Uniforms of the German Army 1914 1918. German soldier of the First World War

One hundred years ago, on July 28, 1914, the First World War began. The first war in which more than 30 countries of the world were drawn in one way or another. The first war in which more than 10 million people were killed and about 30 million were injured and injured. The first war that led to the fall of the four empires - Russian, German, Austria-Hungarian and Ottoman. The first war that led to a fundamental change in the geopolitical situation in the world and the emergence of new states and new social relations. In particular after falling Russian Empire, the first state of workers and peasants appeared - Socialist Russia. World War I gave a powerful impetus in the development of science and technology and the emergence of new types of weapons and new ways of warfare. World War I led to the global social political, social, economic, political, cultural changes in the world. Apparently in certain historical periods, World War is the only way out of the lightweight evolutionary Development. War is definitely evil, but often global politicians make all that Worform War I have become the only way to resolve those problems that they themselves create.

World War I was the first war captured on the color photo. Color photo of the First World War became possible due to the process of autochrome invented by the Lumiere brothers in 1907. It is known that the first world War Removed 19 military photographers, most of them were from France, several photographers from Germany and a number of other countries. Several tens of thousands of photographs were shot, most of them are black and white and several thousand color autochromas, but unfortunately the whole range of photos is unavailable on the Internet, since most of what is stored in the archives have not yet been digitized. Next, I present you a small selection of colored and black and white photos of the First World War, what would you get an idea how it all looked in fact. Of course, photographers did not risen to shoot on the front basis during the battle, so all the photos are made in the minutes of the clutch in the war. You can see the everyday life of the war, look in the face of the soldiers.

So, we look at the epic web of 100 color and 30 black and white photos of the all horror and the greatness of the First World War.

LOOK BEYOND

French soldiers near the fragments of the flag, the 114th infantry regiment. 1917.

The French soldier lies on one of the streets in Reims. 1917 One of the symbolic photos of the First World War. We see a soldier who stopped to stay, laid off her simple belongings, took her bread and thought, apparently remembered the peaceful life, his loved ones. It is felt that the soldier is already tired of the war

French soldier posing with the flag of the 37th Infantry Regiment.

Brave German soldiers and officer. This is not a real color photo, and painted on a computer black and white picture. But the types depicted on this and a number of other pictures are very good, so I included them in your record.

French general.

Belgian general.

Scottish mountain arrows in the traditional skirt - Kilt.

Of course there were trousers in the Scots, but nevertheless, even to fight in the first world war, the Scots preferred in their skirts. And the Scots in the skirts running in the attack, this is a very strong sight, no wonder the Germans preferred to immediately give up, as shown in the figure below :))

The platoon of the Scottish mountain row.

Legendary French Zuyava. Zouave (FR. Zouave) Initially, the name of the elite parts of the french infantry of French colonial troops, distinguished by their intensive and rapid buildings, as well as their unusual multicolored uniforms. External feature Zuvov served short jackets, sharovars and headdresses of Eastern type, for example, Turkish fez. Subsequently, this name has become popular in other countries, especially in America during civil War. Pieces of Zuabov were formed mainly from residents of North Africa, as well as the French volunteers. Zuyava was distinguished by their fearlessness and were used for attack on the most severe parts of the front.

Attacking zuaves.

Zuyavi erase their clothes. War of war, but also need to follow yourself.

French officers are studying Maxim and Gelieces in North Africa.

Algerians from the 4th regiment of French cavalry on vacation. It is not to be surprised that Algerians, Senegalents, Indians and immigrants from other countries fought on the fronts of the First World War. France and England had colonies in Africa and Asia, but since the troops carried large losses, then people from overseas colonies were burned to replenish the living force.

Four Senegalese soldiers in St. Ulrich. 1917.

Indian siks on vacation.

Algerian cavalryrs.

French soldiers wash away during the prival.

French soldiers prepare food. Pay attention at the very beginning of the First World War, soldiers of many armies and in particular the French were dressed in uniform end XIX. century, red balls, bright blue jackets. The soldiers in this form were well stand out on the battlefield and were a good target. Therefore, during the war, the troops began to move on the form of a protective color, in France and Germany gray, in England and Russia of Green.

French soldiers in the kiosk with newspapers. France 1917.

Soldier talks with the French peasant. Well, how to pass by :))

French soldier at the observant post.1916

French in the trench. 1916.

French anti-aircraft battery in Bewsi-les-Long, 1917. In the picture, the Gelkus machine gun, which is charged with special cuttings by 25 ammunition, this machine gun could be charged and an ordinary ribbon.

The calculation of the machine gun amounted to three people. Commander-gunner, arrows and charging.

Soldiers near the blockage.

The French on the ruins of Reims. 1917.

Russian soldiers in Reims. 1917.

War of war, and lunch on schedule.

Replenishment from Africa.

The French are on the privala, during the march.

French 1915

Orchestra of German prisoners of war with self-made tools in the French camp. Tizi-Uza. Algeria. 1917.

German prisoners of war look at the French women who clean the potatoes in punishment. Good was the life of prisoners of war in camps.

Austrian soldier in a trench with a lined trunk, eastern front. Russia 1915.

The French in the trench with the donut of lucky province.1916

War in the trench.

Pay attention to the trench debris. This suggests that there are long-term positioning battles. No wonder the first world war was also called the positional war, because on some fronts the troops for months, and somewhere where they stood against each other without movement.

Modern drawing depicting a duel german soldier With English tank.

During the first world special anti-aircraft guns, there was no conventional machine guns and cannons installed on special fautles to fight the aircraft. On this photo. French field gun fitted for firing up. You can see this gun in the following picture.

Untitable German shells who were fired by the positions of the French.

French 320-mm cannon installed on the railway platform.

Ruins of Reims. France 1917.

Ruins vertene. France 1917.

Destroyed Cathedral In Reims. 1917.

Ambulance machines. Belgium 1917.

French military photographer among the ruins of the plant in Reims. 1917.

Doctors and nurses of the surgical department in the field hospital.

Heroes. Two marines. Belgium. 1917. Sigor guys, such an eye is better not to come across.

Weekdays of war

Soldiers in gas masks.

English soldiers in the trenches.

The plot is a worthy artist of Surrealist. On all trees in the district, as a result of multi-day massive art printers, all branches and even Craer quit fragments. The only way here to survive is to be buried deep into the ground.

Building an Australian regiment.

Valorous Australian artilleryrs.

Weekdays of war.

German soldiers near the captured English tank.

Captured by the German tank.

Australians inspect a baked German tank.

In the picture, a shot down German, more precisely captured by the German tank. Judging by the torn body and the fleeting tower, as a result of the direct entry entering, inside the tank, the Boezapass was restored. It should notice that despite his terrible appearance, the tanks of the First World War had a weak armor. In particular, in this tank, the onboard armor was only 12 mm and this is clearly visible in this picture. Such armor protects against bullets and fragments, but easily pierces with projectiles. Therefore, tank troops in the first world war carried great losses.

On this photo, the metallic cunning cohesion and burned German airship. Looking at the picture you can present its colossal dimensions. You can see the inheritant two drawings see how the battle airship cabin looked like.

A shot down French airplane and a deceased pilot. Judging by the way the deep body entered the ground, the plane fell apparently sustained down. During World War I, the pilots did not have parachutes, although the parachute was created by the Russian inventor Nikolai Kotelnikov in 1912, but for a number of reasons did not receive distribution. The parachute began to be used only in the early 1920s. Therefore, when during the war, a plane or a airship or a balloon was shot, then the pilots died together and the aircraft.

Photo of the battle at a kimmel shot from an airplane.

Air duel. At the very beginning of the First World War, there were no armaments on airplanes, so the aircraft performed mainly intelligence functions and conducted the photographic of enemy positions. And when two hostile aircraft met in the air, the pilots began to shoot each other from pistols, arranging a kind of air duel, as shown in this picture. Of course, at high speed, it is difficult to get into the opponent from the pistol, so such duels in most cases ended with nothing. Then the pilots began to take with them grenades and mines and drop them on the position of the enemy. Then the planes began to establish ordinary infantry machine guns, and during the war, special aviation machine guns were created. As we can see in 4 years of war, the aircraft passed the rapid way of weapons.

Figure depicting a duel between German and French aircraft.

French Biplane Newport 10. 1914

Scout Voisen 3.

Farman F-40

Assembling Farman aircraft in Paris 1917.

Newport plane 17 one of the best fighters of the First World War.

Australian pilots in Palestine near the aircraft Bristol F2B 1918.

British Tank MK IV

British Tank MK VII

British tanks in battle (drawings).

Experimental English Tank Little Willie 1915

German Tank A7V.

French tank "Schneider" SA-1. Judging by the platforms in board, this tank visited hot battle.

French medium tank "Saint-Shamont".

This photo is made inside the French tank Saint-Shame. It should be noted that inside the tanks especially in the summer heat, the daytime hell was going on. Heat and Duchot from a hot housing and a working engine, which is why the temperature inside the tank could reach + 50. Permanent noise and roar from a working engine and shots from guns and machine guns, shaking and clad cateries. Powder garbageing breathing, sweat with a stream. Cutting down the hull like bullets and fragments. At the same time, you are locked inside a limited space. And the constant expectation of the direct getting of the projectile, which means faithful death. Personally, I never would never be a tanker.

Bitted British tanks.

In this picture you see a french soldier holding a machine gun with rather unusual arcuate shop. Personally, I first saw this machine gun and I was interested in what kind of thing. It turned out to be an 8-mm machine gun of shosha (emphasis on the last letter). Justice to say that this machine gun had a low reliability, a low pace of shooting and, according to many experts, was the worst machine gun of the First World War. But despite the unflattering characteristics, this machine gun is interested in what, in my opinion, it is a prototype of modern automata. What would be verifying for this look at the following picture.

Bottom depicts a shosha / chauchat machine gun of 1915. At the top of the American version of the 1918 sample. Well, what is not an automatic? !! Moreover, the shosa machine gun was developed as an assault rifle, for use during the attack and for shooting with hands. Well, when the assault rifle began to use as a machine gun, then compared to other machine guns, the machine gun shosha looked not the best way. And if from a technical point of view, the shosha machine gun was an outsider, then from a conceptual point of view, he was ahead of his time, it concerns external view And concept of automatic archery with hands. See what looks like and how shosha machine gun can shoot in this short video

German soldier with MP 18 machine gun. France. 1918

Military motorcyclist.

German soldiers near Trench Mortar.

French soldiers, snapshot for memory.

German sailors.

Adolf Hitler, extreme left, together with his colleagues at the front of the First World War. Who would have thought that this inexpressible person would be modestly sophisticated on the edge of the bench, after 20 years will be the great villain of the 20th century.

The French are preparing to launch a reactive projectile.

The French are shooting out of hand grenadeomette. In general, during the First World War, new types of weapons appeared, which were not before. These are mortars, grenade launchers, reactive shells, hand pomegranates, flamets, automata, anti-aircraft guns, tanks, airplanes and submarines have grudgely developed.

Brave soldier Franz Landvenman.

General background Krove (von kluck) in the parade form, approx. 1914

Introduction

The German army joined the war in 1914 in uniform, not much changed from the 19th century. In 1910, military uniforms were changed, mostly changed the color with blue on gray. The modified homogeneous standard, she differed in signs of differences for officers and sergeants, most of which remained from the 18th century. From the very beginning of the war, the German Supreme Command understood that a similar homogeneous form is not suitable. Supplies of the new field uniform have become a real nightmare for the apartments and the arriving mass of replenishment confused even more. In 1915, the model of the Uniform M1910 Waffenrock was officially replaced by a much simpler M1915 Blise. All the same, the M1910 uniform continued to be used throughout the war. During 1915, the signs of differences for sergeants were also simplified.

Differences of officers

Signs of differences for the ranks and ranks of German officers were based on a simple sample. It was three of various types wicker pursuit ( Achselstücke.), one type for generals, another for senior officers, and the third type for the lowest army officer. Officers of each class were diamond stars, also referred to as "PIPS" (PIPUN), indicating Chin. Younger ranks in each class of such stars did not have. The braided lace on the shafts of the general was in the foundation, showing the Red Kaima. Until 1915, the framing in the form of Kaima from other officers had the color of that hull to which they belonged. After 1915, the color of the framing was installed on the colors of the kind of troops Waffenfarbe. Waffenfarbe from Infanterie.was white; Vasilka or blue for dragoongs ( Dragoner.) and cavalry divisions Landwehr.; Red for Ulan ( Ulanen.) and field artillery ( Feldartillerie.), gold for troops of heavy artillery ( Fussartillerie.), black for units of military engineers ( Ingenieur und Pionierkorps.), and bright blue color for railway troops.

For generals, on the pursuit, the braided tape consisted of a triple weaving: one silver brazier between two gold. For senior officers, the laces consisted of two rows of a silver cord, each composed of two cosces, strands, stitched together. The army officers of the mouth had a similar double cord on the pursuit, but not intertwined. The illustration below shows the epaulets of Major, Major and Lieutenant.

Shareers of officers on field uniform

From left to right; Major General, Major, Lieutenant

Shareers of officers with the stars appropriate titles

From left to right; Lieutenant General, Major, Captain

The officers wore "decorative" stripes on the collar (loovers). In most cases, it was a stylized golden bruster on a red background, which at the end of the 18th century the infantry regiment Alt-Larisch the old Prussian army. Generals from Bavaria, Saxony, and Wurttemberg, still nominally independent kingdoms within the German Empire, had various samples of stripes for the collar. After 1915, some generals, as well as other officers, chose simplified uniform models and difference signs in accordance with adopted simplifications.

General Von Franšois, with typical signs of differences, stripes collar - Prussian general

Officer Signs Differences - Shores

Generals and officers	Insignia
General Feldmarshal(Feldmarshal)	Two intersecting rods in the external direction
Oberst General (Generaloberst)	Three stars (PIPS) - two near the external direction
General from infanteria, etc.	Two Stars (PIPS)
Lieutenant-general	One Star (PIP)
Major General	No stars
Staff - Officers (Stabsoffizierre)	Insignia
Colonel (OBERST)	Two Stars (PIPS)
Oristlaytenant (OBERSTLEUTNAT) Lieutenant Colonel, Lieutenant Colonel	One Star (PIP)
Major	No stars
Military officers (HauptleUTE)	Insignia
Hauptman., Captain (Hauptmann)	Two Stars (PIPS)
Rothmeister (Rittmeister) in Connection and supply units	Two Stars (PIPS)
Oberletence (Oberleutnant)	One Star (PIP)
Lieutenant (Leutnant), 2nd lieutenant	No stars

Temporary officers and cadets

According to the charter, the sergeant in peacetime, could move on the rank above - Feldwebel-leutnant., in war time When mobilization to replenish the missing officers (platoon commanders). This practice was widely used during the war, but only to those who had resigned in the rank of sergeants before the war herself and only to those who showed themselves a good serviceman. Some retired officers also called on the service in the rank of Feldwebel-leutnant. Practically feldwebel-leutnant performed administrative duties, and did not serve on the front line. To satisfy the demand for younger commanders on the same principle the title was created OFFIZIER-STELLVERTRERTER. (deputy platoon commander), and such soldiers practically could not rise above the platoon commander. They were treated as officers in the part, but the usual privileges of the staffing officer did not apply on them. Due to the fact that the level of losses among the younger commanders during the war was very high, there were cases when deputies of platoon commander or other sergeant officials for certain combat merit were put forward on the positions of lieutenants with the assignment of the title.

And Feldwebel-Leutnant and Offizier-Stellvertreter wore a vizefeldweble uniform with officer sabers. Feldwebel-leutnant wore officer shoulder straps and stripes of a sergeant on the collar and on the sleeve (cuffs), as well as sergeant buttons on the collar. The deputy platoon commander (OFFIZIER-STELLVERTRERTRER) was carrying straps of an ordinary serviceman, but with a border-framed in the metal instead of embroidery.

Fähnrich. (Officer's Cadet) was on the status between Vizefeldwebel and Sergeant. He wore Uninteroffizier uniform with an officer saber banding on the bayonet, but Sabli did not wear the prescribed exam. Then he became degenfähnrich, which was higher than Feldwebel. At the end of training, Degenfähnrich. It seemed to lieutenant "temporarily without a position." After approval by nominated by the officers, he finally received the title completely.

Sergeants (NCO - Non-Commissioned Officers)

Sergeant signs (NCO - non-Commissioned Offices) Differences were limited mainly to the cord rings around the cuff, and the framing of the lace and buttons on the collar. The sergeant also had signs of differences on the sheel. In addition, Vizefeldwebel and above wore a cross-peak and peak on the field helmet. In peacetime, the senior sergeant composition could wear an officer spike (edge) on PickelHaube helmet, which was higher than the standard spike for ordinary. Senior Sergeant also wore the officer's passage of the saber, which was more elegant than in the rank composition.

After 1915 simplified, the signs of differences for sergeants were also simplified. In 1910, instructions for uniformity form, demanded a closed continuous distinctive stripe strip on the collar and on the sergeant cuff. After 1915, the stripe on the collar was reduced to the "V-shaped" form on each side of the collar (classic buttercasters). This sample was also used on the Uniform M1910 Waffenrock, until the end of the war.

M1915 Bluse returned simple cuffs, instead of the sophisticated Swedish and Brandenburg Cuff Waffenrock. A homogeneous standard demanded that the short section of the lace in sergeants fits at the top of the postponed cuff. Practically, the lace of the cuff was rarely used, only the shoelace of the collar remained. The pre-war sergeant lace was made of embroidered gold or silver fabric, depending on the shelf standards. After 1915, the gold and silver lace was replaced by a less catchy type. Official name there was a matte gray embroidered tape (lace), but the standard colors were widely varied, including dark brown tapes of artificial silk, washer-gray, field gray, from gray cotton fabric, field gray / b fabric with white borders, and other colors combinations and fabrics.

Segens buttons were also simplified. The tronged buttons of the sergeant composition were gold or silver (covered), in accordance with the regimental standards. After 1915, they are made of steel, and painted in various colors, including field camouflage, gray, brown, dark green.

Signs of Sergeant Differences

Etatmässige Feldfebel	This title corresponds to the foreman (in the Russian army). Golden or silver lace around the edge of the collar, with a large button on each side, opposite the pursuit, with the image of the coat of arms (Prussian Eagle, Bavarian Lion, etc.). Additionally, two similar bands of the braid (lace) are 16-mm, around each hand, one on the back of the cuff and one above. Two vertical stripes made of intertwined cameplus lace
Feldwebel	The same as the older Feldwebel, but without the second lace lace above the cuff
Vizefeldwebel (Staff Sergeant)	The same as Feldwebel, but only with one lane of a chain lace on a collar overcoat
Sergeant	The same as at Vizefeldwebel, except that there is no bunch of officer saber
Unter-Officer (Capral)	Everything is like a sergeant, but with nco buttons on the collar
ObergeFreiter (ObergeFreiter)	One buttice NCO on each side of the collar, without laces in a collar or cuff. This title appeared throughout the First World War and only for artillery servants
Hefreiter	All the same as ObergeFreiter, but NCO buttons were smaller

In Connection, field artillery, and field kitchens, Feldwebel (Wachmeister) became a wachmeister. In the battalions of Henvents (Jäger), Unter-Officers became Ober Jegery (Oberjäger).

Private did not have any signs of distinction, and simply called Soldat, or Gemeiner. In every kind of troops there were different names of troops: Infanterist, Jäger, Schütze, Gardist, Grenader, Fusill, Musketeer, and Scout, for various infantry regiments; Kürassier, Dragoner, Husar, and Ulan, for various cavalry regiments; Kanonier for artilleryrs; and Flieger for the units of the Air Fleet.

Pre-war Etatmässige Feldwebel, approximately 1900,

Mark sergeant buttons and continuous lace in collar and double lace lace in brandenburg style cuff

UNTEROFFIZIER JULIUS WILHELM EMMANUEL LUX), in front of 1914, notice the cord of the sergeant composition in the Brandenburg style collar and cuff

Photo: Courtesy of Gunther Winkler, HERR LUX "S Grandson

Unter-Officer, tick the "V-shaped" Sergeant Galun in the retires of the collar, and the lack of stripes on the sleeves of his uniform M1910 Waffenrock

Feldfebel in transition M1915,

Mark the continuous sergeant lace in the collar and lack of cuff

Early military photography Around 1915, Unter-Officer on the left, mark the sergeant lace in the collar and cuff, and the Efreitor (Gefreiter) to the right, mark the small sergeant buttons collars

Various buttons for collars

NCO - Sergeant composition:

Pre-war Silver Bavarian Buttons for NCO Collar

OK. 1915 Bavarian Button Collar NCO

Pre-war silver button Würtemburg

Pre-war Prussian Button on the Collar Efreitor

OK. 1915 Prussian Button on the Collar Efreitor

Afterword

This short review gives some idea of \u200b\u200bthe signs of distinction taken in german army 1914-1918 This is by no means full OverviewSince it does not include stock servicemen, Landwehr, and Landsturm units. It must be remembered that, while the "official" military instructions set out certain rules that the army must follow, the chaos of military expediency made them only guidelines, guided primarily by local conditions and needs. Exploring old photos will always find certain combinations different species Uniforms and signs of differences that we considered above.

INFANTRY p. 200.
The form of Feldgrah's color was adopted by German infantry in 1910. Due to this, the infantrymen received practical and unnecessary wear outfit, which did not undergo radical changes until 1918.

Lower ranks
All soldiers and nonsense officers of infantry regiments received standard uniforms (so-called. Feldrock), free and comfortable. Such a uniform was fastened for eight nickel buttons. On the skirts of the uniform were fastened on buttons pockets. The uniform had a stand-postponed collar (with double galloon buttons (Litzen) for those linear regiments, which were guards in individual German states. These were 89th, 100th, 101th, 109th, 115th, 119th and 123rd shelves. Grenadier shelves were shaped with single loops and with red edge. The shelf below the collar also had a red cant. The wrapped ranged depending on the specific shelf (they could be Swedish, Saxon or Brandenburg). Same Refined to mow. In peacetime, they were a certain color and denoted to which army corps include the regiment. I, II, IX, X, XII, XIV, I Bavarian corps had white straps; III, IV, XI, XIII, XV, XIX, II Bavarian - red; V, VI, XVI, XVII, III Bavarian - Yellow; VII, VIII, XVIII, XX - Light blue; XXI Case - light green. Emplooms were attached to the uniform buttons with the number of companies on it or the letter "l" in all Life shelves (this meant that the part was elite and before Guards status). Officer Mundira's Sleeves and Sleeves and Sleeves were decorated with Golden Galun. ONTER-Officers wore a larger buttons on the collar. The symbol of the corresponding German state was knocked out on the button (in the Bavarian shelves - the lion, in others - different variants of the crown). In the 73rd and 79th shelves over the blue strip of the fabric, worn over the right grind, the yellow thread was embroidered the word "Gibraltar". On the caps of officers and nonsense officers of the 92nd shelf one of the elements of the cokard was a silver skull. In 1914, the infantrymen wore mouse-gray pants of the 1907 sample with the Red Cant and the boots from genuine leather or, from December, 1914, shoes on laces with windings. In winter, they put on gray sinels with red petties (although in the 150th shelf of the loops were yellow, and in the 151st - light blue. In addition, in the following shelves, the loops were white: in 146-m, 148-m, 152 -M, 154- m, 156th, 158th, 160th, 162nd, 164th, 166th, 171st, 173 and 175th). In 1915, it was decided to refuse non-ferrous loovels.

Officers
Officer uniforms were made of better material and had a high collar, gold buttons (which during the war quickly painted black or gray paint), silver cord shoulder straps with color seabed and regiments or monograms. The title was designated golden stars.

Headwear and Equipment
The infantrymen wore famous helmets with a pointed imagine (Pickel Hube) for infantry (sample 1895, in Bavaria - sample 1896) with front and rear visors. The helmet was made of black leather. In front of the metallic fucking with the coat of arms of the relevant state. The helmet was worn with a casing of a gray matter, which was turned or applied paint with the help of the stencil number of the Red Shelf (from September 1914 - green).
In the backup shelves on the case, the letter R. The officers wore helmets more high Quality or caps. The latter were gray, had red Cant and Stick, a black visor and a selection strap. Imperial cokard was mounted on Tul (outside the black, in the center - white and red flowers), on the near-theme - state cokard. A gray case could be worn on the cap. Equipment consisted of a belt belt made of genuine leather, which had a buckle with the state coat of arms: with the crown and the inscription "Gott Mit Uns" (God with us!) In Prussian shelves or smooth for non-officers. In addition, two three-piece slices made of genuine leather and a bayon were suspended to the belt belt. The latter had a dank, white in itself, with a leg and knots whose color differed depending on the number of the company or battalion. Drugs of non-officers had white nodes stitched with flower threads state Flag.. The infantrymen wore a knee of the skin with straps. In 1913, a brown tarpaulter was adopted for supply. Sinels rolled and moved to the wound with straps, the pot trailed to the wreck valve. Flasks in a case of felt or cotton fabric, as well as a sugar bag attached from behind under the wreck. Infantrymen had a Shant tool with them. Unter-officers were armed with guns. The officers initially had the right to wear silver belts with the threads of the color of the state flag. The armament of the officer consisted of guns and swords. Equipment included binoculars in a case and a field bag.

Equal war
As soon as the war from maneuverable turned into a positional, German troops began to quickly take measures to make the form of a less noticeable and prepared in new "socket" conditions. Buttons were repainted, the officer belts are replaced with straps made of genuine leather, belts buckles - burned. The production of helmets with removable versions and darkened front blades began, the regiments should not be applied on the covers. In September 1915, the soldiers were ordered not to wear inspired during the battle. Pants were now asphalt colors and did not have Red Kant. In 1915, the production of sinels without colored loops began, at the same time the uniforms of the simplified cut with gray buttons began to flow into the troops. But most an important change The introduction of a free jacket or blouse was in the form. It was received officers, non-commissioned officers and ordinary. The blouse was a bit darker compared to the standard uniform and had a stand-postponed collar with a noticeable green trim (in the Bavarian shelves, the collar was colors of Feldgra, sheltered around the edge of a characteristic gray or blue matte (among officers - silver-blue) Kima, in 1917 Reduced to two thin strips). Galuine stripes on the collar (Litzen) are preserved. Shoots have become smaller in size and easier. In most part of the infantry regiments on the pursuit, the White Cant was preserved (but in the 114th shepherd Kant was light green, in the 7th, 11th, and 118th shelves - Yellow, in 117th - purple, in 145- M - light blue, in the 8th, 115th and 168th - red). As before, the number of the regiment or monogram was indicated on the shoulder. The jacket was fastened for six zinc buttons, had two external and six internal pockets. Unter-Officers uniforms are now manufactured without decorative Kants on the collar. Decorations have brought to simple chevron in the corners of the collar. Feldafeli (the title, approximately equivalent to the senior sergeant) wore chevrons (yellow or white) on the top of the sleeve. The officer uniforms had a tougher and high collar.
In 1917, gray pants were again introduced, but on the front there were variants of gray, black or brown flowers. German infantrymen, as a rule, wore shoes. However, the skin quality was very low, so often preference was given to trophy boots. In the final period of the war, the soldiers often used windings, including trophy, which were painted in gray. The officers wore breeches (they are "Stiffelchoz") and boots. Shinels were made from the same material as uniforms. They had a light green collar (Bavarians - gray with a border). The loovers on the collar was no longer. Signs The differences in non-commissioned officers are preserved. Equipment has now included a gas mask, which was first wore in a bag on the neck, and then in a cylindrical container. The officers did not have more sword, preferring a dagger or cortic.

Evolution of headdress
If the officer did not wear a helmet with a pointed screw, then he wore a cap with a visor. Both heads can be worn with a case. Unter-Officers and ordinary wore a cap without a visor ("Feldmutz"). On September 21, 1915, a helmet was introduced with a removable imaginary. It was changed by a new steel helmet. The previous version of the steel helmet (known as Casque von Gede) was tested in 1915, but its use was limited.

In December 1915, a small battle of helmets from pressed felt was made for the troops sent to the Balkans (some of these helmets also hit the part in France). Instead of a metal fucking in this helmet, tinted linings were used. In the Balkans, such helmets were often wore with the Nazynzlik ("Aircraft"), defended her neck to hot weather. The release of a better steel helmet began in 1916 after the tests carried out in November 1915 (the authors of the development - Scrend \u200b\u200band Bir). She was produced in five sizes and, as a rule, did not have a selection strap of factory manufacturing (they were removed from helmets with imparting and attached rivets to the helmets right in warehouses). At the same time, the selection of the strap was attached not to the prehemmer, but to the sickness itself. There is information about a small number of tarpaulin selection of straps made in 1917

In 1918, the release of helmets began to slightly changed the design with cutouts over the ears (obviously, in order to reduce the effect of the ring, which created the helmet of the previous design during the artillery shelling). She did not get spread during the war, but was widely used after it. Most of the soldiers were forced to bypass the cater model of 1916, which was usually painted in a dark gray, although the camouflage color was also used. Caske covers were light brown, white or protective color.