3 Reich symbols. Identification SS Division Signs

Diamonds of the Third Reich are almost all serious sources, most of the diamond market researchers categorically argue that De Birsc Corporation refused to cooperate with Hitler's Germany. Central sales organization diamond monopolist

Diamonds of the Third Reich almost all serious sources, most of the diamond market researchers categorically argue that De Birsca refused to cooperate with Hitler's Germany. Central sales organization diamond monopolist

The symbols were strong weapons in the Nazi conversion of society. Neither before, nor after this in history, the symbols did not play such an important role in political life and were not used so consciously. The national revolution, on the idea of \u200b\u200bthe Nazis, not only had to be implemented - it should have been visible.

Nazis not only destroyed all those democratic public institutions laid down during the Weimara Republic, they reduced no and all external signs of democracy in the country. National Socialists swallowed the state even more than it was possible to make Mussolini in Italy, and party symbols became part of the state symbolism. The black and red-yellow banner of the Weimar Republic replaced the Nazi Red-white-black with a swastika. The German state coat of arms was replaced by a new one, and the swastika took a central place in it.

The life of society at all levels was impregnated by Nazi symbolism. No wonder Hitler was interested in the techniques of influence on the mass consciousness. Relying on the opinion of the French sociologist Gustav Le Bon that controlling large groups of people is best with the help of propaganda aimed at feeling, and not on intelligence, he created a giant propaganda apparatus, which had to convey to the masses of the idea of \u200b\u200bnational socialism in simple, understandable I. emotional. A lot of official symbols appeared, each of which reflected a part of the Nazi ideology. The characters worked the same as the rest of the propaganda: the same type, repeatability and mass production.

The desire of the Nazis to the total authority over citizens was also evidenced by the signs of the differences that should be worn to people from various spheres. Members of political organizations or administration wore stripes from fabric, honorary signs and plugging icons with symbols that were approved by the Ministry of Propaganda Goebbels.

Differences were used to separate the "unworthy" to participate in the construction of a new Reich. Jews, for example, put a stamp in the passport with the letter J (Jude, Jew) to control their entry and departure from the country. Jews were prescribed to wear stripes on clothes - the yellow six-pointed "David Star" with the word Jude ("Jew"). Such a system was the greatest spread in concentration camps, where the prisoners were divided into categories and forced them to wear stripes that denoted them to belong to a particular group. Often the stripes were triangular like warning road signs. Different categories of prisoners corresponded to different colors of the stripes. Black worn mentally defective, alcoholics, lazy, gypsies and women sent to concentration camp for the so-called antisocial behavior: prostitution, lesbianness or for the use of contraceptives. Men-homosexuals were obliged to wear pink triangles, members of the Jehovah's Witnesses sect - purple. Red, so hated by the Nazis, the color of socialism, wore "enemies of the state": political prisoners, socialists, anarchists and masons. The stripes could be combined. For example, a Jew-homosexual was forced to wear a pink triangle on a yellow triangle. Together they created a two-color "Star David."

Swastika

Swastika is the most famous symbol of German national socialism. This is one of the oldest and most common symbols in the history of humanity, which was used in many cultures at different times and in different parts of the world. His origin is controversial.

The most ancient archaeological finds with the image of the swastika are rock paintings on ceramic trekking found in Southeast Europe, their age is more than 7 thousand years. The swastika is found there as part of the "alphabet", which was used in the Indus Valley in the Bronze Age, that is, 2600-1900 BC. Such finds of the bronze and early iron century were found in the excavations in the Caucasus.

Archaeologists found a swastika not only in Europe, but also on subjects found in Africa, South and North America. Most likely, in different regions, this symbol was used completely independently.

The meaning of the swastika may be different depending on the culture. In ancient China, for example, the swastika denoted the number 10,000 and further infinity. In Indian Jain, it denotes four levels of being. In Hinduism, the swastika, in particular, symbolized God of Fire Agni and God of the sky Diaus.

Numerous and its names. In Europe, the character was called a "four-way", or Cross Gammadion, and even just Gammadion. The word "swastika" came from Sanskrit and it can be translated as "something that brings happiness."

Swastube as an Aryan symbol

The transformation of the swastika from the ancient symbol of the Sun and good luck to one of the most hated signs in the Western world began with the excavations of the German archaeologist Henry Schliman. In the 70s of the XIX century, Shliman began excavating the ruins of an antique three, near Hisarlyca in the north of modern Turkey. On a set of finds, the archaeologist discovered a swastika, a symbol familiar to him on ancient ceramics found during the excavations of Keningswald in Germany. Therefore, Schliman decided that he found the missing link, connecting the German ancestors, Greece of the Homer's era and mythical India, and the "Mahabharat" and "Ramayana".

Schliman advised with Emil Burnauf by Emil Burnauf, who argued that the swastika is a stylized image (top view) of the burning altar of ancient ary. Since the arias worshiped fire, the swastika was their main religious symbol, made the conclusion of the Burnauf.

The Nakhodka caused a sensation in Europe, especially in shortly before the united Germany, where the ideas of the Burnauf and Shl Shliman met a hot response. Gradually, the swastika lost its initial meaning and began to be considered exclusively an Aryan symbol. Her distribution was considered to be a geographical indication of where the ancient "overalls" were in one way or another historic period. More sober-sized scientists resisted such simplification and indicated in cases where the swastika was discovered outside the distribution region of Indo-European languages.

Gradually, the swastika began to give more and more anti-Semitic meaning. The Burnauf argued that the Jews did not take a swastika. Polish writer Mikael Zmigrodsky in 1889 published the book of Die Mutter Bei Den Völkern Des Arischen Stammes, which portrayed the Aryans with a clean race that did not allow mixing with Jews. In the same year, at the World Fair in Paris, Zmigrodsky arranged an exhibition of archaeological finds with a swastika. Two years later, German scientist Ernst Ludwig Krause wrote the book Tuisko-Land, Der Arischen Stämme und Götter Urheimat, in which the swastika performed as an obvious anti-Semitic symbol of national nationalism.

Hitler and swastika flag

The National Socialist Party of Germany (NSDAP) formally accepted the swastika as a party symbol in 1920. Hitler then was not yet chairman of the party, but answered in it for propaganda questions. He understood that the party would need something that would distinguish her from competing groups and at the same time attracted the masses.

Having made several sketches of the banner, Hitler opted his choice on the following: Black swastika in a white circle on a red background. The colors were borrowed from the old imperial banner, but they expressed the dogmas of National Socialism. In his autobiography "Main Campf", Hitler then explained: "Red color is a social thought in motion, White personifies nationalism, and the swastika is a symbol of the struggle of the Aryans and their victory, which is thus the victory of the idea of \u200b\u200bcreative labor, which in itself It was always an anti-Semitic and always will be anti-Semitic. "

Swastika as a national symbol

In May 1933, just a few months after the arrival of Hitler to power, a law was published on the protection of "National Symbols". According to this law, the Swastube should not be depicted on foreign subjects and the commercial use of the sign was also prohibited.

In July 1935, the German merchant ship "Bremen" entered the port of New York. The Nazi flag with a swastika waved next to the state flag of Germany. Hundreds of members of trade unions and an American Communist Party gathered on the Pier for an anti-Nazi rally. The demonstration turned into riots, the excited workers climbed onto the Bremen's board, the flag with a swastika and it was thrown into the water. The incident led to the fact that four days later, a German ambassador in Washington demanded that the American government of official apologies. Americans refused to apologize, referring to the fact that disrespect was manifested not to the state flag, but only to the flag of the Nazi party.

The Nazis managed to use this incident in their own interests. Hitler called him "humiliation of the German people." And so that the future does not happen to, the status of a swastika was raised to the level of the national symbol.

On September 15, 1935, the first of the so-called Nuremberg laws came into force. It was legalized by the colors of the German state: red, white and black, and the flag with the swastika became the state flag of Germany. In November of the same year, this banner was introduced in the army. During World War II, it spread to all the countries occupied by the Nazis.

Cult Schastika

However, in the third Reich, the swastika was not a symbol of state power, but, above all, the expression of the worldview of National Socialism. During his reign, the Nazis created a cult of swastika, which rather reminded religion than the usual political use of characters. The grand mass gatherings organized by the Nazis were like religious ceremonies, where Hitler was assigned the role of the Supreme Priest. During party days in Nuremberg, for example, Hitler from the scene exclaimed "Hail!" - And hundreds of thousands of Nazis responded to the choir: "High, my Führer"! Having dried, a huge mass watched, huge banners with a swastika slowly unfolded under a solemn drum.

This cult included a special reverence of the banner preserved since the "beer coup" in Munich 1923, when several Nazis were shot by the police. The legend argued that several drops of blood fell on the cloth. Ten years later, after coming to power, Hitler ordered to deliver this flag from the archive of the Bavarian Police. And since then, every new Army Standard or the flag with a swastika passed a special ceremony, during which a new cloth has touched this sprinkled banner with the relics of the Nazis

The cult of swastika as the symbol of the Aryan race was to replace Christianity over time. Since the Nazi ideology represented the world a struggle between races and nations, Christianity with his Jewish roots was in their eyes by another proof that previously the Aryan regions were "conquered" by Jews. By the end of World War II, the Nazis developed far-reaching plans for the transformation of the German church to "National". All Christian characters should have been replaced by Nazi. The ideologist of the party Alfred Rosenberg wrote that all the crosses, the Bible and the images of the saints should be seized from the churches. Instead of the Bible, the Altar should lie "Main Campf", and to the left of the altar - the sword. Crosses in all churches should be replaced by the "only invincible symbol - a swastika."

Post-war

After World War II, the swastika in the Western world was to such an extent related to the cruelings and crimes of Nazism, that this completely slowed down all other interpretations. Today in the West, the swastika is associated primarily with Nazism and right extremism. In Asia, the swastika sign is still considered positive, although, some Buddhist temples from the middle of the 20th century began to decorate only the left-handed swastika, although the signs of both directions were previously used.

National symbols

In the same way, as the Italian fascists represented themselves with modern heirs of the Roman Empire, the Nazis sought to prove their relationship with ancient German history. Hitler was no wonder called the state-conceived state by the third Reich. First large-scale state Education There was a German-Roman Empire, which existed that for almost a thousand years since 843 to 1806. The second attempt to create the German Empire, undertaken in 1871, when Bismarck united the North-German lands under the primacy of Prussia, suffered collapse with the defeat of Germany in the First World War.

German national socialism, like the Italian fascism, was an extreme form of nationalism. This was expressed in borrowing signs and symbols from the early history of the Germans. These include a combination of red, white and black flowers, as well as the characters that the militarist power used during the Prussian Empire.

Skull

The image of the skull is one of the most common symbols in the history of mankind. In different cultures, he had a different meaning. In the West, the skull is traditionally associated with death, over time, with the limness of life. Drawings of the skull existed in ancient times, however, they became more noticeable in the XV century: they appeared in many cemeteries and mass burials related to the plague epidemic. In Sweden, death was depicted in church paintings in the form of a skeleton.

Associations associated with a skull have always been a suitable symbol for those groupings that wanted either to scare people, or emphasize their own contempt for death. The well-known example is the pirates of West Indies of the XVII and XVIII centuries, which used black flags with a skull image, often combining it with other symbols: a sword, sand clock or bones. For the same reasons, the skull with the bones began to use to designate the danger and in other areas. For example, in chemistry and medicine, a skull with bones on a label means that the drug is poisonous and dangerous for life.

The sieves wore metal badges with turtles on headdresses. The same sign was used in the Life-hussar parts of the Prussian Guard in the days of Friedrich the Great, in 1741. In 1809, the Black Corps of Duke Braunschweigsky wore a black shape with a skull without a lower jaw.

Both of these options - skull and bones or skull without the lower jaw - existed in the German army during the First World War. In the elite parts, these symbols meant combat courage and contempt for death. When in June 1916, the sperm regiment of the first guard received the right to wear a white skull on the sleeve, the commander turned to the soldiers with the next speech: "I am convinced that this sign of the difference of a new squad will always be as a sign of contempt for death and martial spirit."

After the war, the German units who refused to recognize the Versailles world, chose a skull with their own symbol. Some of them entered the personal guard of Hitler, which later turned into the SS. In 1934, the SS leadership officially approved that version of the skull, which is still used by neo-Nazis today. The skull was also a symbol of the SS Tank Division "Dead Head". This division was originally recruited from concentration camp warders. A ring with a "dead head", that is, with the skull, was and honorary award, which Himmler handed the distinguished and honored SSEs.

And for the Prussian army, and for the soldiers of the imperial parts of the skull was a symbol of blind loyalty to the commander and the willingness to go for him to death. This value passed to the SS symbol. "We wear a skull on black caps as a warning of the enemy and as a sign of readiness to sacrifice the life for the sake of Fuhrera and his ideals," such a statement belongs to Esvesty Aloisu Rosenvinka.

Since the image of the skull was widely used in various fields, then in our time it turned out to be the least associated with the Nazi ideology symbol. The most famous modern Nazi organization that uses the skull in its symbolism is the British Combat 18.

iron Cross

Initially, the "iron cross" was called the Military Order established by the Prussian King Friedrich Wilhelm III in March 1813. Now it is called both the order and the image of the cross on it.

"Iron Cross" of different degrees handed over to soldiers and officers of four wars. First, in the war of Prussia against Napoleon 1813, then during the Franco-Prussian war of 1870-1871, and then during the First World War. The Order symbolized not only courage and honor, but was closely connected with the German cultural tradition. For example, during the Prussian-Austrian war of 1866, the Iron Cross was not awarded, since she was considered the war of two fraternal peoples.

With the beginning of World War II, Hitler revived the Order. The center of the Cross was added, the colors of the tape are changed to black, red and white. Nevertheless, the tradition has been preserved to indicate the year of issue. Therefore, on the Nazi variants of the Iron Cross, the year 1939 was affixed. During World War II, about 3.5 million "iron crosses" were awarded. In 1957, when the Nazi symbols were forbidden in West Germany, the war veterans were given the opportunity to pass the Order and get back the same, but without a swastika.

Symbols of the Order has a long history. The Christian Cross, which began to be used in ancient Rome in the 4th century BC, initially meant the salvation of mankind through the martyrdom of Christ on the Cross and the Resurrection of Christ. When in the era of crusades in the XII and XIII centuries, Christianity was militarized, the meaning of the symbol expanded and began to cover such advantages of the Crusaders as bravery, loyalty and honor.

One of the many knightly orders arising at that time was a Teutonic Order. In 1190, during the siege of acres in Palestine, merchants from Bremen and Lübend founded a field hospital. Two years later, the Teutonic Order received a formal status from Pope of Roman, who had his symbol: a black cross on a white background, which is called Cross Patté. The cross is an equilateral, the crossbar of it is curved and expand from the center to the ends.

Over time, the Teutonic Order has grown numerically and its significance has increased. During the crusades to the eastern Europe of the XIII and XIV centuries, Teutonic knights won significant territories on the site of modern Poland and Germany. In 1525, the Order was subjected to secularization, and the land belonging to him was part of Prussian Duchy. The black and white cross of the knights existed in Heraldry Prussia until 1871, when his stylized version with straight lines of the crossbar became a symbol of the German military car.

Thus, the Iron Cross, like many other characters that were used in Hitler's Germany, is not a Nazi political symbol, but by the military. Therefore, it is not prohibited in modern Germany, unlike purely fascist characters and is still used in the Bundeswehr army. However, neo-Nazis began to use it during their gathering instead of the forbidden swastika. And instead of the prohibited banner of the third Reich, the military flag of Imperial Germany is used.

The iron cross and among bikers groupings are spread. It is found in popular subcultures, for example, surficists. Iron Cross options are found in logos of various firms.

Wolf Kryuk.

In 1910, the German writer Herman Lens published a historic novel called "Vervolph" ("Werewolf"). The action in the book occurs in the German village during the thirty-year war. We are talking about the struggle of the peasant son of Garma Wolf against legionnaires, which, like insatiable wolves, terrorize the population. The hero of the novel makes the "Wolf Hook" symbol - a cross-shoe crossbar with two sharp hooks at the ends. The novel became unusually popular, especially in nationalist circles, due to the romantic image of the German peasants.

Lonz was killed in France during the First World War. However, its popularity has been preserved in the Third Reich. By order of Hitler in 1935, the remains of the writer were transferred and buried in German land. Roman "Vervolph" has repeatedly reprinted, and this sign has often been depicted on the cover, which was dominated by the state sanctioned by the state.

After the defeat in the First World War and the collapse of the Empire "Wolf Croc" became a symbol of national resistance against the policies of the winners. It was used by different nationalist groups - Jungnational Bundes and Deutschen PfadfinderBundes, and one Volunteer Case even took the name of the Roman "Vervolph".

The WolfSangel sign existed in Germany a lot of hundreds of years. The origin is not quite clear. The Nazis argue that the sign of the pagan, referring to its similarity from the Vidnavannavian manual I, but there is no evidence. The "Wolf Croc" cut out members of the medieval shop of Masonicians, who drove around Europe and built the cathedrals in the XIV century (from these artisans, and then formulated Masons or "free bricklayers"). Later, starting from the XVII century, the sign was in the heraldry of many noble families and urban coat. According to some versions, the shape of the sign resembles an instrument that was used to suspend the wolf carcass after hunting, but probably this theory is based on the name of the symbol. The Wolfsangel Word itself is first mentioned in the heraldic dictionary Wapenkunst 1714, but denotes a completely different symbol.

Different symbol variants were used by young "wolfes" from the Hitlergenda and in the military apparatus. Examples of using this symbol are most well known: the stripes with the "Wolf Hook" wore the second SES Tank Division Das Reich, the eighth Tank Regiment, the Fourth Motorized Infantry Division of the SS, the Netherlands Volunteer Grenadudian SS Division Landstorm Nederland. In Sweden, this symbol in the 30s enjoyed the youth wing of the movement of Lindholm "Youth of the North" (Nordisk Ungdom).

At the end of World War II, the Nazi regime began to create a kind of partisan groups that had to fight the enemy entered into German land. Under the influence of Lyan's novels, these groups also began to call "Vervolph", and in 1945, "Wolf Hook" became a distinctive sign. Some of these groups continued to fight the allied troops and after the surrender of Germany, for which today's neo-Nazis became their mythologization.

"Wolf hook" can be depicted both vertically, with episodes pointing up and down. In this case, the symbol is called donnerkeil - "Lightning".

Symbols of the working class

Before during the "Night of Long Knives", Hitler got rid of the socialist faction of the NSDAP, the party used and the symbolism of the work movement is primarily in the assault detachments of CA. In particular, as in the Italian fascist militants, the decade earlier, in the early 1930s, a revolutionary black banner was encountered in Germany. Sometimes it was completely black, sometimes combined with such symbols as swastika, "Wolf hook" or skull. Currently, black banners are found almost exclusively at anarchists.

Hammer and sword

In the Weimara Republic of the 20s there were political groups who tried to combine socialist ideas with the ideology of Fulkis. This was reflected in attempts to create symbols that combined the elements of these two ideologies. Most often among them were hammer and sword.

The hammer was drawn from the symbolism of the developed working movement by the late XIX - early XX century. Symbols that glorified workers were taken from a set of conventional tools. The most famous steel, naturally, the sickle and hammer, which in 1922 were adopted as the symbols of the newly educated Soviet Union.

The sword traditionally served as a symbol of struggle and power, and in many cultures were also an integral affiliation of various wives gods, for example, God of Mars in Roman mythology. In national socialism, the sword turned into a symbol of the struggle for the purity of the nation or race and existed in a variety of options.

In the symbol of the sword, the idea of \u200b\u200bthe future "unity of the people" was laid, which workers and soldiers were to achieve after the revolution. For several months of 1924, the left radical, and later the Nationalist Zepp Erter published a newspaper called "Hammer and Sword", in the logo of which a symbol was used in the form of two crossed hammers intersecting with a sword.

And in NSDAP Hitler existed left movements - first of all submitted by the Brothers Gregor and Otto with Strasters. The Strasser brothers made books in the Rhine-Rur and Campf publishers. Both firms used hammer and sword as an emblem. The symbol also met in the early stages of the existence of the Hitlergenda, before in 1934, Hitler dealt with all the socialist elements in the Nazi movement.

Gear

Most of the characters used in the third Reich existed hundreds in one form or another, and sometimes thousands of years. But the gear refers to much later symbols. It began to be used only after the industrial revolution of the XVIII and XVIII centuries. The symbol indicated the technique in general, technical progress and mobility. Because of the direct connection with the industrial development of the gear has become a symbol of factory workers.

The first in Hitler's Germany began to use a gear as its symbol Technical department (Technische Nothilfe, Teno, Teno), founded back in 1919. This organization, where the letter t in the form of a hammer and letter N was placed inside the gear, carried out technical support for various law-spectrum groups. Teno was responsible for the operation and protection of such important industries as water supply and gas. Over time, Teno joined the Military Machine of Germany and began to obey Himmler directly.

After the arrival of Hitler to power in 1933, all trade unions were prohibited in the country. Instead of trade unions, workers united in German Labor Front (DAF, DAF). The same gear was elected as a symbol, but with a swastika inside, and the workers were obliged to wear these icons on clothes. Related icons, gear with an eagle, were awarded aviation maintenance workers - "Luftwaffe."

The gear itself is not a Nazi symbol. It is used by the organization of workers of different countries - both the socialist destination and not related to it. Among the movements of skinheads, ascending to the British working motion of the 1960s, it is also a common symbol.

Modern neo-Nazists use a gear when they want to emphasize their working origin and oppose themselves "cuffs", that is, cleaning the employees. In order for them not to be confused with the left, neo-Nazis combine the gear with purely fascist, right-minded symbols.

A striking example is the international organization of Hammerskins Skinheads (Hammerskins). In the center of the gear, they put the numbers 88 or 14, which are used exclusively in the circles of the Nazis.

Symbols of ancient germansev

Many symbols of the Nazis were borrowed from the occult neo-language course, which existed in the form of anti-Semitic sects before the formation of Nazi parties in Germany and Austria. In addition to the swastika, this symbolism included signs from the pre-Christian era of the history of the ancient Germanians, such as "irminsule" and "hammer of God Torah."

Irminsul

In the pre-Christian era, many pagans in the center of the village stood a tree or a pillar, around which religious rites were performed. In the ancient Germans such a pillar was called "Irminsul". This word consists of the name of the ancient German god Irmin and the words "Sul", denoting a pillar. In the north of Europe, the name Jörmun, consonant "Irmin", was one of the names of God Odin, and many scientists suggest that the German "Irminsul" is associated with the Turkish of the world of Igdrasil in the Vidnavannavian mythology.

In 772, Christian Karl The Great Snooked with the Earth, the cult center of the pagans in the Holy Grove Externaline on the territory of modern Saxony. In the 20s of the 20th century, with the submission of German Wilhelma Toydta, there was a theory that the most important irmins of the ancient Germans was there. As evidence, a relief was dealt with the monks of the XII century. The relief shows the irminsul, bent under the image of Saint Nikodemom and the Cross - a symbol of the victory of Christianity over the paganism.

In 1928, Toydt founded the Society for the study of ancient german history, whose symbol was "straightened" irminsul from the relief in externalines. After the arrival of the Nazis to power in 1933, the Company fell into the sphere of the interests of Himmler, and in 1940 he became part of a German society to study the ancient German history and heritage of ancestors (Anecherbe).

Aneterbe, created by Himmler in 1935, was engaged in studying the history of the German tribes, but the results of studies that did not fit into the national-socialist doctrine of the purity of the race could not be published. An irminsul became the symbol of Anecherbe, and many employees of the institute wore small decorations of silver, reproduced a relief image. This sign is still used by neo-Nazis and neo-language.

Runes

The Nazis considered the Third Reich by the direct successor of the ancient German culture, and it was important to prove the right to be called the heirs of the Aryans. In pursuit of evidence, their attention attracted runes.

Runes are signs of letters of the pre-Christian era of the peoples who inhabited the north of Europe. Just as the letters of the Latin alphabet correspond to the sounds, each rune sign corresponded to a certain sound. Runic letters of different options are preserved, carved on the stones at different times and different regions. It is assumed that each rune, like each letter of the alphabet, had its name. However, everything that we know about runic letters is mined not from the original sources, but from later medieval records and even later gothic font, so it is not known whether this information is true.

One of the problems for Nazi research of Rounic signs was that in German itself there are not too many such stones. Studies were mainly based on the study of stones with Rounic inscriptions found in the European North, most often in Scandinavia. Scientists who were supported by the Nazis found output: they argued that the widespread graded buildings in Germany with their wooden racks and disclosures, giving the building a decorative and expressive appearance, repeat the way of writing runes. It was understood that the "architectural and construction method" the people allegedly maintained the secret of the runic inscriptions. Such a trick led to the detection of a huge amount of "runes" on the territory of Germany, the meaning of which could be interpreted with the most fantastic way. However, beams or logs in half-timbered structures, of course, cannot be "read" as text. Nazis decided this problem. Without any reason, it was announced that each individual rune had a certain hidden meaning in ancient times, "image", read and understand which could only be dedicated.

Serious researchers who explored the runes only as writing lost subsidies, since they became "renegades", apostates from the Nazi ideology. At the same time, the quasi-thorough, which adhered to authorized on top of the theory, received significant funds at their disposal. As a result, almost all research It was aimed in search of evidence of a Nazi view of history and, in particular, in search of the ritual meaning of Rounic signs. In 1942, the runes became official festive symbols of the Third Reich.

Guido background sheet

The main representative of these ideas was Austrian Gwido background leaf. Supporter of the Occultistism, he devoted half a difference to the revival of the "Aryan-German" past and was at the beginning of the 20th century by the central figure in the environment of anti-Semitic societies and associations involved in astrology, theosophy and other occult activities.

The background sheet was engaged in the fact that in the occult circles was called a "medium letter": with the help of meditation, the scraps of the ancient Germanist was "saw" in this state. Coming out of the trance, he recorded his "visions." The background sheet claimed that faith of the German tribes was a certain mystical "natural religion" - wovenism, which served as a special caste of priests, "Armanov". In his opinion, these priests enjoyed runic signs as magical symbols.

Further, the "medium" described the Christianization of Northern Europe and the expulsion of the Armanov, forced to hide their faith. However, their knowledge did not disappear, and the secrets of the ruins were maintained by the German people. With the help of its "supernatural" abilities, the background sheet could find and "read" these hidden symbols everywhere: from the names of German settlements, coat of arms, gothic architecture and even names of different types of baking.

After an ophthalmic surgery in 1902, the background sheet for eleven months did not see anything. It was at that time that he was visited by the strongest visions, and he created his own "alphabet" or a ruffic row of 18 characters. In this series, which did not have anything with scientifically adopted, runes from different times and locations were included. But, despite his anticature, he strongly influenced the perception of the rune signs not only by the Germans in general, but also the Nazi "scientists" engaged in the study of Runes in Anecherba.

The magical meaning that the background leaf attributed to Runic writs is used by the Nazis from the time of the Third Reich to today's days.

Runa Life

"Runa of Life" is the Nazi name of the fifteenth in the Old Tartannowan row and the fourteenth run of the Runic Sign Wiking. In the ancient Scandinavians the sign was called "Mannar" and denoted a man or man.

For the Nazis, he indicated life and was always used when it was about the health, family life or the birth of children. Therefore, the "Runa of Life" became the emblem of the female branch of NSDAP and other female associations. In combination with the cross, inscribed in the circle, and the eagle this sign was the emblem of the Union of German families, and, together with the letter A, a symbol of pharmacies. This rune replaced the Christian star in newspaper ads about the birth of children and near the date of birth on the tombstones.

"Runa Life" was widely used on the stripes, which were awarded for merits in a wide variety of organizations. For example, the health girls wore this emblem in the form of oval stripes with a red rune on a white background. The same sign was issued by the members of Hitlergenda, medical training. All doctors first enjoyed the international symbol of healing: snake and bowl. However, in the desire of the Nazis to reform society until the smallest details in 1938 and this sign was replaced. "Rune of Life", but on a black background, could also receive SS.

Rune death

This Runic Sign, Sixteenth Viking Runes, became known among the Nazis as a "Rune of Death". The symbol was used to glorify the killed ESSites. He replaced the Christian cross in newspaper neccratogs and declarations of death. It began to portray it on grave plates instead of the cross. They put it on the places of mass burial at the fronts of the Second World War.

This sign was used by Swedish right extremists in the 30s - 40s. For example, the "Rune of Death" is printed in the announcement of the death of some Hans Linden, who fought on the side of the Nazis and was killed on the Eastern Front in 1942.

Modern neo-Nazis, naturally, follow the traditions of Hitler's Germany. In 1994, a necrologist was published in the Swedish newspaper under the name "Freedom Torch" under this rune, a necrologist was published on the death of the fascist of the pen. A year later in the Walchull and Future newspaper, which was produced by the Western School of Nazis Gothenburg, a necromologist was published under this symbol, which was an active member of the Swedish fascist party of Lindholm in the 1930s. Nazi organization of the XXI century "Salema Foundation" and now sells stripes in Stockholm with images of "Runes of Life", "Runes of Death" and Torch.

Runa Khagal

Rune, meaning the sound "x" ("H"), in the ancient Runa row and in a newer Scandinavian looked differently. Nazis used both signs. "Hagal" is the old form of the Swedish "Chaghel", which means "hail."

Runa "Halhag" was a popular symbol of Fulkish movement. Guido background leaf invested in this sign a deep symbolic meaning - the connection of a person with the eternal laws of nature. In his opinion, the sign called for a man "to arrange the universe to master them." This value was borrowed by the Third Reich, where the Hagal rune personified the absolute faith in the Nazi ideology. In addition, an anti-Semitic magazine called "Halhag" was published.

The rune was used by the Hohenshtufen Single Tank Division on Flags and Icons. In the Scandinavian form, the rune was depicted on high award - Estatory Persdnet, and also accompanied the weddings of the SS.

In our time, the rune was used by the Swedish party "Hembugd", the law and the "People's Socialists" a small Nazi grouping "People's Socialists".

Rune Odal

Runa Odale is the last, 24th rune of the Old Runes of the Runic Signs. Its sound corresponds to the pronunciation of the Latin letter Oh, and the form dates back to the letter "Omega" of the Greek alphabet. The name is derived from the name of the corresponding sign in the Gothic alphabet, which resembles the Valvesan Donate "Property, Earth". This is one of the most common signs in the Nazi symbolism.

The nationalistic romanticism of the XIX century idealized a simple and close to nature of the peasants, making focus on love for his native village and the Motherland as a whole. The Nazis continued this romantic line, and the Rune of Odal was of particular importance in their ideology of "blood and soil".

The Nazis believed that between the people and the land, where he lives, there is a certain mystical connection. This thought was formulated and developed in two books written by a member of the SS Walter Darre.

After the arrival of the Nazis to power in 1933, Darre was appointed Minister of Agriculture. Two years earlier, he headed subwinding SS, who in 1935 turned into the State Central Office on Race and Resettlement Rasse- und Siedlungshauptamt (Rusha), whose task was practical use The main idea of \u200b\u200bNazism about racial purity. In particular, in this institution, they were checked for the purity of the race of the members of the SS and their future wives, they were determined here which children in the occupied territories are enough "Aryan" to kidnap them and take to Germany, they decided here who from the "Nariants" should be killed after Sexual communication with German or German. The symbol of this department was the rune of the Odale.

Odale was worn on the collars of soldiers of the SS volunteer mountain division, where as volunteers recruited, and they took the power of the "ethnic Germans" from the Balkan Peninsula and from Romania. During World War II, this division acted in Croatia.

Rune Sieg

Runa Zig Nazis considered the sign of strength and victory. The ancient Germann name Rune was SOWLIO, which means the "sun". The Anglo-Sigel Name of the Rune Sigel also means the "sun", but Guido background leaf mistakenly associated this word with the German word "victory" - Zig (SIEG). From this error, the value of the rune arose, which still exists among neo-Nazis.

Zig-Rune, as it is called is one of the most famous signs in the symbolism of Nazism. First of all, because this doubled sign was worn on the collars of the SS. In 1933, the first such stripes developed in the early 1930s by the Espersian Walter Hekcom, the Ferdinand Hoffstatters textile factory sold the parts of the SS at a price of 2.50 Reichsmarocks apiece. The honor to wear a double "zig-rune" on the collars of the uniform was the first to be awarded part of the personal guard of Adolf Hitler.

They wore a dual "zig-rune" in combination with the image of the key and in the Tank Division of the SS "Hitlergend", who recruited the youth from the Organization of the same name. The single Zig Runa was the Yungfolk organization emblem (Jungfolk), which manifested the basics of the Nazi ideology of children from 10 to 14 years.

Rune Tir

Rune Tir is another sign that was borrowed by the Nazis from the Doharistian era. A rune is pronounced as the letter T and indicates the name of God Tira.

The God of Tir was treated traditionally as the God of War, therefore, the rune symbolized the struggle, battle and win. The graduates of the officer school wore an armband with the image of this sign on his left hand. The symbol was also used by the Volunteer Tank Grenadier Division "January 30".

A special cult around this rune was created in the Hitlergende, where all activities were aimed at individual and group rivalry. Rune Tir reflected this spirit - and the meetings of the members of the Hitlergenda decorated the runes of a tire of colossal sizes. In 1937, the so-called "Adolf Hitler's Schools" were created, where the most capable students were preparing for important positions in the administration of the Third Reich. Pupils of these schools wore dual "Runa Tira" as the emblem.

In Sweden, the 1930s, this symbol was used by the "Youth of the North", a division of the Swedish Nazi NSAP (NSAP).

In 1933, a decree was issued on March 12: at the same time raise two flags - black - white - red and flag with a swastika depicted. It was a symbol of the connection of the "glorious past Germany with the revival of the German nation." Together they had to represent the power and a close relationship between each representative of the German Earth. Moreover, on military buildings, it was necessary to post exclusively state military stab.

Flag of the Third Reich: a little story

Adolf Hitler himself developed and embodied the design banner. According to his idea, the national cloth is a formidative personification of the ideals of socialism (underlined by scarlet color), ideals of nationalism (in white) and the mission of opposition for the purity of the nation of the Aryans assigned to the cross inside. This is the incarnation of the Motherland, because the division, which lost its stale, has no right to exist.

S. V. Zubkov said that the banners since ancient times performed the function of the overag. Estimation of the centuries, their history, information about traditions, revered by the gods was transferred to the flags of all nations. Ancient Russia). Their destination was indeed in the spontaneity - some magical impact, protection. For example, even in modern times on the flags of some countries - England, Switzerland, Scotland - are the crosses, as the symbols of patrons related to the facility of the saints.

Historical Fact: The Flag of the Third Reich is simply taken from the consignment of the National Party of the Socialist German Party (NSDAP) created by Adolf. It is identical to party symbols, and in its appearance you can select the Tula community, providing advice to heraldists.

Symbols of web

So, the third Reich Stand. Scarlet color, light circle and traditionally, black swastika.
The background of the canvas is brightly scarlet. According to the traditions of Hitler's Germany, it is fire and blood, which attached great importance, as well as the power of social idea.

According to great thoughts and arguments of Adolf Hitler, only through blood purification could be recreation of Aryan Society from the ash. This is the continuation of the theory of "blood and soil", which the national symbolism strengthened, creating a unified concept.

White color - holiness, cleanliness, election symbol and light, national idea. Geometric figure - Circle, not desirable chosen by Hitler. This location of all elements on the canvas means the empire, a monarchy. Direct proof of this - Japan before the war. This is a symbol of dedication, magic unit, protection.

And finally, the central item is a swastika - a creative black symbol, a central sign of the revival of the Aryans. No wonder the Führer was engaged in developing himself - a similar banner could be joined only the Holy Convinced, who believes in the disadvantage of mystical defense, a man.

Political background

You can draw a parallel with another powerful power - Soviet Union. The flag was also red, and three colors - white, black and red - widely used for posters of Bolsheviks. Political scientists said that it was not for nothing - the revolutionary movements were drowned by Russia in the blood. What is similar? Hitler's revolutionary NSDAP party thought as an opposition. The color decision of the German flag also appeared for no accident - this is the "bloody" shades with the "bloody" subtext. Let's remember the work of the block, "12". This is a revolutionary poem, which also had a thread of three aforementioned colors.

Hitler attached great importance to all mystical basics of formation of his standard: the latter was carefully tested by the Special Organization "Anenerbe". What is meant? Representatives of the Organization conducted studies, during their lack of dangerous energy, which could prevent the leader to clean the blood and revive the race. At the end of the check, the flag under the cover of the night was taken to the burial place of Kaiserling (Führer considered himself by his embodiment) and was consecrated according to Teutonic custom.

During World War II, the division of the SS troops was considered selected compounds of the Armed Forces of the Third Reich.

Almost all of these divisions had their own emblems (tactical, or identification, signs), not carried by the data of the data of divisions as twisted stripes (rare exceptions did not change the overall picture), and those who were applied by white or black oil paint to the divisional military equipment and vehicles, The buildings in which the ranks of the respective divisions were housed, corresponding to pointers in the locations of parts, etc. These identification (tactical) signs (emblems) of the SS divisions are almost always inscribed in heraldic shields (the "Varangian", or "Norman", form or form of Tarcha) - in many cases differed from petrolery marks of the relevant divisions.

1. 1st Tank Division SS "Labish Standard SS Adolf Hitler".

The name of the division means "SESSION RICE OF PERSONAL PROTECTION OF ADOL'F HITLER". The emblem (tactical, or identification, a sign) of the division served the shield-tarch with the image of the knee (and not the key, as often incorrectly written and think). The choice of such an unusual emblem is explained very simple. The surname of the commander of the Division of Josef ("Zeppe") Dietrich was "talking" (or, expressing heraldic language, "vowel"). In German "Dietrich" means "lock". After awarding the "zep" Dietrich with oak leaves to the Knight's Cross of the Iron Cross, the division emblem began to be framed by 2 oak leaves or a semicircular oak wreath.

2. 2nd SS Tank Division "Das Reich".

The name of the division is "Reich" ("Das Reich") translated into Russian means "empire", "Power". The division emblem was inscribed in the Shield-Tarch "Wolfsangel" ("Wolf Krop") - an ancient German sign-chaff, who frightened wolves and iswolves (in German: "Vervolphs", in Greek: "Libanopov", Icelandic: " Ulfhatedinov ", in Norwegian:" Varulvov "or" Vargo ", in Slavyansky:" Vurdalakov "," Volkolakov "," Volkudlakov "or" Volkodlakov "), located horizontally.

3. 3rd Tank Division SS "Dead Head" ("Totenkopf").

The division received its name from the emblem of the SS - "dead (adamova) head" (skulls with bones) - the symbol of loyalty to the leader to death. The same emblem, inscribed in the Shield-Tarch, served and identifying the division sign.

4. 4th MOT-Motor Division SS "Police" ("Police"), she "(4th) Police Division SS."

This division received such a name because it was formed from the ranks of the German police. The emblem of the division served "Wolf Hook" - "Wolfsangel" in a vertical position, inscribed in the heraldic shield-tarch.

5. 5th Tank Division SS "Viking".

The name of this division is explained by the fact that it, along with the Germans, was recruited from residents of Northern Europe (Norway, Denmark, Finland, Sweden), as well as Belgium, the Netherlands, Latvia and Estonia. In addition, Swiss, Russians, Ukrainian and Spanish volunteers served in the ranks of the Viking Division. The emblem of the division served as a "Kosovo Cross" ("Sunny Wheel"), that is, a swastika with arod-shaped curved crossbars, on a heraldic shield-tarche.

6. 6th Mountain (Mornetlkova) SS Division "Nord" ("North").

The name of this division is explained by the fact that it was recruited mainly from natives of Northern Europe countries (Denmark, Sweden, Norway, Finland, Estonia and Latvia). The emblem of the Division was inscribed in the heraldic shield-tarch of the ancient German rune "Hagal" (reminding the Russian letter "F"). Runa "Hagal" ("Hagalaz") was considered a symbol of unshakable faith.

7. 7th Volunteer Mountain (Mainstrelkova) SS Division "Prince Eugene (Oumen)".

This division recruited mainly from the ethnic Germans living in Serbia, Croatia, Bosnia, Herzegovina, Voivodina, Banat and Romania, was named after the famous commander of the "Holy Roman Empire of the German Nation" of the second half of the XVIII century. Prince Eugene (in German: Oumen) of Savoy, famous for his victories over Omman Turks and, in particular, which won for the Roman-German emperor Belgrade (1717). Evgeny Savoysky also became famous in the war for the Spanish legacy with his victories over the French and discouraged himself no less than the patron of arts. The emblem of the division was inscribed in the heraldic shield-tarch of the ancient German rune "Odel" ("Oletia"), meaning "heritage" and "blood relationship".

8. The 8th Cavalry Division of the SS "Florian Geyer".

This division was named after the imperial knight Florian Geyer, who headed during the peasant war in Germany (1524-1526), \u200b\u200bone of the detachments of German peasants ("Black Detachment", in German: "Schwarzer Gaufen") who rebelted against the princes (large feudalles , opposed to the union of Germany under the emperor scepter). Since Florian Heier wore a black armor and his "black detachment" fought under a black banner, the Schedule considered him as their predecessor (especially since he spoke not only against the princes, but also for the union of the German power). Florian Geyer (immortalized in the Classical Classic of German Literature of the Hergart Haoupman) heroically died in battle with the superior forces of German princes in 1525 in the Taubertal Valley. His image entered the German folklore (especially a song), using no less popular than, say, Stepan Razin is in Russian song folklore. The division emblem was inscribed in the heraldic shield-tarch of a naked sword with the edge up, crossing the shield on the right left diagonally, and the horse head.

9. 9th Tank Division of the SS "GOYENTSTAFEN".

This division was named after the dynasty of the Swabian dukes (from 1079) and medieval Roman-German emperors-Kaiserov (1138-1254) - Gagenstaofen (Staufen). With them, the medieval German Power ("Sacred Roman Empire of the German Nation"), founded by Karl the Great (in 800 p. R.Kh.) and updated OTTO (NOM) I, reached the peak of his power, subordinating to Italy, Sicily, Holy Earth and Poland. Gogenstaofeni tried, relying on a highly developed economic relation to Northern Italy as a base, centralizing their power over Germany and restore the Roman Empire - "at a minimum" - Western (within the borders of the Karl Great Empire), ideally - the whole Roman Empire, including Eastern Roman (Byzantine), in which, however, did not succeed. The most famous representatives of the Gaenstaufen Dynasty are Kaisers-Crusaders of Friedrich I Barbarossa (who died during the Third Crusade) and his grand-nephew Friedrich II (Emperor Roman, King German, Sicilian and Jerusalem), as well as Conradient, who was defeated in the fight against the Roman dad and Duke Karl Anzhuy for Italy and befended by the French in 1268. The emblem of the division served as inscribed in the heraldic shield-tarch located vertically naked sword with the edge upwards, imposed on the title Latin Lateur "H" ("Nohenstaufen").

10. 10th Pan Division SS "Frundsberg".

This division of the SS was named after the German commander of the Renaissance of George (Jorga) von Frundsberg, nicknamed "Father of Landsknecht" (1473-1528), under the command of which the Emperor's troops of the Holy Roman Empire of the German Nation and King of Spain Karl I Habsburg conquered Italy and in 1514 The year they took Rome, forcing the Roman dad to recognize the primacy of the empire. They say that the ferocious Georg Frundsberg always drove a golden loop with him, whom he intended to remove the Pope of Roman, if he alive will fall into his hands. In the ranks of the SS Division "Frundsberg" served in his youth by the famous German writer, the laureate of the Nobel Prize Gunter Grass. The emblem of this division of the SS was inscribed in the heraldic shield-tarch of the capital gothic letter "F" ("Frundsberg"), imposed on the oak leaflet, located on the right left diagonally.

11. 11th Motorway Division of the SS Nordland ("Northern Country").

The name of the division is explained by the fact that it was recruited mainly from natives-natives of North European countries (Denmark, Norway. Sweden, Iceland, Finland, Latvia and Estonia). The emblem of this SS division served as a heraldic shield-tarch with the image of a "sunny wheel", inscribed in the circle.

12. 12th Tank Division SS "Hitlergend

This division was recruited mainly from the rows of the Youth Organization of the Third Reich "Hitlergende" ("Hitler's youth"). The tactical sign of this "youth" division of the SS was inscribed in the heraldic shield-tarch of the ancient German "Solar" Run "Sig" ("Sovoolet", "Soviet") - a symbol of the victory and emblem of Hitler's Youth Organizations "Jungfolk" and "Hitlergend", from among The members of which were recruited volunteers of the division, imposed on the launder ("Equality on the Dietrich").

13. 13th Mountain (Mainstrelkova) Division Waffen SS "Handjar"

(Often-referred to in military literature also "Handshar" or Yatagan), consisting of Croatian, Bosnian and Hercegovinsky Muslims (Bosnikov). "Handjar" is a traditional Muslim cold weapon with a curved blade (related Russian "Konchar" and "Dagger", also meaning bladed cold weapons). The emblem of the division was inscribed in the heraldic shield-tarch of the sword-Handjar curve, directed from left to right up diagonally. According to the preserved data, the division also had a different identification mark, which represented an image of a hand with a Handjar imposed on the dual "Singa" rune "Sig" ("Sovoul").

14. The 14th Grenadier (Infantry) Division of Waffen SS (Galicia No. 1, from 1945 - Ukrainian №1); She is the SS Division "Galica".

The emblem of the division was the ancient coat of arms of the city of Lviv, the capital of Galicia - the Lion marking on the hind legs, surrounded by 3 three-time crowns, inscribed in the "Varyazh" ("Normansky") shield.

15. 15th Grenadier (Infantry) Division Waffen SS (Latvian No. 1).

The emblem of the division initially served "Varyazhsky" ("Normansky") a heraldic shield with the image of the Roman figure "I" above the stylized printed capital Latin Latin Little (Latvia). Subsequently, the division appeared another tactical sign - 3 stars against the background of the rising sun. 3 stars Meaning 3 Latvian provinces - Vidzeme, Kurzeme and Latgaley (similar image decorated with cocardium of servicemen of the pre-war army of the Republic of Latvia).

16. 16th Motor SS Motion Education Division "Reichsführer SS".

This SS division was named after Reichsführer SS Henry Himmler. The division emblem was inscribed in a heraldic panel of a beam of 3 oak leaves with 2 aches of a stalk in the frame of a laurel wreath, inscribed in the shield-tarch.

17. 17th Motorized SS Division "Gottz von Berlikhingen".

This SS division was named after the hero of the peasant war in Germany (1524-1526), \u200b\u200bthe Imperial Knight of George (Gotets, Getz) von Berlikhingen (1480-1562), a fighter with separatism of German princes for the unity of Germany, the leader of the detachment of the rebels of the peasants and the hero of the drama Johanna Wolfgang von Goethe "Gottz von Berlikhingen with an iron hand" (Knight Gotz, who lost his hand in one of the battles, ordered to make an iron prosthesis, which was not worse than anything - hand from flesh and blood). The emblem of the division served in a fist of the gland hand of the Gather Background Berlikhingen (crossing the shield-tarch on the right left and from the bottom up diagonally).

18. 18th Volunteer Motor Motion Division SS "Horst Vessel".

This division was named after one of the "Martyrs of the Hitler's Movement" - the commander of the Berlin attack aircraft Horst Vessel, who wring the song "Banner Sweep"! (Announced anthem NSDAP and the "second anthem" of the Third Reich) and killed by communist militants. The emblem of the division served as a naked sword with the edge up, crossing the shield-tarch to the right left diagonally. According to the preserved data from the division "Horst Vessel" had another emblem, which was stylized Latin Latin letters (SA \u003d Sturmabteilungen, i.e. "assault detachments"; "Martyr motion" Horst Vessel, in honor of which received its name Division was one of the leaders of the Berlin attack aircraft), inscribed in the circle.

19. 19th Grenadier (Infantry) Division Waffen SS (Latvian No. 2).

The emblem of the division at the time of the formation was the "Varyazhsky" ("Normansky") heraldic shield with the image of the Roman figure "II" over the stylized printalist Latin Latin Literary (Latvia). Subsequently, the Division has another tactical sign - a reprehensive right-hand swastika on the "Varangian" shield. Swastika - "Fiery Cross" ("Ugunskrust") or "Cross (Bog-Rube) Percona" ("Perconkrust") of the ages of centuries was a traditional element of the Latvian folk ornament.

20. 20th Grenadier (Infantry) Division Waffen SS (Estonian No. 1).

The emblem of the division was the "Varangian" ("Normansky") heraldic shield with an image of a direct nude sword with the edge of the crossing of the shield on the right side diagonally and imposed on the capital Latin Latin "E" ("E", that is, "Estonia"). According to some information, this emblem was sometimes portrayed on the helm of volunteers of Estonian SS.

21. 21st Mountain (MorneyTelkova) Division Waffen SS "Skandardbeg" (Albanian No. 1).

This Division recruited mainly from Albanians was named after the National Hero of the Albanian People of Prince Georgia Alexander Kastrith (called Iskander-Running Turks or, Abbreviated, "Scanderbeg"). While Skandardebeg (1403-1468) was alive, the Turks-Osmanas, who were repeatedly endured from him defeats, could not submit their power to Albania. The emblem of the division was inscribed in the heraldic shield-tarch of the ancient coat of arms of Albania - a two-headed eagle (the ancient Albanian rules claimed to relatives with Vasilemi-emperors of Byzantium). According to the preserved information, the division also had another tactical sign - a stylized image of the Skanderbeg helmet with goat horns, imposed on 2 horizontal strips.

22. 22nd Volunteer Cavalry Division SS "Maria Teresia".

This division, which recruited mainly from the ethnic Germans living in Hungary, and from Hungarians, was named after the Empress of the "Holy Roman Empire of the German Nation" and Austria, Queen Bohemia (Czech Republic) and Hungary Mary Teresia von Gabsburg (1717-1780), One of the most prominent government officials of the second half of the XVIII century. The emblem of the division was the image of the Vasilka's 8 petals in heraldic shield-tarch, 2 leaves and 1 bouton - (the subjects of the Austro-Hungarian Danube monarchy, who desired joins to the German Empire, were wore in the pettice of Vasilek - Favorite Flower of the German Emperor Wilhelm II Hohenzollerne).

23. 23rd Volunteer Motorway Division Waffen SS "Kama" (Croatian No. 2)

consisting of Croatian, Bosnian and Hercegovinsky Muslims. "Kama" is the name of the traditional for Balkan Muslims of cold weapons with a curved blade (something like Yatgan). The tactical sign of the division was the stylized image of the astronomical sign of the Sun in the crown of rays on the heraldic shield-tarche. The information has been preserved and about another tactical sign of the division, which presented the Rune "Tyur" with 2 swelling processes, perpendicular to the Runes trunk, in its lower part.

24. 23rd Volunteer Motor Motor Division Waffen MOP "Netherlands"

(Netherlands No. 1).

The name of this division is explained by the fact that its personal composition was recruited mainly from the Netherlands (Dutch) volunteers Waffen SS. The emblem of the division served the rune "Odel" ("Oletia") with the lower ends in the form of arrows, inscribed in the heraldic shield-tarch.

25. 24th Mountain (Mornetlkova) Division Waffen SS "Karsta Hengery" ("Hengery Karsta", "Carsegere").

The name of this division is explained by the fact that it was recruited mainly from the natives of the Mountain Area Karst, located on the border between Italy and Yugoslavia. The division emblem was a stylized image of a "karst flower" ("Carstbloum"), inscribed in the heraldic shield of the "Varangian" ("Norman") forms.

26. 25th Grenadier (infantry) Division Waffen SS "Hunyadi"

(Hungarian №1).

This division, which recruited mainly from the Hungarians, was named after the Medieval Transylvanian-Hungarian Hongyadi Dynasty, the most prominent representatives of which were Janos Hunyadi (Johannes Gunades, Giovanni Waivoda, 1385-1456) and his son King Matvey Korvin (Matyash Hunyadi, 1443- 1490), heroically fought for the freedom of Hungary against Turok Ommans. The emblem of the division was the "Varyazhsky" ("Normansky") heraldic shield with the image of the "sweat cross" - the symbol of the Vienna National Socialist Party "Crossed Arrows" ("Nigerlashi") Ferenz Salashi - under 2 three-time crowns.

27. 26th Grenadier (Infantry) Division Waffen SS "Gombösh" (Hungarian No. 2).

28. 27th Volunteer Grenadier (Infantry) SS Division "Langemeark" (Flemish No. 1).

29. 28th SS Tank Division. Information about the tactical sign of the division has not been preserved.

30. 28th Volunteer Grenadier (Infantry) SS Division "Vallonia".

31. 29th Grenadier Infantry Division Waffen SS Rona (Russian No. 1).

This division - "Russian liberation People's Army."Consisted from Russian volunteers B.V. Kaminsky. The tactical sign of the division, which was applied to its technique, judging by the preserved photographs, was a ruined cross with the abbreviation" Ron "under it.

32. 29th Grenadier (infantry) Division Waffen SS "Italy" (Italian №1).

33. The 30th Grenadier (Infantry) Division Waffen SS (Russian No. 2, it is Belarusian No. 1).

It should be noted that the double ("patriarch") cross, located vertically, served as a tactical sign of the 79th infantry, and located on the diagonal - the emblem of the 2nd Motorway Division of the German Wehrmacht.

34. The 31st Volunteer Grenadier Division of the SS (it is the 23rd Volunteer Morning Division Waffen SS).

The emblem of the division served the head of the Fear of Alfas on the "Varangian" ("Norman") heraldic shield.

35. 31st Volunteer Grenadier (Infantry) Division of the SS "Bohemia and Moravia" (Him.: "Beeman Und Maren").

36. 32nd Volunteer Grenadier (Infantry) SS Division "January 30".

37. 33rd Cavalry Division Waffen SS "Hungaria", or "Hungary" (Hungarian No. 3).

38. 33rd Grenadier (Infantry) Division Waffen SS "Charleman" (French No. 1).

39. 34th Volunteer Grenadier (Infantry) SS Division "Landstor Nonerland" (Netherlands No. 2).

40. The 36th Police Grenadier (Infantry) Division of the SS ("Police Division II")

41. The 36th Grenadier Division Waffen SS "Dirlelevger".

In addition, in recent months of war, the formation of the following new divisions of the SS, mentioned in the orders of the Imperial Head (Reichsfürera) of the SS Henry Himmler:

42. 35th Grenadier (Infantry) SS Division "Police" ("Police"), it is the 35th police grenaderian (infantry) SS Division. Information about the tactful sign (emblem) of the division is not preserved.

43. 36th Grenadier (Infantry) Division Waffen SS. Information about the emblem of the division is not preserved.

44. 37th Volunteer Cavalry Division of the SS "Luttsy".

45. 38th Grenadier (Infantry) Division of the SS "Nibelungi" ("Nibelungen").

46. \u200b\u200b39th mountain (minorthing) Division SS "Andreas Goffer".

47. 40th Volunteer Motor Motor Division SS "Feldgerringalle" (not to be confused with the same name division of the German Wehrmacht).

48. 41th Infantry Division Waffen SS "Kalevala" (Finnish No. 1).

49. 42nd SS Infantry Division "Lower Saxony" ("Netherzaxen").

50. 43th Infantry Division Waffen SS "Reichs Marshal".

51. 44th Motorway Division Waffen SS "VALENStein".

52. 45th SS Infantry Division "Varyagi" ("Warger").

It should be noted that in their antipathies to the Byzantines, Hitler was not alone. Most western Europeans Completely divided this antipathy to "Romanes" (still since the era of crusades), and it is not by chance that there is even a special concept of "Byzantinism" (in meaning: "cunning", "cynicism", "meanness", "Presbyment before strong And ruthlessness to the weak, "" treachery "... in general," False Be Bo Bay and until this day, "as the famous Russian chronicler wrote). As a result, the German-Scandinavian division formed as part of Waffen SS (the Dutch, Wallons, Flemis, Finns, Latvians, Estonians, Ukrainians and Russians were subsequently included in the composition of which the Dutch, Wiking. Along with this, on the basis of Russian white-emigrant and former citizens of the USSR, the formation of another SS division called "Varler" ("Varyagi") was started in the Balkans; However, due to the circumstances, it was limited to the formation of the "Russian (security) corps (Russian security group)" and a separate Russian regiment of the SS "Varyag" in the Balkans.

During the Second World War in Serbia in 1941-1944. In the Union with the Germans, the Serbian Voluntary Corps of the SS also acted, consisting of the former military personnel of the Yugoslav Royal Army (mainly Serbian origin), most of which were members of the Serbian monarchist-fascist movement "Z.O.R.", headed by Dmitry Lötich. The tactical sign of the housing was the shield-tarch and the image of the grain spoke, imposed on the naked sword with the edge of the down, located diagonally.