Social science 

Ground troops Bulgaria. Armed Forces of the Warsaw Treaty

After the end of the war, the first Soviet tanks T-34 were delivered to the Bulgarian army. In early 1946, in the first tank brigade, it was in service with 49 CV 33/35, PZKPFW 35 (T), PZKPFW 38 (T), R-35; 57 PZ.IV G, H, J; 15 Jagdpanzer IV, five Stug 40.

German tank pz.kpfw. V ausf. G "Panther" in the Bulgarian troops (as he found himself at Bulgarians, I do not know). On the soldiers, the characteristic Bulgarian Bustines of the Italian sample, and the officer (standing under the gun, occupying) - no less characteristic Bulgarian cap. This snapshot can be dated even 1945-1946 (it all depends on how much time after the end of the war, the Bulgarian in service was maintained by German technique). In the late 1940s, the Bulgarian army (like the army of other countries of the socialist) changed in the form of the Soviet model.

Immediately after the end of the war, a fully worn italian fans of CV 33/35 and French lights Renault R35 tanks were written off, Czechoslovak LT VZ.35 / T-11 and LT VZ.38 lasted until the beginning of the 50s, so the last order for spare parts for They received Škoda in 1948.

By 1950, only 11 pz.iv tanks remained in the 1st Tank Brigade, and the main part consisted of 65 T-34, obtained in 1945. Then 75 german tanks And the assault tools were used as a bot in the Bulgarian-Turkish border.

Almost forgotten about the tanks buried to the ground, when in December 2007, the Bulgarian police arrested thieves, who stole a rare model of the tank and tried to take it to Germany.

In total, Bulgarians managed to restore 55 units of German technology, which they put on auction in May 2008. The price of each tank was several million euros, and wishes to remain an unknown collector from Russia offered to buy a German Tank Panzer IV for $ 3.2 million.

The total amount of T-34-85 in the Bulgarian army is estimated at 398 units, apparently, taking into account 120 tanks built in Czech Republic and transmitted in 1952-1954. After the start of supply T-55 tanks, the morally obsolete "thirty parts" partially uncompletely. The towers from them, like the tower of German tanks Pz.III and PZ.IV, were used in the construction of fortification facilities in the Bulgarian-Turkish border. It is indicated that during the crisis in the Cyprus of 1974 such tower plants, on the second line of defense, it was delivered about 100-170 pieces.

In total in 1946-1947. USSR handed over Bulgaria 398 tanks, 726 guns and mortars, 31 aircraft, 2 torpedo boats, 6 sea hunters, 1 destroyer, three small submarines, 799 cars, 360 motorcycles, as well as rifle, ammunition, communications and fuel

The T-34-85 was last served in Bulgaria, so in 1968 during the commissioning of the Warsaw Troops in Czechoslovakia as part of the group of Bulgarian troops there was a tank battalion of 26 T-34-85.

Bulgarian T-34-85 during the input of troops in Czech Republic in 1968

Finally, the T-34-85 was removed from weapons in 1992-1995.

T-34-85 in the Bulgarian National Military Museum in Sofia

In 1947, SU-76M self-propelled installations were delivered to Bulgaria, who served until 1956

SU-76M in the Bulgarian National Military Museum in Sofia

It should be noted that Bulgaria was considered the most reliable ally of the USSR and held a special place in the organization of the Warsaw Treaty. In Bulgaria was not soviet troopsAnd she had its own tasks. In the event of war, Bulgaria was supposed to act independently on the southern flank against Turkey and Greece.

In 1955, the first armored personnel carriers of the BTR-40 were admitted to the Bulgarian Army, 150 units were delivered to 1957.

In 1956, 100 units of anti-tank SAU SU-100 were delivered to Bulgaria.

Su-100 in the Bulgarian National Military Museum in Sofia

From the mid-50s, Soviet tanks T-54 began to be supplied to Bulgaria, and since 1960 T-55, which became the main tanks of the Bulgarian People's Army (BNA).


T-55 in the Bulgarian National Military Museum in Sofia

In total, Bulgaria was supplied from the USSR 1800 units T-54 / T-55, of which 1145 T-55. All of them were written off in 2004-2009.


T-55am (Bulgarian designation M 1983) (in service since 1985) in the Bulgarian National Military Museum in Sofia

Since 1957, Wheel BTR-152 was supplied to Bulgaria, but in what quantity I could not find out.

Bulgarian BTR-152 during joint Bulgarian-Soviet teachings held in May 1967 in Bulgaria

KSHM BTR-152U in the Bulgarian National Military Museum in Sofia

From 1960 to 1963 Crawler BTR-50 was supplied to Bulgaria, 700 units were supplied. Currently removed from weapons.

command-staffing machine BTR-50PA in the Bulgarian National Military Museum in Sofia

In the period from 1965 to 1967, 150 reconnaissance and pediatric BRDM-1 were delivered to Bulgaria.


BRDM-1 intelligence division of the Bulgarian contingent during the input of troops in Czech Republic in 1968


BRDM-1 during a solemn meeting of the Bulgarian troops who returned from Czech Republic

From 1962, they were then replaced by BRDM-2 in total in Bulgaria, 420 BRDM-1/2 was delivered. In addition, BRDM-2 former National People's Army of the GDR was distributed between Poland and Bulgaria.


BRDM-2 in the Bulgarian National Military Museum in Sofia

In service with the Bulgarian army still consists of 12 BRDM-2 (another 50 units in warehouses), which were in service with the Bulgarian contingent in Iraq.


unloading BRDM-2 Bulgarian contingent in the port of UMM-CASS, in Iraq

Supplied to Bulgaria and self-propelled PTRS 9P133 with the "Competition" in the BRDM-2 basis, 24 of them still consists in service the Bulgarian army

Since 1962, Soviet armored personnel carriers of BTR-60 became available in Bulgaria, which became the main vehicle of the Bulgarian infantry. Deliveries continued until 1972, about 700 cars were delivered. The first modification was the BTR-60P with an open body open.


BTR-60P in the Bulgarian National Military Museum in Sofia

It was followed by BTR-60PA - a modification with a fully closed hermetic case. At this BTR, the Bulgarian soldiers participated in the introduction of troops in Czech Republic in 1968.




BTR-60Pa during a solemn meeting of the Bulgarian troops who returned from Czech Republic

Then the modification of the BTR-60PB with reinforced weapons from a 14.5-mm Machine gun of the CPVT and 7.62-mm PKT in the Tower, which became long years The main Bulgarian BTR.

BTR-60PB Bulgarian contingent also participated in Czechoslovak events.


BTR-60PB Bulgarian contingent during events in Czech Republic in 1968

100-150 BTR-60PB is still in service with the Bulgarian army (another 100 to 600 in reserve). About 30 are upgraded by Bulgarian specialists. The combat vehicle completely reworked the motor-transmission office. At the request of the customer there, you can install the Russian engine of the production of Kama Automobile Plant. Such a BTR receives the designation of the BTR-60PB MD3. Also, there is an option with a slide from Cummins. It is already referred to as BTR 60 PB-MD1. On the tower with machine guns, 8 smoke grenades are installed. Instead of the old sight, more modern, with improved characteristics. For the convenience of the entrance and access of the landing in the boards, the doors are cut.

Since the beginning of the 70s, infantry-BMF-1 combat vehicles were supplied to Bulgaria, 560 units were delivered, incl. 100 BMP-1P with a more powerful launcheling installation of PTRK 9K111 "FAGOT", and six sets of "chimneys" 902V, obtained from Russia in 1996. Currently, the army of Bulgaria consists of 20-75 BMP-1P (8 more -100 in reserve).


BMP-1P Bulgarian army on a parade in Sofia

Unlike other allies of the USSR, which from T-54/55 moved immediately to T-72, Bulgarians from 1970 to 1974. 250 T-62 was delivered with a powerful 115-mm cannon.

When in the 90s T-62 were removed from weapons and part of the tanks was redone in armored repair and evacuation machines, they received the designation of TV-62. The tanks were removed from the tanks, and in their place they welded the backward ones shortened on half of the T-55 and T-55a with an anti-aircraft machine gun DSHKM. Also cars received winches, and they were left for underwater driving equipment.

Another interesting model is the transformation of T-62 to the fire tank. For the first time this option was shown in 2008. A 10-ton tank was mounted on the tank chassis and a remotely controlled water supply tool, as well as a bulldozer dump.

Since 1972, in Bulgaria on a Beta Machine-Building Plant (now Beta Industry JSC) in Cherry Buryage, the production of a light armored tractor MT-LB has been established. Production continued until 1995. According to some reports, 2350 MT-LB released. In the bulk, they practically do not differ from the original. But still, part of the cars was released with their own modifications, which contributed to a wide range of families even more variety.


MT-LB in the Bulgarian National Military Museum in Sofia

Also, in Bulgaria, the following machines based on MT-BB
- MT-LB AT-and - Crawler Mind Barrier
- MT-LB MRHR - Radiochemical Intelligence Machine
- MT-LB CE - Combat Medical Machine
- MT-LB TMX - self-propelled mortar with 82 mm M-37M mortar
- SMM B1.10 "Tundzha" - Bulgarian version with a 120mm conges mortar. 1943, designed in 1981 under the leadership of the Chief Designer Georgi Imshiverieva.
- SMM 74 B1.10 "Tundzha-Sani" - Bulgarian version, developed in 1981 under the leadership of the Chief Designer Georgi Imshiveriyev, is distinguished by the use of a mortar 2B11 mortar complex as the main weapon of 2C11. 50 2S11 units were produced under the Soviet license from 1986 to 1987. In all, the Bulgarian Army is currently there are currently 212 self-propelled mortars "Tundja"


May 6, 2006. Bulgarian self-propelled mortar "Tundja" on a military parade in honor of St. George's Day

KSM-R-81 "Dolphin" - Command and Staff
R-80 - Ground Artillery Intelligence Station
Bulgarian MT-LB was actively exported. So, in the eighties, Iraq was delivered 800 MT-LB of Bulgarian production.
Currently, 100-150 left the Bulgarian army (from 600 to 800 in reserve) of the light armored tractors MT-LB remains in service.

Since 1979, a 122-mm self-propelled Gaubita 2C1 "carnation" on the basis of MT-LB began to be produced in Bulgaria. SAU 2C1 Bulgarian production entered the arms and Soviet army And, in addition to the worst quality of manufacture, no difference from the Soviet sample 2c1. In total, 506 self-propelled Gaubitz 2c1 "carnation" was released in Bulgaria, and together with Soviet deliveries, their number was 686 units.


self-propelled Gaubita 2C1 "Carnation" in the Bulgarian National Military Museum in Sofia

48 2С1 "Carnation" still consist in armament of the Bulgarian army (another 150 in reserve)


May 6, 2006. 2C1 "Carnation" on a military parade in honor of St. George's Day in Sofia

Arms of BMP-1, consisting of a 73-millimeter gun, machine guns and anti-tank missiles in some cases did not meet the requirements of the time, therefore it was decided to develop a new BMP on the basis of MT-LB, which became the only independently developed Bulgarian combat machine. Created by BMP received the BMP-23 index and was first shown at the parade in 1984. BMP-23 differs significantly from BMP-1 and more like BMP-2. BMP Welded, hermetic, allowing to overcome water barriers to the flood without additional preparation. The control department is in front of it, and before it is located transmissions aggregates. Behind the department of management behind the sealed partition is an engine compartment from other rooms. In the middle part - combat, and in the stern - the landing department. The "carnation" is large in size by the vehicle than BMP-1, and therefore inside it is not as close as in BMP-1. As in the SAU, the control unit is located on the entire width of the case, so the driver's seat and one of the shooters are not in each other, but, accordingly, on the left and right. Both places are equipped with hatches and observation devices. The mechanic-driver front periscope can be replaced by a passive type night vision device. In the welded double tower there is a 23 mm automatic gun, created on the basis of the ballistics of the z-23 anti-aircraft installation. The gun has a two-plane stabilizer, the ammunition is 450 shots (according to other data - 600 scenes), equipped with ribbons. With a gun spam 7.62 mm, a power supply unit for which 2,000 cartridges are stored in the combat department. On the roof of the tower there is a launcher for the 9M14m baby pethi with semi-automatic guidance on wires. Corps is designed on the basis of the 2C1 "carnation" machine, but with a thicker armor and a more powerful diesel engine. Cast steel armor, which is able to withstand the fire of heavy machine guns.

The modernized version of BMP with smoke grenade launches on the side of the tower and the replacement of the Ptur on the 9m111 "Fagot" received the BMP-23A index.

BMP-23 was created a combat intelligence machine BRM-23 "Owl", with additional means of observation and crew from five people.

BRM-23 has three versions:
"Owl-1" - with a radio station R-130M and telescopic mast
"Owl-2" - with a radio station R-143
"Owl-3" - with the RLS of ground exploration 1RL133 of the portable station of observation and exploration of PSNR-5 "Credo".

The Further Development of BMP-23 was the BMP-30 option, which is characterized by the installation of the tower from the Soviet BMP-2 with a 30-mm gun 2A42 and the 9M111 PTS "FAGOT".

A total of 115 BMP-23 issued, of which about 100 is armed with the Bulgarian army. BMP-23, as the BRDM-2 also consisted of the Bulgarian military contingent in Iraq.

In 1989, 20,15-mm self-propelled Gaubitz 2C3 "Acacia" were delivered to Bulgaria.


2C3 "Acacia" in the Bulgarian National Military Museum in Sofia

In 1978, the first T-72 tanks arrived in Bulgaria from the USSR.


T-72 in the Bulgarian National Military Museum in Sofia

In 1992, Bulgaria had 334 T-72, in 1999 Russia has acquired 100 T-72A and T-72Ac, lined in Bulgarian territory from Soviet times. Currently, 160 T-72 remains in service with the Bulgarian army (another 150-250 in warehouses).


bulgarian tanks T-72 on the exercises

Thus, on November 19, 1990, at the time of signing in Paris an agreement on ordinary armed forces in Europe, BNA had in service: 2,145 tanks (for comparison Turkey-2 795, Greece-1735), 2,204 BBM, 2 116 Artillery systems of 100 mm and more caliber systems, 243 combat aircraft, 44 shock helicopters. The same contract of Bulgaria has established the following quota: 1,475 tanks, 2,000 BBM, 1,750 artillery systems of a 100 mm or more caliber, 235 combat aircraft, 67 shock helicopters. On February 25, 1991, military structures of the organization of the Warsaw Treaty were abolished, and then in December 1991, the USSR collapsed.

The Bulgarian rulers who came to power first of affairs on dumping prices began to sell weapons and military equipment. Thus, 1993, Bulgaria exported to Angola 29 BMP-1 and 24 T-62 tank, then in 1999, 18 self-propelled Gaubitz 2c3 "Acacia". In 1992, 210 Self-propelled mortars "Tundja" were delivered to Syria. In 1998, 150 T-55 tanks were delivered to the former Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia, which took part in battles with Albanian gangs in 2001, in 1999, 12 MT-LB and 9 SPC "Strela-10". In 1998, Ethiopa acquired 140 T-55 from Bulgarians. In 1999, in Latvia, 20 Tundji's self-propelled mortars was delivered to Latvia. In September 2010, Cambodia received a large batch of armored vehicles, including 50 T-55 tanks (re-expected from Serbia), 40 BTR-60PB and 4 BRDM armored personnel carriers -2 from the presence of the Bulgarian army. On May 31, 2012, a contract was signed for the supply of Iraq's armed forces of 500 armored tractors MT-LB.

Thus, today, the Bulgarian army is in service with 160 T-72, the number of which is planned to be reduced to 120; about 200 BMP-1 and BMP-23, of which they plan to leave half; 100-150 BTR-60PB and BTR-60PB-MD-1, 12 BRDM-2, 100-150 MT-LB.
However, new allies on NATO for the Bulgarian military contingent in Afghanistan from the United States were delivered from the USA, 17 wheeled BTR M-1117 and 50 "Hummers" were delivered.



For Military Police from Israel 25 armored cars Caracal.

And this is all, although I think, with the time, NATovs are wobbled by Bulgarians their written off weapons. Well, as they say: "We will see ..."

According to the materials of sites:
http://alternathistory.org.ua.
http://477768.livejournal.com
http://www.tankfront.ru/index.html
http://www.prowars.ru/all_out/tivout9801/bolpz/bolpz001.htm.
http://www.militarists.ru.

Armed Forces of the countries of the world

Sun Bulgaria

Bulgaria sun during the period cold War There were quite large, albeit more archaic than the Army of GDR, Poland and Czechos. At the beginning of the 90s, there were 2145 tanks, 2204 BBM, 2116 artsystem, 243 combat aircraft, 44 percussion helicopters.

Since 2004, Bulgaria is a member of NATO. Like all European armies, it was subjected to significant abbreviations, while practically without any update. The technique produced in the Soviet period (in the USSR, Czech Republic and Bulgaria itself) strongly outdated, the procurement of Western technology is of a partial nature, and it is not always new.

Ground troops Structurally consist of three brigades, brigade command and four separate regiments. These are two mechanized brigades (2nd (Stara Zagora), 61st (Karlovo)), brigadier command (Blagoevgrad) and 68th team of special forces (Plovdiv), 4th artillery regiment (Asenovgrad), 55th engineering regiment (Belene), 101th Gunning Regiment (Smolyan), 110th Transport Regiment (Plovdiv). The 68th team of special forces is currently directly subordinate to the command of the Sun, in fact, being a separate native of troops.

Bulgaria is the only NATO country that has been in service with tactical rockets. This is 18 PU TP "Point" and 36 UR to them. Also 8 PU TP "Oka", 44 PU OTR R-17, 34 PU TP "Moon" are on storage, but the missiles to them under the pressure of Washington, the very oceaning spread of rocket technologies, destroyed.

There are 80 T-72M2 tanks in mechanized brigades. In addition, there are still 234 T-72 different modifications on the storage.

BRM is presented 50 BRDM-2, even up to 150 extremely obsolete BRDM-1, may be on storage. There are 104 BMP-23, up to 10 BMP-30, 94 BMP-1. It consists of 320 BTR-60 (even up to 430, perhaps on storage, incl. KSM), up to 1000 MTLB, 17 US M1117 and 30 M113A1.

There is 48 saough 2c1 (122 mm), at least 10 on the storage. Towing implements - 106 d-20 (152 mm), up to 32 m-30 (even up to 140 on storage) (122 mm). Mortaries are several hundred 82-mm, up to 356 self-propelled 2C12 (on the MTLB chassis) and up to 100 m-43 (120 mm). RSZO - up to 180 bm-21 (122 mm).

PRK - more than 300 "Competition", 200 "Baby", 222 "Fagot", more than 500 "assault", more than 50 "Metis". Anti-tank guns - 16 BS-3 and 200 MT-12 (100 mm); Also 68 self-propelled Su-100 and 150 towed D-44 (85 mm) are on storage.

Military air defense includes 10 batteries (40 PU) SPRC "Square", 9 batteries (27 PU) SPC "Circle", 24 SPC "OSA", 20 SPC "Strela-10"; Also 50 SPC "Strela-1" are on storage. There are more than 100 IDPs "Strela-2", "Strela-3", "Needle-1". Flak - 27 ZSSU-23-4 "Shilka" (13 more on storage), 100 zsu-57-2 (all on storage), up to 300 PSU-23, 16 C-60.

In addition to the listed technique on the storage, there are even 113 T-72 tanks, as well as up to 250 Easy PT-76, up to 15 BMP-1, up to 38 BTR-60 (and up to 44 ksm at its base), up to 70 BTR-50, 27 BTR-70, up to 230 guns M-30, up to 48 ml-20. This technique is not listed on the Balance of the Country Sun and is used as sources of spare parts and for sale abroad. In addition, Bulgaria regularly resell the same outdated Soviet technique Poland, Czech Republic, Slovakia, Serbia, Big. In particular, it is Bulgaria that is the main source of arms for all opposition groups in Syria, including radical Islamists, incl. "Jebhat An-Nusra" and "Islamic Khalifat".

Air Force In their composition 5 airbases: 3rd (Count Ignatievo; in its composition all fighters MiG-29), an advanced base air base (immensant; equipped with SU-25K attack aircraft), 16th transport (hostility), training (Dolna Metropolia ) and 24th (Kremovo). There is also a air defense base (Sofia).

Impact aviation consists of 15 SU-25 attack aircraft (including 4 educational and combat SU-25UB; even up to 10 on storage); In addition, up to 7 outdated Su-22 (up to 5 m4, up to 2 mind) are on storage.

Fighter aviation consists of 9 MiG-29 fighters (including 2 educational MiG-29Un; another 10 MiG-29 (including 1 UB) are on storage). In addition, there are up to 24 MiG-23 aircraft (up to 10 BN bombers, up to 1 MF fighter, up to 3 mL, up to 2 billion, up to 8 educational units) and up to 85 MiG-21 (up to 33 bis, to 9 Mind and up to 3 Us, up to 6 F-13, up to 6 PF, up to 28 PFMs), but at least one of them, as well as SU-22, can be returned to operation.

The Air Force is 1 An-30 optical exploration aircraft.

Transport aircraft - 3 Italian C-27J, 1 An-2, 1 Swiss RS-12M, 1 American "Falcon-2000", 1 European A319, 1 Czech L-410UVP (6 more on storage); Also 1 Tu-154, 5 AN-26 are on storage.

Tutorials - 6 Czech L-39ZA (another 13 to 16 on storage), 6 Swiss PC-9M.

Combat helicopters - 4 mi-24V (another 10 to 13 mi-24d, 2 Mi-24V are on storage). Transport and multi-purpose helicopters - 3 Mi-17 (8-11 more on storage), 2-3 Mi-8 (even up to 6 on storage), 6 Bell 206, 12 AS532AL. The border guard has 3 helicopters A-109 and 1 AW-139.

Bulgaria has a strong enough, albeit outdated ground air defense. In its composition 3-5 divisions of the C-75M3 VSC (18-30 PU), 9-10 C-125 divisions (36-40 PU), 2 divisions of VRC C-200 (12 PU), 1-2 divisions of VRS 300pc (from 4 to 12 PU).

Navy include 3 divisions and a detachment in their composition martial vehicles and boats, they are stationed in two bases.

1st Division of Patrol Ships (Varna) - 1 Frigate of Soviet Building Ave. 1159, 2 Corvette Also Soviet Con. 1241p.

4th Division of Patrol Ships (ATIA) - 3 Belgian Frigate type "Vilingen", 1 Soviet rocket boat Ave. 1241.

A squad of anti-mine ships (Varna) - 1 Belgian trailer of TIPARTIT type, 6 Soviet travelers Ave. 1259.2 (all in reserve).

6th Antimine Division (ATIA) - 2-3 Soviet Trawl Ave 1265.

Up to 5 missile boats Ave. 205, up to 4 travelers Ave. 257 and up to 4 Ave. 1258, a landing ship Ave. 773. But, most likely, all of them are already disposed of.

Sea aviation includes 2 AS565 French helicopters. 6 Soviet amphibian helicopters Mi-14 are on storage.

Intended to protect freedom, independence and territorial integrity of the state. The armed forces include:

Encyclopedic YouTube.

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    ✪ South group of troops

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History

Separate detachments of Bulgarian volunteers appeared as part of the Russian army during the Crimean War of 1853 - 1856. . Even before the start of the war, General Feldmarshal I. F. Passevich suggested Nicholas I to call for combat actions against the Turkish troops of Bulgaria and Serbs, but his proposal did not meet approval in St. Petersburg. In September 1853, a delegation from 37 arrivals of North-Western Bulgaria arrived at the main apartment of the Russian army, the delegates of which were delivered by the "petition of Bulgarian Russian king" and reported on the readiness of the Bulgarian population to assist the Russian army after its crossing through the Danube. In the future, after the start of the war, Bulgarian volunteers began to join the Russian army (among which were immigrants who lived in the Russian Empire before the start of the war, the inhabitants of the Danube Principles of Moldova and Valahia, and residents of other areas of Bulgaria). After the end of the war, the Bulgarian detachments were disbanded, part of the Bulgarian volunteers remained in the Russian Empire (it is known that over 80 Bulgarian volunteers settled after care from military service in the Dalnobudzhak district, another volunteer Gencho Greeks settled in Berdyansky county, and awarded gold medal "for diligence "The volunteer Fedor Velkov settled in the Tavrician province), but the other part returned to his homeland.

1878-1913

The first divisions of the Bulgarian army were formed in 1878, with the help of Russia, from the detachments of the militia who participated in the April uprising of 1876 and battles for the liberation of Bulgaria from the Turkish troops during the war of 1877-1878.

In 1885, the first volunteer woman, Jonka Marinov, was adopted in the Bulgarian army (she became the only woman soldier who participated in the war of 1885).

On April 28, 1888, the Order of the Military Minister was created "Military Publishing", the publication of the official magazine of the Military Ministry began (" Customer Magazine»).

In December 1899, it was decided to re-equipment the Bulgarian army on a 8-mm shopping rifle "Manlikher" arr. 1888.

In 1890, the General Headquarters was established.

In 1891, 8-mm shopping rifles "Manliker" began to purchase for the Bulgarian army. 1888/90

In 1902, the Russian-Bulgarian Military Convention was signed. In the fall of 1903, after the suppression of the Turkish troops of the Ildoman uprising in Macedonia, the Government of Bulgaria increased military spending.

December 31, 1903 was adopted by law (" Law for Development on Entrage Sili on Balgarskoto Kingdom"), Establishing a new organizational structure and the procedure for picking up the Bulgarian army. Military relations were Bulgarian men recognized as suitable for military service, aged 20 to 46 years (inclusive).

In 1907, the German 8-mm machinery machine gun MG.01 / 03 came to armared the Bulgarian army. 1904 (under the name "Maxim-Shpandau").

As of 1912, the army of peacetime consisted of 4,000 officers and 59,081 lower ranks - 9 divisions (each of the four binary regiments, which were supposed to be reformed into four-bathedral when mobilized) and a number of individual parts. In addition, it was envisaged to create backup connections (in total in reserve parts there were 133 thousand people, 300 guns and 72 machine guns) and individual militia battalions to carry security services in the rear.

After creating in the spring of 1912, the Balkan Union, before the beginning of the First Balkan War, the Armed Forces of Bulgaria counted 180 thousand people. During 1912, Russia has delivered the Bulgarian army of 50,000 triple rifles and 25,000 Bardan rifles No. 2. The total cost of weapons and ammunition received by Bulgaria from the Russian Empire in the period up to December 15, 1912 amounted to 224,229 rubles. In addition, the government allowed the departure of volunteers, collecting money and sending sanitary detachments to Bulgaria. As a result, the Russian Red Cross sent a field military hospital to Bulgaria at 400 beds and three hiking lazaret (per 100 beds each), four more medical and sanitary detachments (for 50 beds each) sent a city Duma to Bulgaria Nizhny Novgorod..

In 1912-1913, the first Balkan War was held, in which Bulgaria in the Union with Serbia, Montenegro and Greece led the fighting against the Ottoman Empire. The war ended with the signing of the London peace treaty. In the future, Bulgaria participated in the Second Balkan War against former Allies on Antiturch Coalition.

In 1913, Bulgaria increased military spending up to 2 billion levs (which was more than half of all the costs of the country's budget). At the end of 1913, Bulgaria increased the procurement of weapons and ammunition in Austria-Hungary and Germany, at the same time increases the reception of cadets to the country's military-educational institutions, the initiates of the officer and non-commissioned officer of the Bulgarian army, taking into account the experience of the overgrown Balkan war, started Ideological preparation for war (the release of the periodicals "People and the Army" and "Military Bulgaria") and the dissemination of ideas of revision of the Bucharest treaty.

1914-1918

On July 12, 1914, a German-Bulgarian agreement was signed, according to which the Government of Bulgaria received a loan in Germany in the amount of 500 million francs and made an obligation to spend 100 million francs from the loan received, placing military order at German enterprises and Austria-Hungary.

By the beginning of 1915, the majority of the Bulgarian Army servicemen wore ORD uniforms. 1908 ( brown color) Although some units have already received a gray-green field uniform of a new sample.

On September 6, 1915, documents were signed on the accession of Bulgaria to the central powers block, in accordance with which Germany and Austria-Hungary pledged Bulgarian assistance to military personnel, weapons and ammunition, and the Government of Bulgaria in accordance with the Military Convention - pledged within 35 days after signing Convention Start War against Serbia.

September 8 (21), 1915, Bulgaria declared mobilization (continued from 11 to 30 September 1915) and October 15, 1915 - he entered the first world war on the side of the central powers (after completion of the mobilization completed, the Bulgarian army consisted of about 500 thousand people consisting of 12 divisions). The total number of Bulgaria mobilized to the Armed Forces during the war was 1 million people.

As of October 14, 1915, the main type of rifle of the Bulgarian army was the Austrian rifles of the Manliker system of several modifications, but in armament of the backup parts were rifles of other systems, including obsolete: 46,056 Russian three-line rifles arr. 1891, 12,982 Turkish rifles of the Mauser system (war trophies of 1912), 995 Serbian rifles of the Mauser system (the trophies of the 1913 war), 54 912 rifles of the Berdan system No. 2 arr. 1870, 12,800 rf rins arr. 1869 and others also in service the army had 248 German machine gunners of the Maxim system (another 36 pcs. Trophy Turkish machine guns of the Maxim system were stored).

In addition, in service with the Bulgarian army, at the time of the speech on the side of the central powers in October 1915, there were up to 500 light guns (mainly 75-mm field guns Schneider-Canet arr. 1904), about 50 heavy guns of the Schneider system and about 50 pcs. 75-mm Schneider-Canet's rainflap guns with a significant margin of shells (during the war, shells for French-made tools, which were in service with the Bulgarian army, supplied Germany, who captured a significant number of trophy shells in the warehouses of the French army on West Front) .

In 1915-1918 Germany and Austria-Hungary supplied weapons for the Bulgarian army, ammunition, gear and other military property. In addition, Germany handed a large number of German field shape to the Bulgarian army.

In February 1918, Germany practically stopped the supply of weapons, equipment and uniforms of the Bulgarian army and military assistance to Bulgaria.

Austria-Hungary handed over to Bulgaria a few Schumann Bronchards (in 1918, after the transition of the Armanta's troops to the offensive, they were captured by the French East Army).

Demobilization was carried out under the control: parts of the Bulgarian army were returned to garrisons and disbanded, and their weapons were cooled into military and government warehouses. Nevertheless, even before signing the agreement, civil authorities and military leadership of Bulgaria have tried to preserve part of the weapon: secret warehouses were equipped in the country, which managed to hide some small arms (pistols, rifles, machine guns), a significant amount of cartridges, hand grenades and artillery shells.

1919-1930

In accordance with the Nyuisky Treaty signed on November 27, 1919, the number of Bulgarian armed forces was reduced to 33 thousand people (20 thousand soldiers of the land forces, 3 thousand of the border troops and 10 thousand troops in the gendarmerie), the Navy was Abbreviated to 10 ships, the recruitment of the armed forces on the call was forbidden.

On June 14, 1920, the Government of A. Stambolia decided to create construction troops (which were considered as a possible organized reserve for creating parts of the Bulgarian army).

In early 1921, part of the Army Army began to arrive in Bulgaria, which were placed mainly in the barracks of the demobilized Bulgarian army (only by the end of 1921, about 35 thousand Beloamigrants arrived in the country) and retained the right to wearing military form and weapons. On August 17, 1922, General P. N. Wrangel ordered General E. K. Miller to start negotiations with representatives of Bulgaria's military-political circles on the formation of the new Government of Bulgaria, which the Russian General of Beloamigrants should be included as a military minister, however Preparations for the state coup was disclosed, after which the parts of the BeloEmigrants were exterriting and disarmed in Bulgaria.

Parts of the Bulgarian army were used to suppress the peasant uprising on June 9-11, 1923 and the September uprising (September 14-29, 1923).

On July 1, 1924, Bulgarian Ministers A. Tsangkov, I. Rosev, I. I. I. I. Wrangel's representatives in Bulgaria (Generals S. A. Ronszhin, F. F. Abramov and V. K. Vitkovsky) concluded a secret agreement on cooperation, which Provided the possibility of weapons and use in Bulgaria divisions of the Army of Wrangel in the interests of the Bulgarian government.

In October 1925, a border conflict took place in the area of \u200b\u200bPetrich in the city of Petrich: after October 19, 1925, the Bulgarian border guard shot a Greek border guard, the Greek government sent an ultimatum to the Government of Bulgaria, and on October 22, 1925, part of the VI-C Greek Divisia without a declaration of war crossed the border and took ten villages on the territory of Bulgaria (Kulata, Chucheuligovo, Marino Field, Markostinovo, Dolo Spongechevo, Novo Hodjovo, Piperitsa and Lehovo). Bulgaria stated the protest, on the left bank of the River Strux Bulgarian border guards, with the assistance of volunteers from the local population, equipped defensive positions and prevented the further promotion of Greek troops, a nomination began to the border of the 7th Bulgarian Infantry Division. On October 29, 1925, Greek troops retreated with a busy territory of Bulgaria.

In the mid-1920s. The restoration of the military industry begins:

  • in 1924-1927 In the city of Kazanlyc built military factory DVF.
  • in 1925-1926 The first aircraft factory was built in the festive - the gift, which began the production of aircraft.

1930-1940

In the 1930s, the convergence of government circles of Bulgaria, Germany and Italy began, including in the field of military cooperation, which increased after signing on February 9, 1934, the Covenant on the creation of the "Balkan Entente" and a military coup on May 19, 1934. In the same period, the supply of weapons and military equipment began from Germany and Italy.

In 1936, steel helmets of the OBR 1936 were adopted for the Arma of the Bulgarian Army instead of the German helmet. New helmets began to enter the troops from the beginning of 1937, but German helmets also continued to use (in reserve parts).

On July 9, 1936, the construction of an artillery ammunition plant began in the city of Sopot (the opening of the plant took place on July 12, 1940), following this, the plant began producing fuses, hand held grenades, as well as 22-mm, 75-mm, 105-mm and 122 -mm shells.

July 18, 1936 King Boris III signed Decree No. 310 on the creation of the system civil Defense, protection of the population from airline and chemical weapons.

On July 31, 1937, the program of re-equipment of the army was adopted by the Government of Bulgaria, its financing was taken over by England and France, granted Bulgaria a loan of 10 million dollars.

Since the beginning of 1938, Bulgaria began negotiations with Germany about the possibility of concluding an agreement to receive a loan for the purchase of weapons. On March 12, 1938, a secret protocol was signed, according to which Germany provided Bulgaria with a loan in the amount of 30 million rehsmarocks on the purchase of weapons.

On May 13, 1938, in Sofia, Turkish Foreign Minister Ryushto Aras and Turkish Prime Minister Jelal Bayar on behalf of all countries of the Balkan Entente offered Bulgaria to conclude an agreement on declaring equality in armament issues instead of the Declaration of Bulgarian Government about nonsense from its part.

On July 31, 1938, the Saloniki agreements were signed, in accordance with which, from August 1, 1938, with Bulgaria, restrictions on the increase in the army were removed from Bulgaria, as well as allowed to introduce Bulgarian troops in previously demilitarized zones on borders with Greece and Turkey.

In the future, the growth of military expenses, the number and arms of the Bulgarian army began. At the same time, the Government of Bulgaria began the development of the military industry.

After the occupation of Czechoslovakia in March 1939, Germany began deliveries for the Bulgarian army of trophy weapons of Czechoslovak production: in particular, Bulgaria was transferred to 12 Aero MB.200 bombers (French bombers Bloch MB.200, issued under license in Czechoslovakia); 32 bombers Avia B.71 (Soviet bombers of SB, issued under license in Czechoslovakia); 12 Avia B.135B fighters; Avia B.534 fighters; Letov Š-328 scout aircraft; Training aircraft Avia B.122; Small weapons (in particular, cz.38 guns, ZK-383 gun guns, ZB VZ machineuses. 26). Later were obtained by 36 tanks LT VZ.35 and others.

After the occupation of Norway in the spring of 1940, Germany began delivery to Bulgaria of trophy weapons captured in Norway.

1941-1945

In January 1941, the Germans put the Bulgarian army ten SUVs Stoewer R200 SPEZIAL 40.

April 19-20, 1941, in accordance with the agreement between Germany, Italy and the Government of Bulgaria, part of the Bulgarian army without declaring the war crossed borders with Yugoslavia and Greece and occupied the territories in Macedonia and Northern Greece.

On June 25, 1941, an armored regiment was formed in the Bulgarian army (on the basis of the 1st tank battalion created in 1939).

On November 25, 1941, Bulgaria joined the Anti-Cominnov Covenant.

On December 13, 1941, Bulgaria declared the War of the United States and the UK, but the Bulgarian army did not accept active participation in hostilities against the countries of the Anti-Hitler Coalition.

In early 1943, a parachute-landing battalion was created as part of the Bulgarian army.

In July 1943, the Germans began re-equipment of the Bulgarian army. In accordance with the re-equipment program (received the conditional name "Barbara Plan"), the Germans put 61 Tank PZKPFW IV, 10 pz.kpfw.38 tanks (T), 55 assault tools Stug 40, 20 armored vehicles (17 SD.KFZ.222 and 3 SD.KFZ.223), artillery guns and other weapons.

On September 1, 1943, the first motorized compound was created as part of the Bulgarian army: automotive regiment ( Promotional Camionen Shelves).

In 1944, military expenditures were 43.8% of all state budget expenditures. The total number of the Bulgarian army was 450 thousand people (21 infantry division, 2 cavalry divisions and 2 border brigades), there were 410 aircraft, 80 combat and subsidiary ships.

With the line approach Eastern Front By the borders of Bulgaria, on September 5, 1944, the Bulgarian government declared war in Germany. As of September 5, 1944, the total number of the Bulgarian army was 510 thousand people (5 of the international armies, 22 divisions and 5 brigades), there were 143 units of armored vehicles (at the same time, the basis of the tank fleet was 97 German average pz.kpfw tanks. IVG and pz.kpfw.IVH). The total number of automotive equipment in the troops was small, all the calls and artillery were mainly on horseback, so parts and connections of the Bulgarian army were larger.

In the future, on September 9, 1944, as a result of the September Revolution, the Government of the Patriotic Front came to power in the country, which decided to establish Bulgarian folk army.

Fighters were included in the Bulgarian People's Army partisan detachments and combat groups, activists of the resistance movement and 40 thousand volunteers. In total, by the end of the war, 450 thousand people were called to the new army, of which 290 thousand took part in the hostilities.

Also, during this period, armament begins to enter the Bulgarian army and military equipment from the USSR.

In addition, the preparation of military personnel of the Bulgarian army in the military schools of the USSR was launched - by February 15, 1945 in the Soviet Military Academy studied and increased advanced training 21 Bulgarian officer and general.

Bulgarian troops participated in hostilities against Germany on the territory of Yugoslavia, Hungary and Austria, took part in the Belgrade operation, the battle at Lake Balaton, together with the units of Noa liberated the cities of Kumanovo, Skople, Kosovo region ...

As a result of hostilities of the Bulgarian troops, the German troops lost 69 thousand troops killed and prisoners, 21 aircraft (20 aircraft were destroyed and one HE-111 - captured), 75 tanks, 937 guns and mortars, 4 thousand cars and vehicle (3724 cars, as well as tractors, motorcycles, etc.), 71 steam locomotive and 5769 wagons, a significant amount of weapons, ammunition, equipment and military assets.

In the period from the beginning of September 1944 to the end of the war in battles against the German army and its allies, the loss of the Bulgarian army amounted to 31,910 servicemen; 360 soldiers and officers of the Bulgarian army were awarded by Soviet orders, 120 thousand military personnel - the medal "For victory over Germany in the Great Patriotic War of 1941-1945." .

According to official data of the Government of Bulgaria, the direct military spending of Bulgaria over the period of military operations on the side of the anti-Hitler coalition countries amounted to 95 billion les.

1945-1990

In July 1945, the Military Minister of Bulgaria appealed to the USSR with a request to assist in the construction of the country's armed forces: send instructors to the country for training the Bulgarian Army soldiers, to provide weapons for 7 infantry divisions and 2 thousand cars. Ultimately, after negotiations and signing an agreement on military aid, in 1946-1947. The USSR handed over Bulgaria 398 tanks, 726 guns and mortars, 31 aircraft, 2 torpedo boats, 6 sea hunters, 1 destroyer, three small submarines, 799 cars, 360 motorcycles, as well as small arms, ammunition, communications and fuel.

In addition, the preparation of military personnel of the Bulgarian army in the military schools of the USSR was continued - in 1947, in the Soviet Military Academs, the 34 Bulgarian officers and general training were engaged in the Soviet Military Academy.

After the end of the war, the international situation at the borders of Bulgaria remained difficult in connection with the beginning of the "Cold War" and the continued civil war in Greece. In 1947, English troops were derived from Greece, but they were replaced by the US troops. In addition, in accordance with the "Doctrine Truman", in 1948, intensive and large-scale military preparations began in Turkey and Greece, which covered the formation, weapons and preparation of the Armed Forces of Turkey and Greece and the movement of their groupings of the Armed Forces in the immediate vicinity of Bulgaria borders . In Bulgaria, the development of the military industry was launched, a defensive line was built on the border with Turkey.

In May 1946, the officer organization "Tsar Krum" operating in the army was revealed, who was preparing a military coup. After that, on July 2, 1946, the People's Assembly adopted the "law on monitoring and leadership of the troops", 2 thousand officers were fired from the army (while benefits and financial assistance were provided for the dismissed officers).

In 1947, German armored vehicles were removed from the armor of the Bulgarian army (although some other time part of the equipment remained on storage and was used during the exercises).

In 1948, the Central Sports Club of the Bulgarian People's Army was created - "Septtember's banner".

In 1951, central administration of local air defense was created ( Central Office on the local agent Anti-dismissed) and the organization of defense assistance (which carried out the training of shofiers, tractor drivers, motorcyclists, auto mechanics, pilots, seafarers, radio workers and other technical specialists for the armed forces and civilian sector of the country's economy).

In May 1955, Bulgaria entered into the organization of the Warsaw Treaty.

During this period, in submission of the Ministry of Defense were:

In 1956, self-propelled artillery installations of the Su-100 were admitted to the service of the Bulgarian army.

In February 1958, the law "On the Universal Military Service" was adopted, in accordance with which the duration urgent service In the army, the Air Force and air defense compiled two years, on the fleet - three years.

In 1962, border troops were submitted to the submission of the Ministry of People's Defense (but in 1972 they were transferred to the Ministry of Internal Affairs).

In connection with the complication of the military-political situation after the military coup in Greece in April 1967, on August 20 - 27, 1967, military teachings "Rhodopes" were held on the territory of Bulgaria, which took part Bulgarian, Soviet and Romanian troops.

In 1968, the Armed Forces of Bulgaria took part in the Danube operation. The 12th and 22nd motorized rifle shelves took part in the operation (as part of which at the beginning of the operation there were 2164 servicemen and 2177 - when leaving Czechoslovakia), as well as one Bulgarian tank battalion - 26 T-34 tanks.

1990s - 2000s

In the 1990s, the reform of the armed forces began, during which the number of the army was significantly reduced.

In 1992-1993 Bulgaria took part of the UN peacekeeping operation in Cambodia (Untac). Bulgarian servicemen were part of the UN peacekeeping contingent in Cambodia from May 4, 1992 to November 27, 1993, the losses of the Bulgarian contingent of the UN amounted to 11 military personnel.

In the spring of 1994, the first meeting of the Bulgarian American Working Group on Defense was held in Sofia, on which it was decided to begin preparation of an agreement on cooperation between the United States and Bulgaria in the military field.

In April 1994, a plan for cooperation between the Armed Forces of Bulgaria and Austria was signed, which provided for training for military personnel of Bulgaria in Austria.

In 1994, the total number of Armed Forces of Bulgaria was 96 thousand people, the military budget was reduced to 11 billion levs. During 1994, negative phenomena, corruption intensified in the Armed Forces, the number of fatal accidents increased among military personnel.

At the end of 1996, the issue of membership in NATO was first staged during the elections of the President of the country (the proposal was announced by the candidate from the United democratic forces Bulgaria). On February 17, 1997, the Parliament of Bulgaria approved the decision to join the country in NATO. In the same year, at the Madrid Summit NATO, Bulgaria (among other six candidate countries) was officially invited to membership in NATO. In 1999, being a candidate country, Bulgaria allowed to use their airspace for the span of NATO aircraft participating in hostilities against Yugoslavia.

In 1998, the Bulgarian Government's Accounts Chamber conducted an inspection of the state of strategic reserves of the country and military warehouses in the cities of Sofia, Plovdiv, Pleven and Varna. As a result of the inspection, it was found that in the case of full mobilization of MTO reserves for the armed forces, only three to four days is enough, since the reserves of raw materials and finished products (according to documents, as strategic reserves of wartime) were sold out with violations of legislation, crumbled or lost With unidentified circumstances.

In the same period, the re-equipment of the Bulgarian army weapons of the NATO standard begins.

  • in 2002, at the request of NATO, the Bulgarian government disbanded the rocket parts of the ground forces.

On January 21, 2002, the Bulgarian government decided to send a military contingent to Afghanistan, and on February 16, 2002, the first 32 soldiers were sent to Afghanistan. In 2003, it was decided to increase the number of Bulgarian contingent as part of the ISAF and expand the tasks set before him. In December 2008, the number of Bulgarian contingent in Afghanistan was 460 servicemen, and a decision was made to another increase in the number of contingent. As of the beginning of 2012, the number of Bulgarian contingent in Afghanistan was 614 military personnel. In the future, the number of contingent was somewhat reduced - up to 606 people. By early August 2012. At the same time it was announced that the conclusion of the Bulgarian military contingent will be launched in 2013 and completed until the end of 2014. As of December 3, 2012, the contingent number was 581 soldiers, as of August 1, 2013 - 416 military personnel.

In 2003, the Government of Bulgaria decided to send a military contingent to Iraq, and in August 2003, 485 soldiers were sent to Iraq. Under pressure from the public, in December 2005 (after Iraq killed 13 Bulgarian soldiers and 6 civilians) The Bulgarian contingent was derived from Iraq, but already on February 22, 2006, the Bulgarian government again decided to send 155 servicemen to Iraq. In December 2008, the Bulgarian contingent was finally removed from Iraq.

In total, from August 22, 2003 to December 31, 2008, Bulgaria sent 3367 soldiers to Iraq, the contingent losses amounted to 13 military personnel killed and over 30 wounded, the cost of maintaining the contingent was about 170 million left.

On March 29, 2004, Bulgaria joined the NATO block.

As of 2004, the total number of Armed Forces of Bulgaria was 61 thousand soldiers of the regular army and 303 thousand reservists, another 27 thousand served in other militarized formations (12 thousand - in the border troops, 7 thousand - in the construction troops, 5 thousand - in the protection of citizens, 2 thousand - in the militarized security of the Ministry of Transport and 1 thousand - in public service Security).

On April 28, 2006, in Sofia, Bulgarian Foreign Minister Ivailo Calphine and US Secretary of State of Condoleezza Rice signed the Defense Cooperation Agreement Agreement, which provided for the creation of the US military bases in Bulgaria. On May 26, 2006, the Parliament of Bulgaria ratified the agreement, which entered into force on June 12, 2006.

In 2007, the Balkan Combat Group of the Armed Forces of the European Union countries was formed (" Balkan Battle Group.", Not less than 1500 servicemen), which included divisions of the Armed Forces of Greece, Bulgaria, Romania and Cyprus.

In November 2007, Bulgaria ordered 7 armored vehicles M1117 ASV, which were obtained in 2008. In addition, through the Foundation "Solidarity with coalition forces in Iraq" in 2008, the United States passed Bulgaria 52 HMMWV cars with a total cost of $ 17 million.

In early 2010, 25 Sandcat armored cars were admitted for military police.

On December 29, 2010, the Bulgarian government adopted a plan for the reform and development of the armed forces for the period up to 2015 (" Plante for organizationally protected and modernization on Evili Sili until 2015"), Providing for the continuation of military reform.

As of the beginning of 2011, the number of the Armed Forces of Bulgaria was 31,355 military personnel of the regular army and 303 thousand reservists, another 34 thousand served in other militarized formations (12 thousand - in the border troops, 4 thousand - in the security police and 18 thousand - as part of railway and building troops). The recruitment of the armed forces was made upon call.

In 2012, the number of military personnel of the Bulgarian army decreased by more than 1500 people.

On February 5, 2015, at a meeting of the NATO Defense Ministers, it was decided to establish a rapid response of NATO in Bulgaria. According to the Minister of Defense of Bulgaria Nikolai Nenchev, the Center will be created in Sofia, his work will be provided by 50 employees (25 military army soldiers and 25 military from other NATO countries).

On March 12, 2015, the Minister of Defense of Bulgaria N. Nenchev said that from the moment of joining NATO in 2004, by the end of 2014, Bulgaria participated in 21 NATO operations, the costs of Bulgaria to participate in NATO operations during this time amounted to 689,177,485 les.

Distinctive signs

Professional holidays

Notes

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  5. Bulgarskoto Cluster // History for Bulgaria in 14 volumes. That six. Bulgarian linja 1856 - 1878. Sofia, ed. On Ban, 1987. P.448-458
  6. Mikhail Foxes. Museum of an unknown army of the famous country // "Technique and Armament", No. 11, 2010. p.40-44
  7. Single Bulgarian-militia // Bulgaria magazine, No. 11, 1968. p.27
  8. Rowed weapons of Bulgaria and Turkey during the First World War // Weapon Magazine, No. 13, 2014. p.1-3, 46-58
  9. The history of Bulgaria in 2 tt. Volume 1. / Headfall., P. N. Tretyakov, S. A. Nikitin, L. B. Valev. M., Publishing House of the Academy of Sciences of the USSR, 1954. P.474-475
  10. N. A. Oreva. Red Cross activities during russian-Japanese war 1904-1905 // Magazine "Problems of Social Hygiene, Health and Medicine History", № 6, 2012. P.59-61
  11. No. 69. Autobiography P. TsONCHEV (September 9, 1918) // Under the banner of October: a collection of documents and materials in 2 tts. October 25 (November 7), 1917 - November 7, 1923. Volume 1. Participation of Bulgarian internationalists in the Great October socialist revolution and the protection of its conquests / edging: A. D. Pedos, K. S. Kuznetsova, L. I. Zharov, M. Dimitrov et al. M., Politicization, Sofia, Publishing BKP, 1980. pp.194-195
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  23. R. Ernest Dupyui, Trevor N. Dupyui. World War History (in 4th TT.). Book 3 (1800-1925). St. Petersburg, M., "Polygon - AST", 1998. p.658
  24. M. P. Pavlovich. World War 1914-1918 And the coming wars. 2nd ed. M., Book House "Librok", 2012. P.115-116
  25. Behind the Balkan Fronts of the First World War / D. ed. V. N. Vinogradov. M., Publisher "Indrik", 2002. Page 364
  26. Semen Fedoseev. Shimanan Bronux and its heirs // "Technique and Armament", No. 2, 2014. Page 29-36
  27. Vladay Uprising 1918 // Civil War and military intervention in USSR. Encyclopedia / editorial., Ch. ed. S. S. Chromov. - 2nd ed. - M., "Soviet Encyclopedia", 1987. p.94
  28. Ivan Vinarov. Fighters of a quiet front. Sofia, "Holy", 1989. P20-21
  29. Ivan Vinarov. Fighters of a quiet front. Sofia, "Holy", 1989. p.24-25
  30. E. I. Timonin. Historical fate Russian emigration (1920 - 1945th). Omsk, Publishing house Sibadi, 2000. P.53-54
  31. Reports of the information of the Vienna Residency of the Foreign Department of the OGPU about the institutions created by General P. N. Vrangelem in Bulgaria (Message No. 753 / P of April 21, 1925) // Russian military emigration of the 20-40s of the 20th century. Documents and materials. Volume 6. Fight. 1925-1927 M., 2013. P.81-83
  32. R. Ernest Dupyui, Trevor N. Dupyui. World War History (in 4th TT.). Book 4 (1925-1997). Spb. - M.: Polygon; AST, 1998. p.64
  33. V. V. Alexandrov. The newest story European countries and America, 1918-1945. Tutorial For students of historical faculties. - M.: high school, 1986. - s. 250-251.
  34. Kaloyan Matev. The Armoured Forces of the Bulgarian Army 1936-45: Operations, Vehicles, Equipment, Organization, Camouflage & Markings. Helion & Company, 2015
  35. N. Thomas, K. Mikulan. Axis Forces in Yugoslavia 1941 - 45. London, Osprey Publishing Ltd., 1995. Page 46
  36. official website of the Vazov machine-building plant
  37. R. Ernest Dupyui, Trevor N. Dupyui. World War History (in 4th TT.). Book 4 (1925-1997). St. Petersburg, M., "Polygon - AST", 1998. p.64
  38. V. K. Volkov. Munich Credit and Balkan countries. M., "Science", 1978. p.75
  39. The liberation mission of the Soviet Armed Forces in the Balkans / T. ed. East. n. A. G. Khortykov. M., "Science", 1989. P.37
  40. V. K. Volkov. Munich Credit and Balkan countries. M., "Science", 1978. p.79
  41. V. K. Volkov. Munich Credit and Balkan countries. M., "Science", 1978. P.114-115
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The combination of all the troops of the Republic of Bulgaria, intended to protect freedom, independence and territorial integrity of the state, forms the Armed Forces of Bulgaria.

The Armed Forces of Bulgaria consist of land forces, naval forces, air force, military police, military information services, military topography services, communication services and communications, military-schools, the national guards part and the reserve of the Armed Forces.

By decree of the Council of Ministers No. 333 of December 29, 2010, a plan for the development of the Armed Forces of the Republic of Bulgaria was adopted, according to which the number of sun after 2014 is at least 37,100 people. In addition, there are about 300 thousand reservists in the country. The recruitment of the armed forces was made upon call. Bulgaria - NATO member since 2004.

Ground troops Bulgaria

Ground troops (SV) Bulgaria are the main component of the Armed Forces. After the reorganization of 2015, St. Bulgaria has the following composition: command of SV, two mechanized brigades (one of three, other of two battalions), a logistics regiment, an artillery regiment, engineering regiment, a regiment of special forces, an intelligence battalion, a separate mechanized battalion, a yachbz battalion (nuclear chemical biological protection), Battalion of civil military cooperation CIMIC, geographical support and psychological operations, the Educational Polygon "Koren". The list of land forces is at least 26,100 people.

In service with SV stands basically, the old Soviet technique. AK-47 / AR-M1 Bulgarian production machines are used as small arms. There are many portable anti-tank and anti-aircraft missile systems.

Unlike the Baltic countries, Bulgaria has heavy armored vehicles and even tactical missiles OTR-21 "Point" (18 units). Tanks are represented by various modifications T-72 (80 units, about 200 are still on conservation). The reserve contains 400 very "ancient" T-55am2 (state is unknown). A wide variety of armored vehicles: 150 units of BTR-60PB-MD1 and MT-LB, about 130 units of BMP-23 and BMP-1. There are 12 BRDM-2 intelligence machines and 24 self-propelled anti-tank complex "Competition" on the same basis.

In the supply of NATO, St. Bulgaria received 900 SUVs "Mercedes-Benz" G-class. 52 "Hammer", 25 armored SAND KET armored SUVs and four armored trucks of high patency "Makspro".

In service with artillery costs: more than five hundred 122-mm self-propelled Gaubitz 2c1 "carnation", about a hundred installations of the bm-21 of Grad. About two hundred 152-mm cannons of D-20 and more than one hundred 100 mm anti-tank guns MT-12. In stock More than two hundred Bulgarian self-propelled 120mm mortar "Tundja Sani". Bulgaria has a strong, albeit outdated ground air defense. In its composition: VSC C-75 (18 launchers), C-125 (30), C-200 (10), C-300PS (10). Air defense air defense includes at least 20 PU SQADE SPC, 30 "Circle", 24 "OSA", 20 "Strela-10"; Also 50 SPC "Strela-1" are on storage. Anti-aircraft artillery - 27 ZSSU 23-4 "Shilka", 100 ZSU-57-2, 300 PSU-23, 16C-60.

Naval

Bulgarian Navy - the genus of the Armed Forces. The main objective of the Navy is to ensure the inviolability of marine borders and the preservation of the sovereignty of the marine zone. Bulgarian Navy mainly consist of vessels of the second and third rank intended for coast guard and patrols.

The structure of the Navy is as follows: Fleet headquarters (Varna), Varna and Atia naval bases (in Burgas), three separate units (submarines, naval helicopters of air and marines), units to provide compounds, divisions for material and technical support; Naval Academy; Maritime training center.

In accordance with the requirements of reasonable sufficiency and defensive military doctrine, Bulgaria have a small, but modern and balanced fleet of about 3,500 people, including 260 people in naval aviation.

The Navy is in its composition three frigates of the type "Vilingen" of the production of Belgium, one frigate Ave. 1159, two Corvette 1241P Soviet buildings, one Soviet missile boat Ave. 1241 and four Ave. 205, one Belgian trailer of TIPAPERTIT, Six Soviet travelers Ave. 1259.2, three Ave. 1265, four Ave. 1258 and four Ave. 257, one landing ship of the Polish building Ave. 773. Sea aviation includes three French helicopters as.565. Six Soviet amphibian helicopters Mi-14 are in reserve.

AIR FORCE

The Air Force is in its composition five airbases: a fighter, assault air base of advanced based, transport, training and helicopter.

It is in service with 15 MIG-29 fighters, including three educational MiG-29Un, (four more MiG-29 are on storage) and 16 SU-25K attack aircraft (including Su-25 UBB, nine Su-25 are on storage). In addition, the reserve is 22 MiG-21.

The Air Force there is one plane of visual intelligence An-30, ten transport aircraft of various brands, nine training aircraft (three Czech L-39za, six Swiss RS-9M), all 19 Mi-24 combat helicopters (13 mi-24d. Six 24V) are derived from the combat composition of the Air Force and are on storage. The transport and multipurpose helicopters remained in the ranks - five Mi-17 (eight more on storage), four Mi-8, six Bell 206, 12 A5532AL.

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Armed Forces of the Warsaw Agreement. Bulgarian people's Army.. September 28th, 2017

Hello dear.
Last time, we remembered the Armed Forces of the VDR:
well, today we remember the Bulgarian People's Army.

In my opinion, deep conviction, it was probably the weakest of all the army of the Eastern Block. And this is due to the fact that the country was further removed from the likely the theater of hostilities, although the rear to call it difficult. She had their own tasks - the struggle against NATO's troops in Greece and work with Turkey.

Speaking of weakness, it is necessary to understand that this is a relative question. At Bulgarian People's Republic It was enough forces and money, especially at current times :-) Just IMHO they were asleepy and the Germans, and Chekhov, and Romanians and Hungarians.
Well, another moment. In Bulgaria, there were no parts of the Soviet Army at all, and this is also quite significant, agree?

As in the First World War, the second Bulgaria began as an opponent of our country. Of course, it was the weaker link among the Satellites of Reich, and Bulgarians did not fight against on and at all. There are rumors there are about one part, but in general, there is nothing concrete. Well, as soon as RKKU came to her borders, they quickly made a military coup and moved to the side of the allies.
Therefore, in principle, we can say that the Bulgarian People's Army was created back in 1944. And even took part in the battles for Lake Balaton and Yugoslavia and Austria. It's funny that they fought in German technique. Our transferred to them just a trophy - and more convenient, and the Bulgarians were trained precisely on it. For example, Bulgarians on their "panther"


Post-war syseptation of the country affected the armed forces. It can be said that the Bulgarian People's Army went to the fortuer of the Soviet Army. At first, most officers were studied with us.
By the 1980s, the probe and a slender system of the Armed Forces of the NRB were developed.
The number was 152,000 people.

The army was divided by
- ground troops
- Air defense troops and air force
- Navy
And additional forces: building troops, rear structures and services, civil defense.
Border troops were subordinate to the Ministry of Internal Affairs.
In Bulgaria, there were 4 military schools of training officers and one Military Academy them. G. S. Rakovsky.
Subordinates the army was the Minister of People's Defense. The most famous minister was the general of the Dobry Dzhurov army.

The land forces numbered eight mechanized divisions and five tank brigades that had a sufficiently large number of tanks - 1900. The right of which only 100 were T-72. The rest of the T-62, T-55 and most importantly great amount T-34-85. In Czechoslovakia in 1968, Bulgarians were included in the "thirty parts".


There were a lot of BTR and BMP in the army.
Special emphasis was shared on the defense of the borders with Turkey and Greece. So the towers from the failed Soviet tanks, like the towers of German tanks Pz.III and PZ.IV, were used in the construction of fortification facilities in the Bulgarian-Turkish border.
The army in service was 8 complexes R-400 (SS 23) with coverage of 480 km,; 50 complexes of the R-300 "Elbrus" (SCUD) with the ability to establish nuclear warheads with coverage of 300 km; As well as tactical missile systems 9K52 "Moon" with coverage of 70 km with the possibility of installing nuclear warheads, 1 complex 9K79 "Point" (SS21) with coverage of 70 km.

Not bad were air defense. In service consisted of 26 anti-aircraft missile divisions armed with complexes: C-200 covered up to 240 km, 10 C-300 mobile installations with coverage of up to 75 km, 20 Mobile plants of SA-75 "Volkhov" with coverage of up to 43 km and SA-75 "Dvina" covered up to 29 km, 20 mobile complexes 2k12 "Cube" with coverage of up to 24 km, 1 anti-aircraft missile brigade System 2K11 "Circle" coverage with 50 km, 24 Mobile SPC "OSA" coverage with up to 13 km, 30 Mobile installations of C-125 "Pechora" with coverage of 28 km, 20 mobile complex 9K35 "Strela-Yusv" with 5 km coverage.

There were about 300 aircraft and helicopters in the air force. The basis was, of course, MiG-21, which was an overwhelming number, but there were modern boards - MiG-23, MiG-25 and even MiG-29. Plus about 50 Mi-24 helicopters.


In the Navy, serious funds were concentrated. The fleet included 2 squadronous minorities, 3 watchdogs, 1 frigate, 1 rocket corvette, 4 submarines, 6 rocket boats, 6 torpedo boats, 12 pursuers of submarines, several dozen mine barrels, basic and raid trails, patrol ships, landing shipsserving ships, boats and others;

coastal rocket complexes and coastal artillery 130 mm and 100 mm battery controlled by radar stations, marine helicopter squadron, naval sea aviation with 10 combat and 1 transportation machine, parachute, landing and diving parts, battalion marine infantry. Not bad.


The form as a whole was originally borrowed in the Soviet Army.

Gradually began to acquire their features and features with a focus on historical memory - cutting uniform, another color of matter, other buttercups, as well as their own special Bulgarian pilot, according to the type of Italian busy, about which we spoke here.