Coast guard ships of the Black Sea Fleet. Black Sea Fleet Navy of Russia
History
History until 1917
The Black Sea Fleet was founded in 1783 after joining the Crimea to Russia. The first point of its basement was the Akhtiar Bay, located on the south-west coast of the Crimean Peninsula. The city of Sevastopol was laid here.
The fleet developed and grew a rapid pace, and already in 1787 he had 3 in its composition 3 linear ships, 12 frigates, 3 bombarders, 28 other military courts. Controlled the fleet of the Black Sea Admiralty.
According to bilateral agreements on the temporary (until May 28, 2017), the Black Sea Fleet (ChF) of the Russian Federation in Ukraine from 1995 and 1997, the Black Sea Fleet of the Russian Federation and the Navy of Ukraine with separate basing on the territory of Ukraine were created on the basis of the Black Sea Fleet.
70% of the entire infrastructure of the Russian ChF is located on the territory of Crimea. The 25-thousandth staff of the fleet is placed in three points of basic: in Sevastopol (Sevastopol, South Bay, Cossack), Feodosia, Novorossiysk and temporarily - in Nikolaev, where the construction and repair of Russian courts are.
By agreement between Ukraine and the Russian Federation on the status and conditions of stay of the Black Sea Fleet Russian Federation On the territory of Ukraine dated May 31, 1997, in the Ukrainian territorial waters and on land there may be a grouping of Russian ships and courts with a number of up to 388 units (14 of them of underwater diesel boats). On rental airfields in Guards and Sevastopol (Qache), 161 aircraft can be placed. This is quite comparable to the power of the Naval Group of Turkey. The indicated agreement was concluded for 20 years. The term of the agreement will be automatically extended to the next five-year periods, unless one of the parties notify in writing the other side of the termination of the agreement no later than one year before its expiration.
Despite this, for example, according to the Internet portal Flot.com from 26.03.2009:
"Modernization of the Ship composition of the Black Sea Fleet of Russia in the Crimea is possible only with the consent of Ukraine. This was announced on March 25 by the press secretary of the Ministry of Foreign Affairs of Ukraine Vasily Kirili in response to reports that appeared in the media about the fact that the Navy intends to transfer submarines to the Black Sea Fleot.
The replacement of armaments of the Black Sea Fleet should occur only with the consent of Ukraine, which is envisaged by the agreement on the FEF from 1997, and only after signing the regulatory documents by both parties, Cyril clarified.
The Ukrainian side against replenishing the Black Sea Fleet on the territory of Ukraine combat units, the replacement should be carried out adequately, in accordance with the type and class of replaceable ships. This question is not new and the position of Ukraine on it is well known to the Russian side, Kirili added.
Earlier, Deputy Head of the Main Staff of the National Security Service of the Russian Federation, Vice Admiral Oleg Burtsev stated that the Black Sea Fleet should have in at least 8-10 submarines and will be replenished with them. Ukraine considers it not as a renewal of the fleet, but as the supply to the armament of a new type of weapon, "he commented on the statement of the Ukrainian side."
Chronicle of political confrontation
According to the leadership of the Russian Federation, the aggravation of relations between Ukraine and the Russian Federation was caused by the election of the new president of Ukraine Viktor Yushchenko in 2004, who, being a guarantor of the Constitution of Ukraine, is obliged to guarantee the fulfillment of the requirements of part 7 of Article 17 of the Constitution of Ukraine, where it is written that "on the territory of Ukraine is not It is allowed to place foreign military bases ", as well as paragraph 14 of the transitional provisions of the Constitution of Ukraine, where it is indicated that" the use of existing military bases on the territory of Ukraine for the temporary stay of foreign military formations is possible on the lease terms in the manner determined by international treaties of Ukraine, ratified by the Supreme Rada of Ukraine "
On the night of January 18-19, the CF command blocks the entry of technology to the Crimean Lighthouse Sarych, placing an armored personnel carrier on its territory. In addition, the command introduces to the four main Crimean lighthouse - "Aytodorsky", "Evpatoria", "Tarkhankutsky" and "Sarych" - Armed units of marines. Due to unauthorized redeployment military equipment At Carych, the Ministry of Foreign Affairs of Ukraine guides Russia a note protest.
Event development resembles a similar Russian-Ukrainian confrontation of 2003, when the dispute due to several islands of the Tuzlin Spray in the Kerch Strait, the total area of \u200b\u200bwhich is about 3 km², almost a converse of a military collision. In December 2003, the "intervention" of the Russian president was required to resolve the crisis around Tuzlin Spit together with the Ukrainian president.
Representatives of the nationalist organizations of Ukraine constantly picing the objects of the fleet of Russia in the Crimea, demanding "to terminate the occupation of Ukraine".
Ships of the Black Sea Fleet of the Navy of Russia.
In December, the plans of the Ministry of Defense of Ukraine on the redeployment of troops to the Ukrainian-Russian border were made in December, but after solving problems with gas transit through the territory of Ukraine and gas for Ukraine, these plans were forgotten.
On June 23, Ukrainian militiamen detained a service bus of the Black Sea Fleet with 30 sailors, who followed the mountain of the Opuk to the place of training Morpes. Checking documents lasted for more than 20 hours and ended with drawing up protocols on an administrative offense under the article "Violation by foreigners and individuals without citizenship of his stay in Ukraine" and the ingress of one of the servicemen in a military hospital with a thermal impact. Before that, such cases also took place. Employees of the Ukrainian militia referred to the implementation of the Decree of the President of Ukraine No. 705/2008 of August 13, 2008 "On the situation around the movements related to the activities of the Military formations of the Black Sea Fleet of the Russian Federation outside their deployment in Ukraine". At the same time, the Fleet command sent a protest to the Office of the Ministry of Internal Affairs of Ukraine in Sevastopol. In the document of the Russian Federation, the Russian Federation requires the police "to immediately terminate unlawful actions" in relation to the Black Sea seafarers.
In June 2009, the Chairman of the SBU Valentin Nalivaichenko said that FSB staff should leave the territory of Ukraine, referring to the fact that the Protocol between the FSB and the SBU, signed on January 25, 2000, violates the legislation of Ukraine. On December 10, 2009, it was reported that all employees of military counterintelligence of the FSB of the Russian Federation, who worked in Sevastopol in the Black Sea Fleet of Russia, left the territory of Ukraine, fulfilling the claim of the SBU.
2010 2011
According to the Resolution of the Economic Court of the Crimea of \u200b\u200bAugust 2 of this year, the Lighthouses of the Black Sea Fleet of Russia were to withdraw Ukrainian bailiffs. In particular, the court performers had to return to Ukraine two stations of the RS-10 Radio Navigation System, located in Evpatoria and on the territory of the Tarkhankut Lighthouse, also with seizures are subject to 6 lighthouses, 9 navigation signs and other equipment located along the Crimean coast.
On August 21, the activists of the Youth Organization "Student Brotherhood" began a civil action in order to revitalize the activities of the executive service to return to Ukraine of the Crimean Lighthouses: they penetrated the territory of the Sarych Lighthouse, cut off the barbed wire and posted the nameplate "Object of the Ministry of Infrastructure of Ukraine". 8 people were detained by the Black Sea Fleet sailors and were transferred to the arrived Ukrainian militia. On August 23, activists of the same youth organization put pickets in Sevastopol at the Lighthouse of the Black Sea Fleet "Chersonesky" demanding his transfer to Ukraine. The Ministry of Foreign Affairs of Ukraine noted that negatively belongs to attempts by representatives of public organizations to penetrate the territory of the ChF of Russia in the Crimea, as this may lead to tragic consequences.
October 19, Russia and Ukraine could not sign an agreement on replacing the ships of the Black Sea Fleet of the Russian Federation to new ones. The Ukrainian side has put forward the conditions for which Russia should coordinate with it every step to replace the ships, provide a complete list of armaments of new ships, conclude contracts for their service with Ukrainian ship repair enterprises. The same applies to ground equipment, coastal systems, aviation.
On March 6, the Minister of Defense of the Russian Federation Anatoly Serdyukov asked to take on the balance of Sevastopol 440 apartments of the Black Sea Fleet of the Russian Federation. The reason was declared a high price of gas.
On April 20, the Russian side asked Ukraine to abolish 15,000,000 dollars of taxes on cargo entering the country for the Black Sea Fleet of the Russian Federation. At the same time, Russia promises to send liberated funds to promote the socio-economic development of Sevastopol and others settlementswhere the Black Sea Fleet of the Russian Federation is deployed.
Fleet commander
Here are the commander of the Black Sea Fleet of the Russian Federation. Lists of the commander of the Black Sea Fleet of the Russian Empire and the Black Sea Fleet of the Navy of the USSR - see the relevant articles.
Modern condition
The list of red-known Black Sea Fleet (2011)
| A type | Name | Manufacturer | Side number | Bookmark date | Descent on water | Input to construction | condition | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Cruiser - 1. | ||||||||
| Rocket Cruiser Project 1164, type "Atlant" | "Moscow" | Factory named after 61 Communar (Nikolaev) | 121 | 05.11.1976 | 27.07.1979 | 30.12.1982 | In the ranks. Flaw flagship. In 1991-1999 Passed overhaul with modernization. Reinformed with PKRK "Basalt" at the PKRK "Volcano" 11th Brigade of Anti-Layer Ships Basic in Sevastopol. Includes the flagship of the Black Sea Fleet Guards Rocket Cruiser "Moscow" (Project 1164), two large anti-sidelines of the project of the project 1134 "Kerch" and "Ochakov" (the latter is not in line) and the guard ships "Mute" (project 61m), "Further" And "inquisitive" (both - project 1135). 197th Brigade of landing ships Basic in Sevastopol. Includes big landing ships Project 1171 "Nikolai Filchenkov", "Orsk" (not in the ranks) and "Saratov", as well as a project 775 and 775m "Azov", "Novocherkassk", "Caesar Kunikov" and "Yamal". 166th Division of Small Rocket Ships Basic in Sevastopol (chicken bay). It consists of rocket ships on the airbag of the project 1239 "Bora" and "Samum", as well as small rocket ships of the project 12341 "Mirage" and "Chang". 295th Division Rocket Boats Basic in Sevastopol (quarantine bay). Includes rocket boats P-71 (project 12411r), R-109, R-239, R-60 and R-334-Ivanovets (project 12411).247th Separate Submarine Division Basic in Sevastopol. It consists of two diesel submarines: B-871 "ALROSA" and B-380 "Holy Prince Georgy" (last - in repair). 68th Brigade of Water Area Protection Ships 400th Division of anti-submarine ships Basic in Sevastopol. Includes four small anti-sidelines: MPK-49 "Alexandrovian" (project 1124), MPK-118 "Suzdalets" and MPK-134 "Muromets" (project 1124m), IPK-220 "Vladimet" (project 11451). 418th Trawl Division Basic in Sevastopol. Includes four sea travelers of the project 266m: "Ivan Karshevka", "Vice-Admiral Zhukov", "Turbist" and "Kovrov".422 Separate Division of Hydrographic Courts GS ChF Basic in Sevastopol, b. South. Ships of AP.861 (HS "CELEEN"), 862 / II (GS "target" and "Donuzlav" GS), 872 / II (MGS "GS-402"), plus large and small hydrographic boats. The last commander of the division is the captain of 2 rank Chizhov Dmitry Ivanovich. In February 2012, in connection with the organizing events carried out in the Armed Forces, 422 SDNs ceased to exist. Instead, a group of ships was created, the group captain of which was appointed Pogrebnyakov Alexey Vasilyevich - http://www.kvvmku.ru/forum/profile.php?mode\u003dViewProfile&u\u003d2087&sid\u003d. In addition, the management of Lsuzba OJSC "Slavyanka" expelled from the building along Suvorov, 4. Now they are on Gogol, 37. Coastal Troops11th Separate Coastal Rocket and Artillery Brigade of the Russian Federation Based in Anapa. 810th Brigade marine infantry ChF RF. Basic in Sevastopol. Based in Temryuk. 1096th separate anti-aircraft missile regiment of the Russian Federation Basic in Sevastopol. 431th Sea Intelligence Point Basic in Tuapse Sea aviation Chf.7057th Mixed Air Base of the Russian Federation Basic airfield Kacha. Storm Squadron 7057 ABB CF RF Basic airfield Guards. The teachings of the Black Sea FleetCombat Operations of the Russian FederationBasery of the ChF in UkraineRussia leases most of the partial walls of the port of Sevastopol for parking over 30 warships and ships. In Sevastopol, the headquarters of the Black Sevastopol is also based on the headquarters, a naval hospital, the 1096th anti-aircraft missile regiment, the 810th separate marine infantry regiment, the 17th arsenal, yacht club. The total number of ChF in Crimea is about 14,000 people. In March 2005, Minister of Defense of the Russian Federation Sergei Ivanov said that Sevastopol will remain the main naval base of the Black Sea Fleet of Russia at least until 2017. Despite the construction of a naval base in Novorossiysk, to translate the headquarters of the ChF and the ship's staff is not planned. In 2010, the so-called Kharkov agreements were signed between Russia and Ukraine, according to which the basic agreement on lease of ships in Sevastopol extended to 2042 with the right to extended for another 5 years. Renting the naval base in Sevastopol costs Russia at $ 98 million per year and is paid by the supply of Russian gas. Entering new shipsMay 15, 2012 in Novorossiysk held a solemn ceremony of lifting the naval flag on a special purpose boat "Grechonok" of the project 21980. 2011
see also
Links
Notes
| |
After the events of 2014, the Crimea again attracted the attention of not only Russians, but also, perhaps, the whole world. And the point here is not only in the political scandal between the two states - Russia and Ukraine. And not in what a swiftness was conducted by Russia Crimean operation. And in the fact that after the return of Crimea, the Black Sea gained a second life.
It is no secret that over the years of ownership by Ukraine by the Crimean shores, the development of the Crimea strongly slowed down, and the cash resources from the treasury on the content of the peninsula were extremely small. It affected the naval bases of the Crimean Peninsula. The article will try to most fully describe what perspectives Russia has to develop the Black Sea Fleet on the Crimean Peninsula.
Balaklava bay. A bit of history
From history, it is known that the field of how Crimea has passed under the ownership of Russia, it was in the Balaklava bay ships of the Black Sea Fleet of Russia. Since 1776, the Balaklava Greek Infantry Battalion was located in this place. The basis of this battalion was emigrants, participants of the antioxian uprising on the islands of the Aegean Sea. It should be noted that the most king of Catherine Great was noted by his favor of brave Hellenes.
From 1853 to 1856, in the period Crimean warBalaclava and bay were captured by British troops. They turned the Balaclava bay into the military base and, in fact, there were storms from there, and there was military support in the siege of Sevastopol.
When dividating the fleet between Ukraine and Russia, according to August 1994, the Black Sea Fleet in Crimea had in its composition of the 153rd and 155th Brigades of the 14th Division.
At the same time, the 475th division possessed 14 large and 9th medium submarines and a floating base of the PL.
But it must be said that the submarine "Zaporizhia" (Project 641), transmitted by Ukraine under the fleet, was used for this base in the appropriate.
And after the separation of the fleets, she was sent to the docks for repair, which is still trying to hold the Navy of Ukraine.
After in 1995, Russian military sailors finally left the water of Ukraine, the Balaklava base was abandoned. And its actual "owners" steel hunters for non-ferrous and ferrous metals, as the base had huge stocks of equipment and machines.
And after a short period of time, when the Black Sea Fleet of Russia left the territorial waters of Ukraine, the Balaklava base was a heartbreaking spectacle.
Also an underground plant for the restoration and repair of submarine boats has become an object of excursions in the city and bay. The top secret base was actively used Soviet Union In times cold War And as a warehouse of nuclear weapons.
Better application secret baseIn addition to spending tours of tourists in a military underwater base, the Ukrainian authorities did not find.
How to divided the Black Sea Fleet
The agreement on the procedure and conditions for finding the Black Sea Fleet of Russia in the territorial waters and ports of Ukraine was signed in Kiev on 28 May 1997, according to the results of the intergovernmental agreement. Also, the conditions for separation of the ChF and mutual settlements associated with such a division were also stipulated. These documents were ratified by the State Duma and the Ukrainian Parliament in 1999.
The signed agreement gave the opportunity to divide the ChF of Russia and the Navy of Ukraine. The main base and headquarters were decided to leave in Sevastopol. And property disagreements should have been taken into account agreement on the division of property. Russia has moved 87.7%, and Ukraine is 12.3% of all ships.
All this period of coordination of the legal status of the Black Sea and its further fateOf course, a negative way affected its combat capability. Many from 1991 to 1997. What is happening was perceived as the fact that the Black Sea Fleet of the Navy of Russia slowly, but surely dies.
Black Sea Fleet in numbers
A comparison of the numerical composition for this period could not strengthen the fighting spirit of personnel.
So, compare the numbers.
1. Black Sea Fleet for 1991:
Personal composition - 100 thousand people.
The number of ships - 835 of all existing classes:
- submarine - 28;
- rocket cruisers - 6;
- anti-submarine cruisers - 2;
- BOD II rank, destroyers and guard ships II rank - 20;
- UKR - 40 units;
- small and ships - 30;
- trawers - 70;
- landing ships - 50;
- marine aviation - more than four hundred units.
2. Current fleet of Russia for 1997:
- The number of personnel is 25 thousand people. (including 2 thousand people in shock aviation and sea infantry).
- The number of ships and ships - 33.
- Aircraft as part of the fleet - 106 (of which 22 combat).
- Armoroshin - 132.
- Command Points - 16 (was 80).
- Communication objects - 11 (out of 39).
- Radotechnical service objects - 11 (it was 40).
- Rear objects - 9 (out of 50).
- Ship repair facilities - 3 (out of 7).
Under the 1997 section of the Navy of Ukraine amounted to:
- Martial ships - 30.
- Submarines - 1.
- Combat aircraft - 90.
- Special destination ships - 6.
- Supplement ships - 28 units.
The current state of the FF
The Black Sea Russia has always been and remains one of the main factors of stability and security on the southern seurrets. The Communist Party of ChF is just possible to provide these tasks on the turns of the Black and Mediterranean seas.
But the Black Sea Fleet is able to perform combat missions as well in different parts of the ocean.
The ships of the Black Sea Fleet of Russia successfully fulfill the tasks in the Japanese Sea, interacting with Baltic Fleet. Courts from this fleet participated in the operation of maintaining transport on the transportation of Syrian chemical weapons in the Waterlife of the Mediterranean Sea.
On a permanent basis, the provisions of the ChF successfully fulfill the tasks of countering piracy.
Increased combat level
The refund of the Crimea to the structure of Russia, undoubtedly improved the combat effectiveness of the Black Sea Fleet. RF on a planned basis has been able to properly develop the Navy on the Crimean Peninsula.
The naval forces will have a complex system in the Crimea, which includes land bases. The Black Sea Fleet of Russia acquired the main base for the placement of ships - Sevastopol.
The basic principles of the placement of the basing and infrastructure of the fleet are self-sufficiency and functionality. It will be necessary to re-equip the places of basic and underwater ships, the coastal troops with all necessary to ensure a full service and livelihoods.
List of ships
The reference books present detailed data for which you can estimate what the Black Sea Fleet of Russia today.
The list of surface ships of the Thirtieth Division:
- Guards
- "Kerch" - a large anti-submarine ship.
- Watchman
- Watchdow "Nal".
- Watchdog "Inquisitive".
The composition of the argument ships of the 197th Brigade:
Large landing ships:
- "Nikolay Firenkov".
- "Orsk".
- "Saratov".
- "Azov".
- "Novocherkassk".
- "Caesar of Cunes".
- "Yamal".
Composition of the 68th Protection Ship Brigade:
Small anti-submarine ships:
- "Alexandrovian".
- "Muromets".
- "Suzdalets".
Sea trails:
- "Kurovets".
- "Ivan Karsetka".
- "Turbist".
- "Vice Admiral Zhukov".
Submarines:
- Rostov-on-Don - B237.
- Novorossiysk - B261.
- (Ex- "Zaporizhia") - B435.
- "ALROSA" - B871.
Rocket boats 41nd brigade:
- "Bora".
- "Simoom".
- "Calm".
- "Mirage".
Composition of the 295th Sulinsky Division:
Rocket boats:
- "R-60".
- "R-71".
- "R-109".
- "R-239".
- "Ivanovets".
Composition of the 184th Brigade (Novorossiysk):
Anti-submarine ships:
- "Roworo".
- "Yeisk".
- "Casimov".
Traders:
- "Zheleznyakov".
- "Valentin Pikul".
- "Vice-Admiral Zaharin."
- "Mineral water".
- "Lieutenant Ilyin".
- "RT-46".
- "RT-278".
- "D-144".
- "D-199".
- "D-106".
I did not have to look for a plot for a long time, where the headquarters of the Black Sea Fleet of Russia will be placed. Sevastopol turned out to be the most appropriate for this (in the same place, where before March 19, 2014, the headquarters of the Navy of Ukraine) was also placed.
Prospects for the development of the underwater fleet
After the division of vessels, the Chernomorets are in service with one submarine - diesel "ALROSA".
To date, Russia has a program on the phase-out increase in the Underwater Armed Forces of the ChF. The submarine Black Sea Fleet of Russia will see the return on these efforts in 2016.
By this time, it is expected to replenish six new diesel submarines. Such replenishment of the underwater fleet in the root will change the alignment of the strength on the Black Sea.
The ChF will now be able to solve a variety of tasks at submarine depths and create a group to achieve combat goals.
The estimated deadlines for entering underwater ships are different. So, for example, on August 22, 2015, the Andreevsky flag was raised in St. Petersburg on the diesel-electric submarine "Novorossiysk". After full-scale tests on the Marine Polygon Northern Fleet It will undoubtedly be aimed at the place of long-term basing.
The third submarine from the series of ships for the Black Sea Fleet of the program 636 - "Stary Oskol" - was launched on the water on August 28, 2015. After a set of running and government tests, it will take its place in the field of ChF.
But that's not all. The completion of the housing of the Krasnodar submarine continues and the "Rostov-on-Don" is completed.
Two more submarines will be laid from the project to strengthen the underwater Black Sea Fleet - "Kolpino" and "Veliky Novgorod".
All 6 submarines of the program "636 diesel" are electrical, and until 2016, they will be transferred to the Black Sea Fleet of Russia. The composition of the crews for these submarines is formed and is being trained in training centers Navy.
Deck aviation
Of course, the Black Sea Fleet is obliged to have a full-fledged deck aviation. Now there is an opportunity to increase the pace of renewal of the park of sea aviation. It is planned to change the SU-24 aircraft to new Su-30 ms.
It is also important not to forget that it is in the Crimea that is a unique set of thread. For many years, the aircraft of the deck aircraft of the Northern Fleet in Crimea honed their skills on this unique complex.
The repair pace is also increasing the airpark. All this will achieve a given level and provide aviation of the Black Sea Fleet of Russia. The composition of aircraft technicians, ready to perform combat missions, will be within 80% of the desired amount.
Recreation of the basing system
It is assumed to recreate such a basing system on the Crimean Peninsula that will meet all the requirements for performing combat missions in the region.
The main base is deployed in the city of Sevastopol, there will also be placed points for the deployment of the Black Sea Fleet.
The main requirement for the placement of basic systems is their full independence on the principle of functionality and self-sufficiency. This port, where the Black Sea Fleet of Russia, the composition of ships, both surface and underwater, will be provided with all necessary for carrying out full service and livelihoods.
So, at the factories in Crimea as soon as possible, such production sites that would meet modern requirements and technologies. To serve newest shipswhich goes to the Black Sea Fleet of Russia, the phased replacement of machine equipment new ones begins.
Now the federal unitary enterprise in Sevastopol literally came to life. There was already a repair of two large anti-submarine ships of the Northern Fleet (they are part of the operational connection of the Navy in the Mediterranean Sea).
Also at the factory work on the repair of "ALROSA". In addition, it should be noted that the salary of workers was brought to the All-Russian level.
Now the Black Sea Fleet of Russia in Sevastopol received a modern repair base.
The same works are conducted in Novorossiysk on the federal target program, which is designed until 2020. Within the framework of this program, the location of the dislocation of the Black Sea fleet forces is envisaged in Novorossiysk. Just as Sevastopol, this port with his rare fender mole will undoubtedly, will be another combat placement of Russian ships and submarines.
Court of Equipment for the Black Sea Fleet
To ensure the safety of shipping in the Black Sea region, the Hydrographs of the Cheap will have a large set of works. It will be necessary to conduct comprehensive studies of coastal water management, which will lead to the adjustment of navigation maps. Hydrographic Covers Checking the operation of radionavigation systems with subsequent repair and modernization.
The whole complex of work will significantly affect the safety of shipping in this region, which, in turn, will lock the Black Sea Fleet of Russia, the composition of the ships of which is constantly replenished.
So, in order to comprehensively equipped underwater submarine and surface vessels, the ChF will be replenished by six more courts, which will undoubtedly have a positive effect on defense capability and will allow tasks not only in the zone of responsibility that the Black Sea Fleet provides, but also beyond.
The Black Sea Fleet - the operational-strategic association of the Navy of the Russian Federation in the Black Sea, has in its composition diesel submarines, surface ships for action in the ocean and neighboring marines, sea rocket, anti-submarine and fighter aircraft, part of the coastal troops.
The history of the origin and the formation of the Black Sea Fleet leads its beginning from the second half of the 18th century, when Russia has achieved major success in the struggle for entering the seas and established himself on the shores of the Azov and Black Seas. Sailors of the Black Sea Fleet took an active part in the revolutionary events of 1917, and since the spring of 1918 participated in the struggle against the upcoming forces of the German troops. In the course of the Great Patriotic War The Black Sea Fleet defended the base and the coast, defended his communications, acted on opponent's communications, caused aviation strikes on its coastal objects. In the subsequent time, restoring the infrastructure, the Destroyed War, the Black Sea Fleet performed the tasks of the protection of the southern borders of the country.
After the collapse of the USSR since August 1992, the Black Sea Fleet existed as the United (RF and Ukraine). According to bilateral agreements on the ChF 1995 and 1997, the CF of the Russian Federation and the Navy of Ukraine with separate basing were created, the status was determined. russian fleet On the territory of Ukraine.
On June 12, 1997, the historical Andreevsky flag was again raised on the ships of the Russian Black Sea Fleet, under which the Black Mountains resumed the participation of forces in distant campaigns not only in the Mediterranean, but also in the Atlantic, Indian and Pacific Oceans. In 2010, the Black Sea Fleet organizationally entered the Southern Military District.
On April 2, 2014, in connection with the adoption of new actors in the Republic of Crimea, the Republic of Crimea and the city federal significance Sevastopol President of Russia signed the Federal Law "On the termination of the Agreements concerning the stay of the Black Sea Fleet of the Russian Federation in Ukraine". After that, the renewal of the ship composition, aviation and technique of the coastal troops of the Black Sea Troops began.
The Black Sea Fleet protects Russia's economic interests in the region, ensures the safety of shipping, performs foreign policy actions of the government at economically important areas of the World Ocean (visits, business visits, joint teachings, actions in the composition of peacekeeping forces, etc.). During the period of operation of the air-space forces of Russia in Syria, the fleet forces from the constant grouping of the Navy in the Mediterranean was covered with the sea directions of actions of aviation with the Hamimim airbase.
History
History until 1917
The Black Sea Fleet was founded in 1783 after joining the Crimea to Russia. The first point of its basement was the Akhtiar Bay, located on the south-west coast of the Crimean Peninsula. The city of Sevastopol was laid here.
The fleet developed and retired at a rapid pace, and in 1787 he had 3 linear ship, 12 frigates, 3 bombarded ship, 28 other military vessels. Controlled the fleet of the Black Sea Admiralty.
According to bilateral agreements on the temporary (until May 28, 2017), the Black Sea Fleet (ChF) of the Russian Federation in Ukraine from 1995 and 1997, the Black Sea Fleet of the Russian Federation and the Navy of Ukraine with separate basing on the territory of Ukraine were created on the basis of the Black Sea Fleet.
70% of the entire infrastructure of the Russian ChF is located on the territory of Crimea. The 25-thousandth staff of the fleet is placed in three points of basic: in Sevastopol (Sevastopol, South Bay, Cossack), Feodosia, Novorossiysk and temporarily - in Nikolaev, where the construction and repair of Russian courts are.
By agreement between Ukraine and the Russian Federation on the status and conditions of stay of the Black Sea Fleet of the Russian Federation on the territory of Ukraine dated May 31, 1997, in the Ukrainian territorial waters and the landing of Russian ships and courts of up to 388 units may be located (14 of them 14 underwater diesel boats ). On rental airfields in Guards and Sevastopol (Qache), 161 aircraft can be placed. This is quite comparable to the power of the Naval Group of Turkey. The indicated agreement was concluded for 20 years. The term of the agreement will be automatically extended to the next five-year periods, unless one of the parties notify in writing the other side of the termination of the agreement no later than one year before its expiration.
Despite this, for example, according to the Internet portal Flot.com from 26.03.2009:
"Modernization of the Ship composition of the Black Sea Fleet of Russia in the Crimea is possible only with the consent of Ukraine. This was announced on March 25 by the press secretary of the Ministry of Foreign Affairs of Ukraine Vasily Kirili in response to reports that appeared in the media about the fact that the Navy intends to transfer submarines to the Black Sea Fleot.
The replacement of armaments of the Black Sea Fleet should occur only with the consent of Ukraine, which is envisaged by the agreement on the FEF from 1997, and only after signing the regulatory documents by both parties, Cyril clarified.
The Ukrainian side against replenishing the Black Sea Fleet on the territory of Ukraine combat units, the replacement should be carried out adequately, in accordance with the type and class of replaceable ships. This question is not new and the position of Ukraine on it is well known to the Russian side, Kirili added.
Earlier, Deputy Head of the Main Staff of the National Security Service of the Russian Federation, Vice Admiral Oleg Burtsev stated that the Black Sea Fleet should have in at least 8-10 submarines and will be replenished with them. Ukraine considers it not as a renewal of the fleet, but as the supply to the armament of a new type of weapon, "he commented on the statement of the Ukrainian side."
Chronicle of political confrontation
According to the leadership of the Russian Federation, the aggravation of relations between Ukraine and the Russian Federation was caused by the election of the new president of Ukraine Viktor Yushchenko in 2004, who, being a guarantor of the Constitution of Ukraine, is obliged to guarantee the fulfillment of the requirements of part 7 of Article 17 of the Constitution of Ukraine, where it is written that "on the territory of Ukraine is not It is allowed to place foreign military bases ", as well as paragraph 14 of the transitional provisions of the Constitution of Ukraine, where it is indicated that" the use of existing military bases on the territory of Ukraine for the temporary stay of foreign military formations is possible on the lease terms in the manner determined by international treaties of Ukraine, ratified by the Supreme Rada of Ukraine "
On the night of January 18-19, the CF command blocks the entry of technology to the Crimean Lighthouse Sarych, placing an armored personnel carrier on its territory. In addition, the command introduces to the four main Crimean lighthouse - "Aytodorsky", "Evpatoria", "Tarkhankutsky" and "Sarych" - Armed units of marines. In connection with the unauthorized redeployment of military equipment on Carych, the Ministry of Foreign Affairs of Ukraine directs Russia a note protest.
Event development resembles a similar Russian-Ukrainian confrontation of 2003, when the dispute due to several islands of the Tuzlin Spray in the Kerch Strait, the total area of \u200b\u200bwhich is about 3 km², almost a converse of a military collision. In December 2003, the "intervention" of the Russian president was required to resolve the crisis around Tuzlin Spit together with the Ukrainian president.
Representatives of the nationalist organizations of Ukraine constantly picing the objects of the fleet of Russia in the Crimea, demanding "to terminate the occupation of Ukraine".
Ships of the Black Sea Fleet of the Navy of Russia.
In December, the plans of the Ministry of Defense of Ukraine on the redeployment of troops to the Ukrainian-Russian border were made in December, but after solving problems with gas transit through the territory of Ukraine and gas for Ukraine, these plans were forgotten.
On June 23, Ukrainian militiamen detained a service bus of the Black Sea Fleet with 30 sailors, who followed the mountain of the Opuk to the place of training Morpes. Checking documents lasted for more than 20 hours and ended with drawing up protocols on an administrative offense under the article "Violation by foreigners and individuals without citizenship of his stay in Ukraine" and the ingress of one of the servicemen in a military hospital with a thermal impact. Before that, such cases also took place. Employees of the Ukrainian militia referred to the implementation of the Decree of the President of Ukraine No. 705/2008 of August 13, 2008 "On the situation around the movements related to the activities of the Military formations of the Black Sea Fleet of the Russian Federation outside their deployment in Ukraine". At the same time, the Fleet command sent a protest to the Office of the Ministry of Internal Affairs of Ukraine in Sevastopol. In the document of the Russian Federation, the Russian Federation requires the police "to immediately terminate unlawful actions" in relation to the Black Sea seafarers.
In June 2009, the Chairman of the SBU Valentin Nalivaichenko said that FSB staff should leave the territory of Ukraine, referring to the fact that the Protocol between the FSB and the SBU, signed on January 25, 2000, violates the legislation of Ukraine. On December 10, 2009, it was reported that all employees of military counterintelligence of the FSB of the Russian Federation, who worked in Sevastopol in the Black Sea Fleet of Russia, left the territory of Ukraine, fulfilling the claim of the SBU.
2010 2011
According to the Resolution of the Economic Court of the Crimea of \u200b\u200bAugust 2 of this year, the Lighthouses of the Black Sea Fleet of Russia were to withdraw Ukrainian bailiffs. In particular, the court performers had to return to Ukraine two stations of the RS-10 Radio Navigation System, located in Evpatoria and on the territory of the Tarkhankut Lighthouse, also with seizures are subject to 6 lighthouses, 9 navigation signs and other equipment located along the Crimean coast.
On August 21, the activists of the Youth Organization "Student Brotherhood" began a civil action in order to revitalize the activities of the executive service to return to Ukraine of the Crimean Lighthouses: they penetrated the territory of the Sarych Lighthouse, cut off the barbed wire and posted the nameplate "Object of the Ministry of Infrastructure of Ukraine". 8 people were detained by the Black Sea Fleet sailors and were transferred to the arrived Ukrainian militia. On August 23, activists of the same youth organization put pickets in Sevastopol at the Lighthouse of the Black Sea Fleet "Chersonesky" demanding his transfer to Ukraine. The Ministry of Foreign Affairs of Ukraine noted that negatively belongs to attempts by representatives of public organizations to penetrate the territory of the ChF of Russia in the Crimea, as this may lead to tragic consequences.
October 19, Russia and Ukraine could not sign an agreement on replacing the ships of the Black Sea Fleet of the Russian Federation to new ones. The Ukrainian side has put forward the conditions for which Russia should coordinate with it every step to replace the ships, provide a complete list of armaments of new ships, conclude contracts for their service with Ukrainian ship repair enterprises. The same applies to ground equipment, coastal systems, aviation.
On March 6, the Minister of Defense of the Russian Federation Anatoly Serdyukov asked to take on the balance of Sevastopol 440 apartments of the Black Sea Fleet of the Russian Federation. The reason was declared a high price of gas.
On April 20, the Russian side asked Ukraine to abolish 15,000,000 dollars of taxes on cargo entering the country for the Black Sea Fleet of the Russian Federation. At the same time, Russia promises to send liberated funds to promote the socio-economic development of Sevastopol and other settlements, where the Black Sea Fleet of the Russian Federation is deployed.
Fleet commander
Here are the commander of the Black Sea Fleet of the Russian Federation. Lists of the commander of the Black Sea Fleet of the Russian Empire and the Black Sea Fleet of the Navy of the USSR - see the relevant articles.
Modern condition
The list of red-known Black Sea Fleet (2011)
| A type | Name | Manufacturer | Side number | Bookmark date | Descent on water | Input to construction | condition | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Cruiser - 1. | ||||||||
| Rocket Cruiser Project 1164, type "Atlant" | "Moscow" | Factory named after 61 Communar (Nikolaev) | 121 | 05.11.1976 | 27.07.1979 | 30.12.1982 | In the ranks. Flaw flagship. In 1991-1999 Passed overhaul with modernization. Reinformed with PKRK "Basalt" at the PKRK "Volcano" 11th Brigade of Anti-Layer Ships Basic in Sevastopol. Includes the flagship of the Black Sea Fleet Guards Rocket Cruiser "Moscow" (Project 1164), two large anti-sidelines of the project of the project 1134 "Kerch" and "Ochakov" (the latter is not in line) and the guard ships "Mute" (project 61m), "Further" And "inquisitive" (both - project 1135). 197th Brigade of landing ships Basic in Sevastopol. Includes large landing ships of the project 1171 Nikolai Filchenkov, Orsk (not in the system) and "Saratov", as well as project 775 and 775m "Azov", "Novocherkassk", "Caesar of Cunnik" and "Yamal". 166th Division of Small Rocket Ships Basic in Sevastopol (chicken bay). It consists of rocket ships on the airbag of the project 1239 "Bora" and "Samum", as well as small rocket ships of the project 12341 "Mirage" and "Chang". 295th Division Rocket Boats Basic in Sevastopol (quarantine bay). Includes rocket boats P-71 (project 12411r), R-109, R-239, R-60 and R-334-Ivanovets (project 12411).247th Separate Submarine Division Basic in Sevastopol. It consists of two diesel submarines: B-871 "ALROSA" and B-380 "Holy Prince Georgy" (last - in repair). 68th Brigade of Water Area Protection Ships 400th Division of anti-submarine ships Basic in Sevastopol. Includes four small anti-sidelines: MPK-49 "Alexandrovian" (project 1124), MPK-118 "Suzdalets" and MPK-134 "Muromets" (project 1124m), IPK-220 "Vladimet" (project 11451). 418th Trawl Division Basic in Sevastopol. Includes four sea travelers of the project 266m: "Ivan Karshevka", "Vice-Admiral Zhukov", "Turbist" and "Kovrov".422 Separate Division of Hydrographic Courts GS ChF Basic in Sevastopol, b. South. Ships of AP.861 (HS "CELEEN"), 862 / II (GS "target" and "Donuzlav" GS), 872 / II (MGS "GS-402"), plus large and small hydrographic boats. The last commander of the division is the captain of 2 rank Chizhov Dmitry Ivanovich. In February 2012, in connection with the organizing events carried out in the Armed Forces, 422 SDNs ceased to exist. Instead, a group of ships was created, the group captain of which was appointed Pogrebnyakov Alexey Vasilyevich - http://www.kvvmku.ru/forum/profile.php?mode\u003dViewProfile&u\u003d2087&sid\u003d. In addition, the management of Lsuzba OJSC "Slavyanka" expelled from the building along Suvorov, 4. Now they are on Gogol, 37. Coastal Troops11th Separate Coastal Rocket and Artillery Brigade of the Russian Federation Based in Anapa. 810th Brigade of Marine Chief of the Russian Federation Basic in Sevastopol. Based in Temryuk. 1096th separate anti-aircraft missile regiment of the Russian Federation Basic in Sevastopol. 431th Sea Intelligence Point Basic in Tuapse Sea aviation Chf.7057th Mixed Air Base of the Russian Federation Basic airfield Kacha. Storm Squadron 7057 ABB CF RF Basic airfield Guards. The teachings of the Black Sea FleetCombat Operations of the Russian FederationBasery of the ChF in UkraineRussia leases most of the partial walls of the port of Sevastopol for parking over 30 warships and ships. In Sevastopol, the headquarters of the Black Sevastopol is also based on the headquarters, a naval hospital, the 1096th anti-aircraft missile regiment, the 810th separate marine infantry regiment, the 17th arsenal, yacht club. The total number of ChF in Crimea is about 14,000 people. In March 2005, Minister of Defense of the Russian Federation Sergei Ivanov said that Sevastopol will remain the main naval base of the Black Sea Fleet of Russia at least until 2017. Despite the construction of a naval base in Novorossiysk, to translate the headquarters of the ChF and the ship's staff is not planned. In 2010, the so-called Kharkov agreements were signed between Russia and Ukraine, according to which the basic agreement on lease of ships in Sevastopol extended to 2042 with the right to extended for another 5 years. Renting the naval base in Sevastopol costs Russia at $ 98 million per year and is paid by the supply of Russian gas. Entering new shipsMay 15, 2012 in Novorossiysk held a solemn ceremony of lifting the naval flag on a special purpose boat "Grechonok" of the project 21980. 2011
see also
Links
Notes
| |
Base system
Command
History
The newest story
The most serious blow to the Black Sea Fleot of the USSR was the collapse of the USSR and the following period of general political and economic confusion.
Chronicle of political confrontation
According to the leadership of the Russian Federation, the aggravation of relations between Ukraine and the Russian Federation was caused by the election of the new President of Ukraine Viktor Yushchenko in 2004, who, being a guarantor of the Constitution of Ukraine, is obliged to guarantee the fulfillment of part 7 of article 17 of the Constitution of Ukraine, where it is written that "on the territory of Ukraine is not allowed by foreign Military bases ", as well as paragraph 14 of the transitional provisions of the Constitution of Ukraine, where it is indicated that" the use of existing military bases in Ukraine for the temporary stay of foreign military formations is possible on lease terms in the manner defined by international treaties of Ukraine, ratified by the Supreme Rada of Ukraine. "
2005
The development of events is reminiscent of the similar Russian-Ukrainian confrontation of 2003 due to the braid of Tuzl in the Kerch Strait, when the dispute is due to the island of 3 square meters. km almost overgrown in a military collision. In December 2003, the "intervention" of the Russian president was required to resolve the crisis around the Tubles together with the Ukrainian president.
Meanwhile, Russia is building new naval bases and objects of the Black Sea and in its own territory. From January 1, the implementation of the Federal Target Program for the Arrangement of the Coastal Infrastructure of the Navy in Krasnodar Territory. Construction of the Novorossiysk VBM will last until.
Representatives of the nationalist organizations of Ukraine constantly picing the objects of the fleet of Russia in the Crimea, demanding "to terminate the occupation of Ukraine".
2008
Fleet today
The list of the red-known Black Sea Fleet (2009)
| A type | Name | Manufacturer | Side number | Bookmark date | Descent on water | Input to construction | condition | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Cruiser - 1. | ||||||||
| Rocket Cruiser Project 1164, type "Atlant" | "Moscow" | 121 | 05.11.1976 | 27.07.1979 | 30.12.1982 | In the ranks. Flaw flagship. In 1991-1999 Passed overhaul with modernization. N.D. Reinformed with PKRK "Basalt" at the PKRK "Volcano" Ex. "Glory". |
||
| Squaded Mission Mission \\ BOD - 2 (1) | ||||||||
| Large anti-submarine ship Ave. 1134b, type "Berkut-B" | "Ochakov" | Factory named after 61 Communar (Nikolaev) | 707 | 19.12.1969 | 30.04.1971 | 04.11.1973 | Since 1990, repairs and modernization. It was assumed to be a complete replacement of weapons and electronics, according to some data, was intended for testing the first domestic multifunctional combat information and control system "Alliance". At the end of 2008, N.D. Work frozen. The ship is derived from the plant. |
|
| "Kerch" | Factory named after 61 Communar (Nikolaev) | 713 | 30.04.1971 | 21.07.1972 | 25.12.1974 | In the rank In the late 80s, radar weapons were upgraded. In the mid-2000s passed the average (?) Repair and additional upgrades (?). In the spring of 2007, after a long break, the first line ships were commissioned. In some Western sources is classified as a "cruiser". |
||
| Large anti-submarine ship project 61m, type "Komsomolets of Ukraine" | "Mute" | Factory named after 61 Communar (Nikolaev) | 713 | 15.07.1966 | 26.08.1967 | 25.09.1969 | In the rank Officially classified as a watchdog (ICR) Upgraded in 1990-95. According to Pr. 01090 - a new marine nasakoustical complex MNK-300, 8 PC PKR X-35 Uranium, additional radar, interference formulation systems. Despite its "age", one of the most "running" fleet ships. |
|
| Frigates - 2. | ||||||||
| Conductable ship Ave. 1135-1135m | "Rude" | CVD "Bay" (Kerch) | 801 | 25.05.1979 | 07.05.1980 | 29.12.1980 | In the ranks. | |
| "Inquisitive" | CVD "Yantar" (Kaliningrad) | 808 | 27.06.1979 | 16.04.1981 | 30.11.1981 | In the ranks. Project 1135m. |
||
| Corvettes (IPC, IRK, BRK) - 16 | ||||||||
| 197th Brigade of landing ships | ||||||||
| 152 | 1171 | Nikolay Firechenkov | BDK | in the rank | ||||
| 148 | 1171 | Orsk | BDK | Again will rise in the near future after repair at the Tuapse factory. | ||||
| 150 | 1171 | Saratov | BDK | in the rank | ||||
| 151 | 775m | Azov | BDK | in the rank | ||||
| 142 | Novocherkassk | BDK | in the rank | |||||
| 158 | Caesar Coecov | BDK | in the rank | |||||
| 156 | Yamal | BDK | in the rank | |||||
| # | Project | Name | Class | Year | Status |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 400 Anti-Local Ship Division | |||||
| 059 | 1124 | Alexandrovian | IPC | in the rank | |
| 071 | 1124m. | Suzdalets | IPC | in the rank | |
| 064 | 1124m. | Muromets | IPC | in the rank | |
| 060 | 11451 | Vladimita | IPC | in the rank | |
| 418th Trawl Division | |||||
| 913 | Kovovets | MTCH | in the rank | ||
| 911 | 266m | Ivan Golubey | MTCH | in the rank | |
| 912 | 266m | Turbist | MTCH | in the rank | |
| 909 | 266m | Vice Admiral Zhukov | MTCH | in the rank | |
| # | Project | Name | Class | Year | Status |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 166th Novorossiysk Division of Small Rocket Ships | |||||
| 615 | 1239 | Bora | RKVP | in the rank | |
| 616 | 1239 | Simoom | RKVP | in the rank | |
| 620 | 12341 | Calm | MRK | in the rank | |
| 617 | 12341 | Mirage | MRK | in the rank | |
| 295th Sulinsky Division Rocket Boats | |||||
| 966 | 2066 | P-44 | RKA | Cutting in Inkerman March 2009 | |
| 955 | 12411 | R-60. | RKA | Upgraded in 2005-06. In the rank | |
| 953 | 12411 | R-239. | RKA | in the rank | |
| 952 | 12411 | R-109. | RKA | in the rank | |
| 962 | 12417 | P-71. | RKA | in the rank | |
| 954 | 12411m | R-334 Ivanoven | RKA | in the rank | |
| 47th link boats | |||||
| 1293 | KM-593. | KM | |||
| 1293 | KM-731 | KM | |||
| 1232V. | KVM-332. | KVM | |||
| 1232V. | KVM-702. | KVM | |||
| Beech-645 | BEECH | ||||
| # | Project | Name | Class | Year | Status |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 053 | 1124m. | Dovorino | IPC | in the rank | |
| 054 | 1124m. | Yeisk | IPC | in the rank | |
| 055 | 1124m. | Kasimov | IPC | in the rank | |
| 901 | 12660 | Zheleznyakov | MTCH | in the rank | |
| 770 | 266me | Valentin Pikul | MTCH | in the rank | |
| 426 | 1265 | Mineral water | BTCH | in the rank | |
| 438 | 1265 | Lieutenant Ilyin | BTCH | in the rank | |
| 1251 | RT-168. | ||||
| 12592 | RT-278. | ||||
| 506 | Dauria | 1968 | in the rank |
| # | Project | Name | Class | Year | Status |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| CER 201. | 864 | Azovye | in the rank | ||
| 861m | Equator | in the rank | |||
| 861m | Kildin | in the rank | |||
| 861 | Liman. | in the rank |
The teachings of the Black Sea Fleet
- On November 4, 2007, the activities of the preparation of the heterogeneous forces of the Black Sea Fleet were held in the water area of \u200b\u200bthe southeastern part of the Black Sea to verify the combat readiness. Russian authorities argued that the teachings were planned. In the exercises, large landing ships "Yamal", "Caesar of Cunnik" took part, "Lady" watchdog ship, a miner's rescue tug.