Read generals about the Jewish mafia online. Veterans of the military base in the central museum of the armed forces

Whoever finds out who really controls the world and tries to convey information to society, dies in a strange way, commits suicide, goes to prison, disappears or dies. This means that there are people who have approached terrible secret and their conclusions are worth listening to. Maybe disasters are organized by liquidators? But who are they? What forces are behind this? We won't know about this anytime soon.

Colonel General Troshev Gennady Nikolaevich.

Colonel General Troshev, commander of military operations in Chechnya and Dagestan (1995 - 2002), died on September 14, 2008 in a Boeing 737-500 plane crash in the Perm region. According to rumors, he was preparing a confrontation between the Airborne Forces and the official authorities.

Deputy Chief of Staff of the North Caucasus Regional Command of the Internal Troops of the Ministry of Internal Affairs of the Russian Federation, Major General Lipinsky Valery Vladimirovich.

On December 29, 2008, the Deputy Chief of Staff of the North Caucasus Regional Command of the Internal Troops of the Ministry of Internal Affairs of the Russian Federation, Major General Lipinsky, was killed in Makhachkala. Lipinsky's Niva was fired upon by unknown persons. The general was wounded in the chest, after which he was taken to the hospital, where he died from loss of blood.

Retired Major General of the FSB of the Russian Federation Alexander Rogachev.

On February 22, 2009, the body of retired FSB Major General Rogachev was found in a Toyota Land Cruiser SUV parked next to the Parisien restaurant on Leningradsky Prospekt with the engine running. At first, police officers assumed that Rogachev died naturally from an unidentified disease, but during a detailed examination in the morgue, experts removed a 9-millimeter bullet from the head of the deceased. Since Rogachev was known as a very careful person, and he was shot in his own car, it was assumed that the general was well acquainted with the killer and let him into the car himself.

Major General Petrov Konstantin Pavlovich.

On June 21, 2009, Major General Petrov, leader of the KPE party and head of the opposition project “Concept of Public Security” (KOB), dies in Moscow. Three came to him. They introduced themselves as journalists from Washington and asked for an interview. After meeting with them, the General, bursting with health, died suddenly on July 21, 2009! Petrov at one time participated in the development and testing space system"Energia-Buran". Despite official version about natural death, supporters of General Petrov still claim that he was poisoned.

Major General Ivanov Yuri, Deputy Chief of the GRU of the General Staff of the Armed Forces of the Russian Federation.

He dies under very mysterious circumstances. Ivanov’s corpse was discovered on August 16, 2010 (this year would be fatal for many generals). A decomposed body was found on the shore Mediterranean Sea residents of a coastal village in Turkey. The last time the general was seen alive was on the opposite bank - in Syria, when he visited a construction site in the notorious city of Tartus, where at that time new Russian facilities were being built. naval base Black Sea Fleet. After visiting the base in Tartus, Ivanov went to a meeting with Syrian intelligence officers (why does an officer of such the highest rank not have security). Somewhere around this time he disappeared. It should be noted that Ivanov was actually the second person in Russian administration military intelligence GRU. Allegedly, he was the organizer of a series of murders of Chechens living abroad. Yuri Ivanov is also associated with the Tu-154 plane crash in Smolensk, in which the President of Poland Lech Kaczynski, almost the entire military command of Poland, as well as whole line Polish politicians and public figures.

Major General Chevrizov Viktor, former boss Intelligence Directorate of the Main Command of the Internal Troops of the Ministry of Internal Affairs of Russia.

On October 4, 2010, Major General Chevrizov, the former head of the intelligence department of the Main Command of the Internal Troops of the Russian Ministry of Internal Affairs, shot himself in the head from an award pistol in his own entrance on Veernaya Street in Moscow. It is noteworthy that in the Chechen war, Chevrizov served as deputy head of the intelligence department for the command and use of special forces. A few days later, following Chevrizov, FSB Lieutenant Colonel Boris Smirnov shot himself in his garage in the north of Moscow (suffice it to recall the rumored strange request of the President of Chechnya to provide him with information about special forces soldiers of the secret security forces of the FSB, the Ministry of Internal Affairs and the Ministry of Defense).

Lieutenant General Dubrov Grigory Karpovich.

Lieutenant General Dubrov suddenly died on October 28, 2010, falling from a platform under an electric train in the Balashikha district of the Moscow region. First he was diagnosed with throat cancer. They had surgery at the hospital. The General’s Siberian health allowed him to return to duty after that, and he is again at the forefront of the information war. Then on October 28, 2010, he was pushed under the train. The general is not Anna Karenina, so he can throw himself under the train! The main version of the death was a contracted political murder with an attempt to disguise it as an accident. Dubrov served as chairman of the presidium of the Russian Anti-Fascist Committee and was a member of the coordinating council of military-patriotic public organizations Russia. Earlier, in February 2010, an All-Russian Officers' Meeting was held under the chairmanship of General Dubrov, at which it was decided to begin actions to prepare for the removal of the Putin-Medvedev regime. On November 7, Dubrov was supposed to speak at the rally “Army against Serdyukov” (at that time Serdyukov was the Minister of Defense of the Russian Federation). It is noteworthy that not only Dubrov could not attend this meeting, but also Lieutenant General Debashvili, who would be found dead in the center of Moscow, and Lieutenant General Shamanov, who would be in a car accident in Tula on October 30. A strange fate haunts the generals from the book “Generals about the Jewish Mafia.”

Lieutenant General Debashvili Boris.

On October 30, 2010, the body of Lieutenant General Debashvili was discovered near house No. 28 on Komsomolsky Prospekt in the center of Moscow. What happened to him is still unknown.

Colonel General Achalov Vladislav Alekseevich.

Colonel General Achalov died “after a serious and long illness” on June 23, 2011. Deputy Minister of Defense of the USSR (1990 - 1991), Minister of Defense of the Russian Federation (September 22 - October 4, 1993). Achalov was always known for his irreconcilable position towards the regime. In the fall of 1993, Achalov was among the leaders of the uprising that began in Moscow after the blockade of deputies of the Supreme Council of Russia. After the uprising he was arrested, but released under an amnesty in 1994. Later he demanded the dismissal of Serdyukov, was one of the main organizers of the November rally in 2010, before which Generals Dubrov, Chevrizov and Debashvili died under mysterious circumstances, and General Shamanov survived, but was hospitalized due to injuries received in a car accident, and couldn't come.

FSB Major General Konstantin Anatolyevich Morev.

On August 26, 2011, Major General Morev was found dead in his office with a bullet in his head. Morev served as head of the FSB department of the Tver region. Before this, Morev was the head of the Russian FSB Directorate for the Republic of Sakha-Yakutia.

Lieutenant General Shebarshin Leonid Vladimirovich.

Lieutenant General Shebarshin, head of foreign intelligence of the USSR (from 02/06/1989 to 09/22/1991), acting Chairman of the KGB of the USSR (from 22 to 23 August 1991), died on March 30, 2012 in his apartment on 2nd Tverskaya-Yamskaya committing suicide by shooting himself with an award pistol. Shebarshin graduated from MGIMO, knew four languages, worked in India, Iran, Pakistan, and Afghanistan. Shebarshin was Putin’s boss when he worked at the KGB PGU.

Army General Pavel Sergeevich Grachev.

Army General Grachev, Minister of Defense of the Russian Federation (1992 - 1996), died on September 23, 2012 at the Vishnevsky Central Military Clinical Hospital. The cause of death was either a stroke, or poisoning, or an incurable disease that tormented the general for a long time. The official statement from the Ministry of Defense said that Grachev died of acute meningoencephalitis. General Grachev was an epic personality, a man who prepared the Emergency Committee, but at the last moment defected to Yeltsin, then shot the White House in 1993, led the withdrawal of troops from of Eastern Europe, led negotiations on reducing the nuclear arsenal, led the deployment of troops into the territory of Transnistria, Abkhazia and South Ossetia, as well as the transfer of Russian peacekeepers to Bosnia; The First Chechen War took place under him. General Grachev, of course, knew a lot, and he took this knowledge with him to the grave, without writing a single line of memoirs after his resignation.

Head of the intelligence department of the counterintelligence service of the central apparatus of the FSB of Russia, Lieutenant General Oleg Skopintsev.

In December 2012, during the mysterious plane crash of a private Robinson R-44 helicopter, the head of the intelligence department of the counterintelligence service of the central apparatus of the FSB of Russia, Lieutenant General Oleg Skopintsev, called in most reports of this incident in the media simply “a resident of Moscow,” was killed. The main focus of this incident was shifted towards the shady businessman Fyodor Tsarev (known in criminal circles as the Peat Tsar), in whose company the general was on board the helicopter. Also during the plane crash, the son of the ex-head of the Federal Property Management Agency, Vasily Petrov, was also on board the helicopter, whose name the FSB also tried to classify. All three died.

Major General of the Strategic Missile Forces Bondarev.

On April 19, 2013, Major General Bondarev of the Strategic Missile Forces, a teacher at the Academy of the General Staff of the Russian Armed Forces, committed suicide. Bondarev hanged himself in the bathroom of his own apartment.

Vice Admiral Ustimenko Yuri Gavrilovich.

On the night of January 3, 2014, Vice Admiral Ustimenko, former deputy commander, shot himself in his apartment in St. Petersburg Northern Fleet Russian Navy.

Rear Admiral of the Navy Apanasenko Vyacheslav Mikhailovich.

On February 7, 2014, Navy Rear Admiral Apanasenko attempted suicide by shooting himself in the head with a medal pistol. He died in the hospital a few days later. Apanasenko's daughter said that the reason for the suicide was the lack of painkillers for her father, who had cancer.

Major General of the USSR Armed Forces, retired Boris Stepanovich Saplin.

On March 18, 2014, retired Major General of the USSR Armed Forces Saplin committed suicide by shooting himself with a medal pistol. It was reported that Saplin complained of terrible pain in his head caused by terminal cancer. There was also a suicide note about this.

Major General of the GRU Gudkov Viktor.

GRU Major General Gudkov shot himself with a medal pistol on June 8, 2014 in the south of Moscow. Gudkov “suffered from a serious illness and committed suicide from depression.”

Major General of Police Kolesnikov Boris Borisovich.

On June 16, 2014, Police Major General Kolesnikov (2012 - 2014 - Deputy Head of the Main Directorate of Economic Security and Anti-Corruption of the Russian Ministry of Internal Affairs) committed suicide directly during interrogation by jumping from the 6th floor of the building Investigative Committee RF. The reasons and circumstances of his death to this day are not fully understood, but there is a version. At the end of 2013, the department of General Kolesnikov began development in relation to certain Igor Leonidovich and Valery Alexandrovich. Subsequently, the media claimed that Valery Aleksandrovich is the head of the public fund for former FSB employees, the second person is Igor Leonidovich Demin, deputy head of the 6th service of the 9th directorate of the FSB. One of the intermediaries involved in the development of FSB officers passed operational information department being developed, as a result of which the FSB initiated a retaliatory investigation, the arrest of the general’s subordinates, and in February, he was summoned to the Investigative Committee as a witness for interrogation, which turned into an arrest. In March, the president stripped General Kolesnikov of his post. At the beginning of April 2014, Kolesnikov sent a letter to the Prosecutor General of the Russian Federation Yuri Chaika and the Chairman of the Investigative Committee of the Russian Federation Alexander Bastrykin, outlining his version of events. In May, the general began to receive “everyday” traumatic brain injuries one after another in the pre-trial detention center. He filed a complaint with the ECHR, claiming that his life was in danger.
Some media portray him as a high-ranking official who tried to fabricate a bribe case, after his arrest, smashed his head against the wall in a pre-trial detention center and jumped out of the 6th floor of the Investigative Committee. Other media and relatives present himself as an anti-corruption fighter who was arrested after an attempt to expose a high-ranking bribe-taker FSB general, then they stabbed him in the head several times in a pre-trial detention center and, after interrogation by the Investigative Committee, he was thrown from the 6th floor. There is a version that the situation arose in connection with the redistribution of the “cash market” of cash payment terminals. According to this version, the market was supervised by the GUEBiPK, including generals Sugrobov and Kolesnikov.

The trial in the Timiryazevsky District Court of Moscow over Korchagin, publisher of the book by the author General Dubrov “Generals about the Jewish Mafia”.

“To find Viktor Ivanovich Korchagin guilty of committing a crime under paragraph “b” . 2 tbsp. 282 of the Criminal Code of the Russian Federation and sentence him to imprisonment for a term of 2 (two) years.

Based on Art. 73 of the Criminal Code of the Russian Federation, the punishment assigned to V.I. Korchagin shall be considered suspended with a probationary period of 2 (two) years.”

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The defendant's last word
Korchagin Viktor Ivanovich

The accused under paragraph “b” of Part 2 of Art. 282 of the Criminal Code of the Russian Federation Case No. 1 - 295/2014

Your Honor!

Regarding the accusation against me under paragraph “b” of Part 2 of Art. 282 of the Criminal Code of the Russian Federation for the publication of the book by G. K. Dubrov “Generals about the Jewish Mafia” I can say this:

I do not plead guilty, either fully or partially.

I do not agree with the charges brought against me, since my actions do not constitute a crime.

By publishing General Dubrov’s book and distributing it, I acted on the basis of the Constitution of the Russian Federation Article 29

"1. Everyone is guaranteed freedom of thought and speech...

4. Everyone has the right to freely seek, receive, transmit, produce and disseminate information in any legal way.”

At the beginning of March 2009, General Dubrov gave me a CD - R with the finished book in electronic version. At the same time, he told me that the book contains information about the criminal acts of the Russian Defense Minister Serdyukov and the Jewish mafia.

I reviewed this book for the presence of extremist materials and, not finding any, signed it for publication on March 17, 2009. Then, by courier, I handed over this disk to the printing house of the State Unitary Enterprise “Oblizdat” in Kaluga. There they printed three editions of 3,000 copies each, which I distributed in small wholesale.

About the criminal acts of Serdyukov

Your Honor!

In the book of General Dubrov, the courageous Russian Generals told the Truth and only the Truth and nothing but the Truth!

Looking the Truth in the eye, it is necessary to say that my criminal case has a background.

On February 15, 2007, former furniture dealer Serdyukov, son-in-law of Viktor Alekseevich Zubkov, was appointed Minister of Defense of Russia. Appointed not as the Minister of Commerce, but as the Minister of Defense!

On September 14, 2007, the State Duma approved V. A. Zubkov as Prime Minister of the Russian Federation.

On pages 79 - 100, General Dubrov posted the text of his report at the All-Russian Officers' Meeting, in which he, as a specialist military space defense, cited evidence of the destruction of the army and defense of Russia.

I'll bring you short quote from his report: “Serdyukov, a pure businessman, became the Minister of Defense, having not only the structure of his commercial companies (registered to his wife), but also legal and political cover in the government due to family ties.

The army has become an area of profitable family business: one puts buildings and land plots up for sale by tender, the companies of another win tenders, and the third covers up the transactions. No Accounts Chamber will deal with this plunder of the Moscow Region’s real estate.” (Page 82)

From the report I read, it became clear to me that millions of people created the country’s defense, in which billions of rubles were invested folk remedies, and one former furniture dealer, who found himself in the chair of the Minister of Defense, has no knowledge of military affairs, to please the enemies of Russia, he is destroying this defense.

Therefore, I decided to print this information.

On page 21 of the book, the author G.K. Dubrov placed a black and white photo of a rally in Moscow on April 29, 2008 at the Combined Arms Academy, on the 2nd page of the cover a color photo, and on page 22 the text of his speech at this rally, where he demanded: “Minister of Defense Serdyukov resign.”

General Dubrov, handing over a disk with the manuscript of his book, asked me to receive the fee due to him - 10% of the circulation - not in money, but with his book for free distribution. I fulfilled this request.

From each of the three circulations received, I gave him 300 copies, and a total of 900 copies.

Everyone knows that information controls people.

General Dubrov's book had its effect.

Serdyukov - removed from the post of Minister of Defense!

The destruction of the army and defense was stopped

General Dubrov died. The main version of the death is a contracted political murder with an attempt to disguise it as an accident. He was pushed under the train. The general is not Anna Karenina, so he could throw himself under the train.

So General Dubrov, at the cost of his life, stopped the destruction of the army and defense of Russia. But instead of being posthumously awarded the title of Hero of Russia, he was posthumously recognized as an extremist!

I remember the farewell and funeral of General Dubrov:

A long line of people with flowers to the General’s coffin;

Honor guard of senior officers;

A large number of wreaths and a military salute!

The farewell ceremony for General Dubrov took place in the Palace of the Zarya military town. The Deputy spoke State Duma Ilyukhin Viktor Ivanovich.

After the funeral, he made a parliamentary request to investigate the death of General Dubrov, but soon unexpectedly “died” in excellent health. No one else made a parliamentary request.

By publishing General Dubrov’s book with information about the criminal activities of Serdyukov about the destruction of the army and the country’s defense, I acted (Part 1 of Article 37 of the Criminal Code of the Russian Federation) in a state of necessary defense, that is, in protecting the legally protected interests of society or the state from socially dangerous encroachment.

The first statement about initiating a criminal case against me for publishing General Dubrov’s book “Generals on the Jewish Mafia” was from a unit of the Ministry of Defense. I was summoned for questioning to the Department of the Ministry of Internal Affairs of the Northern Administrative District. The investigator examined this application impartially and refused to initiate a criminal case. .

Well, then we got down to business Binshtok and Dashevsky and with manic persistence they brought it to court!

About the genocide of the Russian people

Your Honor!

General Dubrov on page 110 of his book he said: “Russians were robbed, made beggars and homeless, they are being destroyed in every possible way, but they should not declare this out loud and in the media, because this is inciting ethnic hatred, this is “Russian fascism”, anti-Semitism . Cleverly invented? Modern Zionist sages are working tirelessly. While this is a direct, undisguised genocide of the Russian people, this is a grave crime, qualified by Article 357 of the Criminal Code of the Russian Federation, Genocide, for which there is no statute of limitations”...

Army General Rodionov on page 145 the alarm is sounded that genocide is being carried out in Russia:

“The demographic situation in the country is catastrophic. The country's mortality rate is three times higher than its birth rate. This is real genocide!”

Colonel General Albert Mikhailovich Makashov sounds the alarm on page 123 of the book:

“Today in Russia the genocide of the Russian people is being carried out. Every year our Motherland loses more than a million Russian lives.

Every day our losses amount to approximately two regiments. In legal terms, a crime is being committed in the country that is classified under Article 357 of the Criminal Code of the Russian Federation “Genocide”, for which statutes of limitations do not apply.”

Head of the MUR Fedoseev Yuri Grigorievich, on page 159 of the book, expresses alarm: “The threat of degradation and extinction of the titular nation, the extinction of the Russians, hangs over Russia.”

General Petrov Konstantin Pavlovich, who commanded the Baikonur Cosmodrome, on page 158 of the book indicates the root cause of the genocide, citing Old Testament:

“For the nations and kingdoms that do not want to serve you will perish, and such nations will be completely destroyed.”

(Bible, Old Testament, Isaiah, 60:12).

If Generals of such a high rank sound the alarm that the genocide of the Russian people is being carried out, then what remains for me, the Russian soldier of the information war, the publisher, no matter how I ring all the bells!

Shouldn't I have signed a book with information about the genocide of the Russian people?

Your Honor!

Every year the Russian people in Russia are missing about a million people.

Every day the losses of the Russian nation are several thousand people.

I have never known such a monstrous genocide world history.

If day gives way to night, then there is a reason for this - the Earth rotates around its axis.

If winter gives way to spring, and then summer comes, then there is a reason for this too - the Earth rotates around the Sun.

If the Russian nation is being destroyed at a rate of several thousand people a day, then there must also be a reason.

General Dubrov in his book examines the version that the genocide of the Russian people is carried out by the Jewish mafia.

In his article “The Jewish Yoke in Russia”, which he placed in the book “Generals about the Jewish Mafia” on page 23 he says:

“Today’s extinction of the Russian people, the decline in the birth rate, the unprecedented destruction of the people by alcoholism and drug addiction, organized and unpunished crime - all this is the result of the dominance of Jews in all echelons of power throughout the 80-odd years of the Jewish yoke in Russia.”

Here it is necessary to clarify the terms: Jewish nation and Jewish mafia.

The Jewish nation is a historically established stable community of people that arose on the basis of a common language, territory, economic life and mental makeup... (Ozhegov’s Dictionary).

The Jewish mafia is an influential group of people of predominantly Jewish nationality, carrying out criminal activities.

Trotsky (real name Bronstein) Lev Davidovich, Berezovsky Boris Abramovich, as well as the oligarch Kolomoisky, who today sends soldiers to kill Russians in Ukraine, are prominent representatives of the Jewish mafia.

My Jewish neighbor, with whom we have lived for 35 years in perfect harmony, the Jewish ballerina Maya Plisetskaya, the Chairman of the Kharkov Jewish community, Eduard Khodos, who exposes Jewish fascism, cannot in any way be classified as a Jewish mafia. These are honest, decent and hardworking people who earn their bread by the sweat of their brow. Neither my Jewish neighbor, nor Maya Plisetskaya, nor Eduard Khodos have ever been in the echelons of power.

General Dubrov entitled his book “Generals about the Jewish Mafia.” This title of the book clearly defines what is here we're talking about only about Jews belonging to the Jewish mafia, that is, about those Jews who are part of an influential group of people carrying out criminal activities.

General Dubrov identifies the Jews who carried out an armed coup d'etat in 1917 and seized power in Russia with the Jewish mafia.

Army General and ex-Minister of Defense of Russia Igor Nikolaevich Rodionov speaks about this in his article “The war against Jewish fascism is just beginning,” placed by General Dubrov in the Appendix of his book, pp. 142–145.

“The second part of this tragedy was that the Jewish mafia took the place of the destroyed national elite”...

Here is just one example of Jewish dominance. In 1936, out of 539 persons senior management There were only 5.75 percent of Russians (31 people), Latvians - 6.3% (34 people), Armenians - 1.8% (10 people), Germans - 2% (11 people). The rest of the nations did not have even one percent. But Jews occupied 82 percent (!) of senior government positions (442 people). The question inevitably arises: was it a Russian state or a Jewish one?”

Your Honor!

Suppose I refused General Dubrov to publish his book, where high-ranking Generals sound the alarm about the genocide of the Russian people. Then I would become an accomplice as an accomplice to this crime. Occupiers come and go, but the people remain. I am convinced that the trial to investigate the monstrous crime of genocide of the Russian people is already a historical inevitability!

How would I justify myself before this tribunal, and would there be a place left for my children and grandchildren on Russian soil?

There is information that I can only present as a version that every Jew for filing a criminal case against Russian under Article 282, brought to court, is paid 100,000 rubles from foreign grants.

Based on this version, one can understand the manic persistence of Binshtok and Dashevsky, who spent several years trying to bring my case to trial.

Let's assume that a similar case is being heard in an Israeli court. The Jewish defendant published a book in which Israeli generals sound the alarm that several thousand Jews are being killed every day in Israel through genocide. And two Russians who have Israeli citizenship testify that this book incites hatred and enmity towards Russians!

What decision will the Israeli judge make? Rhetorical question!..

Your Honor!

Since the testimony of the witness V.Yu. Dashevsky that “it was V.I. Korchagin who selected all the texts of which this book consists” and also other testimony are based on his assumption, they are unacceptable evidence.

In published books, in which I myself made a selection of texts, my name is always there.

Based on clause 2, part 2, art. 75 of the Code of Criminal Procedure of the Russian Federation, the testimony of witness V. Yu. Dashevsky is unacceptable evidence.

Your Honor!

Testimony of witness Binshtok F.I. “Since this book is sold in the indicated store and is available to an unlimited circle of people, the author, publisher and editor of this book perform actions ... publicly”

In the Russian language there are specific interpretations of the meaning of words. So in the Dictionary of the Russian Language by S.I. Ozhegov the word

Public - in the presence of the public, and the word

The public is people who are somewhere as spectators, listeners, etc., as well as people in general.

My actions in the publication and distribution of the book by the author G.K. Dubrov: I signed the manuscript of the book “Generals about the Jewish Mafia” for printing at my home on the 8th floor without spectators and listeners, that is, without the public, and sold the goods (books) to wholesalers also without an audience. I did not read this book to the public at the rally.

Based on clause 2, part 2, art. 75 of the Code of Criminal Procedure of the Russian Federation, the testimony of witness F.I. Binshtok is unacceptable evidence.

Your Honor!

The Indictment alleges that I “committed actions aimed at inciting hatred or enmity.” However, it is not indicated exactly WHO was aroused, WHEN was aroused and WHERE was aroused? And who, after this so-called excitement, committed any illegal actions (killed, beat, stabbed, robbed, etc.)? The specific names of the victims and victims are not indicated.

General Dubrov's book was published and distributed in 2009.

It's been five years! Many thousands of Russians have read this book!

There are no victims or victims, which means there is no crime.

The crime event itself is missing.

Article 24, Part 1, Clause 1 of the Code of Criminal Procedure of the Russian Federation says: “... An initiated criminal case is subject to termination on the following grounds:

1) Absence of a crime event.”

Your Honor!

When publishing the book “Generals about the Jewish Mafia” by the author G.K. Dubrov, I, as a law-abiding citizen, did not go beyond the legal framework. Namely:

I acted in accordance with the Constitution of the Russian Federation.

Article 28.

Everyone is guaranteed freedom of conscience, freedom of religion...freely to choose, have and disseminate religious and other beliefs and act in accordance with them.

…Everyone has the right to freely seek, receive, transmit, produce and disseminate information by any lawful means…

1. The law establishing or aggravating liability does not have retroactive effect.

2. No one can be held responsible for an act that at the time of its commission was not recognized as an offense.

G. K. Dubrov’s book “Generals about the Jewish Mafia” was published and distributed in 2009, and was recognized as extremist materials in 2011.

Your Honor!

Based on clause 2, part 1, art. 24 of the Code of Criminal Procedure of the Russian Federation, I ask you to terminate my criminal case due to the absence of corpus delicti in my act.

Based on Part 2 of Art. 275 of the Code of Criminal Procedure of the Russian Federation, I ask you to attach the text of my Last Word to the defendant to the criminal case.

Defendant V. I. Korchagin

Born February 5, 1937. Russian. In 1959 he graduated from the Vilnius Radio Engineering School. In 1970 - Military Command Academy of Air Defense named after. G.K. Zhukova. Commanded a platoon, company, radio engineering regiment, radio engineering troops: air defense corps, separate air defense army, air defense of the Far Eastern Military District; radio technical air defense forces of the country. After his transfer to the reserve in 1996, he was engaged in public veteran activities, being: Chairman of the Presidium of the Russian Anti-Fascist Committee, Chairman of the Union of Veterans of the Air Defense and Air Force Radio Engineering Troops, Deputy Chairman of the Union of Veterans of the Air Defense Forces, member of the coordinating council of military-patriotic public organizations of Russia, member of the DPA executive committee.

JEWISH YOKE IN RUSSIA

Fairy tales about Marxism-Leninism, equality, brotherhood, freedom are over, a harsh reality has set in, in which Russians and other indigenous peoples have been robbed and are under the cruel yoke of international Jewry.

Today's extinction of the Russian people, the decline in the birth rate, the unprecedented destruction of the people by alcoholism and drug addiction, organized and unpunished crime - all this is the result of the dominance of Jews in all echelons of power throughout the 80-odd years of the Jewish yoke in Russia.

Our current state of affairs was predicted by the German writer Wilhelm Marr back in the 19th century. He wrote:

“...At the moment, among European states, only Russia is the last bastion in Europe, and it is against it that the Jews are preparing their final blow. Judging by the course of action, Russian capitulation is also only a matter of time. In this vast empire... Judaism will find its Archimedean fulcrum, from which it can once and for all knock down all Western Europe from its foundations. Jewish conspirators (under the strict leadership of Lenin, Trotsky, Sverdlov and others - G.D.) will cause a revolution in Russia, the likes of which the world has never seen... At present, Jewry in Russia still fears expulsion from the country. However, after Russia is defeated, they will no longer have anything to fear..."

After the victorious Jewish revolution of 1917 in Russia, Lenin issued the “Law against Anti-Semitism” on July 27, 1918. According to this law of Ulyanov-Blank (Lenin), Jews in Russia after the armed seizure of power received the greatest benefits, were appointed to leadership positions in repressive bodies, the Cheka, Ministries and other hot and elite places, they were given priority when entering universities. Trotsky, Chairman of the Revolutionary Military Council of the Republic, to whom Lenin gave unlimited power over the military department, appointed only Jews as political commissars in all levels of the Workers 'and Peasants' Red Army. A “law” according to which anyone who spoke disrespectfully towards a Jew was immediately subjected to repression, including execution and confiscation of property in favor of the “offended” Jew. Isn’t this the true genocide of grandfather Ulyanov-Blank-Lenin against the Russian people?

And so that the reader does not think that I called the events of October 1917 the Jewish revolution only for the sake of rhetoric, I would like to remind you that at the head of the Bolshevik Party of Marxist-Leninists, at the head of all government structures, up to 80% were Jews, and 20% were half-Jews or men of other nationalities married to Jewish women.

And after the Jewish-bourgeois coup in Russia in 1991, which, as in 1917, was led by Jews, all government structures, the Kremlin apparatus of the President, financial and commercial structures are in the same hands, only today they are not solid Marxist-Leninists (Mordechai -Leftists-Blanquists-Leninists, have not forgotten that K. Marx is a party pseudonym, and his real name is Mordechai Levi from an ancient family of rabbis; Lenin is a party pseudonym, and his mother’s name is Jew Blank).

The centuries-old fooling and zombie-making of the peoples of the world has no longer become a secret behind seven doors, but a well-known truth. Today, peoples understand who the real enemy is, the destroyer, the terrorist and the executioner.

In the above, one of the main goals of Judaism is clearly visible - the destruction of Russia and its rebellious people. This is the reason for all the current evils and misfortunes in Russia, as the German writer Wilhelm Marr so presciently wrote about in 1879, predicting the capture of Russia by the hands of the working Russian people, excited by Jewish revolutionaries.

It is a pity that the Russian intelligentsia was unable or unwilling to delve into the essence of these prophecies for the destinies of the Russian people and Russian state, and listened with open ears to the sweet speeches of the creators of pseudoscientific theories, composed by false prophets of Jewish blood.

2. Marxism-Leninism, Bolshevism - the ideological weapon of Jewry

To the sounds of the “International”, Marxism-Leninism, Bolshevism under the hidden leadership of Zionism, laid down many hundreds of millions human lives, many of whom consciously sacrificed themselves in the name of the highest ideals of humanity, and in fact, in the name of the world Zionist dictatorship.

In accordance with the pseudoscientific philosophy of Marxism (remember the promises of the young Mordecai Levy, party nickname - K. Marx: “...And soon I will throw my titanic curses to humanity... Having accepted my teaching, the World will perish stupidly...) was created in Russia The Russian Communist Party of the Bolsheviks was another prominent Satanist and faithful disciple of Mordechai Levi Ulyanov-Blank-Lenin, who also declared “holy” ideals and “bright” principles.

Today, the majority of working people have experienced first-hand all these sweet stories about equality and brotherhood and realized that these were just hooks with which the Jews and their masters caught the working, downtrodden, illiterate people. Marx was just programming a crowd of dark people. The proletariat, the crowd, is a weapon to seize power and nothing more.

He who was nothing will become everything (this is the slogan of the ancient Jews, but about themselves, not about us), the dictatorship of the proletariat is an excellent slogan for programming the naive and those who believe in bright ideals. (According to A. Yakovlev: “Ideals for fools”) And after the overthrow of the national Russian elite in Russia with the help of a fooled crowd, who ended up in 1917?

Dictatorship of the proletariat. And who is it? Aunt Masha the cook? Shoemaker Uncle Pasha or mechanic Uncle Vasya? No, my friends, our grandfathers were deceived by the Jews Mordechai and Blanki just as cleverly as their spiritual and blood followers of the “faithful Leninists” of the Zionist persuasion, the “democrats,” deceived us today.

After the Jewish revolution in Russia in 1917, it was not the proletariat that became the dictator, but the “leader of the world proletariat,” the Kalmyk-Jew Ulyanov-Blank-Lenin, who was never a proletarian and never engaged in productive labor. To implement his dictatorship over the Russian people, he selected the appropriate team: Trotsky, Kamenev, Zinoviev, Sverdlov, all, oddly enough, Jews (normal proletarians?). This gang of “proletarians” also never worked as either workers or peasants. Next comes the “international”, which consisted of 80% Jews and 20% half-Jews and Jewish lackeys of various nationalities.

Here in reality is the Marxist-Leninist “dictatorship of the proletariat.” And this Jewish “dictatorship of the proletariat” unleashed such a bloody massacre in Russia, which claimed more than 60 million human lives, the best sons of the Russian people, who made up the gene pool of Russia. Russia, now Soviet, received a new ruling elite - Jewish. One of the tasks of Judeo-Tolmudism-Zionism with the assistance of Marxism-Leninism in one particular country (Russia) was solved.

Dear reader, when the heralds of Jewry, sputtering with saliva, scream from television screens that the communist-Bolsheviks destroyed Orthodox churches, destroyed more than 60 million human lives, you must clearly understand and attribute this not to the Russian people, but to international Jewry, which enslaved the Russian people and Russia in 1917 and this bloody Sabbath continues today.

From the above, the conclusion is clearly visible: Marxism-Leninism, Bolshevism is a weapon of international Jewry.

Today's leaders communist parties and movements, if they are honest Russian people, should think about what banner they are calling the Russian people and the fragmented electorate under. Ultimately, they call on the Russian people to stand under the banners decorated with the six-pointed star of the Jewish King David, the symbolism of which contains the meaning of the victory of the Jews over the non-Jewish peoples (goyim).

The overwhelming majority of representatives of the Russian peoples who believed in communism, were members of the CPSU and are members of the Communist Party of the Russian Federation today are honest people, loyal to their peoples and Russia. But they, infected with satanic rabbinic-Marxist false philosophy, think that they are fighting for Russia, but in fact they are fighting for the domination of the Jews for a despotic world state under the control of a Jewish autocratic king.

Do you need examples? Take them from our tragic reality.

The era of Jewish dissidents, the Gorbachev era of “perestroika” - from the Soviet-communist Jewish power to the democratic-capitalist Jewish power, the Yeltsin era of the destruction of the country, the theft of the national wealth of the Russian people by a bunch of Jewish crooks, the enslavement of the Russian and other indigenous peoples by the same bunch of Jews who seized all state levers of power, not without the help of individual Russian cowards and traitors to their people. Unfortunately, among these cowards and traitors there are many men who wear pants with stripes.

And, finally, Yeltsin’s last merit was that he surrendered power and his destructive course to his “successor” Putin, whose first steps did not reveal in him a defender of the Russian people from further genocide and destruction by “market reforms” carried out behind the scenes of the world.

Based on V. Putin’s repeated statements in the media that he will not allow the redistribution of property, one can conclude that thieves and robbers will be left with the loot, and the people will languish in poverty. But what redistribution are we talking about? Who should share with whom? Those who stole a fabulous amount with those who did not get their bearings in a timely manner and stole less? Nobody needs such a redistribution. This is not about the redistribution of property, but about its return to the people, to the state treasury.

Such “defenders” will not neglect the last asset of the people - to sell the land for next to nothing to the same insatiable mafia structures that appropriated the country’s people’s wealth and which today really rule Russia. Who can resist them? The executive power and legislative power (judging by the vote of State Duma deputies on the ratification of the START-2 treaty) are in their hands. All power structures too.

Who will stand in the way of further plunder and destruction of Russia?

The Russian people, if they wake up.

ALL AS ONE, STAND UP FOR THE DEFENSE OF OUR HOMELAND!

Each Jew is paid 100,000 rubles from foreign grants for filing a criminal case against Russian under Article 282, brought to court.

THE DEFENDANT'S LAST WORD

Korchagin Viktor Ivanovich

The accused under paragraph “b” of Part 2 of Art. 282 of the Criminal Code of the Russian Federation Case No. 1 – 295/2014

Your Honor!

Regarding the accusation against me under paragraph “b” of Part 2 of Art. 282 of the Criminal Code of the Russian Federation for the publication of the book by G.K. Dubrova"Generals about the Jewish Mafia"I can say this:

I do not plead guilty, either fully or partially.

I do not agree with the charges brought against me, since my actions do not constitute a crime.

In publishing General Dubrov's book and distributing it, I acted on the basis Constitution of the Russian Federation Article 29

"1. Everyone is guaranteed freedom of thought and speech...

4. Everyone has the right to freely seek, receive, transmit, produce and disseminate information by any lawful means.”

At the beginning of March 2009, General Dubrov gave me a disk CD–R with the finished book in electronic version. At the same time, he told me that the book contains information about the criminal acts of the Russian Defense Minister Serdyukov and the Jewish mafia.

ABOUT THE CRIMINAL ACTS OF SERDIUKOV

Your Honor!

In the book of General Dubrov, the courageous Russian Generals told the Truth and only the Truth and nothing but the Truth!

Looking the Truth in the eye, it is necessary to say that my criminal case has a prehistory.

State Duma on September 14, 2007 Zubkov V.A. was confirmed as Prime Minister of the Russian Federation.

On pages 79 - 100, General Dubrov posted the text of his report at the All-Russian Officers' Meeting, in which he, as a specialist in military space defense, provided evidence of the destruction of the army and defense of Russia.

Let me give a short quote from his report: « Serdyukov, a pure businessman, became the Minister of Defense, having not only the structure of his commercial companies (registered to his wife), but also legal and political cover in the government due to family ties.

sti MO.” (Page 82)

From the report I read, it became clear to me that millions of people created the country’s defense, into which billions of rubles of public funds were invested, and one former furniture dealer, who found himself in the chair of the Minister of Defense, has no knowledge of military affairs, and is destroying this defense to please the enemies of Russia.

Therefore, I decided to print this information.

From each of the three circulations received, I gave him 300 copies, and a total of 900 copies.

Everyone knows that information controls people.

General Dubrov's book had its effect.

Serdyukov - removed from the post of Minister of Defense!

The destruction of the army and defense was stopped

I remember the farewell and funeral of General Dubrov:

A long line of people with flowers to the General’s coffin;

Honor guard of senior officers;

A large number of wreaths and a military salute!

Farewell to General Dubrov took place in the Palace of the Zarya military town. The speaker was State Duma Deputy Viktor Ivanovich Ilyukhin.

After the funeral, he made a parliamentary request to investigate the death of General Dubrov, but soon unexpectedly “died” in excellent health. No one else made a parliamentary request.

By publishing General Dubrov’s book with information about the criminal activities of Serdyukov about the destruction of the army and the country’s defense, I acted (Part 1 of Article 37 of the Criminal Code of the Russian Federation) in a state of necessary defense, that is, when protecting the legally protected interests of society or the state from socially dangerous encroachment.

The first statement about initiating a criminal case against me for publishing General Dubrov’s book “Generals on the Jewish Mafia” was from a unit of the Ministry of Defense. I was summoned for questioning to the Department of the Ministry of Internal Affairs of the Northern Administrative District. The investigator examined this application impartially and refused to initiate a criminal case.

Well, then Binshtok and Dashevsky took up this case and, with manic persistence, brought it to trial!

ABOUT THE GENOCIDE OF THE RUSSIAN PEOPLE

Your Honor!

General Dubrov on page 110 of his book said: « Russians have been robbed, made beggars and homeless people, they are being destroyed in every possible way, but they should not declare this out loud and in the media, because this is inciting ethnic hatred, this is ≪ Russian fascism ≫ , anti-Semitism. Cleverly invented? Modern Zionist sages are working tirelessly. While this is a direct, undisguised genocide of the Russian people, this is a grave crime, qualified by Article 357 of the Criminal Code of the Russian Federation, Genocide, for which there is no statute of limitations”...

Army General Rodionov sounds the alarm on page 145 that genocide is being carried out in Russia:

“The demographic situation in the country is catastrophic. The country's mortality rate is three times higher than its birth rate. This is real genocide!”

Colonel General Albert Mikhailovich Makashov sounds the alarm on page 123 of the book:

“Today in Russia the genocide of the Russian people is being carried out. Every year our Motherland loses more than a million Russian lives.

Every day our losses amount to approximately two regiments. In legal terms, a crime is being committed in the country, classified under Article 357 of the Criminal Code of the Russian Federation “Genocide”, for which statutes of limitations do not apply.”

The head of the MUR, Fedoseev Yuri Grigorievich, expresses concern on page 159 of the book: “The threat of degradation and extinction of the titular nation, the extinction of the Russians, looms over Russia”

General Petrov Konstantin Pavlovich, who commanded the Baikonur Cosmodrome, on page 158 of the book indicates the root cause of the genocide, citing the Old Testament:

“For the nations and kingdoms that do not want to serve you will perish, and such nations will be completely destroyed.”

(Bible, Old Testament, Isaiah, 60:12).

Shouldn't I have signed a book with information about the genocide of the Russian people?

Your Honor!

Every year the Russian people in Russia are missing about a million people.

The daily losses of the Russian nation are several thousand people.

World history has never known such a monstrous genocide.

If day gives way to night, there is a reason for this -

The earth rotates around its axis.

If winter gives way to spring, and then summer comes, then there is a reason for this too - the Earth rotates around the Sun.

If the Russian nation is being destroyed at a rate of several thousand people a day, then there must also be a reason.

General Dubrov in his book examines version that the genocide of the Russian people is being carried out by the Jewish mafia.

In his article “The Jewish Yoke in Russia”, which he placed in the book “Generals about the Jewish Mafia” on page 23 he says:

Jewish nation- a historically established stable community of people that arose on the basis of a common language, territory, economic life and mental makeup... (Ozhegov’s Dictionary).

Jewish mafia – an influential group of people of predominantly Jewish nationality engaged in criminal activities.

General Dubrov entitled his book "Generals about the Jewish Mafia." This title of the book clearly states that here we are talking only about Jews belonging to the Jewish mafia, that is, about those Jews who are part of an influential group of people carrying out criminal activities.

General Dubrov identifies the Jews who carried out an armed coup d'etat in 1917 and seized power in Russia with the Jewish mafia.

“The second part of this tragedy was that the Jewish mafia took the place of the destroyed national elite”...

Here is just one example of Jewish dominance. In 1936, out of 539 top management officials in the country, only 5.75 percent (31 people) were Russians, 6.3% (34 people) were Latvians, 1.8% (10 people) were Armenians, 2% were Germans (11 people) ). The rest of the nations did not have even one percent. But Jews occupied 82 percent (!) of senior government positions (442 people). The question inevitably arises: was it a Russian state or a Jewish one?”

Your Honor!

How would I justify myself before this tribunal, and would there be a place left for my children and grandchildren on Russian soil?

There is information that I can only present as a version that every Jew for filing a criminal case against Russian under Article 282, brought to court, is paid 100,000 rubles from foreign grants.

Based on this version, one can understand the manic persistence of Binshtok and Dashevsky, who spent several years trying to bring my case to trial.

What decision will the Israeli judge make? Rhetorical question!...

Your Honor!

Witness Dashevsky V.Yu. in his testimony he accuses me of “Korchagin V.I. has always proven (and continues to do so at the present time) that the Christian religion is a creation of the Jews."

In the Bible - holy book Christian religion, on page 1 of the New Testament there is a genealogy of Jesus Christ from 42 (Forty-two!) of his Jewish ancestors and information that he was born in Bethlehem of Judea.

“1 Genealogy of Jesus Christ, the Son of David, the Son of Abram.

Abraham gave birth to Isaac; Isaac gave birth to Jacob; Jacob gave birth to Judah...

(Bible, New Testament, Matthew 1:1)

“1 When Jesus was born in Bethlehem of Judea in the days of King Herod...

(Bible, New Testament, Matthew 2:1)

In the book of a Jew, the grandson of a rabbi, Karl Marx "On the Jewish Question"", on page 30 it is printed catchphrase: Christianity arose from Judaism. It became Jewish again.

A statement of historical fact cannot serve as evidence of the editor's guilt.

Your Honor!

Since the testimony of witness Dashevsky V.Yu. , What “It was Korchagin V.I. selected all the texts from which this book consists "and other indications are based on his assumption, then they are inadmissible evidence.

In published books, in which I myself made a selection of texts, my name is always there.

Based on clause 2, part 2, art. 75 of the Code of Criminal Procedure of the Russian Federation, testimony of witness Dashevsky V.Yu. are

Your Honor!

Testimony of witness Binshtok F.I. “Since this book is sold in the specified store and is available to an unlimited number of people, the author, publisher and editor of this book perform actions ... publicly”

In the Russian language there are specific interpretations of the meaning of words. So in the Dictionary of the Russian Language S.I. Ozhegov's word

Public - in the presence of the public, and the word

The public is people who are somewhere as spectators, listeners, etc., as well as people in general.

My actions in the publication and distribution of the book by the author G.K. Dubrova: I signed the manuscript of the book “Generals about the Jewish Mafia” for printing in my home on the 8th floor without spectators and listeners, that is, without the public, and sold the goods (books) to wholesalers, also without the public. I did not read this book to the public at the rally.

Based on clause 2, part 2, art. 75 of the Code of Criminal Procedure of the Russian Federation, testimony of witness Binshtok F.I. are inadmissible evidence.

Your Honor!

General Dubrov's book was published and distributed in 2009.

It's been five years! Many thousands of Russians have read this book!

There are no victims or victims, which means there is no crime.

The crime event itself is missing.

Article 24, Part 1, Clause 1 of the Code of Criminal Procedure of the Russian Federation says: “... An initiated criminal case is subject to termination on the following grounds:

1) Absence of a crime event.”

Having succeeded his father, Jochi, as the Kipchak khan, Batu inherited vast possessions stretching from the Aral Sea to Eastern Europe.

By the time of his death as a result of all military campaigns western border ran from the mouth of the Danube north through the Carpathians to Kholm (modern Chelm in Poland) and Lublin, and then northeast to the Gulf of Finland and Lake Ladoga. The undefined northern border ran along the forests until he annexed the upper reaches of the Ob. The eastern border ran south from the Ob through the Irtysh to the lower reaches of the Amu Darya and Syr Darya. The southern border ran from the Amu Darya to the west to the shore of the Caspian Sea at the Kara-Bogaz-Gol Bay, and from the western shore of the Caspian Sea from the Terek to the south and then north to the Black Sea.

Not all of these territories were directly subordinate to the khan. Beyond the line from Nizhny Novgorod to a point south of Lvov were the possessions of the Russian princes; northern Khorezm often had its own governors, and the Caucasus barely recognized his supremacy. The khan also had some influence on Bulgaria.

Thus, the Batu ulus covered most of the fertile steppes, so desirable for nomads, but, with the exception of Khorezm and the Russian principalities, it did not have big cities and cultivated lands. In this respect, it was similar to the Jagatai ulus and differed from the Yuan Empire and the Ilkhan state. Among the nomads there were many more Turks than Mongols, and they also spoke the Turkic language, although Mongolian was used for official purposes, for example for khan “labels”. Subsequently, the Russians began to call all nomads “Tatars,” which is why many authors call the Mongols in Russia “Tatars.” The nomadic horde of Batu and his successors was located in the lower reaches of the Volga, but the permanent capital was considered the city of Old Saray, or Saray-Batu, on the Volga, which was replaced by New Saray, or Saray-Berke, upstream.

These cities were built by the Tatars, ruled by them and depended exclusively on the Tatars. The Asian territories were ruled by Batu's elder brother, the Horde, to whom the other brothers, Shiban and Togan Temur, and then their heirs, were subordinate. Little is known about them, except for those moments when they intervened in the feuds of the Russian princes.

Italian trading settlements in the Crimean Cafe (modern Feodosiya), Sudak and Kerch continued to belong to the Genoese and Venetians. They were given some independence in exchange for services. Italians also lived in Sarai. Among the Russian principalities, Batu subjugated Smolensk, Chernigov, Seversk, Pereyaslavl-Novoye, Murom, Ryazan and Rostov-Suzdal in the east; in the west are Novgorod, Polotsk, Volyn, Galician, Kiev and Pinsk.

At the court of the princes there were “darugachs” or “baskaks” - political representatives of the Mongol-Tatars and tribute collectors. At first, the Tatars sent Muslims from Khorezm to collect tribute, but then they replaced them because they hated them.

Exercising general leadership over the conquered lands, the Tatars made sure that the Russian princes continued to quarrel among themselves and did not enter into alliances. The title of Grand Duke was complained to one of the princes, and the Tatars could take it away at any moment and transfer it to another.

The interests of princes and boyars differed from the interests of peasants and townspeople, and sometimes rulers even sought to curry favor with the Tatars if their power was not too burdensome. Much more often it was the unprivileged classes who resisted the Tatars.

The Tatars also had to closely monitor relations with the Russian princes and their rivals, the Grand Dukes of Lithuania, because they did not receive any support from their relatives in Asia.

Relations with other Mongol states were not so important, with the exception of the ongoing hostility with the Ilkhans and (later) Timur's invasion from the former Jagatai ulus. From time to time, the Tatar khans entered into an alliance with the Mamluk sultans of Egypt against the Ilkhans.

After Batu died in the Old Sarai in 1255, and then his successors, Sartakh and Ulagchi, died one after another, Mongke appointed Berke, Batu’s brother, as ruler of the Golden Horde. (It is usually called the Golden Horde because Batu had a gilded tent with gold embroidery.)

Having become khan, Berke sent his military leaders Burundai and Nogai to deal with the rebel Galician prince Daniil and his son Lev. The success of the Mongols was such that Pope Urban IV and the European kings began to fear a new invasion. Died in 1263 Grand Duke Alexander Nevskiy. He became famous for defeating the Teutonic knights on Lake Ilmen. But he provided no less service to his subjects in that he tried to come to an agreement with the Tatars and maintain order in the lands under their control.

In the south, Berke was forced to enter into a confrontation with Hulagu over the Caucasus, which Mongke handed over to Batu. At the same time, he did not like that Hulagu was fighting with Muslims, because he himself converted to Islam. After the Battle of Ain Jalut, Baybars turned to Berke for help against Hulagu.

After the death of Mongke, Berke supported Arik Boge in his war against Kublai, as a result of which he became an enemy of the Great Khan and an enemy of the Ilkhans; but now he was ready to unite with the Jagatai khans. He also competed with Hulagu for influence over Byzantium. In the war with the Ilkhans, the military leader Berke Nogai reached the Kura.

In 1266 Berke died and the troops had to return. Berke did not leave a son. Although Nogai was considered the most capable of the Jochi clan, the kurultai chose Batu’s grandson, Munke Temur, also a Muslim, as khan.

In 1268, Mongke Temur, contrary to the wishes of Baybars, made peace with the Ilkhans, but later quarreled with Abaka. When Abaqa attacked the Mamluks in Syria, Baybars again asked for help from the Golden Horde.

In a short time, two alliances were formed: the combined forces of the Golden Horde and the Mamluks, Venice, Jacobus Siculus and Alfonso of Aragon on the one side; the Ilkhans with the Genoese, the Pope, Louis IX and Charles of Anjou on the other.

In the Golden Horde, Nogai remained the most influential figure, monitoring the Russian princes and encouraging them to fight the Poles and the Lithuanian princes threatening them. At the same time, he installed two kings of Bulgaria one after another and influenced the Byzantines.

Baybars died in 1277, and his successor Kalawun was not so hostile towards the Ilkhans. Mongke Temur died in 1280, and his brother Tuda Mongke, who also converted to Islam in 1283, became khan.

In subsequent years, Nogai remained the real ruler, who launched a new campaign against Hungary and Southern Poland, on whose territory he carried out raids. Then Mongke, who had lost interest in politics and became a Sufi dervish, renounced the Khanate in favor of his nephew Teleboge. But Teleboge conducted military operations so mediocrely that Nogai ordered him to be captured and given to his worst rival, Tokhta, the son of Mongke Temur. Tokhta executed Teleboge, after which Nogai proclaimed him khan. Tokhta ruled together with three brothers. Nogai himself and his Mangut tribe took possession of lands in Crimea. Two Tatar centers formed in the Russian steppes, which had serious consequences for subsequent history.

Tokhta quarreled with his brothers, and they drove him away. He fled to Nogai, who restored him to the rights of the sole ruler. Once again becoming khan, Tokhta immediately went against Nogai, taking the opposite side in the elections of the Russian Grand Duke and in the war between Venice and Genoa. In 1297, Nogai and Tokhta entered into open confrontation. In the first battle on the Prut River, Nogai won, but was unable to capture Tokhta.

Two years later, Nogai’s troops were defeated at Kagamlyk, and he himself was killed. Tokhta easily dealt with the sons of Nogai, who were far from the valor of their father, and replaced them in the Crimea with two of his sons.

Like Ilkhan Abaka, he married the illegitimate daughter of the Byzantine emperor. In 1303, he demanded concessions in the Caucasus from Ghazan, but he did not agree. Tokhta was going to move against Oljetu, but was unable to gain the support of the Mamluk Sultan Al-Malik al-Nazir, who repelled the onslaught of the French crusaders. However, Olgetu's attack was easily repulsed.

In 1311, having sent his son Uzbek to another reprisal against the rebel princes, he died in Sarai.

Tokhta was succeeded by Uzbek, who was devoted to Islam, but at the same time revered Yasu. In 1328, he approved the appointment as Grand Duke of Moscow Prince Ivan Kalita, who had won a long struggle with the Tver Prince. Since then, this title belonged to the Moscow princes, who ultimately led the liberation of the country. In the west, Uzbek temporarily restrained the claims of the Lithuanian princes to possess Hungary, Poland and Western Russia. In the Caucasus, he himself was stopped by Choban, the military leader of Abu Said, and after the fall of the Ilkhans, his advance was restrained by Arpa. In 1341 he died in Sarai and his son Janibek became khan.

Under Janibek, the Golden Horde entered a long period of gradual decline. Although Janibek once captured Tabriz and sent an army from Khorezm to Khorasan, he was mainly interested in the west. Grand Duke Simeon did not cause much trouble and tried to please, but still, for greater confidence, Janibek decided to confirm the ancient privileges Orthodox Church, especially after Polish king Casimir III threatened to abolish them in his domains. Janibek also restrained the claims of Casimir with the help of Aligirdas, the Grand Duke of Lithuania; Simeon, in turn, had to restrain the advances of the Lithuanians. But only the Ottoman Turks benefited from this balance of power, spreading their influence north through the Balkans and along the Danube.

When Janibek died unexpectedly on his return from Azerbaijan in 1357, his son Berdibek immediately stopped conquests, came to Sarai and declared himself heir. The Golden Horde lost interest in the lands south of the Caucasus.

In 1359 Berdibek was killed, which led to great unrest. Brutal wars began, both between Tatar rivals for the title of khan, and between Russian princes who were trying to free themselves from the growing influence of Moscow and supported various Tatar claimants. Meanwhile, the Lithuanian princes expanded their influence to Dobruja, the Dniester and even Kyiv, but could not cope with the Moscow princes.

Eventually, the territory of the Golden Horde was divided between Mamai in Crimea, Hadji Sarkis in Astrakhan and Urus Khan, who claimed ownership of Khorezm, in Sarai.

At the same time, instead of the Jagatai Khans, Timur, a native of the Mongolian Barulas tribe, who was not inferior to the Mongols of Genghis Khan in fighting spirit and skill, became the ruler of Central Asia. At his court in Samarkand, first Tokhtamysh, the nephew of Urus Khan, and then Edigey, the military leader of the Mangkut tribe, found refuge.

Since Timur did not hand them over, Urus Khan prepared to attack Khorezm. Timur, in turn, decided to help his new vassal Tokhtamysh. But in 1377, before the two armies met, Urus died.

With the help of Timur, Tokhtamysh took possession of Astrakhan and Sarai in 1378. Meanwhile, Grand Duke Dmitry (Donskoy), taking advantage of disagreements among the Tatars, in 1378 completely defeated the Arabshah's army on the Vozha River north of Ryazan, and in 1380 defeated Mamai's army on the Kulikovo Field in the upper Don.

After this glorious victory, the Russians could finally be freed from the Tatars if they continued to wage civil strife.

In 1381, on the Kalka River, Mamai, who had seized power, was defeated by Tokhtamysh. Mamai fled to Kafa and was later killed there.

Tokhtamysh did not immediately succeed in conquering the Russian princes. But in 1382 he took Moscow by siege. He then decided to renew his claims to the Caucasus and Central Asia. Many of his opponents, including Edigei, fled to Timur, who suffered fighting from Iran to the north and attacked Tokhtamysh. In 1391, Timur caught up with Tokhtamysh after a long pursuit along Kandurcha in the Urals and defeated him in a bloody battle.

After this, other khans were appointed, although Tokhtamysh was not completely defeated. In exchange for support from the Lithuanian prince Vytautas, he granted the prince's nephew, Jogaila, a label to reign in some Russian provinces and the right to collect tribute. He granted Vasily of Moscow the right to own Nizhny Novgorod and some other small principalities. But he did not receive help from the Ottoman Turks and Mamluks, since at that time they were threatened by the invasion of Timur.

In 1394, Tokhtamysh again invaded the Caucasus, but in 1395 his army suffered a crushing defeat on the Terek from Timur. Timur walked along the lower reaches of the Volga and reached the Don near Ryazan, where he attacked Yelets. He failed to advance further into Russian lands. Instead, he chose to destroy the nomadic camps of Tokhtamysh’s subjects in Astrakhan, Sarai, Bulgar and Crimea, after which he turned back and headed to India.

His campaigns weakened the power of the Golden Horde, weakening its control over cities and trade routes between Europe, India and China. Now Tokhtamysh’s position depended solely on Vytautas of Lithuania, who hoped (in exchange for help) to take possession of the territories of the Golden Horde. Tokhtamysh's rivals, Temur-Kutlug and Edigei, declared themselves khan and emir, dependent on Timur. When Vitovt and some Russian allies set out on a campaign to defend Tokhtamysh in 1399, his army met the army of Edigey and Temur-Kutlug on the Vorskla River.

The Lithuanian troops were defeated, but Temur Kutlug died from his wounds. Tokhtamysh was killed later when he fled to the appanage khan Shadibek. The Golden Horde remained separate independent state, but under the rule of Edigei. Edigei did not go to Lithuania. He turned to Vitovt for help: his goal was Moscow. Vitovt refused, but did not help Moscow either, since he wanted Moscow and the Golden Horde to weaken each other. Edigei besieged Moscow, but did not achieve much success.

In the Golden Horde itself, the sons of Tokhtamysh, supported by Moscow, fought against rivals supported by Edigei. Edigei himself never bore the title of khan. Later, Timur Khan, the son of Temur-Kutlug, and his supporters went to war against Edigei. Edigei tried again to find help from Vytautas, but in 1418 he was killed in a skirmish.

When Vytautas died in 1430, Lithuania again began to be divided among various claimants to the throne.

In this situation it won again Muscovy, A Golden Horde Civil strife continued to shake it, and it began to divide into hordes independent of each other.

In the west, with the support of the Lithuanians, Ulu-Mahmed, a relative of Tokhtamysh, became khan, but he had two rivals - Kepek and Devlet-Berdi, sons of Tokhtamysh. Even greater excitement was caused by Barak, the grandson of Urus Khan, who invaded from Kazakhstan and forced Ulu-Mahmed to seek refuge with Vytautas.

Around 1425, Devlet-Berdi captured Crimea. Other contenders were Said-Ahmed, another son of Tokhtamysh, and Kuchuk-Makhmed, grandson of Temur-Kutlug. The powers of Ulu-Mahmed were enough to confirm Vasily II of Moscow as the Grand Duke, but in 1437 his rivals pushed him to the upper reaches of the Oka, where Vasily went to war against him and his sons. The sons captured Vasily and released him for a large ransom. Ulu-Mahmed's eldest son, Mahmudek, who wanted to take possession of the money, killed his father.

In 1445, Makhmudek proclaimed himself the appanage khan of Kazan. Vasily continued to rule Moscow, despite the fact that he was blinded by his enemies.

Part of the Tatars from the horde of Ulu-Mahmed went to Said-Ahmed, who held the Crimea. In Moscow, Said-Ahmed was recognized as khan and tribute was sent to him. Mahmudek attacked Said-Ahmed, but was defeated. In 1449, with the support of Michael, a pretender to the Lithuanian throne, Said-Akh-med invaded Lithuanian possessions, taking Seversk and Kyiv. In response, Casimir IV, King of Poland and Grand Duke of Lithuania, supported the khan's rival, Hadji Giray, who captured Crimea and founded his dynasty there.

In 1449, Said-Ahmed sent an army to Moscow, but the invasion was repelled. Campaigns of 1451 and 1459 were also unsuccessful. Having invaded Podolia in 1452, he discovered the troops of Hadji Giray in his rear. Vasily II died in 1462, transferring the title of Grand Duke to Ivan III without any permission from the Tatars.

In Crimea, Hadji-Girey strengthened his position so much that he declared his rights to all Kipchak territories, although Said-Akhmed and his sons had never been deprived of power. When in 1466

Hadji-Girey died, and his capable son, Mengli-Girey, became the heir. Meanwhile, the Great Horde, as it came to be called, regained a semblance of its former power under the leadership of Ahmed, the son of Kuchuk-Mahmed.

Despite the alliance against the Tatars concluded by Prince Ivan III of Moscow and Prince Mikhail of Tver, Akhmed first sent his troops to Kyiv, Volyn and Podolia.

Casimir, who no longer trusted Crimean khans, in 1471 he agreed with Ahmed on a joint attack on Moscow.

Ahmed approached Moscow in 1472, but did not receive help from Casimir. He had to retreat, especially since the army was struck by disease.

In 1475, Ivan attacked Casimir for inciting Akhmed, and in this the Moscow prince was helped by Mengli-Girey, who invaded Kyiv and Podolia and demanded tribute. In 1476, Ahmed and his son Janibek forced Mengli Giray to seek refuge with the Turkish Sultan, who from then on became his ally. Akhmed again went to Moscow, but again did not achieve success.

In 1480, Ivan agreed with Mengli-Girey, who had returned from Turkey, about joint actions against Ahmed and Casimir. When Akhmed set out on his next campaign against Moscow, Casimir again did not come to his aid. Mengli-Girey and the Nogais drove Akhmed west into Sheybanid territory, where Aribeg Khan attacked Akhmed at the Donets River and killed him.

For some time, the Great Horde was left without a leader.

In 1482, Ivan attacked Casimir from the north, and Mengli-Girey from Kyiv and Podolia. The Lithuanians were also threatened by the Turks, who advanced along the western shore of the Black Sea to Kiliya and Akkerman (Belgorod-Dnestrovsky). Casimir once again turned for help to the Great Horde, which was now ruled by the sons of Ahmed, Murteza and Sheikh-Ahmed. In 1485, the troops of the Crimean Horde defeated the Great Horde and captured Murteza, who managed to escape.

In 1487, Casimir, having again quarreled with the Great Horde, fought at Kopistrina and defeated its army.

After this, Ivan III entered into an alliance with the Crimean Horde against the Great Horde, which he considered as his main enemy. Murteza, again fighting the Lithuanians, was defeated in the battle on the Goryn River, and Sheikh Ahmed drove him away.

Before Ivan and Mengli attacked the Great Horde and the Lithuanians, who again united with it, in 1492, Casimir died. His son Alexander, who failed to crush Mengli, was attacked by the Crimean Horde in 1493. But Mengli was stopped at Perekop, and thus communication between Moscow and Crimea was interrupted. Ivan then agreed with Alexander on joint actions against the Tatars, but he was held back by his obligations towards Mengli. On the other hand, Alexander and the Polish king Jan suggested that Sheikh Ahmed jointly attack the Crimean Tatars and overthrow Mengli.

The Poles and Lithuanians lost their influence in the southeast largely due to an indecisive policy, which was strikingly different from the persistent actions of Moscow. When Mengli advanced along the Dnieper, their forces were cut off.

The Turks marched along the Danube, and the Muscovites occupied the northern lands. The Great Horde and the Polish-Lithuanian princes could not successfully oppose Mengli and Ivan because they had different interests and different main enemies. Sheikh Ahmed understood that he would have a decisive battle with Mengli. He set up a fortified camp at the confluence of the Sosna River and the Don, but his brother Said-Mahmed and some of the troops abandoned him; Moreover, Alexander did not support him in this campaign. In 1502, Mengli informed Ivan of his readiness to attack the Great Horde, the number of troops of which had been reduced to 20,000, and the main camp was located at the mouth of the Desna.

The campaign ended in success and the defeat of Sheikh Ahmed's army. Sheikh-Ahmed fled to Astrakhan, where he was not received hospitably, and therefore he had to flee to Lithuania. For Alexander, the fugitive also turned out to be a hindrance, and therefore he decided to execute Sheikh Ahmed to please Mengli. After this, Mengli took Sarai.

So in 1505 the Great Horde ceased to exist.

In the same year, Ivan III died and was succeeded by Vasily III, and after him Ivan IV. The final victory of Ivan IV over the Tatars (with the exception of the Crimean) was achieved largely thanks to new types of firearms, including large and small cannons, which were not yet known in the steppe.

The Girey dynasty continued to rule in Crimea for a long time. In 1571 Crimean Tatars they even raided Moscow and demanded tribute, which was paid to them from time to time until Peter I.

The Crimean Khanate was dependent on the Turkish sultans until 1774, when it came under the rule of Catherine II. Formally, the Crimean Khanate became part of Russia in 1783. Material monuments of the Golden Horde are known from finds in ancient Tatar cities, such as Sarai-Batu, Sarai-Berke, and in a number of Crimean settlements. They owed their wealth to trade, tribute, and the labor of captives. Saray-Berke is best known from medieval descriptions and modern excavations. It is estimated that its population once exceeded 100,000 inhabitants.

Saray-Berke was built without walls, in the middle of a salt marsh. On its territory there was an artificial lake filled with water from the Volga. Water from the river, as in Karakoram, was used for drinking water and to power various mechanisms. The residence of the khan was a majestic palace, above which the golden crescent of Islam shone. A few streets and five markets were crowded with people, but otherwise there were few walkways or gardens between the brick and wooden houses. In addition to 13 large mosques, there were many small ones. The city was inhabited by Mongols, Alans, Kipchaks, Circassians, Russians, Byzantines, Italians and others. Each nation had its own market. Visiting merchants and other foreigners settled in special quarters surrounded by walls.

In one part of the city, with an area of 450 sq. m, archaeologists discovered remains of bricks, pottery, skins, fabrics, weapons, tools, copper cups and candlesticks, tiles, nails and needles; also the remains of fruits and vegetables, coffee, alum, saltpeter and other substances. All of them were damaged during the siege of the city by Timur’s troops and subsequent looting and fires, but some were preserved. The style of the surviving pottery and architectural details is similar to that of similar objects from Khorezm, although the influence of China, Byzantium and even the Egyptian Mamluks is sometimes noticeable.