Biology

Was the SS troops in Nevsky Pigatch. Nevsky "Piglet": Corner of courage on the map of the Leningrad region

Relevance of the topic: Very many in Russia and beyond the battle of Soviet troops with Hitler's invaders on the Volga, Dnieper, Vistula, Oder, but few know about the long and bloody epic on the Neva, which turned on a bridgehead, who was named "Nevsky Piglet" in 1941-1943 . Meanwhile, it is one of the most heroic and tragic pages of domestic military history.

The theme of the heroic struggle of the Soviet people with the Hitler's occupiers, the defense of Leningrad today is especially relevant. Our young generation should know all the details of the horror, remember and keep in their hearts the memory of those who will never return, who put their lives on the victory altar in the war with fascism.

The rapid XXI century dictates its laws, and people sometimes forget about those moral values, which throughout the history of Russia helped our people in a difficult godina to stand out and defeat. It is impossible not to recognize the fact that patriotism as such fades with each new generation. But he is so necessary to revive Russia ...

Objectives and objectives: To explore the available materials about the feat of the defenders of the Nevsky Pig Patch, its meaning during the blockade of Leningrad.

To achieve his goal, it was necessary to solve the following tasks:

1. Examine the material of tragic events on Nevsky Pigatch

2. Examine an estimate german command of significance "Nevsky Pig Patch"

3. Consider the meaning of the "Nevsky Pigchka" in the blockade breakthrough

The work consists of three parts: administration, main part, conclusion. The main part contains nine chapters – Heroism of Soviet soldiers - Assessment by the German command of the importance of "Nevsky Pigchachka" - Uninterrupted battles on Nevsky Pigatch - - The death of the "Nevsky Piglet" in the spring of 1942 - Revival "Nevsky Pig Patch" in the fall of 1942 - Echoes of battles on Nevsky Pigatch - Merit of "Pigchka" in the blockade breakthrough . The conclusion contains conclusions.

Introduction

« Land of Fearless - Nevsky Piglet!

Here were traveled from brave.

Dough! Know your freedom price

And under the courage, learn from the bravets! "

Mikhail Dudin, 1941

In the book 100 of the Great Mysteries of Russian History in the article "Requiem for the 2nd Shock", there are data on those killed on the Nevsky Pyatachka, they shook. Even imagine all this is scary: "On the" Nevsky Pyatchak "lies 200 thousand people - 17 people per meter!"

The blockade of Leningrad lasted about 900 days - from September 8, 1941 to January 27, 1944. 107 thousand avia bombs were reset on the city, about 150 thousand shells were released, died, according to various sources, from 400 thousand to 1 million people. Only 3% of them died from bombing and art-rods, the remaining 97% died of hunger.

Wikipedia characterizes the "Nevsky Piglet" as "a bridgehead on the left bank of the Neva River, which held Soviet troops during the Great Patriotic War. Located between the city of Kirov and the village of Pavlovo. Before the war in this territory was the village of Arbuzovo. "(Fig.1)

Theoretically, it is a very correct and logical description, but to understand the entire feat of the defenders of the "Nevsky Pigchachka" need to at least approximately imagine what this place looked like during the Great Patriotic War.

Imagine the rectangle of the earth with a length of 2 km and a width of 800 meters. This little Piglet Soviet troops kept about 400 days. From all sides, in addition to the Neva there were Germans who were constantly attacked by a bridgehead. The average life expectancy of the soldier was there about 52 hours. In just 3 years, about 250 thousand people died on a penchant.

In September 1941, the German Group of Army "North" under the command of General-Field Marshal Leeba cutbed Leningrad from the rest of the country. Only Ladoga remained - the only waterway from the city to the Great Earth and back. To break the ring of the environment and to disclose the city on the Neva was decided on the narrowest site - the Schlisselburg-Sinyavinsky ledge, where the Nazis knocked the wedge of the ten-cell width between the troops of the two fronts - Leningrad and Volkhovsky.

On the night of 19/2 20, our troops under the hurricane fire enemy forced a 600-meter water barrier and captured along the left bank of the river at the Moscow dubbing a narrow strip of the earth.

Next, they failed to move. Thus, having closed behind a steep and rolling bank with a height of more than 20 m, the reddiffs and the Red Army, carrying large losses, held a tiny bridgehead, the Metro-called "Nevsky Pigach".

On October 20, 1941, the Sinyavinskaya Operation on the Blockada Blockade Operations of the Nevsky Operational Group began. This time it was not possible to use a sudden factor. The enemy foresaw the possibility of the onset of Soviet troops. As soon as he began to cross through the Neva, as the entire area of \u200b\u200bconcentration of boats and boats were shephering from guns and machine guns. Just lowered dozens of boats once turned into a pinch

In the spring of 1942, the trenches and the bludges were filled with water, combat positions And with that and on the other hand came to complete dissent. At the end of April 1942, the Germans took advantage of the ice driving, violating the relationship of the defenders of the Nevsky Pig Patch with a big land, and caused a decisive blow. On the morning of April 27, the remnants of the defenders of the bridgehead were surrounded, the entire coastal part of the Neva was already in the hands of the Germans.

In the autumn of 1942, the Military Council of the Leningrad Front decided to again seize the bridgehead on the Neva.

Echoes of these fighting are still heard. When you come to "Nevsky Piglet", then the first thing that rushes into the eyes is the lack of wild trees on the territory of the bridgehead. As they say, they do not grow there because of the large content of iron in the ground.

"Piglet" performed his important role in the blockade breakthrough, having pulled the significant forces of the German troops and forcing them to be mistaken in choosing the direction of the main strike of Soviet troops.

Education "Nevsky Pig Patch"

Imagine the rectangle of the earth with a length of 2 km and a width of 800 meters. For comparison, 800 meters is the length of the Zvenigorodskaya street in the center of St. Petersburg, and 2 kilometers is the length of Nevsky Prospectus from Admiralty to ul. Rubinstein. And now imagine that on the one hand (which is 2 km) of this piece of land is the Neva, from the opposite side and along the edges of the forest. So this little Piglet Soviet troops held about 400 days. From all sides, in addition to the Neva there were Germans who were constantly attacked by a bridgehead. Medium duration The life of the soldier was there about 52 hours. In just 3 years, about 250 thousand people died on a penchant.

In September 1941, the German Group of Army "North" under the command of General-Field Marshal Leeba cutbed Leningrad from the rest of the country. Only Ladoga remained - the only waterway from the city to the Great Earth and back. It began unprecedented 900-day hungry blockade of three million megalopolis in its cruelty in the history of mankind ....

To break the ring of the environment and to disclose the city on the Neva was decided on the narrowest site - the Schlisselburg-Sinyavinsky ledge, where the Nazis knocked the wedge of the ten-cell width between the troops of the two fronts - Leningrad and Volkhovsky. This prototion was called "Bilotnodnokhals" - "bottle throat." Using the conditions favorable for defense, the enemy in the shortest possible time elevated three powerful defensive turns.

On the night of September 19-20, the 4th separate brigade battalion marine infantry, Regiment of the 115th Rifle Division and the Regiment of the 1st Infantry Division of the NKVD from the Neva Dublovy area on the right bank of the Neva under the hurricane fire of the enemy forced the 600-meter water barrier and captured along the left bank of the river at the Moscow Dublovka narrow strip of the earth. Next, they failed to move. (Rice2)
Heroism of Soviet soldiers

Thus, having closed behind a steep and rolling bank with a height of more than 20 m, the reddiffs and the Red Army, carrying large losses, held a tiny bridgehead, the Metro-called "Nevsky Pigach". Started exhausting battles. They were led by day and night with unprecedented fierce and persistence. Gitlerians threw all new units into attacks. It happened nothing to do with hand-to-hand. The Germans in the literal sense of the word pounded with the shells and bombs "Piglet", on which there was no village, nor busta. A terrible picture of devastation and death reigned here.

We have felt the extreme lack of powerful enemy suppressants, lacked artillery, tanks, aviation. But each night was regularly sent to the bridgeheads of human reinforcements to fill damage. The wounded on the right bank were not shipped, they were bleeding in flour. And in general, no one returned from the arrivals on the "Piglet" back. (Fig. 6) However, halfland, physically weakened, wounded defenders of the bridgehead fought to the end with the fury of doomed, stood to death. However, they did not have another exit ...

In order to somehow survive, the Soviet fighters bought as moles, to the ground, built underground traffic, disobeying all the wooden houses and the surviving buildings of the Moscow Dubrovka. (Fig. 5) However, after that, a little managed to stay in Alive for more than three days.

In autumn 1941, high beautiful pines grew here, along the coast there were houses of the village of Moscow Dubrovka, but after several months of cruel, bloody battles, a picturesque corner was turned into a lunar landscape. Neither houses nor trees left, even a fertile layer of land was destroyed by projectiles and bombs, there were half-plated trenches everywhere. (Fig. 3) about five hundred remaining soldiers of the 330th regiment under the leadership of the commander of the fleece of Blokhin successfully discouraged German attacks. But on April 27, iceshirt began, and the defenders of the bridgehead turned out to be cut off from their rear. (Fig. 4) German soldiers, taking advantage of this, attacked our positions. Soon, the Germans broke away in many places to the Neva, and the bridgehead was dissected by the opponent on separate foci of resistance.

Assessment by the German command of the importance of "Nevsky Pigchachka"

Apparently, at the level of the Supreme Command of the Wehrmacht, this tiny land of sushi, disheighted with such a labor and with such losses by our troops, was as well as painful, but not deadly?

But does this mean that the German command underestimated the danger of expansion by the Soviet troops of a deccent on the left bank of the Neva?

The answer to this question recently managed to find in the German book "Diary notes and estimates of the situation during the two world wars" General Field Marshal Ritter von Leeba (Stuttgart, 1976). In it, the commander of the Army Group North is thirty three times pays attention to this section of the front, which indicates its serious concern about the situation in the area. In the form of passages and with comments, passages of these records are placed in chronological order in the annex to this article.

The stories of German divisions that blocked the springboard from September 1941 to February 1943, it is also fairly fully covered by this issue. Unfortunately, they have become available only in recent years, and still not yet fully studied.

The desire to cross through the Neva, no doubt, was at the Supreme Command of the Wehrmacht great. This, in particular, is evidenced by such a record from the "military diary" F. Galder 5.10.1941: "Only minor Finnish forces operate on the Karelian front, which, however, will be able to start an offensive if we enhance the Neva." The Germans abandoned the further attempts to forcing the Neva, making sure that the Soviet troops gradually pulled up on the right bank of the river. In addition, by that time, Hitler had already decided on the fate of Leningrad, deciding to lean his hunger of the blockade ring, and began to move the shock forces to Moscow.

Uninterrupted battles on Nevsky Pigatch

On the night of September 12, 1941, five intelligence officers of the 115th Rifle Division on the boat crossed the Neva, collected data on the movement of transport and military equipment of the enemy in the 8th century and without losses were returned to the right bank.

Perhaps it was precisely this helped to successfully overcome the Neva in the dark, rainy night from 19 to 20 September Captain's paratroopers Vasily Dubik from the 115th Rifle Division. Having silently planted on the left bank at the Moscow Dublovka, they rushed into the first trench. The German soldiers from the 20th Motorized Division captured by the rupture, at first could not have serious resistance. Expanding the bridgeheads, paratroopers made their way to the Leningrad-Shlisselburg's highway and tied the battle on the approaches to Arbuzov. Two days they led desperate contractions with the enemy, hoping for the promised help. Almost all led by a club died. Where the first hero of Pyatachka is buried, today it is not known, although eyewitnesses claim that they suffered it to the right bank and betrayed the Earth with the Military Humans. On the same day, north, in the area of \u200b\u200bMarino, the rifle battalion of the 1st Division of the NKVD tried, but failed. However, over the next few days on a patch, which originally on the front was about three kilometers and deep to a kilometer, two battalions and explode of the 115th rifle division were smoked, the NKVD battalion (only 1166 people) and three battalions 4 - Brigades of marines. By the end of September, the infantry losses amounted to 865 people, in the sailors - up to 80 percent, and the size of the bridgehead decreased to two kilometers on the front and about 500 meters deep.

But the German 20th Motorized Division with the 424th Infantry Division given to it and the 287th regiment of the 96th Infantry Division turned out to be suddenly in a predicule. Stretching at the front from Shlisselburg to the Otradny Unit (up to 10 km on the battalion) were not able to prevent the consolidation of our soldiers on the left bank. For several days, the division has lost 530 people killed and injured. The battalion of the 8th Tank Division, who lost four tanks, did not help her. The German command began to recognize the seriousness of this section of the front and the danger of the situation. Chronicle of the 20th Motorized Division fixes: "It becomes clear to the enemy's intention due to the increased attempts by crossing the Neva, break through Leningrad's blockade in close cooperation with the forces attacked from the Eastern direction."

The representative of the Supreme Command of the Wehrmacht General Paulus, who arrived in Shlisselburg on September 24, report that the troops are exhausted by continuous fierce battles, and the 20th motorized division is no longer capable of offensive actions. Leaving at the beginning of October the Nevsky section of the front, the division had a soldier of 7,000 combat compositions killed and wounded by 2411.

The slightly improved the position of the two regiments of the 7th Cretan airborne division in the end of September through the air through the air. "It's better to jump three times with a parachute on Crete Island than to spend one fight on Earth in Russia," they said not expecting such fierce resistance, German paratroopers. When they occupied the positions at the Moscow Dublovka, they found that the trenches were filled with the bodies of those killed in previous battles. Russians lay next to the corpses of German soldiers. As a result of stubborn battles, two front edges have become so closely that in the moments of the clutch it was possible to hear a conversation, and even the cough of a cold soldier of the enemy. This is how it is described in the book of the German historian G.Voda "past hell" (Oldenburg, 1994): "machine guns, rifles, hand grenades, buttons, sapper blades and bayonets were a weapon with which the soldiers rushed to each other on both sides . The terrible outcome of these fights and in decades remains in the memory of former German paratroopers. "

Sinyavinsk operation. Attempt to break the blockade

On November 8, Stalin personally demanded a new operation from the Nevsky Brocarm, offering to create "impact shelves from bold people who will be able to break the road to the East." Beginning on November 11, it became one of the most bloody for our troops who were on the patch. According to incomplete data in five days of battles, the 8th Army, formed on the basis of the Neva Operational Group, lost over 5,000 people. Especially large were losses in three shock communist shelves - more than 2500 people.

In the meantime, the enemy pulled the fresh 1st infantry division to the Neva, which also immediately suffered large losses. By mid-December, 1,500 people were withdrawn. Every day she lured about 90 soldiers. As a result, by November 24, the combat composition of the 1st battalion of the 1st Infantry Regiment was only 90 people, the 2nd and 1st battalions of the 22nd Infantry Regiment - 88 people.

These battles demanded almost inhuman efforts for both parties. Due to the lack of warm earthquakes, equipped with trenches, strong, cold winds and Soviet, and German soldiers were forced to withstand unthinkable harsh tests. Frosts reached minus 25 degrees. What was built during the night, the day for the most part was destroyed by artillery. In connection with the lack of personnel, the opponents were constantly either in battle, or did not carry duty. They could sleep no more than four hours. For the characteristics of those fights, the fact that the average daily consumption of hand grenades in the German side was 8,000 pieces. German military historians pedantically calculated that the Russians from 15.11 to 27.12.41g. They attacked small combat intelligence groups 79 times, as part of up to two mouths - 66 times, as part of the battalion and above 50 times. That is, on average, about 15 times during the day. In the reflection of sixteen tank attacks, 51 tank was destroyed, mainly like "KV" and "T-34".

It was in those days that the announcements were born among the defenders of the bridgehead: "Who was not visible at the Nevsky Patch, he did not see the grief." There was such a phrase: "Who under Dubrovka had passed death, he was born a second time." By the way, the father of Vladimir Putin fought on the Nevsky Putin, and in the fall of 1941 here he was heavier.

The death of "Nevsky Piglet" in the spring of 1942.

In the spring of 1942, the trenches and the bludges were filled with water, combat positions and from the same side came to complete dissent. At the end of April 1942, the Germans took advantage of the ice driving, violating the relationship of the defenders of the Nevsky Pig Patch with a big land, and caused a decisive blow. On the morning of April 27, the remnants of the defenders of the bridgehead were surrounded, the entire coastal part of the Neva was already in the hands of the Germans. The last thing you saw from the right bank was a piece of camouflage robe, on which large letters were derived: "Help".

By the spring of 1942, regular landings were marked at the bridgehead and less frequently. "Piglet" melted literally in front of her eyes. In April, only the 330th regiment of the rifle division was left on the Nevsky Pigatch. It remained less and less than warriors capable of keeping weapons. And when the bridgehead turned out to be cut off from the right bank of the Neva Icewater, the Nazis mastered them completely. On April 29 at 21.00, the last connection with the "Patch" was interrupted. The distance between the enemy lines was very small, just a few tens of meters, and when the brief minutes of the plid came, the enemy could be heard the conversations and cough of the cold opponents.

The last line of defense was the command post of the 330th rifle regiment, the famous "Shchurovsky" blonde: the last defenders of the bridgehead gathered here. They led the head of the Poltotel of the 86th Rifle Division Battalion Commissioner A.V. Izhar. The connection with the "Nevsky Pigatch" was interrupted, and to inform the right bank about the heavy position of the bridgehead, he ordered the wounded Major Sokolov to cross the other coast with the report and documents. At night, Sokolov, being under the enemy's machine-gun fire in ice water, was able to surrend to the other bank of the Neva, breaking through between the ice floes flooding along the river.

But the situation of the remaining defenders of the springboard has already become hopeless. Attempts to break through to the Neva were unsuccessful. Separate groups of fighters were provided by fierce resistance as early as April 28. Then everything was amended: "Nevsky Piglet" died, but did not surrender to the enemy.

On April 29, German soldiers threw grenades the last focus of defense - Shchurovsky bludge. "Nevsky Piglet" was completely captured by the enemy.

Corrected in those days fire on the Nevsky Pyatkuka Unter-Officer Wolfgang Buffan recorded in his diary: "When the bridgehead was already in our hands, the Russians made a hopeless attempt to cross through the Neva on the boats to go into the counterattack. What was not destroyed When crossing, it was completed when disembarking. You do not know what to be more surprised: the madness of those who gave the order to this hopeless operation, or the courage of suicide bumps who performed it. "

The spectacle of the captured bridgehead led to the horror of even the experienced German front-line. The land was literally repached, and only occasionally paced a fragmented tree stump on Earth. From the walls of the former Russian trenches were sticking out the hands-legs of the dead soldiers. Everything else was falling asleep after the explosions ...

Revival "Nevsky Pig Patch" in the fall of 1942

In the autumn of 1942, the Military Council of the Leningrad Front decided to again seize the bridgehead on the Neva. At the end of September, parts of the 70th and 86th rifle divisions and the 11th separate rifle brigade were pulled into the Nevsk Dubrovka. On September 9, 1942, an attempt was made by the forces of the rifle battalion to cross the left bank of the Neva in the area of \u200b\u200bMoscow Dubrovka. After a powerful artillery and aviation preparation, they crossed the river with huge losses. "Nevsky Piglet" was revived. On the night of September 25-26, the forcing the Neva began in several places at once. It was a successful attempt to capture a small springboard at the village of Arbuzovo, next to the place where there was a "Nevsky Piglet". So began his second birth. During the night, it was possible to transfer advanced groups of the 70th, 86th, 46th rifle divisions and the 11th separate rifle brigade. For a while on the left bank there was a confusion: in the shell funnel, almost next to the Soviet fighters, German infantry chains were hidden. Fearing to get in my own, neither the other side temporarily did not use artillery funds. Over the next day, the Piglet restored its former borders, and again fierce fights flashed on it.

On the night of October 6, by order of the Soviet command, the Nevsky Bridgehead was temporarily left. Two days on that shore there was no one of our fighters. And an amazing thing: for two days, without reducing the density of fire, the Germans have ragged the "delusions of the Division", as they called the Piglet, shells and mines, never daring to attack him.

This is how he recalled about the capture of Pyatachka H. Cardel (German, Lieutenant Colonel german army) In the "History of the 170th Infantry Division" (Bad Naugheim, 1953): "Only old commanders who have known the Slaughter of the First World War could not remember that they saw something similar to the Nevsky Bridgehead. Only occasionally broke the fragmented tree stump on Earth, Overpoked Heavy artillery, reactive mortars and airbabs. The baked tanks were standing near deep funnels and trenches leading to Russian trenches. From the walls of the troops, the hands and legs of the killed Russian soldiers stuck. Everything else was falling asleep after the explosions of the shells. There were mine borrowings. "

On February 17, 1943, the Germans left the stroke of the Nevsky Pigatch. After completing his task, the Nevsky Bridgehead ceased existence, which a total of about 400 days of Leningrad blockade continued.

If you go on the track by the tank in the departure of the bridgehead, we will go straight to the fraternal graves. I do not know when they began to be created, but their number grows every year. Upon fact, the entire "Nevsky Piglet" is one big fraternal grave and dig there seems to be not ethical, but people drive a desire to identify the dead, inform relatives about the place of death of the ancestors and give them the opportunity to say goodbye to each other. Therefore, you have to choose, or leave everything as it is, to upset and designate a fraternal grave, or continue to dig with noble goals.

Next to the graves on May 8, 1999, they put a small chapel of St. George Victorious. It was built in just 11 days. Many may doubt the expediency of finding religious characters here, because Soviet Union Drew faith in God. But many of those killed there soldiers were born and brought up before the era of total atheism.

Every year search groups work here, and work is not reduced. Find the remains of fighters, and shells, and details of life.

Sign up anyone manifests very rarely. Mortal tokens are detected at best in 1 out of 30 fighters. The inscription on the stove reads "456 fighters and commanders buried. Managed to identify:" and a list of 10 surnames.

If you get off the road and go to walk on the grass, you can find a lot of interesting things. The fact that many museums are considered exhibits here simply under their feet. Of course, this is primarily the merit of black archaeologists, but the atmosphere creates an amazing.

The merit of the "Nevsky Pigchka" in the breakthrough of the blockade

On January 12, 1943, the Iskra operation began, which ended on January 18, the long-awaited breakthrough of Leningrad blockade. However, the offensive from the Nevsky Bridgehead was again not successful. The divisions of the 46th Rifle Division were able to move only to 600 meters. Mondering the previous heavy battles, the German command focused on this section of the front two shelf of the 170th infantry division, the bargaining, but the area of \u200b\u200bMaryino. It was there that was the first successful breakthrough of the 136th Rifle Division.

Answer the question was, our huge victims were justified on the "Nevsky Pyatachka", today the German sources are helping, who were previously unavailable to domestic historians. As Yuri Lebedev notes, apparently, this tiny land of sushi for the Germans has been near, although not fatal, but very painful. According to the German military historian Hartwyga Polmann, the fights on the bridgehead demanded that the Wehrmacht soldiers are inhuman efforts. "The position was the narrow trenches by 3-4 people, with foxes, - he writes. - What was built in the day, during the day for the most part we were destroyed by Russian artillery and mortar fire. In connection with the lack of personnel of the soldiers, the soldiers were constantly either in Battle, or carried on duty ... The combat capability of the opposing units of the units, despite the delivery of recovered soldiers in the company, was constantly declining due to losses, diseases, frostbines, as well as the decline of spiritual and physical forces. "

Georgy Konstantinovich Zhukov said: "Without the" Nevsky Pigchka "will not last" the road of life ", and Leningrad will not last without it. Here the fate of Leningrad is solved. " The Leningrad Battle and Defense of the Legendary Nevsky Patchachka do not have analogues in world history.

So the Piglet, fulfilled its important role in the blockade breakthrough, having pulled the significant forces of the German troops and forcing them to be mistaken in choosing the direction of the main strike of Soviet troops.

Conclusion

Very many in Russia and beyond the battle of Soviet troops with Hitler's invaders on the Volga, Dnieper, Vistula, Oder, but few know about the long and bloody epic on the Neva, which turned on a bridgehead, who called "Nevsky Piglet" in 1941-1943 . Meanwhile, it is one of the most heroic and tragic pages of domestic military history.

On the tiny block of the Earth - 2.5 km on the front and 700 m to the depth - from September 1941 to January 1943, exhausting battles were continuously. Every night here, rinse innumerable losses, the battalions of Soviet soldiers were planted. There are a total of 200 thousand fighters - the sons of almost all the peoples of the USSR, and for half of them the grave became Neva.

Disputes about whether he needed or not, do not subside today. They are conducted by historians, eyewitnesses of those events and post-war generation representatives who discusses its feasibility from the point of view of the price. human life. However, our present estimates are not suitable for events of those years. The answer must be sought, assessing them with the eyes of the people of that generation. Apparently, Vladimir Putin was right who answered journalists: "I think that in war there is always a lot of mistakes. But if you fight and think about everything is mistaken around you, never win. They then thought about victory. And for us, residents blood Leningrad And today's St. Petersburgers, the Nevsky Bridgehead remains simultaneously the heroic and tragic memory of 900 days of the blockade. "(Fig.7)

How many of our soldiers died on the "Nevsky Patch" for sure no one will never say. According to different estimates, from 200 to 280 thousand soldiers. The bridgehead on the banks of the Neva is one of the bloody fields of battles in the history of wars. But to our shame, many dead heroes, who tried to save Leningrad at the cost of their lives, and remained uncompressed. (Fig.8)

List of references:

1. "From the first person. Talk to Vladimir Putin", Moscow, Vagribus, 2000

2. Nevsky Piglet. Memories of participants in battles near Nevsky Dubrovka in 1941-1943, Lenazdat, 1977

3. Unattended Leningrad. A brief essay of the history of the city in the period of the Great Patriotic War. Third ed., Pererab. and add. L., 1985.

4. O.A. Sukhodnis. Leningrad battles of 1941. Nevsky Piglet., Monograph, 2001

5. One hundred great mysteries of Russian history. Cost Author. N.N.Nepomny. M., 2007.

6. ru.wikipedia.org.

7. application :

Heroes "Nevsky Pig Patch"

On the Neva, we are in the attack, but danger of January Ice

Down Slip Battalion as Heavy Human Kohnpad

"There, on the other side, you need to take a small town,

Conscate and knock the enemy! " - ordered us a combat

Symbol White Large Snowfall from Steel Clouds

The shock wind breaks the body, pressing to the ground

We do not feel your fingers for a long time under KERZY boots,

But already Politruk raised upward pistol

He will go ahead, not afraid of non-shells nor bullets

Well, we run a torn chain under the screams "Hurray!"

And from the fear of going to the wormwood will be a furious pulse,

Forcing crawling on glass carpet

Well, on the other side, the hurricane fire will meet us

Will fall like a balloons fighting friends

After the fight, every third will fall in forever

To the worst joy of flies emanating in the Claw

Specified a breakthrough by the arrow in the map of the hand

He is a great strategist, only again hundreds of thousands of soldiers

Let's give their lives for a hard and domineering order:

You have any price to have a span of your cities!

He is the hero-commander, and after the past war

His homeland will put a bust on the native side

Well, those who died in the name of the high price,

Will be forever lying under water on or end

I stayed alive, why - I do not know now,

But he remember the first day in the most smallest features.

And nights in the cold sweat wake shouting

From the fact that the whole body in rusty bandages

For many years I come here at the end of January

And standing, remembering the soldiers who have passed

The glass river do a sacred rite

Memorial prayer for those whose grave is water

About the Neva to our attack .........

Kabalin Evgeny

fig.1 Location "Nevsky Pigyachka" on the map

fig. 2 Autumn 1941 on Nevsky Pigatch

fig. 3.

Spring 1942 on Nevsky Pigatch

Russian President Vladimir Putin tomorrow visit Nevsky Piglet near the village of Nevskaya Dubrovka to Leningrad region And there will be colors to the Monument-Memorial "Rubezhnaya Stone". Here in 1941 he fought his father, Vladimir Spiridonovich Putin.

In the history of the defense of Leningrad there is an episode that has long remained little-known. This is the defense of Nevsky Pigychka. The brine for military standards, the bridgeheads so richly watered the blood of the fighters and commanders of the Red Army, is so stiff by iron, which is still growing there to this day. And this is not surprising: almost all the time thousands of shells and bombs fell on his defenders.

On January 12, 1943, the last offensive began with Nevsky Pigkachka in order to break through Leningrad's blockade. And although all the attacks of Soviet troops from this springboard did not lead to success, they played their role. "From there, Soviet troops have repeatedly tried to start an offensive at Moscow State University and Sinyavino towards the troops that caused the blow from the East, and thereby breaking up the blockade of the city," said the correspondent "World 24" researcher Museum-Reserve "Breakthrough Blockada Leningrad" Svetlana Ivanova. - These attempts failed. But the Nevsky Pyatkaya pulled the significant forces of the enemy, providing a successful breakthrough on other front sites. "

"May not be killed"

The Nevsky Piglet is obliged to be the first attempt to break through the blockade, undertaken by Soviet troops at the end of September 1941. The position of the deposited city was desperate. To change it, the bid of the Supreme Commander on September 12 appointed the commander of the Leningrad Front of Marshal Georgy Zhukov. Six days later, he gave an order to forcing the Neva and strike in the direction of the city of MgA, where Leningrad defenders and "Greater Earth" were divided by only 12-13 kilometers.

For the preparations for the occurrence of the 115th Rifle Division and the 4th Brigade of Marine, only two days were given. Hurry was justified: the Germans did not have time to gain themselves at the only occupied boregings, and the Soviet troops had a chance to knock them out from there. The first day of the offensive instilled the hope that this is how everything will be. On the night of September 20, Soviet troops in silence, without any art preparation, forced the Neva opposite the village of Nevskaya Dubrovka, in the place where the river is quite narrow, and the sudden attack managed to knock out the German troops. There was a bridgehead of two kilometers in a width and a half to depth. It was called the Nevsky Pigatch.

In the memoirs of many military leaders of this afraid, such an explanation of this name can be found: they say, on a large-scale headband cards, this bridgehead focused on a five-supported coin. But most likely, this is a literary exaggeration: small sections of fierce defense in the Red Army were called "pyatadki" and before, and after that. The word "Piglet" itself has long been denoted a small piece of land - "with a flint size."

German defense turned out to be stronger than those believed in the Soviet headquarters. Develop the offensive, started on September 20, failed. Moreover, the counterattacking, the Germans forced our troops to retreat, and the size of the Nevsky Piglet declined: two kilometers on the front and no more than 800 meters in depth. So everything froze: the German troops lacked the strength to lose the enemy in the Neva, and ours are to accumulate the strength and attack.

Exactly in a month, October 20, the second offensive began in order to breakthrough the blockade of Leningrad - and again in it the role of the chief bridgehead was taken away by Nevsky Pigatch. But here, the success did not succeed: over the past days, the Germans managed to strengthen their defense. Now the package was surrounded by rows of barbed wire, minefields and a large number of artillery, which shot not only every meter of Soviet positions, but also all eight crossings organized through the Neva opposite the bridgehead.

Here, as I recalled this in my memoirs "From Neva to Elba", General Semen Borschev: "Food for the" Piglet "was delivered from the right banks in thermos, while many fighters of hozvzvodov and the elderly died. It also happened that they traveled to us wounded, with protracted thermos. Often, people on the "patch" remained without food. And it happened, the fighter only gets the long-awaited blockade buckle in the bowler and hardly time to bring a spoon to the mouth, as the enemy opens fire. And now the cauldron is lying around - he is no longer needed ... fulfilling the order of the commander, we crossed the "Piglet" 18 hiking kitchens. Over the age of two, they were all divided by enemy shells and mines. Fighters of hozvzvodov at many meters once a day were transported to the left bank and back under strong fire. Maybe, not everyone will be killed and not all the thermos are trying with fragments ... and a strange thing, over the years I am still amazing how you could deliver ammunition, food, newspapers, letters to the "Nevsky Piglet" and to paint the time to read the newspaper Write an answer to the news from the house. Then no one was surprised. And on the "Nevsky Pyatachka", the most complained of all small coastal bridgeheads of the past war, developed his weekday life. "

According to modern researchers, employees of the Museum-Reserve "Breakthrough" Leningrad Blockada ", it happened that they even fell in love!

"PANE HUNTING"

Wheeling a week, the Soviet command, focused the strength and managed to send even heavy tanks from the Nevsky Piglet. A new offensive began, but it ended in failure. Nevertheless, the rate required a breakthrough. Attacks on Nevsky Pigatch continued until December 27, but neither expanding him, nevertheless to break through the defense of the German troops never succeeded.

After that, the patch was established on the patch. It was possible to even evacuate from there on the ice of the tanks, subject to recovery. Pulled off the patch and a substantial part of the troops. The next offensive began under the Volkhov, and all the most combat-ready parts were tight. Very fast german intelligence It turned out that the unique 330th regiment was left to defend the Nevsky Piglet, and besides very shabby in battles. The German command has begun to prepare an operation to destroy a bridgehead. The operation was called "DRUECKJAGD" ("PONTING HUNTING"). Having created a fivefold advantage in force, the German troops were transferred to the offensive on April 24, 1942.

The success of the offensive was determined not only by the difference in the number of troops, but also the fact that the Iceshop began on the Neva made almost impossible to transfer reserves for the defenders of the Nevsky Piglet. Yes, and the inverse crossing through the ice drift was only a few. Only 123 soldiers got to the right bank. Among them, three times the wounded chief of the head of the 330th regiment Alexander Sokolov, overcoming the icy river, the woven. He was a master of sports in swimming and champion of the Volga Military District. (By the way, it was he who in the spring of 1990 showed the search engines where the last command office was located, thanks to which the remains of his defenders were found).

By April 29, 1942, the bridgeheads ceased to exist, although some of his defenders continued to resist a few more days. It is desperate, but even the enemies appreciated courageous resistance. Surprisingly the fate of the commander of the 330th regiment of Major Sergei Blokhin. April 29, 1942, heavily wounded in the neck and both legs, he was contuge. For four days lay on the battlefield. In an unconscious state, he was captured and was sent to the camp in Gatchina. Perhaps as a sign of respect for his courage, he was not "flew into consumption." After eight days in the camp, Russian prisoners of war, doctors amputated both legs. A month later, Blokhin was in Lithuania, then Poland, Eastern Prussia. January 22, 1945 was released. Before March, the 45th Blokhin lay in the hospital and at the same time he passed a check of Smerd. Then he spent five months in the rear hospitals. Later lived in Leningrad until the end of the 1970s.

Breakthrough blockades

In the bet, did not leave hope to break through the ring of the blockade of Leningrad in the Nevsky Piglet region, and prepared for a new offensive. It began on September 9, and the attacks attracted all cash on this section of the front, including even the cadets of the naval school. This is how one of the cadets Ivan Lubovsky recalled about this offensive: "On September 7, 1942, our cadet rose was raised by alarm. We sent first to the milling stream, and from there to Nevsky Dubrovka. On September 9, on the 8thochement, we began to boost the Neva, to disintegrate the same Nevsky Piglet, which is now famous. Nevsky Piglet did not occupy at that time. Of the 180 cadets returned only 70. The remaining died or were injured, but mostly died. The next time we crossed on September 25 and took this pen. We, cadets, did everything with the troops. Then he arrived a team of "cadets to return to the school." We returned only 11 people. "

The second attempt to win the patch was undertaken on September 26. It turned out to be more successful: Soviet troops managed to consolidate on the Nevsky Pigatch, but only on it, since we were knocked out from the other seduced bridgeheads. Defense lasted until October 5, after which he received the order to leave the Piglet. And that's what is surprising: for some reason, the German troops did not take the liberty liberated! On the night of October 8-19, a summary company of 114 volunteers under the command of Captain Nikolai Britikov crossed him.

When the Germans have tried themselves and began to attack, it was this company who managed to reflect all the attacks, for which all her fighters and commanders were awarded the orders of a combat red banner (18 people) and the Red Star (30 people), as well as medals "for courage" (the remaining 66 human).

After that, the Soviet troops have no longer receded from the Nevsky Pigchka, although in November 1942 he barely lost it under the onslaught of German troops. The position was saved by artillery, by the time the learned to put "firing curtains" on the path of enemy troops. In two months, the famous Operation "Spark" began, which ended in a breakthrough of Leningrad blockade. At that moment, Nevsky Pyatag and prey to the end of the very role that fell out from the very first days. He shoved big powers Germans, paralyzing their actions on other sites. As a result, the beginning of the Soviet troops ended with success.

Why were such victims

In the post-Soviet period, the history of the defense of the Nevsky Pyatachka covered the catastrophic amount of rumors, speculation and "research", the main goal of which was the desire to prove that it was a meaningless meat grinder that all the strategic and tactical decisions of the Soviet command led only to unjustified victims. The number of alleged victims has increased. The result of the investigation conducted by the Commission of the Colonel-General retired Grigory Krivosheeva: about 50 thousand dead. But you can meet other numbers. According to General Mikhail Dukhanova, at least 100 thousand people died on a penchant, Gregory Shigigin - 64-68 thousand. "Walking" on the Internet data about two hundred and even three hundred thousand victims are not confirmed by any documents.

Unreasonable and assumptions that all operations associated with the Nevsky Pigatch were unjustified neither tactically, nor strategically. The Germans themselves called the Nevsky Piglet "Osin nest". Since he trimmed the considerable forces of the enemy, facilitating the situation of the defenders of Leningrad in other sites.

There are also statements that all Soviet losses were useless, because the Germans themselves did not make any sense to disintegrate this "piece of land". It is not clear only why then the attack on the emaciated Soviet soldiers was elite German parts - like paratroopers from the 7th "Cretan" air brigade, who were spent that it was better to jump on Crete than once to the Nevsky Pigatch ...

This is what the correspondent "World 24" said this. senior Researcher Museum-Reserve "Breakthrough of the blockade of Leningrad" Oleg Sukhodovsev: "With its active actions, Leningraders forced the German command to transfer the most combat-ready, elite parts of the Wehrmacht to the Nevsky Front: the 7th Aviation Interesting and 1st Infantry Division, intended for the Tikhvin-Volkhov destination. Thus, our troops on the Neva made their contribution to the defeat of German compounds that tried to completely block Leningrad. "

Later, during the operation of the Iskra, "... With its active actions, the defenders of this springboard pulled a part of the enemy's forces from the main direction of strike and accepted up to 70% of the artillery-mortar fire," the scientist says. - Thus, they ensured the success of the north of the shock grouping of the Leningrad Front. On January 18, she connected with the troops of the Volkhov Front. The blockade of Leningrad was broken! ".

Today, Nevsky Piglet became a huge memorial resembling what colossal victims are paid for victory in the Great Patriotic War. Until now, search works are underway on the former bridgehead, and so far from under the ground, the search engines are raised by the remains of Soviet soldiers. If the statement is true that the war is not over until the last of its soldiers is buried, then in Nevsky Pig martialctions It will not be completed for a long time. However, as the information war, mixed in the memory of heroes.

During the Great Patriotic War on the left bank of the Neva River, between Selo Pavlovo and the city of Kirovsky, on the tiny plot of land, called later "Nevsky Pigatch", took place the bloody battles of Soviet troops with german fascist invaders. Indeed, the size of this key bridgehead is small - 800 m from the coastline and 2 km along the river. According to historians counting, in one day, 52 thousand shells and bombs were reset.

From the east, the "Nevsky Piglet" Memorial is limited to a 76 mm tool on the pedestal. From the south - the so-called front-line stone, which is a diverse granite and cast-iron cubes, intersecting with each other (Project O.S. Romanova, E.H. Nasibulina, M.L. Hidekel). On one of the design cubes there is a burner, which depicts warriors. At that place, where September 20, 1941, a landing for troops occurred, now it is the granite stele. Before the start of the war, the village of Arbuzovo was in the place of the "Nevsky Pigchka".

This place is the memory of one of the most tragic pages of the history of the Great Patriotic War. The bloody battles of Soviet and German troops were blocked on this small bridgehead, which for 400 days tried to break through Leningrad's blockade on this tiny section of the front. At night, from 19/2 20, 1941, the fighters of the Leningrad Front crossed the Neva and were able to consolidate their positions near Nevsky Dubrovka. All attempts to move further success and did not crowned. The battles on the "Nevsky Pigatch" went to April 29, 1942. Our troops were forced to pass their positions and were able to re-seen the bridgehead on September 26. Fights did not stop for a moment.

According to historical I. archive documents, the losses of the Red Army on this section of the front amounted to several hundred tens of thousands. In 1960, a figure of 200 thousand was named in one of the publications of Truth. At the beginning of the new millennium, the data of Leningrad veterans were clarified, and the figure was 50 thousand. The losses of the Germans are estimated at 35-40 thousand. To date, each year the remains of the soldiers of the Red Army and Wehrmacht are found here.

There is a prevailing opinion that at Nevsky Pigatch, on each square meter, 6 to 100 of our soldiers died. These data were not published in the media, historians refer to them. The historian V. Beshanov in his book "Leningrad defense" says that at each meter "Nevsky Pigchka" lay down 17 people. Only 250 thousand soldiers and officers Soviet army. In the documentary film "Leningrad Front" veteran I. Krasnopheev says that each meter was 10 dead soldiers, and our losses were 100 thousand. But to speak or try to produce any calculations, based on the size of the bridgehead or the number of participants in battles, it is incorrect, if we consider that the space of the combat bridgehead changed.

Nowadays, the Nevsky Piglet Memorial is one of the many places on the heroic Leningrad land, where mourning ceremonies are held annually, solemn events dedicated to the Great Patriotic War.

Memorial "Nevsky Piglet" is part of the green belt of glory.

Russia, the left bank of the Neva in the area of \u200b\u200bthe village of Moscow Dubrovka, the Mgin City District of the Leningrad Region of the RSFSR (for 1941).

Battle for Nevsky Piglet(September 19, 1941 - February 17, 1943) - This is a battle for a small bridgehead on the left bank of the Neva River, thanks to which the Soviet soldiers tried to develop an offensive for the discharge of the city.

The bridgehead was located near the doubles, and the terrain directly influenced the course of hostilities. So, a small width of the Neva in the area allowed to quickly transfer reserves in the bridgehead. But the Nazis had the opportunity to conduct an intense and accurate artillery shelling of Soviet positions on the heel. The terrain near the bridgehead was extremely difficult to prevent the Soviet troops to develop an offensive.

Immediately after the ring of the environment around Leningrad slammed, the Soviet command put the task as soon as possible to discard the city. It was necessary to overcome the Neva and attack the enemy, moving towards the Volkhov Front. The units of the special operational group suddenly attacked Germans and managed to capture a small piece of land on the left bank to the 20th of September.

The fighters tried to expand the blocks of the occupied territory, but the Germans understood all the danger of the current situation. Blood battles unfolded for the pen, and the Germans at the same time began to build a long-term defensive structure throughout its perimeter. Heavy artillery was tightened, which began to "work" in the Soviet positions methodically.

By mid-October, the Soviet command decided to try again to discard the Germans from the bridgehead. Several divisions have come to battle, which could not achieve results. Another onset of the Red Army began in November, but bad intelligence and lack of ammunition again did not succeed.

David on the troops and Stalin, who wanted to break through the blockade at any cost. Soon the shelves of volunteers were formed, who had to break through the defense of the Germans, but these bloody battles were also ended in failure. By the end of the year, endless attacks continued, which did not end so. The Germans were also not limited to passive defense, counterattaking with every opportunity - but they could not eliminate the Piglet.

Even in the rare days, the lulls of the Red Army man continued to carry large losses - hundreds of shells flew on the heads of fighters. Soviet soldiers and officers were forced to hide behind the dead corpses that were on the patch great amount. Germans for the end of the year counted about eighty attacks of Soviet troops.

In the spring of 1942, ice freight began than the Germans did not fail to take advantage - they attacked the defenders of the bridgehead. After a few days of stubborn fights, all defenders of this small block of land were destroyed - attempts to discard the Germans from the river.

In the fall, the Soviet command decided to again seize the bridgehead on the left bank - at the end of September, the Red Army fell in the old positions. They failed to expand the bridgeheads, but the Germans no longer had so many forces for counterattacks. The battles at the end of 1942 were not distinguished by that fierce that was previously.

In January 1943, the Iskra operation began, in which the forces from the Nevsky heel participated. Persistent battles have faced, during which the Soviet troops have never managed to significantly expand the bridgehead. Only in early February, the Nazis were thrown away from the heel.

In the battles for this small block of land, a large number of soldiers and officers died in both sides. Soviet troops lost from fifty to two hundred thousand people, and the Germans are several tens of thousands. Historians still argue, whether it makes sense in such victims for the sake of a small bridgehead. But it should be noted that the Germans also carried heavy losses in the battles behind the bridgehead, tightening all the new forces with this area.

Now there is a memorial with the same name in the place of the bloody fighting. A few decades later local residents The remains of soldiers, weapons, ammunition continued to find on places of battle. The father of the current President of Russia Vladimir Putin, Vladimir Spiridonovich, was fought on Nevsky Pontachka, who received a serious injury.

How did the found WT-5 ended up at the bottom of the Neva? History Attempts by breaking the blockade of Leningrad

We suspect that after familiarization with the report on the rise of the tank from the bottom of the Neva, many readers may arise a natural question: "How did he get there? It is clear that I drowned, but where and why did he go? " Here is so short story Events that took place during the blockade of Leningrad 30 km east of the city on a bridgehead, which received the name of Nevsky Piglet because of his small sizes.

By August 1941, the motorized buildings of the fourth tank group of hepen were 750 km along the land of the Baltic States and were almost the walls of Leningrad, the anticipation of his quickly quick capture. At that moment, the Germans could not even even mind that the battle for the city on the Neva would distract the almost fifth of the Wehrmacht's forces, would last a year and a half, and in the end it will be lost.

Environment

Record compared to other shock German-fascist groups of the onset of the army "North" had and reverse side. Combat units were dangerous from the rear, and before applying last strike They needed a counterpart. Hitler's command perfectly understood that to take the assault a huge city with retreating parts of the Red Army would not succeed. Therefore, the main blow was adjusted bypass, between Lake Ilmen and Narva, based on the connection with the Finnish army. In this case, the termination of communication with the rest of the country did the surrender of the 2.5 million city inevitable. The term of the German offensive was transferred several times, but it was impossible to further pull: Soviet troops, having received a temporary respite, hastily strengthened at the Luzhsky turn.

The operation began on August 8. But at first, German divisions have advanced only by 3-5 km, where they were stopped. Only through the day of battle, the 1st and 6th tank divisions broke into the depths of defense in the direction of Krasnogwar-deisk. And on August 10, the German infantry strike was followed at Novgorod. Attack of the SS Division "Polyzay" did not bring success in the meadow. Moreover, her commander General Mulforstedt tried to inspire the soldiers on the battlefield and was immediately killed. Being under permanent pressure From the enemy, on August 22, the Soviet parts received an order for the departure. Finally, the ring was closed on September 8, when the Germans captured Shlisselburg on the shore of Ladoga, two days ahead of the conrtudar of the 54th army.

The first attempt of the breakthrough of the environment followed on the night of September 20. The divisions of the 115th Rifle Division and the 4th Marine Brigade crossed the Neva near the Moscow Dublovka area and captured a small bridgehead on the left bank (length - 4 km, depth - up to 800 m). At the same time, they cut the Highway Leningrad -Shlisselburg. After 10 days, together with the divisions of the 10th rifle brigade, six BT-7 tanks appeared on the bridgehead. By this time, under the blows of the enemy, the plot was reduced to two kilometers on the front, but still he was retained. And at this time, the block of land appeared on the working cards of the command, named by the Nevsky Pigatch.

In defense

The Soviet command decided to strengthen the rifle parts taken by combat equipment. Before tankers stood a completely nontrivial task. Neva, in this place had a width of about 400 m, and the German artillery, being on a higher shore, immediately opened fire at every attempt to establish a crossing ... First of all, the Leningrad Metrostroevians prepared a platform together with engineering parts; For a hidden approach, machines to the water was a fence pit. Ferries mounted from metal containers delivered from the Baltic Plant. Pontaers of the 42nd battalion secured the rope on the opposite shore, and the loading of the first tank began - a 52-ton one. His driver - Sergeant Vasily Chernov - voluntarily volunteered to go to the first flight ... Against the background of the water alcohol, there was nothing to mask, and as soon as he entered the ferry, shells began to ride. Damage to the ferry began to settle the side. So that he does not turn over, Chernov gave reverse and in shallow water brought the tank back to the shore. Until two nights, it was possible to send three cars, but during the loading of the next projectile hit right in the "Pier". I had to build a new one. Thus, the accumulating forces on the bridgehead, the command of the Neva Operational Group (legs) expected a blow to a connection with the main forces of the Red Army, but each time the reserves literally burned on fire.

The first attempt of a breakthrough in September did not succeed. The following was taken only at the end of November. But due to the exacerbated situation under Tikhvin, it was also discontinued. Hitlerians all this time did not leave attempts to reset the defenders of the Piglet into the river. On other days, the number of attacks on the position reached 12-16. Shells broke the ice countless times, people and cars went into the stall of Nevsky water. Even now, after so many years after the war, the magnetometers react to solid stripes of metal pieces crossing the river bottom. Our artillery was answered by our artillery because of the river. By the way, the Stalinet-28 armored train was also participating in this duel (built in Leningrad in the fall of 1941). He mounted on a branch laid to the Neva Dubrovka, almost until the spring of next year, supporting the defenders of Piglet with fire 100mm sea guns.

STATISTICS

The bridgehead existed for 12 months with a slight break. During this time, 9 rifle divisions and 4 separate brigades were fought on it, as well as more than 140 other units. The total losses of the Soviet troops, according to official data, amounted to 200 thousand people (more than a quarter of them - detention). German losses in the area are estimated at 35-40 thousand soldiers and officers.

First Winter Blockada

In winter, the Soviet command has repeatedly tried to expand the bridgehead. But on the terrain, deprived of any shelters, the tanks quickly got the opponent. In early December, there was a case unique for any standards. T-34 of the 107th tank regiment, being on the tip of the attack, exploded on Mine at the forefront of the Germans. The tank workers who came to themselves saw nearby still a couple of frozen "thirty highways" (the third burned). Help did not have to wait. German infantry was distilled off several times with machine-gun fire. By night, fight verse, and the crew was able to inspect the damage to the tank outside. The left side was badly damaged: sloped slide, the leading wheel and one of the rinks are broken down. On the right just broke the caterpillar. Communication with the headquarters was absent. The gunner of the instruments of the Loginov suggested that the comrades stay in the tank and support their fire when re-attack. The shooter-radist Sudenko and the wounded mechanic-driver cats agreed. At night, there was shooting nearby, but no one came to the tank. As it turned out, the regiment commander sent a group of three to find out the fate of the crew, but they came across the Germans who came with the same goals. Since the tankists did not respond to shooting, the intelligence officers considered them dead, and the Germans received fighters for the separation crew and also lost interest in a shot down car.

As a result, a frozen tank stood before the enemy defense line of 77 hours! Three tankers had no food or water. On the third night, the crew was able to finish the repair of one caterpillar, and the next morning they attempted to return to their. At dawn, the diesel engine warmed torches. When he started, the logins opened the shooting in the focus on the panlocks and gun positions (he managed to study their location well). And since the German guns in such an early hour did not even have the calculations, the tanker was unpunished with impunity, as a target in a dash. Finally, the engine warmed up, and the mechanic-driver strontulted the tank from the scene. The reverse path of the length of just a half kilometers took several hours. From our front edge, we noticed the strange movement of the tank with zigzags and, realizing what was happening, caused a barrage fire on the trenches of the enemy. After returning to his tankers awarded orders. Good luck did not leave them and later: all three continued to fight and met victory.

Repeatedly tanks on a patch turned out to be an extreme means, which decided the outcome of the battle in our favor. At the end of February, the Nazis twice unsuccessful, but tried to break through the defense in the center of positions. Nothing having achieved, they tried to go along the coast, but stumbled upon the newly crushed cars. It was very uncomfortable to maneuver on a narrow band of coastal sand, two tanks fell into wins or funnels almost around the tower. Nevertheless, tankers managed to remove the enemy.

Taking advantage of unexpectedly started ice trim, the fascists went to the assault. Within two days of continuous battle, the front line disappeared, the positions of opponents were mixed. Both sides were not considered with losses, the earth was literally burning. Having a numerical advantage of Germans managed to liquidate on April 29. The remaining defenders of the Nevsky Pyatachka tried to get to the right bank on floating flames under the machine-gun fire. Managed to do it a few.

Return to the bridgehead

Finally, the decision to take Leningrad Hitler designed at the order of July 23. The Army Group "North" was prescribed to complete the storm in the city by early September 1942. The plan called "Northern Light" suggested a cutting off the city from the troops in the Neva area and Lake Ladoga. (After completing the assault of Sevastopol under Leningrad, the 11th army under the command of Erich von Mansch-Tein was transferred.) The Soviet side also sought to take the initiative to their hands and prepared a breakthrough to the city through the shortest distance through the blue wine. In this area, the position of the Leningrad and Volkhov Fronts divided the strip of the width of only 16 km. Soviet troops under the command of Metskova made the first move almost a month before the start of the German offensive. The assault groups of the 2nd shock army slowly moved through the dense defense of the enemy. By early September, only a few kilometers remained to the Neva. To meet the troops of the Leningrad Front, who again seized two bridgeheads on the left bank: one almost in the same place, where he was last time, and the second is below the flow, the village of Annenskoye.

In the area of \u200b\u200bPigachka Neva, three rifle divisions and a separate brigade, which were given to the amplification of the 86th and 118th separate tank battalions (OTB) of mixed composition (T-26, BT-2 and -5, T-34, KV-1 ) And the battalion of light floating tanks T-37 and T-38 (OLTB). On the night of September 26, the first ten ten tanks from Oltb approached the crossing. Because of the breakdown, three stopped at the water, and seven cars rushed to the opposite shore. The Germans illuminated the rockets river and opened fire. Only three tanks got to the right bank, but they were quickly beaten. Over the four subsequent nights, 16 floating machines, seven light T-26, with cannon weapons, as well as a pair of T-26 and one BT-2 with machine guns in the towers. The shore was swamped and littered by the remnants of broken boats and logs, which made it difficult to exit the pontoon. It was possible to move in an open area only with great difficulty, since the entire land was cut by trenches and funnels from shells and bombs. Under the constant arthogne and aircraft raids, the number of combat-ready tanks has decreased in front of the eyes. As a result, by October 5, only ... one car remained on the move. On this day, using insufficient use of the 70th and 86th rifle divisions, about 40 german soldiers "Squined" along the narrow-chain almost to the shore itself. Part of our infantrymen succumbed to panic and ran. Two tanks standing on firing positions (one of them is simply brunked in a swamp, and the other was damaged), opened fire from machine guns. A group of commanders and fighters-tankers took two boxes grenades and threw them the Germans. The fight moved to a hand-to-hand fight. Oltb Bai-yes, the driver of Oltb Bai-yes is a knife of a German officer, and another driver - Rozhkov - killed several Germans from Nagan.

On the night of October 6-1 on October 7, two repair brigades crossed the Neva, during the next day the mobility of five cars and prepared them for evacuation. But the enemy broke them again with arthogne, and BT-2 burned down from direct hit when approaching the ferry. To withdraw from the bridgehead was only one T-26.

Lost illusions

Instead of the storming of the city of Mansh-Tayn, I had to organize an improvised counteroffensive. Six infantry divisions and one tank with the support of the battalion of the newest tiger tanks and the self-propeller battalion hit from different sides to the foundation of the wedge chopped into the German defense. As a result, the 2nd shock again fell into the environment. After creating the "boiler" part german forces Deployed to the Neva. On September 29, the 28th Hsenther and 12th tank divisions were eliminated by the bridgehead at An-Nensky. Nevsky Piglet resigned again.

Meanwhile, Hitler demanded as quickly as possible to begin an offensive on Leningrad. To the "boiler" transferred a heavy artillery intended for the shelling of the city. By the middle of October, the resistance was suppressed, and the opponents underlined thousands of losses were again in the positions of monthly limitations. But the started heavy rains have blocked the few roads and thereby put an end to large-scale operations. Soon the army of Manstein was transferred to the great bows, and then to the Don. The threat of direct storming of the city finally passed.

Operation "Spark"

A new plan for removing the blockade The front command began to develop immediately after the completion of autumn battles. From December, the troops began to prepare for a breakthrough on specially built by the type of German defense polygons in the rear. The fighters had to run on the ice of the Neva for seven and a half minutes. Rifle parts were trained simultaneously with those tank units with whom they had to go into battle together. By January managed to gather at the place of the offensive reserves from all over the front. The compound had a numerical advantage over the enemy by infantry by 4.5 times, according to artillery, it is 6-7 times, and on tanks - 10 times.

On the morning of January 12, the troops went to a breakthrough after artillery training. The infantry went down on the ice, the tanks crossed only on the third day of the battle along fortified crossing. The 45th Guards Division hit the Germans from the Piglet from the first trench, but could not move further under strong fire. The connection of two fronts occurred in the morning of January 18 in the area of \u200b\u200bthe 1st town.

Of course, it is impossible to judge the events in Nevsky Pompat. The fire, whole year Bowling over this block of our Earth, highlighting too controversial for unambiguous estimates. Everything was here: and the real heroism of the fighters who stood to death, and unjustified orders of commanders, aimlessly designer people, and the sadly famous progroms of the NKVD. Moreover, these battles became one of the greatest episodes not only in the battle for Leningrad, but also in the entire World War II.

In the 60s of the last century, the search engines conducted the following experiment: they sought the ground, taken from one arbitrarily selected square meter of the Nevsky Piglet. It turned out that it contains about 10 kg of fragls and 38 bullets! As you guesses, such finds are not uncommon here and to this day ...

text: Andrei Aksenov
Photo: From the archive