to the world as a whole, which can manifest itself in the preferences of certain experiences reflected in the level of personality claims, its way to establish responsibility and attitude to the future (openness of the future or fear of future, closure on this).

Concluding the above, in the framework of the psychoanalytic direction, social adaptation is interpreted as a homeostatic equilibrium of the individual with the requirements of the external environment (medium). Socialization of the personality is determined by the displacement of the entry and switching of energy on the objects authorized by the Company (3. Freud), as well as as a result of the personality desire to compensate and overcompensate their inferiority (A. Adler).

Within the framework of the humanistic direction of studies of social adaptation, a provision on the optimal interaction of the individual and the medium is put forward. The main criterion of adaptation here is the degree of integration of the personality and environment. The purpose of adaptation is to achieve positive spiritual health and compliance of the identity values \u200b\u200bof the values \u200b\u200bof society. In this case, the process of adaptation is not a process of equilibrium of the body and medium.

Social adaptation implies methods for adapting, regulation, harmonization of individual interaction with the medium. In the process of social adaptation, a person acts as an active entity that adapts to the environment in accordance with its needs, interests, aspirations and is actively self-determined. The social adaptation process involves the manifestation of various combinations of techniques and methods, social adaptation strategies.

In general, the social adaptation strategy is a universal and individual principle, the method of social adaptation of a person to life in his environment, which takes into account the focus of his aspirations, the goals and ways to achieve themselves.

Thus, we highlighted the types of social adaptation strategies, which are individual and unique for each person. Comparing the considered types, it is possible, in general, to determine the social adaptation strategy as a preferential way to build the subject of its relations with the world around, other people and himself in solving the vital tasks and achieving life goals.

Z.action

The purpose of this course work was an analysis of the behavior of the individual as a subject of adaptation when interacting with the environment.

We summarized the ideas about adapting as a unique form of human interaction with a changing environment. Social adaptation implies methods for adapting, regulation, harmonization of the interaction of an individual with an environment only when a person acts as an active entity that adapts to the serm in accordance with its needs, interests, aspirations and is actively self-determined.

I revealed a social adaptation strategy that provides vitality in the changing conditions of existence. The social adaptation strategy will be a universal and individual principle, the method of social adaptation of a person to life in his environment, which takes into account the focus of his aspirations, set by them the goals and how to achieve them.

In connection with the foregoing, it becomes obvious that without research on social adaptation will be incomplete consideration of any problem of social inconsistency, and the analysis of the described aspects of the adaptation process seems to be an integral part of the person.

Thus, the problem of adaptation is an important area of \u200b\u200bscientific research located at the junction of various branches of knowledge gaining in modern conditions increasing importance. In this regard, the adaptation concept can be considered as one of the promising approaches to the integrated human study.

FROMpikov used literature

1. Albuchanova-Slavskaya, K. A. Life Strategy / K. A. Albukhanova-Slavskaya - M.: Thought, 1991. - 301 p.

2. Volkov, G. D. Adaptation and its levels / D. Volkov, N. B. Okayskaya. - Perm, 1975. - 246 p.

3. Vygotsky, L. S. Problems of age / L. S. Vygotsky - Cons. op. 4 T. - M., 1984. - 4 tons.

4. Georgieva, I. A. Socio-psychological factors of personality adaptation in the team: Author. dis. Cand. psychol. science / I. A. Georgiev - L., 1985. - 167 p.

5. Gulina, M. and the psychology of social work / M. A Gulina, O. N. Aleksandrov, O. N. Bogolyubova, N. L. Vasilyeva, etc. - St. Petersburg: Peter, 2002. -382 p.

6. Zavyalova, E. K. Bulletin of the Baltic Pedagogical Academy / E. K. Zavyalova - St. Petersburg., 2001 - 28 p.

7. Karpyuk, I. A. Educational school system: Hand allowance. and teachers general form. shk. / I. A. Karpyuk, M. B. Chernova. - MN: University, 2002. - 167 p.

8. Kovalev, A. G. Psychology of personality. / A. G. Kovalev - M.: Thought, 1973. - 341 p.

9. Kronik, A. A. Starring: You, we, he, you, I: Psychology meaning. relative / A. A. Kronik, E. A. Kronik - M: thought, 1989 - 204 p.

10. Miloslavova, I. A. The concept and structure of social adaptation: author. dis. Cand. philosopher. science / I. A. Miloslavova - L., 1974. - 295 p.

11. Mudrik, A.V. Social pedagogy: studies. For stud. Ped. universities / ed. V. A. Slastinina. - 3rd ed., Act. and add. - M.: Publishing Center "Academy", 2000. - 200С.

12. Psychological Dictionary / Ed. V.P. Zinchenko, V. G. Meshcheryakova. -2-e ed., Pererab. and add. - M: Pedagogy-press, 1997. - 440 p.

13. Rubinstein, S. L. Basics of general psychology / S. L. Rubinstein - SPb.: Peter, 2000. - 720 p.

14. Rubinstein, M. M. Sketch pedagogical psychology In connection with the general pedagogy / m. M. Rubinstein - M., 1913.

15. Khokhlova, A. P. Interpersonal perception as one of the psychological mechanisms of personality adaptation in the group // Problems of communicative and cognitive activity Personality / A. P. Khokhlova - Ulyanovsk, 1981. - 368 p.

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Ministry of Education of the Republic of Belarus

Education Education Brest State University named after A.S. Pushkin

Social and Pedagogical Faculty

Department of Socio-Medical Disciplines

Course work

Topic: adaptation as a process and result of an individual tool to the environment

Introduction

The predominant orientation on the signs of the environment led to the emergence of social, professional, climatic, school, university, etc. adaptation. Orientation on the level of the human organization - to socio-psychological, mental, psychophysiological, physiological adaptation. Consideration of a number of concept provisions, as well as a long experience in studying the possibilities of human activity in different environments, convinces that a rather reliable reference point for explaining adaptation processes is contained in the personality of a person. In its entire complex organization of properties and qualities, in all the diversity of its interaction with the environment, in its correlation with a specific historical period of development of society, the main internal adaptation regulator in changing social, cultural, subject-processing and natural conditions was concluded.

purpose The course work is shown to examine the behavior of the person as a subject of adaptation when interacting with the environment.

Object - The process of adaptation of the individual.

Thing − Changing environment.

In accordance with the purpose of the course work, the following were solved tasks :

1. To summarize the idea of \u200b\u200badaptation as a unique form of human interaction with a changing environment.

2. Remove the content of the concept of "medium".

3. To identify the social adaptation strategy that provides viability in the changing conditions of existence.

1. Social adaptation as a person's socialization mechanism

In the literature, adaptation is considered in a wide and narrow sense of the word.

Social adaptation is:

Constant process of active adaptation of the individual to the conditions of the new social environment;

The result of this process.

Social adaptation is an integrative indicator of a person's state, reflecting its ability to perform certain biosocial features, namely:

· Adequate perception of the surrounding reality and its own organism;

· Adequate system of relationships and communicating with others;

· Ability to work, learning, to leisure and leisure organization;

· Variability (adaptability) of behavior in accordance with the roles of others.

According to I. A. Georgiev, the development of the mechanisms of social adaptation, its essence, is active human activity, the key point of which is the need for a conversion of substantial social reality. Therefore, the process of the formation of the mechanisms of social adaptation of the individual is inseparable from all types of transformations of individuals and takes place in the three main phases: activities, communication, self-aware characterizing its social essence. .

The need of an individual

Needs,

Decision making motives

Implementation and summarization,

Social identity identity is the mechanism of social adaptation of the person, in which the formation and understanding of its social affiliation and role is carried out.

According to I. A. Georgieva, there are also such mechanisms of social adaptation of the personality, as:

1. Cognitive, comprising all mental processes associated with cognition: sensations, perception, presentation, memory, thinking, imagination, etc.

2. Emotional, which includes various moral feelings and emotional states: anxiety, concern, sympathy, condemnation, anxiety, etc.

3. Practical (behavioral) offering a certain directional human activity in social practice. In general, all these mechanisms of social adaptation of the individual constitute complete unity.

The process of social adaptation is concrete-historical, which in different ways affects the personality or pushes it to a certain choice of mechanisms of action in a given context of time.

Research D. Volkov and N. B. Okowskaya show that the process of social adaptation must be considered on three levels:

1. Societies (Macroshed) - this level allows you to allocate the process of social adaptation of the individual in the context of socio-economic, political and spiritual development of society.

2. Social group (microsudes) - the study of this process will help to make the causes, incomprehension of the interests of the individual with the social group (labor collective, family, etc.).

3. Individual (intrapersonal adaptation) - the desire to achieve harmony, balance of the inner position and its self-esteem from the position of other individuals.

An analysis of the literature showed that the unified classification of social adaptation is absent. This is explained by the fact that a person is included in a wide system of professional, business, interpersonal, social relations that allow it to adapt in this society. Social adaptation system includes different types of adaptive processes:

Production and professional adaptation;

Leisure (implies the formation of installations, abilities to the satisfaction of aesthetic experiences, the desire to maintain health, physical improvement);

Political and economic;

Adaptation to the forms of public consciousness (science, religion, art, morality and other);

To nature, etc.

According to G. D. Volkov, N. B. Okayskaya all kinds of adaptation are interconnected, but the dominant is social. Complete social adaptation of a person includes:

- managerial,

- economic,

- pedagogical,

- psychological,

- Professional,

- Production adaptation.

Consider more listed types of social adaptation.

Management (organizational) adaptation . Without control, it is impossible to provide a person to a person (at work, in everyday life), create prerequisites for the development of his social role, influence it, to provide activities that meet the interests of society and personality.

Economic Adaptation - This is the most complicated process of mastering new socio-economic norms and the principles of economic relations of individuals, subjects. For social work technology, the so-called "social block" is important here, including adapting to the real social reality of unemployment benefits, wage, pensions and benefits. They must respond not only by the physiological, but also the sociocultural needs of a person.

Pedagogical adaptation - This is an adaptation to the education system, training and education that form a system of value indicators of an individual.

Psychological Adaptation . In psychology, adaptation is considered as the process of adapting the senses to the peculiarities of the stimulus acting on them in order to better perceive and prevent receptors from excessive load.

Professional adaptation - This is an adaptation of an individual to a new kind of professional activity, a new social environment, working conditions and the peculiarities of a specific specialty.

Production adaptation - Labor activity, initiative, competence and independence, professional qualities are improved.

2. Influence of the social environment on the process of personality socialization

Considering adaptation as a process and the result of the individual of the individual to the medium, it is necessary to note the concept of "environment".

Environment is:

The scope of habitat and activities of mankind;

The human environment is natural and the material world created by him.

Social environment as a factor in the formation and development of personality is always recognized. Teachers, social workers and psychologists for centuries in the process of developing science, culture, society have studied mutualizing and interaction between the environment and humans. K. D. Ushinsky believed that a person was being influenced by the entire complex of impacts related to the environment.

The problem of the medium was widely developed in the second half of the 20s - 30s. N. K. Krukskaya, A. V. Lunacharsky, S. T. Shatsky stressed that all the factors forming individuals should be studied: and organized, and natural. Wednesday and its influence on a person studied and theoretically, and in the form of specific research of material, housing, household and cultural conditions of people. The dependence between the economic and social status of the family and the level of education was traced, the specific features of people's lives and the impact on their development were detected. Attempts have been made to make certain changes to the environment. The study of the medium was conducted from class positions, as evidenced by the terms: proletarian, worker-peasant, common, intellectual and other environment.

From above, I. A. Karpyuk and M. B. Chernov define the concept of "social environment".

Social environment is part of the environment, consisting of interacting individuals, groups, institutes, cultures, and so on.

The main structural components of the social environment are:

Social living conditions of people;

Social actions of people;

Relations of people in the process of activity and communication;

Social community.

1. MegaFactors (mega - very large, universal) - space, planet, world, which in one way or another through other groups of factors affect the socialization of all residents of the Earth.

2. Macrofactors (Macro - Big) - a country, ethnos, society, a state that affect the socialization of all living in certain birds.

Methods of feeding a baby and care for him;

Formed household and hygienic skills;

Surrounding human products of material culture;

Elements of spiritual culture (from lullaby songs and fairy tales to sculptures);

Methods of promotion and punishment in the family, in groups of peers, in educational and other socializing organizations;

Developing, the individual is looking for and finds the environment that is most comfortable for him, so it can "migrate" from one environment to another.

Social medium acts as macros (in a broad sense), i.e. The socio-economic system as a whole, and microenvironment (in a narrow sense) is a direct social environment.

The social environment is, on the one hand, one of the most important factors that accelerate or restraining the person's self-realization process, on the other hand, a prerequisite for the successful development of this process. The attitude of the medium to a person is determined by how much its behavior corresponds to the expectations of the medium. The behavior of a person is largely determined by which position it takes in society. Individual in society can occupy several positions at the same time. Each position imposes a person to certain requirements, that is, rights and obligations, and is called social status. Statuses may be congenital and acquired. Status is determined by human behavior in society. This behavior is called a social role. In the process of the formation and development of the personality, positive and negative social roles may be mastered. Learning the personality of role-playing behavior, providing him with the successful inclusion of social relations. This process of adaptation to the conditions of the social medium is called social adaptation.

3. Social adaptation strategy

The concept of "strategy" in the general sense can be determined as a guide that organizes a method of conducting actions, behavior designed to achieve non-random, momentary, and meaningful, defining purposes.

M. A. Gulina notes that social analysis of the lifestyle is intended to identify the mechanisms of self-regulation of the subject associated with its attitude towards living and activities, with its needs and life orientations, as well as with its attitude towards social standards.

K. A. Abulkhanova-Slavskaya allocates the basic principles of studying the person in the process of life, formulated by S. L. Rubinstein and B. G. Ananyev:

the principle of historicism, where the inclusion of a person in historical time allows you to consider the biography as its personal history;

genetic approach the opportunity to allocate different grounds for determining the stages, the steps of its development in life;

communication principle Development and Life Movement of the Personality with its work, communication and knowledge.

The sequence of external events as an objective logic of life;

The logic of domestic events is a change of experiences, values \u200b\u200b- the evolution of the inner world of man;

Results of human activity.

The driving force of the personality of Sh. Bühler considered the desire for self-effectiveness and creativity. As K. A. Abulkhanova-Slavskaya emphasized, understanding of the life path Sh. Bücher contained the main thing: the life of a particular person is not accidental, but is natural, it is amenable to not only the description, but also an explanation.

A. A. Kronik is a referring picture of the life path as an image, the temporary measurements of which are commensurate with the scale of human life as a whole, the image in which not only the past person is captured - the history of its formation, not only the real life situation and current activities, but also the future - Plans, dreams, hopes. The subjective picture of the life path is a mental image, which reflects the socially determined space-temporal characteristics of the life path (past, present and future), its stages, events and their relationships. This image performs the functions of long-term regulation and coordinating the life path of the individual with the life of others, primarily significant for her, people.

As a criterion for the right choice of the human life path, K. A. Abulkhanova-Slavskaya puts forward the main criterion - satisfaction or dissatisfaction with life.

Thus, the strategy of life is the self-effectiveness strategy in life by correlating the life requirements with personal activity, its values \u200b\u200band the way of self-affirmation.

The social adaptation strategy is an individual way of adapting a person to society and its requirements for which the experience of early children's experiences, unconscious decisions adopted in accordance with the subjective scheme of perception of situations and conscious selection of behavior, made in accordance with the goals, aspirations, needs, Personality value system.

balance - Establishment of equilibrium between the medium and the individual, which manifest mutual tolerance to the value system and the stereotypes of each other;

pseudoadaptation - the combination of external adaptability to the situation with a negative attitude to its standards and requirements;

equating - recognition and adoption of the main values \u200b\u200bof the new situation, mutual concessions;

climbing - Psychological reorientation of the individual, transformation of the former views, orientation, installations in accordance with the new situation.

People from another life liability can have both friends and acquaintances. But due to the sense of "one-on-one" with life, they exclude both orientation for support and assistance from other people, and the opportunity to take responsibility for others, since, in their opinion, this increases their dependence and binds the freedom of self-expression. The responsibility of such people is realized in a variety of roles, for example: Borschev Athanasius Nikolaevich from the film "Afonya".

When evaluating this strategy, it is necessary to consider the scope of subjective identity relations:

a) attitude towards themselves, assessing their success, taking themselves;

Conclusion

The purpose of this course work was an analysis of the behavior of the individual as a subject of adaptation when interacting with the environment.

Thus, the problem of adaptation is an important area of \u200b\u200bscientific research, located at the junction of various branches of knowledge gaining more and more importance. In this regard, the adaptation concept can be considered as one of the promising approaches to the integrated human study.

List of used literature