Nikolai Suzilovsky Nicholas Russel. Russian President of the Hawaiian Islands - as a Russian revolutionary on the highlights of the rules

Voyali - our hero.
Nikolai Konstantinovich Suzilovsky (He is Nicholas Russel).
Born on December 15, 1850 in the city of Mogilev, died on April 30, 1930 in Chongqing (China).
Big man! Senator of the territory of Hawaii(C 1900), president of Senata Hawaii's territory (from 1901 to 1902).
And at the same time - the figure revolutionary movement In Russia, Switzerland, France, Bulgaria, USA, Japan, China, one of the prosecutors of the Socialist Movement of Romania.
As well as a scientist-ethnographer, geographer, chemist and biologist, a member of the American Society of Genetics.

Born in the impoverished noble family. In the gymnasium, Chernyshevsky, Dobrolyubov, Pisarev and Herzen and the compound that educational establishments tsarist Russia - "The guns of a police flyer, where the head is clogged with" metaphysical, linguistic and theological "trash. Both of his sisters, hope and Eugene, also became revolutionary. The brothers turned out to be persistent to propaganda and in revolutionary activities were not seen.
Suzhatovsky was a hooligan, but he was a smart person. "Police Mustovka tool", Mogilev gymnasium, he graduated with honors and in 1868 he entered the Jurfak of the University of St. Petersburg, from where he was shifted for participating in student unrest. In 1869, I was transferred to the medical faculty of Kiev University, as it was forbidden to undergo training participants in other universities.
In 1873-1874 settled in a paramedic hospital in Nikolaevsk and tried to arrange the escape of prisoners. His plan was revealed, he disappeared and fled from Russia.

From this time, Jesselovsky leaves children's fun and enters a serious international orbit.

From 1875 is found, naturally, in London. And naturally, that here he does not participate in any unrest. After holding the mind, it works at the Hospital of St. George, communicates with Karl Marx.

Wikipedia says that in 1877 Suzhelovsky graduated from the University in Bucharest. Total, he was pushing in the students from 1868 to 1877 - in St. Petersburg, Kiev, London and Bucharest.
It was among the organizers of the Socialist Movement in Romania.

In 1876 he took a new surname and moved to Turkey, Roussell took part in the April uprising in Bulgaria. From this time, he calls himself Nicholas Russel.
Turks cut Bulgaria, Russia introduces troops, the Balkan War begins 1877-1878. Roussell leads revolutionary propaganda in Russian troops.

The war ended. Noted in Bulgaria and Greece, the agent Roussell returns to Romania. But not for long. For subversive activities, the Romanian government sends it from the country. Romania is an ally of Russia in the Balkans, so that up to this point all the activities of the Russa can be reduced to the formula "Everything, if only somehow hurt a hate homeland."

To begin with, in 1887, Russel moves to San Francisco. Here he organizes the campaign by tracing the Orthodox Bishop of Vladimir, accusing him in the embezzlement of church money and all sorts of mortal sins. At the same time, he communicates with the other such turbid Frarera E.E. Lazarev and L.B.Goldenberg on how to organize regular shoots of political prisoners from Siberia to America.

In 1892, Russel suddenly moved to the Hawaiian Islands. Then he cooked and sharply went up. He became the owner of the coffee plantation, was also engaged in medical practice.

Curious in this story that's what. There is no connection between Russia and Hawaii. Hawaii is a completely different article of British politics. Question: Why regards Russel in 1892 suddenly hitting Hawaii?

Recall the story.

Hawaiian Islands opened the English captain James Cook in 1778. Europeans caught in the Hawaiian Islands several state formationswhich at the beginning of the XIX century merged into the United Kingdom.
The development of interest in the production of sugar cane forced the United States to take care of the progress of democracy in Hawaii.
Wikipedia states that the local population, faced with the outside infections, to which he did not have immunity, was extinct: by the end of the century, about 30 thousand people remained from the 300-thousand Polynesian population.
In 1887, the armed groups of whites were forced to accept the "constitution", which remained in history under the name "Constitution of the bayonet". Since Lilyocalani, the last queen of the islands, tried to challenge the provisions of this "constitution". Then a group of local American origin, calling for the help of American sailors with the ship's bay, in 1893 made a coup and overthrow the queen. On July 4, 1894, the Republic of Hawaii was proclaimed by the Provisional Government. The first and only president of the republic became Senford Dul, who occupied this position from 1894 to 1900. His government resulted after several attempts to restore the monarchy, including Wilcox conspiracy in 1895. The Republic of Hawaii was recognized by all states that recognized the kingdom in their time. In 1900, Hawaii received the status of the United States, and Dul took the position of her governor.

Now the reader, I think it is already clear, why our rules suddenly overcome in 1892 the desire to become a planter in Hawaii! After all, right in his eyes, the predatory American imperialism finally led Hawaii from the sphere of influence of Britain.

Roses and here in Hawaii uses the methods of Russian "populists." And his "walking to the people" enjoys great respect among the Aborigines (Kanakov). Russel appears a new nickname - Kauca Lukini (which means "Russian Doctor"). He conducts explanatory conversations, teaches the aborigines of the revolutionary struggle, and organizes the "party of self-government of Hawaii" (homerologists), designed to fight for the interests of indigenous people.

At this time, another agent and Pravddolyubets - Robert William Wilcox, Robert William Wilcox, is fighting in Hawaii and Robert William Wilkox, "Iron Duke of Hawai'i) on the nicknamed" Iron Duke of Hawai'i), which is desperately trying to prevent the inevitable absorption of the Hawaiian Islands. Wilcox acts as a supporter of the overthrown Queen of Liliocalani and raises the peoples oppressed by the Americans on the struggle against the hated American colonialism.

The royalists and republican troops faced the foot of the diamond head on January 6 and 7, 1895. Mana was a battlefield on January 9th. The losses were insignificant, and only Carter, a member of the famous family of the island, was killed. The royalists were quickly defeated, and Wilcox spent several days in the run before he was captured. All the royalist leaders were arrested on January 16, when Liliocalani was taken into custody and enclosed in the Palace of Iolani. Wilcox was arrested and convicted of state treason. This time he was convicted on February 23, 1895 and sentenced to death penalty Together with five other leaders. Some of them were released in connection with the giving testimony against others, and his sentence was softened to 35 years of imprisonment. January 1, 1898, he was pardoned by Sanford Dowl, the President of the Republic, who had pressure on Liliocalan, so that she refused claims to the throne in exchange for life and the freedom of those who were sentenced to death.
The queen was given to the trial. The prosecutor accused her of treason, as she had to know that the weapon was intended for the overthrow of the republic. In response, the Queen said a speech in which the events of 1893 as a member of the coup, said that she did not swear to the temporary government, nor the Republic of Hawaii, that she does not recognize the right of the republic to judge her, but that she did not know about the conspiracy and for the purpose of good His people opposes violent action. She was sentenced to five years in prison and work work, as well as fined by 10 thousand dollars. She was serving his conclusion in the bedroom in the Palace of Iolani in Honolulu, who was under the clock guard. After eight months, she had been transferred to home arrest, and a year later, it was amnestied and went to Washington.
There she started a litigation with the federal government due to corona lands; In the end, Hawaii's legislate wrote her a pension of 4 thousand dollars a year, also left for her income from a sugar plant in 24 km². She died in 1917 from stroke.
Lilyocalani is known as the writer and the author of the songs; In prison, she wrote the Hawaiian Anthem Aloha OE, as well as a book about the history of the country.
So ended the history of the Hawaiian royal family.

In 1898, in the midst of the Spanish-American War, the United States annexed Hawaii and in 1900 President USA William McKinley signed an "act on the provision of Government of Hawaii" (also known as the "Hawaiian Organic Act"), according to which, were created:

institute of Governor of the territory appointed by the US President,
two-petrol authority of the territory consisting of elected chambers of representatives and the Senate,
Supreme Court.

The United States provides local residents between the Republican and Democratic Party.

However, the third party, created by Russ Sudzilovsky, is suddenly included in the election struggle.

In 1900, with the support of the indigenous population, Nikolay Suzilovsky and a number of His supporters take place in the Hawaiian Islands Senate, and in 1901 N. K. Suzilovsky-Russsel was elected first president of the Hawaiian Islands Senate. In this post managed to conduct reforms in support of indigenous peoplebut could not resist the impact of the United States.
In 1902, forced to leave the post after the betrayal of supporters.

Hawaiian epic is a certain apogee biography of our hero.

Having lost the last battle for Hawaii, the Russel agent is again thrown into Russian front. He is heading to Japan, which should soon begin the war with Russia (1904).
During the Russian-Japanese war, conducting active socialist propaganda among Russian prisoners of war in Japan. Makes newspaper "Russia and Japan".
One of his newspaper employees is Alexey Novikov-surf, later writing a book about the Tsushimsky battle.
This Novikov-surf - sailor Baltic Fleet.. In 1903, he was arrested for revolutionary propaganda. As "unreliable" was translated into the 2nd Pacific squadron on the battleship "Orel". Participated in the Tsushimsky battle, got into the Japanese captivity, and returning from captivity to his native village in 1906, Novikov wrote two essays about the Tsushimsky battle: "Madness and fruitless victims" and "for other people's sins", published under the pseudonym A. Skimny. The brochures were immediately prohibited by the government, and in 1907, Novikov was forced to move to an illegal position, since he threatened arrest. He ran first to Finland, and then, naturally, in England. From 1912 to 1913, the writer lived at M. Gorky to Capri. Winner of the Stalin Degree Prize (1941).

But back at the beginning of the century. After the beginning of the 1905 revolution, Russel, with the apartment, tool the idea to arm and send to Russia to help the rebels of 60 thousand captives. At the insistence of the Minister of Foreign Affairs of Russia, Jeszilovsky was deprived of American citizenship - for "anti-American activities".

Unusual for the Soviet worldview alignment: USA and Russia - Natural Allies against the General Enemy, British ladbery in the seas. So it was up to 1917.

The last years of life spent in the Philippines and in China, where he crossed with Dr. Sun Yatsen. Soviet government since 1921 suddenly paid to him pensionAs a personal pensioner of the All-Union Society of Polycatorzhan. Neither at the Katorga, nor in the link Russel never happened, but he picked up in a magazine "Katorga and Link".

But in the dissected by the long-awaited revolution of the USSR, Suzilovsky did not have to go. Not that flight is a bird. He died on April 30, 1930 (aged 79 years) in Chongqing, in China.

Owned 8 European, Chinese and Japanese languages.

The author of the post is inventing a bike. Nikolai Konstantinovich Suzilovsky (1850-1930) - not the "adventurer", as he calls for below (I also honored this nickname Nikolai Mitrokhin in the superficial book "Russian Party. Movement of Russian Nationalists in the USSR 1953-1985"), and Russian passionation, which the globe was cracked. He is a patriot of Russia, and wherever he found himself, all of him turned to Russia - according to his recognition, "I did not part with it for a minute." And when he in 1877 in the conditions of revolutionary activities was forced to take another surname, he chose such a "Roussell", which means "Russian". He began like the seven-party popray from the "active" faction, selflessly "walked into the people," founded the Kiev communion of revolutionaries, is considered the founder of the socialist movement in Romania, communicated with Karl Marx and Friedrich Engels and with many other revolutionaries of Russia and Europe, friendly with the founder The modern Chinese nation Sun Yatsen and the Japanese socialist Kotoka Danziro. He became famous as a magnificent doctor, they are open to the so-called. "Taurus Russel" appearing with inflammatory processes in mucous membranes. He is one of the founders of agrophysics. He is an inquisitive ethnographer. His philosophical and socialist and publicistic-political works acquire a new relevance in the current phase of globalization. Having won his medical and political practice to extremely popular among the indigenous Hawaiians-Kanakov, he was elected from them to the local Senate and in 1901-1902 was the president of the Hawaiian Islands, he fought for the accession of this strategic and richest territory to future progressive Russia, which devoted a fair transformation a life.

At hand, one of the thorough books about him - Itoko Mikhail Ivanovich. Nikolay Suzilovsky Russel. Life, revolutionary activities and worldview (Minsk: Publishing House of Belarusian State University, 1976. - 336 p.). The epigraph is his words, the szvuk of the famous commandment of Jesus Christ (Luke 9:60): "Who is facing the past, and not to the future, he is not a revolutionary. Leaving Russia in 1875, I did not stop defending my positions and At the same time save his soul from the predator's dominance at different points of the globe ... I am happy that after a 40-year-old service, the case of the revolution in Russia lived to the fall of our Bastille. "

By the way, Nikolay Suzilovsky is not the first leaving from Russia, which left a nice mark in the history of distant edges. For example, the Kamchatka Reminted Maurice Samuelovich Benevsky, who in 1771 raised the uprising in the Bolsharynsky Ostrog, captured Galion "Saint Peter" and with a group of comrades from 70 people left for the southern seas, tried to unsuccessfully seize Taiwan Island, for a while settled in France, There, from the remaining and joined Russians and the French, a detachment of 21 officers and 237 seafarers were collected and in 1774 landed at Madagascar, where October 1, 1776, local elders proclaimed his "New Annexakabe", the supreme ruler of the island. The French killed him on May 23, 1786 during the storming of Mauritania (the capital of Madagascar founded by him), he was also buried next to Russian comrades, together with whom he was escaping from Kamchatka. And in the history of Maurice Benevsky remained as "Emperor Madagascar".

With the following somewhat lightweight post about Nicolae, Sudzilovsky-Russ is useful to get acquainted, especially since serious academic monographs are hard to master. - The original is taken from leon_Rumata. in as a Russian revolutionary on the highlights of the rules

You will not believe, but it is - the best!
And this is the most amazing in this incredible story ...
**************************************** *******************************

Russian President of the American State

Presidential Palace in Honolulu, Frank Davey, 1898

On February 20, 1901, the US Government was established by the Senate of Hawaii. During the first elections in the young Republic, first by the senator, and then the president of the First Republican Government of the Hawaiian Islands was elected the Russian adventurer who fled from the royal guard - Nikolai Suzilovsky, astonishing scientist, geographer, chemist, a revolutionary movement figure in Russia, Switzerland, England, Bulgaria, USA and China.

Nikolai Sudzilovsky - Son in the past of the major Mogilev landownerForced to move to the Saratov province to relatives. Being still a student of the medical faculty of Kiev University, Nikolay joined the group of the poplar populi Vladimir Karpovich Debagoria-Mokrievich. Without graduating from the fifth year, the shipyard arrived at the Volga to maintain anti-government propaganda among workers and peasants.Nikolay Alexandrovich got an office employee at the Pokrovsk railway station. Performed his work diligently, in good faith, without a discernie bustle.

The head of the station and the nevdek was that the young, intelligent type of the Railway under the uniform railway jacket brings the book, brochures, newspapers forbidden to the Tsarskoy censorship, brochures, newspapers, and reads them to railway workers and peasants of Slobodovskaya in some empty cargo car, drunk in a dead end ..

Knowing that the police, and not only Pokrovskaya, meticulously identifies the identity of anyone who falls into the field of her vision, Nikolai Konstantinovich considered it reasonable not to tease geese and leave the Pokrovskaya Slobod. Where Suzhelovsky did not come, everywhere he felt behind the breath of catching police sockets. This circumstance forced the underfloor to illegally move abroad.

"On the Globe, "Jeszilovsky wrote," another such gracious corner is unlikely to be recovered as the Hawaiian Islands ... "

In Romania, Nikolai Konstantinovich again sat down for the symbols of medicine left once in Kiev to complete, finally interrupted education. Feeding a petition to the local university about passing exams for the title of doctor Jesselovsky was forced to hide that training in Kiev University was interrupted due to arrest.

Joy upon receipt of the doctor's medicine certificate was overshadowed by the news that the Russian police again attacked his trail. Suzilovsky changes the last name, now he is called Dr. Rasshel.

Favoring the persecution of agents of the third branch, Nikolai Konstantinovich turns out to be in Turkey, then in France. Then the shipyardlovsky-Russel leaves for the ocean, to North America. Setting up in San Francisco, he, thanks to excellent knowledge of medicine and conscientious relation to the case, acquired a broad practice among the local population.

And in San Francisco Nikolai Konstantinovich does not feel safe. Now he was afraid not only dogs Russian Empire, but also the American justice, with the criticism of which he dared to speak. I had to leave the affected place once again.

"He becomes the attraction of the island, foreign travelers visit him. Including Russian doctor Sergey Sergeevich Botkin "

In 1892, Nikolai Russel got a ship by a ship for a steamer, sent to the Hawaiian (Sandwiche) of the island. New Earth struck Nikolai Konstantinovich and his external species, and diverse tropical vegetation, and a variegated sixty-thousandth population. "On the earthly ball," Javilovsky-Russsel wrote a few years later in his essays, published under the pseudonym in the Russian journal "Books of the Week", it is unlikely that another such gracious corner as the Hawaiian Islands ... "

No more than half of all residents lived there, the remaining fifty percent of the North American, the British, French, the Germans, Austrians, but were especially a lot of Japanese and Chinese. On the island of Sahu, dozens of families transferred from Russia are located. The family of Riessel joined them. Then, looking for solitude, Nikolai Konstantinovich moved to Hawaiio Island. Near one of the extinct volcanoes, he rented a plot of 160 acres, built a house and engaged in breeding coffee. Then the bananas, pineapples, lemons, oranges appeared on his plantations.

The indigenous expired by the exploitation of the Americans indignant Dr. Russel. He, as before in Russia, began to organize the semblance of revolutionary circles among the Natives-Cans, where I clarified by Hawaiians doing the lawlessness.

"Roussell-Suzilovsky and himself understood that a long time to confront such a large powers as America could not"

Years passed. Kuaka-Lukini ("Russian Doctor") became a popular man on the islands. He not only restored the health of the patient, but also gave many business councils to the nails, it was rightly versed in their disputes and straightening. Kuaka-Lukini, like the landmark of the island, visit foreign travelers; russian doctor Sergey Sergeevich Botkin arrives.

In 1892, the Americans decided to form a republic in the Hawaiian Islands instead of the Kingdom. In the pre-election company, according to the eventually, the struggle of the republican and democratic parties was held. But there was a person - Dr. Rasshel - who left the third national party just organized by the third National Party. The new association called himself the "part of the independent" leader of the party, who passed the school of campaigning work in Russia, skillfully led propaganda among the calories and enjoyed their infinite trust. Therefore, when a year later on the Islands of Hawaii, the state elections were held, Kuala Lukini was elected first by Senator, then president of the First Republican Government of the Hawaiian Islands.

"He constantly looking for opportunities to personally participate in the revolutionary struggle"

The islanders did not be deceived in the choice of the new president. The Russian doctor held several broad progressive reforms, greatly alleviate the fate of the calories ...

Russel-Jeszilovsky himself understood that he had long to confront such a large powers as America could not. He is not only a republic, it was difficult to protect himself. The Hawaiian state did not have their own army, only a police squad led by Colonel supported the order of the islands. Nevertheless, Dr. Russel pressed until 1902. During this time, he managed a lot to do for the native population.

In no matter how nicholas, Nikolai Russel render, the fate of the Motherland has always worried him. He constantly looking for opportunities to personally participate in the revolutionary struggle. Overlooking the political life of Hawaiians, Russels goes to Shanghai to organize an armed detachment and liberate a cortex in Siberia. Of course, this naive idea did not find the necessary support from Russian emigrants, and it had to refuse.

When the war of Russia and Japan began, Russel had a new plan: it was not to go to the theater of hostilities for the spread of revolutionary propaganda among Russian sailors. And he used this opportunity.

In Japan Sudzilovsky Russel lived until 1930. All the lifetime abroad, he dreamed of a trip to Russia for a long time and difficult to resend to departure. Finally, the eighty older decided he to go to far Way. Interrupted the trip a sudden disease, lung inflammation. The death of Nikolai Konstantinovich's death on April 30, 1930 at the station at the station in someone else's Chinese city Chongsyne ... The Russian border was already very close ...

The name of today's hero is Nikolai Konstantinovich Suzilovsky (pseudonym Nicholas RusselDecember 15, 1850 - April 30, 1930). In Encyclopedias, it is said about him - a scientist ethnographer, geographer, chemist and a biologist; Revolutionary population, one of the first participants in the people. The leader of the revolutionary movement in Russia, Switzerland, England, France, Bulgaria, the USA, Japan, China. One of the prosecutors of the Socialist Movement of Romania, president of the Senate Hawaii.

He was born 3 (15) December 1850 in the family of secretary of the Mogilev Chamber of the Civil and Criminal Court of Konstantin Sudzilovsky. There were eight children in the family of shipyard. As the eldest of them, Nikolai Konstantinovich not only helped mother in housework, but also his father at his work.
Being still quite a teenager, Nikolai witnessed cruel violence over the participants of the Polish uprising in 1863-64. These events had a great influence on his further fate and choice life path.

Studying in the gymnasium (1864-1868) did not satisfy him, but at this time he meets the works of his "teachers": N.G. Chernyshevsky, N.A. Dobrojubova, D.I. Pisareva and A.I.Getzen . The rest of the way Jesilovsky considered the educational institutions of the Tsarist Russia "guns of police flyers, incubators of officialhood," where people heads are clogged by various "metaphysical, linguistic and theological" trash.

In the fall of 1868, student unrest resumed in St. Petersburg, caused by the publication of the Rules, which put students under the enhanced control of the authorities and the police. Together with university graduates, Technological Institute And the Medical and Surgery Academy, the first room Nikolay Suzilovsky organizes gatherings and participates in the development of requirements that will be rejected by the authorities.

July 5, 1869 Suzhatovsky was forced to translate to the medical faculty of Kiev University, as it was forbidden to participate in the participants of the unrest in other universities (and medicine attracted him more jurisprudence; remember Bazarov from "fathers and children").

In 1873-1874 He was one of the organizers of the Kiev community, a socialist student organization. Participated in the "walking of the people", having moved for this to the Volga (in Pokrovsk).

During these years, Suzilovsky meets Zhelyabov; Having settled in a paramedic hospital in Nikolaevsk, Jeszilovsky tried to arrange the escape of prisoners. When his plan was revealed, hiding under the documents of the German colonist. Until the end of the life, Jeszilovsky was among the most wanted state criminals of the Russian Empire, although at the age of 25 He fled from Russia and never returned to his homeland again.

From 1875 Suzhelovsky in emigration in London. He worked at the Hospital of St. George.

Skitania in Europe gave a young man with a meeting with Karl Marx himself, after which his determination of the fight against the tsarism was even more strengthened. Russian emigrants offered him to participate in the preparation of the uprising (1876), which was organized by Bulgarian revolutionaries. Nikolai accepted the proposal, took himself a pseudonym Nicholas Russel, and his house became the center of preparation, through which weapons and ammunition were supplied from different countries. In those years, he became close to the Bulgarian revolutionary Christ Bothev. In 1876, under the pseudonym, Nicholas Russel took part in the April uprising in Bulgaria, severely repressed Turkish troops. Since then, Nikolay Suzilovsky wore a new surname - Russel.

Unlike many revolutionaries, Suzilovsky had a profession, which earned his life - he was a doctor. In 1877, in the University of Bucharest, he even defended his thesis "On the antiseptic method used in surgery", then headed the metropolitan hospital. But his revolutionary entity did not change, and in 1879 Nikolai wrote a political pamphlet, masterfully disguised as a scientific treatise. It was among the organizers of the Socialist Movement in Romania. He led revolutionary propaganda in Russian troops during the Russian-Turkish war of 1877-1878.

In 1881, the revolutionaries of the whole of Europe were preparing to celebrate the 10th anniversary of the Paris Commune, the police were alert, and speech could not be about the legal gathering. In Russia, the Emperor Alexander II was killed as a result of the terrorist attack - it was a reason for the collection of Russian emigrants-revolutionaries, allegedly those who mournful to the emperor. However, during the meeting, one of them managed to hoisting the Red Flag over the roadside restaurant, to shoot who came gendarmes. Suzilovsky asked to leave Romania ...

On the next years of the life of Suzilovsky knows little. He moves from one European country to another, for some time he lives in Bulgaria, and then Greece.

In 1887, Nikolai Suzilovsky moves to San Francisco. Then European doctors took a good in America, and the judzilovsky, who had a diploma of the doctor of medicine, easily opened his own healing institution there. His wife and assistant became Leokadia Vikentyevna Shebeko, who received the degree of Dr. Bern University (they met in Switzerland). Close relative of the leading officials of the Empire (so, Vadim Nikolayevich SHebeko since February 1913 will be the Saratov Vice-Governor; from October 1913 by the Grodno Governor, and from February 1916 the Moscow Greaddlock), she broke with her family to share the fate of the political immigrant .

Earning fame as a doctor, Jeszilovsky, however, could not help his revolutionary temperament. In the report "in California", which San Francisk newspapers refused to print, he wrote: " States represent a state based on extreme individualism ... They are the center of the world, and peace and humanity exist for them only as much as they need for their personal pleasure and satisfaction ... Relying on the omnipotence of their capital, like a walnut sponge, like cancer tumor, they absorb all the life juices from ambient without mercy".

The Russian Consul in San Francisco treated Jeszylovsky. According to his proposal in 1889, Nikolai Konstantinovich appealed to St. Petersburg with a request to give him a passport, which would give him the opportunity to live under his own surname in any country. "On this request," he remembered later, - i received an answer that according to some manifesto amnesty, those of political emigrants who expressed repentance, and since there was no repentance in my past, then in issuing passport passports to me".

Here he has a new opponent. In connection with the transfer of the Diocesan Management of Russian orthodox church In 1889, the bishop of Vladimir arrived here in San Francisco. There are two versions of further events. According to one, Suzilovsky, "organized the campaign of the Orthodox Bishop of Vladimir," on the other, he was in fact guilty of the embezzlement of church money, ill-treatment of students of the local seminary and pedophilia.

The scandal split a small Russian community of San Francisco into two warring camps. Suzilovsky sent materials collected by him to the Ober-Prosecutor of the Sacred Synod KP Pobedonossev, who was once his professor. In response in January 1890, Bishop, Vladimir, on behalf of the Orthodox Church, declared Jeszilovsky Anafé and forbade Orthodox parishioners to be treated with him. Then the shipyard filed to Vladimir to the Civil Court with the requirement to compensate material damage caused by such a ban.

As a result of the ugly scandal, the reputation of the Church and the Russian community suffered. The victorious commander sent to the Suzilovian telegram, saying the revocation of the bishop.

Russel also established contacts with Russian political immigrants living in the early 1890s. in USA. In San Francisco, he communicated and interacted with his old companion Egor Egorovich Lazarev. With the participation of another Russian revolutionary from New York L.B. Goldenberg, they actively discussed the idea of \u200b\u200borganizing regular shoots of political prisoners from Siberia to North America. Roussel, who already had an American passport by 1891, the important role of the mediator between the Russian and American participants of the operation was assigned. In 1891, Suzilovsky heard a lot of news about his friends-revolutionary, filled the Siberian link at that time, from J. Kennan, who came to San Francisco to lecture on Katorga and link to Siberia. However, the shoots from Siberia could not be established.

In 1892, Suzilovsky settled the doctor for a steamer, which oversees between San Francisco and Honolulu. During this period, he seems to experience the "crisis of the mid-life", and wants to change the place and lifestyle.

Ah if I have wings, wings like a bird,
Far away, I would fly away ...
In the desert I would arrange a nest for yourself!
And there would be there to rest forever!
(Poem of the shipyard of that period)

In the same year, Nikolai Konstantinovich Sudzilovsky settled in Hawaii. Hence he wrote a report to Russian magazines.

By placing one of the materials of the series "Letters from the Sandwich Islands" of Dr. Roll, the newspaper "Eastern Review" - the organ of Russian orientalists - April 18, 1903 wrote: " The author of the present letters has long been known in the Russian modern literature as a connoisseur of America ... Settling finally on Sandwich (Hawaiian) Islands, he aroused his articles in the "book books of the week" several years ago among the Russian reading public among the Russian reading public among Pacific Ocean Little and before that unfamiliar archipelago".

"This is a tropical country without any inconvenience of tropical countries", I wrote N.K. Sudzilovsky. There is no" whatever large predatory animals "," snakes and reptiles in general. "" Under such conditions, - said in the article - for all ravines, forests and slums can be walking with the same safety as in its own garden".

At first, the shipyards settled on Oahu Island. Suzhilovsky stays in the role of a plantator, growing coffee, and at the same time doctor local residents, for which I received the nickname Cauca Lukini from them - "Good doctor." Kauca Lukini, like the attraction of the island, visit foreign travelers; The famous Russian doctor Sergei Sergeevich Botkin arrives; Next I bought a house and settled the steasoka of the famous novelist Stevenson Lloyd Osborne, also a writer.

The authority of Kauche Lukini, who learned the population, how to survive, to keep the farm, grew. I contributed to this and the fact that he, of course, opposed Americans, robbing and degrading islanders. Frank exploitation by the Americans indignant to Dr. Russel. He, as before in Russia, began to organize among the natives-grooves, as they also called Hawaiians, the likeness of revolutionary circles, where I clarified the califices on them to the lawlessness. By memory, Nikolai Konstantinovich retells the whole chapters from the books of Karl Marx and the articles of Russian revolutionaries-populations.

Considering that it rests sufficiently, Suzilovsky takes part in the first parliamentary elections of the Hawaiian Republic, becomes a senator.

In the peak existing in Hawaii, the branches of the American Republican and Democratic Parties, he creates the "independent" party, the program of which involves independence from the United States, the liberation of the poor from taxes, the reform of health care, the streamlining of the sale of alcohol, construction of the conservatory. And in 1901, Nikolai Russel became damned by the Church "Nihist and Materialist" becomes the first president of the Senate (Speaker) Hawaii!
Roll bills were aimed against the soldering of the natives, antisanitarians, against the robbery tax system. The plans of the first speaker were supposed to abolish the death penalty, introduce a free folk education, the opening of the conservatory was planned. Evaluating its activities, as usual, polarly opposite. Apparently, indeed, he hooked many interests.

Dr. Russel was presidential in the Hawaiian Senate until 1902. Intrigi and conspiracies are wearing against him, and in the end he was forced to fold the powers and go to China.

Overlooking the political life of Hawaiians, Roussell goes to Shanghai to organize an armed detachment and free the polcortogen in Siberia. Of course, this naive idea did not find the necessary support from Russian emigrants, and it had to refuse.

When the war of Russia and Japan began, Russel had a new plan: it was not to go to the theater of hostilities for the spread of revolutionary propaganda among Russian sailors. And he used this opportunity.

In Japan, Suzilovsky Russel lived until 1930. All the lifetime abroad, he dreamed of a trip to Russia for a long time and difficult to resend to departure. Nahonets, eighty old man decided he to go to the far path. Interrupted the trip a sudden disease, lung inflammation. The death of Nikolai Konstantinovich Nastigala on April 30, 1930 at the station in the stranger Chinese city of Chunzne ... The Russian border was already very close ...

Thank you Sergey Nehamkin For the materials used for this plot.

Sources: Gennady Onufriev. Nikolai Konstantinovich Russel-Sudzilovsky, 1850-1930. Vicky, N.K. Suzilovsky (Russel) // History of the city of Engels, a list of managers of the legislative bodies of Hawaii, Ohoko M. I. Nikolay Sudzilovsky-Roussell. Life, revolutionary activity and worldview. Minsk, 1976..

Nikolai Konstantinovich Suzevilovsky was born on December 15, 1850 in Mogilev in the noble family of a small judicial official Konstantin Vladimirovich Suzhalovsky. The family was wealthy, but then broke and was forced to move to the estate of relatives located near Novouzensk Saratov province. Senior of eight children, Nikolay since childhood helped parents on the housework.

After graduating with honors from the gymnasium, in 1868 he entered the Faculty of Faculty of the University of St. Petersburg. Still in the gymnasium, becoming a disruption over the participants of the Polish uprising of 1863-1864, and then having acquainted with the writings of fashionable then A. I. Herzen and N. G. Chernyshevsky, the judzilovsky came early to the conclusion that Russia is "Prison Peoples", and Russian higher education institutions are "guns of police flying," and decided to devote themselves to the struggle for the rights of student.

In October-November 1868, he took part in several student demonstrations, for which he was expelled from the course. However, it was not particularly upset by Suzilovsky - by that time he was disappointed in jurisprudence, much more interested in medicine. The only university in which he was allowed to translate was Kiev.

In 1873, 23-year-old Nikolai got up at the head of the so-called Kiev commune - one of the first student associations of socialist sense in Russia. From reading the emigrant literature and dreams about the fight against despotism, young people decided to go to business: Nikolai participated in the "walking in the people" in the city of Pokrovsk (now Engels) of the Saratov province, and then settled by Feldsher to the prison hospital of the city of Nikolaevsk (now Pugachev Saratov region) And participated in organizing the escape of prisoners: slept sleeping in tea guard.

But one of them still raised the alarm, the escape failed, and the real hunt began on the shipylovsky. In a police orientation, where the surname of the wanted was one at number 10, said: "Years 25; growth is slightly lower than the average; blond hair; The face is clean; nose is quite big; a beard small rare; dresses carelessly; The costume is similar to the master. " Hiding under the name of the German-colonist, through Nizhny Novgorod, Moscow and Odessa Sudzilovsky in 1875 fled abroad. London became the place of his headquarters, where the newly new emigrant got out to work at the Hospital of St. George.

In 1876, the emigrant circles attracted Nicholas to the preparation of an antiturketic uprising in Bulgaria. Then Suzilovsky took the pseudonym Nicholas Russel, who over time became his new name. In parallel with revolutionary activities, he continued to do medicine, in 1877 he defended the thesis in the University of Bucharest "On the antiseptic methods used in surgery", and then headed the hospital in Iasi. But in April 1881, after the gathering of local revolutionaries, who noted the decade of the Paris commune and at the same time, the death of Alexander II, Suzilovsky was sent out of Romania.

The wanderings of Nicholas Riessel began in Europe - Turkey, Bulgaria, Greece, France, Belgium ... In 1887, he was moving into San Francisco at the invitation of his brother, where he opened his own clinic. His faithful assistant was a spouse, Leokady Vikentyevna Shempo. By 1891, the Jesilovsky received American passports. Nevertheless, the revolutionary doctor responded is extremely skeptical about his new homeland. "States represent a state based on extreme individualism, he wrote. - They are the center of the world, and peace and humanity exist for them only as much as they need for their personal pleasure and satisfaction ... Relying on the omnipotence of their capital, like a walnut sponge, like a cancer, suck them all the life juices from surrounding life without mercy".

1890 was marked by a major conflict between the Judzilovsky and Bishop of Aleutian and Alaskan Vladimir (Sokolovsky-autonomic). Suzilovsky began a real campaign of his etching, accusing the church hierarch in pedophilia and embarrassment of government funds. In response, the bishop betrayed an emigrant Anathema and forbade parishioners to be treated with him, Suzilovsky filed a lawsuit against the court ... a grand scandal broke out, the Ober-Prosecutor of the Synod K. P. Victoroscians intervened, and in the end, Bishop Vladimir on June 8, 1891 was translated from San -Francisco to Voronezh. However, long-term litigation put the cross and on the American life to be Suzhatovsky - finally disappointed in the United States, he settled on a shipboat for a steamer, krused between San Francisco and Hawaiian Islands. This remote American province liked him so much that soon the family moved to the most civilized and densely populated from the Hawaiian Islands - Oahu.

Near the extinct volcano, Suzilovskaya rented a plot of land of 160 acres, built a house, got a small coffee plantation. In parallel, Suzilovsky continued his medical practice, for which he received the honorable name "Kauche Lukini" from the locals - "Good doctor." Nikolai Konstantinovich quickly won the confidence of the natives, began to use a huge authority in their environment.

The device of life in Hawaii was in many respects seemed to the judge unfair, and soon he began to create a certain semblance of revolutionary circles from local residents, at the meetings of which in their own words retells by the Aboriginals of Marx. Over time, this resulted in the creation of the "independent" party who were the independence of the islands from the United States, the reform of taxation and health care.

In 1900, an administrative reform was held in the Hawaiian Islands in the Hawaiian Islands - an administrative reform was held - there was a two-chamber parliament, consisting of the House of Representatives and Senate. "Independent", led by Suzilovsky, entered the pre-election struggle and in many ways unexpectedly achieved a major success - first, Suzilovsky became a senator, and in the 1901-M - the first President of the Senate, that is, the head of the Hawaii Parliament. (In many sources, it is called "President Hawaii", which is not true.)

Being a speaker of the Hawaiian Parliament, Suzhatovsky intended to spend truly revolutionary transformations on the islands. They were planned to cancel the death penalty, the introduction of free secondary education, the root reform of the tax system. Such large-scale changes, naturally, affected the interests of local landowners and colonialists, and a serious biddling struggle began in parliament. Unreleased in the subtleties of legal policy, Jesselov lost this fight and in 1902 was forced to leave the post. His next chapter after Hawaii became China.

During life in Shanghai, Suzilovsky again "took over the old" - began to enter the invasion plans to Russia of an armed detachment of immigrants of revolutionaries, which were supposed to free the polcortogen in Siberia. With the beginning Russian-Japanese war 1904-1905 He planned an even more ambitious action - to arm a Japanese money of 40 thousand Russian prisoners of war and, having landed them with a landing in the Far East, to master key stations of the Trans-Siberian Highway, and then move to Moscow. The most amazing thing that Suzhilovsky was almost able to convince the Government of Japan to free the prisoners and even provide vessels for their transportation to the continent! .. It is unknown than this adventure would end, if Azepi did not know about the plans of Suzilovsky, but through him and the Russian government. In addition, the war came to an end, and the progress of Suzilovsky became simply irrelevant. As a result, at the insistence of the Russian Ministry of Foreign Affairs, an emigrant was deprived of US citizenship ... for anti-American activities.

Frustrated by the failure of his idea, Suzilovsky moved to Philippines, where he founded a private hospital. After five years spent in Manila, he moved to the Japanese city of Nagasaki, where he also engaged in medical practice.

The news of the February coup of 1917 was delighted with an old emigrant. But even more felt his news of the October events in Russia. "You did the greatest revolution In October, he wrote to Sudzilovsky Brother Sergey in Samara. "If you don't give up opponents of the revolution, then you will create an unprecedented society and you will build communism ... What are you happy, how would I like to be with you and build this new society."

Relatives themselves called Nikolai Konstantinovich to return to their homeland, especially since thanks to the petition of the Society of the Former Polcortorjan, as "Veteran of the Russian Revolution", a government pension was appointed - 100 rubles in gold monthly. But, apparently, Jeszylovsky had serious doubts about whether to come to Soviet Russia. He referred to the presence of two adoptive sons, whom he could not quit for the mercy of fate. Yes, and the third wife of Jeszilovsky, Japanese Ohara, did not burn with the desire to go to the country far and not understandable for her.

Only in 1930, an elderly emigrant finally decided to move to the USSR. Samara relatives he informed about this letter. But the health of a 79-year-old man could not stand a long move. On April 30, 1930, sick inflammation of the lungs, Nikolai Konstantinovich died on the platinum of the Chinese city of Tianjin. The urn with his ashes until 1946 was kept in the family, and then buried in the family tomb of the Ohara family on the Japanese island of Amakuza.

In the necrologist about the death of N. K. Suzilovsky, placed in the Soviet magazine "Katorga and reference", said: "If we take the results of his amazingly meaningful life and everything that he did and that he saw, of course, this content will not enough for the extension For one hundred century human life. "