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Days of military glory and commemorative dates of Russia Project: "Earth and Heavenly Military. Education of the younger generation on the spiritual and moral traditions of the Russian

Completed: Students 8 Class MBOU Torn-Slobodskaya Osh Project Manager: Vakhlyaeva Tatyana Mikhailovna Days military glory Russia

On February 10, 1995, the State Duma of the Russian Federation adopted the law "On the Days of Military Fame (Victory Days) of Russia", which was signed by the President of the Russian Federation on March 13 of the same year.

April 18 - the day of the victory of the Russian warriors of Prince Alexander Nevsky over German knights on the Church of the Lake (Ice Battery, 1242).

September 21 - the day of the victory of Russian regiments led by the Grand Duke Dmitry Donskoy over the Mongol-Tatar troops in the Kulikovsky battle (1380).

November 7 - Moscow's liberation day by the forces of national militia under the leadership of Kuzma Minin and Dmitry Pozharsky from Polish Interventory (1612).

July 10 - the Victory Day of the Russian Army under the command of Peter the first over the Swedes in Poltava Battle (1709).

August 9 - day first in russian history Sea Victory of the Russian Fleet under the command of Peter first over the Swedes at Cape Gangeut (1714).

On December 24, the Day of Taking the Turkish Fortress I chemished by Russian troops under the command of A. V. Suvorov (1790).

September 11 - the Victory Day of the Russian Squadron under the command of F. F. Ushakov over the Turkish squadron at the Tendra Cape (1790).

September 8 - Day of the Borodino battle of the Russian army under the command of M. I. Kutuzov with the French army (1812).

December 1 - Victory Day of the Russian Squadron under the command of P. S. Nakhimov over the Turkish squadron at Cape Sinop (1853).

February 23 - the day of the victory of the Red Army over the Kaiser's troops of Germany (1918) - the Day of Defenders of the Fatherland.

December 5 - the day of the beginning of the counteroffensiveness of the Soviet troops against the German fascist troops in the battle near Moscow (1941).

February 2 - the day of the defeat of the Soviet troops of the German fascist troops in the Battle of Stalingrad (1943).

August 23 - the day of the defeat of the Soviet troops of the German fascist troops in Kursk battle (1943).

May 9 - Victory Day of the Soviet people in the Great Patriotic War 1941-1945 (1945).

The main forms of perpetuating the memory of Russian warriors who distinguished themselves in the battles related to the days of military glory of Russia are: perpetuating the days of the military glory of Russia, the organization of exhibitions, establishing on the places of military glory of memorial signs; preservation and arrangement of territories historically related to the exploits of Russian warriors who distinguished themselves in battles related to the days of military glory of Russia; publications in the media of materials related to the days of military glory of Russia; Assigning the names of national heroes, distinguished by the battles related to the days of the military glory of Russia, settlements, streets and squares, physico-geographical objects, military units, ships and courts.

State budget professional educational institution

Irkutsk region

"Cheremkhovsky Technical School of Industrial Industry and Service"

_____________________________________________________________________________

Scientific and practical conference "Kaleidoscope of student ideas"

Nomination: Practicoriented project

Subject:

"Days of the Military Glory of Russia"

Cyril Caves, Fedorov Victor

Group: ML-15/2

Course: First

Leader:

Tsykorkina L.N.

2016

Content page

    Introduction …………………………………………………………………………….4

    From the Federal Law "On the Days of Military Fame and Memorial

dates of Russia "……………………………………………………………………… ..5

    Days of military glory of Russia:

- April 18th - Victory Day of Russian warriors Prince Alexander Nevsky

over German knights on the Lake Chiction (Ice Bottom, 1242); ...... .6

- September 21 - Victory Day of the Russian regiments led by the Great

prince Dmitry Donskoy over Mongol-Tatar troops in

Kulikovsky battle (1380 year); ................................................................. 6

- November 4 - Day of national unity; ................................................... ..7.

- November 7 - Day of the military parade on Red Square

in the city of Moscow to commemoration of the twenty-fourth anniversary

The Great October Socialist Revolution (1941) ..................... 7

- July 10 - Victory Day of the Russian Army under the command of Peter

First over the Swedes in Poltava battle (1709); .............................8

- August 9. - day first in the Russian history of the sea victory

russian fleet under the command of Peter first over the Swedes

at Cape Gangeut (1714); ........................................................................8

- December 24 - The Day of Taking the Turkish Fortress Ishmael Russian

troops under the command of A.V. Svorov (1790); ………………………….8

- 11 September

FF Shushakov over the Turkish squadron at the Tender Cape (1790); ……………… .9

- 8 September - Day of the Borodino battle of the Russian army under

command of M.I. Kutuzov with the French army (1812); ……………… ..9

- December 1 - Victory Day of the Russian Squadron under the command

P.S.Nakhimov over the Turkish squadron at Cape Sinop (1853); ………………..10

- February 23 - Defender of the Fatherland Day; ………………………………………10

- 5th of December - The beginning of the beginning of the counteroffensiveness of the Soviet troops against

german fascist troops in the battle near Moscow (1941); ………………11

- February 2

troops in the Stalingrad battle (1943); ................................................ 11

- August 23 - the day of the defeat of the Soviet troops of the German fascist

troops in Kursk battle (1943); .........................................................................1.1

- January 27. - Day of removal of the blockade of the city of Leningrad (1944); .................12

- 9th May - Victory Day of the Soviet people in the Great Patriotic

war 1941-1945 (1945) ........................................................................13

    Conclusion …………………………………………………………………………...14

    List of used literature ……………………………………………..15

Introduction

"No one is forgotten, and nothing is forgotten.

Does not cross the memory of the heroes of the names ... "

Special "Victorian Days" were established by the Russian Orthodox Church (from Victoria in the Roman mythology of the goddess of Victory). These were the days when the Russian society gave tribute to the military feat, the glory and valor of their defenders.

Resting one of the best Russian traditions, February 10, 1995. The State Duma Russian Federation Adopted the law "On the Days of Military Glory". In the Federal Law "On the Days of Military Fame (Victory Days) of Russia" it is indicated that in all centuries heroism, the courage of warriors, the power and glory of Russian weapons were an integral part of the greatness Russian state. Further, the law states that the days of military glory of Russia are the days of glorious victories that played a decisive role in the history of the country and in which Russian troops have earned their honor and respect for contemporaries and the grateful memory of descendants.

We, the younger generation of Russians, are obliged to remember and holy honors the heroic past of our people, because at all times the ancestors were inspired by one generation of Russian warriors for tactful feats in dashing for our fatherland

A lot is written about the days of the military glory of works, poems, songs.

We decided to create our own, a short version of the historical story about the Days of the Military Glory of Russia so that each student, having familiarized himself with him, knew the heroic dates of our story, received a holistic idea of \u200b\u200bthe days of the military glory of Russia, because as not to us, the younger generation to be Continue the glorious traditions of our ancestors warriors.

From the Federal Law

"On the days of military glory and commemorative dates of Russia"

Adopted State Duma February 10, 1995.

The history of Russia is rich in significant events. In all centuries, heroism, the courage of the soldiers of Russia, the power and glory of Russian weapons were an integral part of the greatness of the Russian state ... This Federal Law establishes the Days of the Glory of Russian Weapons - the days of military glory (victory days) of Russia (hereinafter - the days of military glory of Russia) to commemorate the glorious victories Russian troops who played a decisive role in the history of Russia ...

Article 1. Days of military glory of Russia

The following days of military glory are established in the Russian Federation:

April 18th - Victory Day of the Russian warriors of Prince Alexander Nevsky over German knights on the Church of the Lake (Ice Battery, 1242);

September 21 - the day of the victory of the Russian regiments led by the Grand Duke Dmitry Donskoy over the Mongol-Tatar troops in the Kulikov Battle (1380 year);

November 7. - Day of the military parade on Red Square in Moscow to commemoration of the twenty-fourth anniversary of the Great October Socialist Revolution (1941)

July 10. - the day of the victory of the Russian Army under the command of Peter first over the Swedes in Poltava battle (1709);

August 9. - Day of the first in the Russian history of the Sea Victory of the Russian Fleet under the command of Peter first over the Swedes at Cape Gangut (1714);

December 24th - The Day of Taking the Turkish Fortress I chemished by Russian troops under the command of A.V. Svorov (1790);

11 September - the day of the victory of the Russian squadron under the command of F. F. Ushakov over the Turkish squadron at the Tender Cape (1790);

8 September - Day of the Borodino battle of the Russian army under the command of M.I. Kutuzov with the French army (1812);

December 1 - Victory Day of the Russian Squadron under the command of P.S.Nakhimov over the Turkish squadron at Cape Sinop (1853);

February 23 - Defender of the Fatherland Day;

5th of December - The beginning of the beginning of the counteroffensiveness of the Soviet troops against the German fascist troops in the battle near Moscow (1941);

February 2 - the day of the defeat of the Soviet troops of the German fascist troops in Stalingrad battle (1943);

August 23 - the day of the defeat of the Soviet troops of the German fascist troops in the Kursk battle (1943);

January 27. - Day of removal of the blockade of the city of Leningrad (1944);

9th May - Victory Day of the Soviet people in the Great Patriotic War of 1941-1945 (1945)

April 18 - the day of the victory of the Russian warriors of Prince Alexander Nevsky over German knights on the Church of the Lake.

Ice breaking - this is a battle on ice Child Lakewhich took place on April 5 at the old style 1242g. Between Russian soldiers and German knights - Crusaders, completed by the brilliant victory of Rusich, led by an outstanding commander Alexander Yaroslavich, called Nevsky for a brilliant victory over Swedish warriors on the Neva River in 1940.

Ice rapidity is one of the outstanding battles of the Middle Ages. The Russian army surpassed the enemy in the military organization and the tactics of the battle, showed a high valor and courage. The victory threw the aggressive plans of the Crusaders and for many years secured the Western borders of Russia.

The struggle with the Germans continued on and on, but they could not already put any significant harm to the Russian lands, and Pskov remained a formidable stronghold, which all the subsequent attacks of the Germans were broken. Another important consequence of the ice entrance should be assessed within general Rus in the 40s. XIII century In the event of the defeat of Novgorod, the real threat to the seizure of the North-Western Russian land for the orders of the Order would be created, and if we consider that Russia was already conquered by Mongol-Tatars, then to get rid of the dual oppression of the Russian people, it would probably be twice as harder.

September 21 - the day of the victory of Russian regiments led by the Grand Duke Dmitry Donskoy over the Mongol-Tatar troops in the Kulikovsky Battle (1380 year)

Kulikovskaya battle of 1380 - the most important event in the history of medieval Russia, in many respects determined further fate Russian state. The battle on the Kulikov field served as the beginning of the liberation of Northeast Rus from Iga Golden Horde and forever entered the history of Russia. The victory in the Kulikov field is associated, first of all, named Prince Dmitry Donskoy, who appears before us in the form of a defender of Russia and the Great Communion. On September 6, 1380, the Russian army came up to the Don at the place of failure of the rivers in him.

The place where the army of the Grand Duke is located, was called a culish field. It was the shape of the horseshoe formed by Don and in front of it disappeared. The ends of the horseshoes were facing south. From there and came the army of Mama, turning the gap between the ends of the horseshoe. On September 8, the Russian army began to unflow the Russian army in the thick of the prejudice fog. A total of six regiments were built: watchdog, advanced, big, shelves of the right and left hand and an appeal. The battle began around noon. The Tatars were cut and crushed the advanced shelves and went to the line of the main Russian forces. The center of the Big Regiment became the most intense battle. Ordans so violently attacked him, which was almost broken into two halves. Attacks and counterattacks were replaced by continuous oncoming battle, because because of crowded and retreat it was nowhere. As a beveled hay rank Russian infantry. Blood flowed like water, warriors died under the hooves and torn from the grindiness. A landing regiment led by Vladimir Serpukhovsky and Dmitry Volynsky with rage and terrible force hit the back and side by the broken orders. Skillful and experienced warriors beat the enemy with spears, chopped with swords. The panic of orders began. Mamay, who watched the battle with a high hill, appealed to flight

The period after death in 1584 Tsar Ivan the Terrible and until 1613, when the first sovereign from the Romanov dynasty - Mikhail Fedorovich reigned in the Russian throne, entered the story as Time of Troubles. The country was alternately ruled the son of the Grozny Fedor Ivanovich, the former Ochrichnik of Grozny Boris Godunov, then Lhadmitry I, who was actually a small nobleman from Galic. After the murder of the impostor in May 1606, a representative of the ancient boyars of Vasily Shuisky became the king as a result of the Boyarsky conspiracy. But he was overthrown in July 1610, and the country began to rule the boyars government - Semiboyarschina, led by Prince Fedor Mstislavsky.

Faced with the threat of a power coming to the power of the new impostor - Falseedmitriy II, Boyarskaya Duma offered Russian throne to the son of Polish king Sigismund III Vladislav. At their invitation to Moscow, an eight thousand Polish army was included. In March 1611, the uprising against the Poles broke out in Moscow. But on the second day, the Poles were suppressed uprising.

In the autumn of 1611, the People's Movement for the liberation of Moscow and the whole country rose to the new force. Its center became Nizhny Novgorod. An important role in the organization of the national militia was played by a local merchant Kuzma Minin. Dmitry Pozharski was invited to guide combat actions.

After a series of fighting, popular militia was assigned by China City. On November 4, 1612, the Konnya Fisoshsky and Posek Street mini militia freed the Kremlin from Polish Interventory.

November 7 - Day of the military parade on Red Square in Moscow to commemoration of the twenty-fourth anniversary of the Great October Socialist Revolution (1941)

On November 7, 1941, a traditional parade of the Moscow garrison troops took place in Moscow on Red Square to commemorate the 24th anniversary of the Great October Socialist Revolution. Opening a solemn procession, cadets pass by the Mausoleum in a clear and even building. All as before the war, but now on the young men it is not a parade, but hiking uniforms, and the peasons are filled with combat cartridges.

The Troops of the NKVD of the USSR are coming, infantry battalions, rifle units. The commanders and political workers are clearly marched ahead. By concluding a solemn procession, fighter battalions formed from the works of Moscow are passing by Mausoleum. Cavalry joins the square. Under the squadrons with a crash, machine-gun taccans are carried. Motorized infantry passes. Completing the march military equipmentThe area filled tanks. The passage of tanks the parade was completed.

The troops participating in the parade on Red Square, after the parade returned to the fulfillment of their usual combat missions - combat schools, construction defensive frontiers, protection of the airspace of Moscow, the breakdown of the garrison and guard service in the capital.

Unparalleled in history, a military parade has had a huge impact on strengthening the moral and political state of the Soviet people and its armed forces.

July 10 - Victory Day of the Russian Army under the command of Peter first over the Swedes in Poltava Battle (1709)

In 1700, Russia began his age-old struggle for the Baltic lands forcibly rejected by her. This struggle lasted for two decades and received the name of the Northern War (1700-1721). On November 18, 1700, Karl approached the Russian positions and the Russian shelves turned into an escape attack.

But the genius, the energy and will of Peter the Great has already changed the situation: before the Swedes stood a new Russian army, with new artillery, weapons and new uniforms.

In the spring of 1707, the Swedish army began to move from Saxony to Poland, and no one had no secret that the closest goal of Charles would be a trip to Moscow. Karl's attempts to open their way to the road, fell into Moscow. In early April 1709, he focuses his army in Poltava.

July 10, 1709 occurred Poltava battleending with the full victory of the Russian army. As a result of the battle, the land of the Swedish army actually ceased to exist.

August 9 - day first in the Russian history of the Sea Victory of the Russian Fleet under the command of Peter first over the Swedes at Cape Gangeut (1714)

The interests of Russia and its allies demanded a speedy ending of the war with Sweden, which continued to dominate the sea. Therefore, the Center for Military Action was transferred to Baltic.

The 514 campaign was the first to begin the Swedish fleet. Already by April 25, the Swedish ships occupied positions from the Gangut Peninsula. And the Russian squadron was waiting for the moment when east End Finnish bay free from ice. On July 23, a half thousand soldiers began to do the flooring in the very narrow place of the peninsula to drag light galleys from his east side to the Western and thus the enemy lead to Confucusia.

This event is Sorvalo initial Plan Swedes who intended to attack Russian ships right in the bay. Russian courts began an active attack of the Swedish Fleet. Under continuous firing, Russian ships, skillfully maneuvering, rapidly and stubbornly moved forward. Several Russian gallers came close to the Galem of the left flank of the Swedish line and clung to them. A brutal boarding battle began, in which the Russian fleet courage and M askey.

The victory of the Russians was complete. The gangut victory meant a large fracture in the war of the sea. The strongest Swedish fleet, washed with glory to be successful, suffered a serious defeat from the very young Russian fleet.

December 24 - the day of taking the Turkish fortress I chewed by Russian troops under the command of A.V. Suvorova (1790 year)

During one of the Russian-Turkish wars (1787-1791), Russian troops under the command of General-Annef A. V. Suvorov, showed courage during the storming of the fortress Izmail on December 24, 1790.

Built under the guidance of French and German engineers, the fortress Izmail was considered impregnable. She was defended by a 35 thousandth garrison with 265 guns. The assault, which was preceded by a long-term artillery preparation, began at 5 o'clock. 30 minutes. And ended at 16 o'clock the taking Izmail and the complete destruction of the garrison.

Turks lost 26 thousand people killed, 9 thousand captive, all artillery, 345 banners, Russians - 4 thousand people killed and 6 thousand people were wounded. The capture of Izmail allowed Russian troops to gain peace in the lower reaches of the Danube.

The fall of the fortress Izmail forced Turkey to conclude peace with Russia.

September 11 - Victory Day of the Russian Squadron under the command of F. F. Ushakova over the Turkish squadron at the Tender Cape (1790)

"The winner of all Russian enemies on the seas ..." - so called Emperor Alexander I Fedor Fedorovich Ushakov (1745-1817), Admiral, outstanding fleet of Russia. Madly brave, owner of the noble heart, contemporary and friend A.V. Suvorov. Much combined two commander. Both are the heroes of the Russian-Turkish wars and the first war of Russia with France, both - the creators of the school of commander art, from which the Feldmarshal Kutuzov and Admiral Senyavin came out, both treated with respect for soldiers and sailors, which at that time was considered to be represented for officer, both - invincible. Forty-sea battles on the account of the famous commander and not a single lesion.

The accession of the Crimea to Russia in 1783 and the strengthening of the Russian fleet on the Black Sea led to a significant exacerbation of Russian-Turkish relations. In August 1787, incited by England and France in August 1787, presented to Russia with ultimatum, but having received a decisive refusal, declared war and in September began hostilities on the Black Sea. On the Russian Plan Black Sea Fleet It was supposed to promote land forces, defend the coast of the Crimea from a possible landing and disrupt the communications of the enemy to the sea.

In the Russian-Turkish war, 1787 - 1791. The Black Sea Flot under the command of the counter-admiral F. F. Ushakov successfully promoted Russian land forces. One of essential events This war was the victory of the Russian squadron over the Turks at the Tendra Cape

September 8 - Day of the Borodino battle of the Russian Army under the command of M.I. Kutuzov with the French Army (1812)

After unsuccessful for the Russian army of military campaigns 1805, 1806 and 1807, French Emperor Napoleon began to dispose of Europe as at home. To invade Russia, Napoleon prepared a huge army called Great. In the Strategic Plan of Napoleon, Moscow became the main operational direction. On the night of June 11 to 12, the French troops began to transfer through Neman to Russian land. In the area of \u200b\u200bthe village of Borodino, the commander-in-chief of the Russian army M. I. Kutuzov decided to give the General Battle of Napoleon. On September 6, both sides were preparing to battle. French troops with a cry "Long live the emperor!" rushed at the offensive.

Seven times the French attacked flush, but every time their attacks were broken about the resistance and courage of Russian warriors. In the last, eighth, Napoleon attack threw 45 thousand people, supporting them with fire 400 guns. The real slaughter began. Napoleon seemed that his victory was already in his hands. At about 9 o'clock 30 minutes, Kutuzov sent the Cavalry Corps to commit a sabotage on the left flank French in order to delay part of their strength from the Russian left flank. The suspension of enemy attacks by two hours allowed the Russian command to tighten the reserves, regroup the forces and prepare for further defense. After restoring the position on its left flank, Napoleon resumed the attacks of the Raevsky battery and the price of severe losses was able to capture it. Attempts to break through the Russian front at Semenovsky ravine turned out to be unsuccessful - Russian Guards regiments under the drum fight moved to the enemy cavalry and overturned her bayonets.

By 18 o'clock, the attacks of the French stopped over the entire line. A terrible picture was a Borodino field after the battle. Thousands of killed lay piles. For the first time in the decades, Napoleon saw the field, where for 10 hours the battle fell from two sides almost 100 thousand people. For the first time, the trophy banners did not carry him, did not lead the prisoners, for the first time I did not hear victory clicks and flattery.

December 1 - Victory Day of the Russian Squadron under the command of P.S. Nakhimova over the Turkish squadron at Cape Sinop (1853)

New heavy test Russian people suffered during the Crimean War 1853-1856. It was a war between the coalition of Turkey, England, France on the one hand and Russia - on the other hand, to defend their economic and political interests on the Black Sea, strengthen the influence in the Balkans.

On the Black Sea, the Russian fleet blocked the power of the Turkish fleet. In the Sinop Bay (December 1, 1853), a squadron under the command of P. S. Nakhimov, thanks to the heroism and arable for Russian sailors, fleeting skills, decisive and initiative actions of the ship's commanders, destroyed the Turkish squadron.

It was the last major battle of the Epoch of the Sailing Fleet. Crimean War Ended the so-called Paris world, under the terms of which Russia lost the right to have a fleet on the Black Sea. But the Russian people always found the strength not to fall in spirit, to fight the enemy and not give up.

Immediately after the victory of the armed uprising of the Bolsheviks in Petrograd on November 7-8, 1917, the Soviet authorities had to fight not only with internal enemies, but also external - the first world War, I. martialctions Whether in Russia.

The Soviet government to protect the Soviet state from Kaiserovskaya Germany began to organize regular armed forces. January 28, 1918 Chairman of the Council People's Commissar V. I. Ulyanov (Lenin) signed a decree "On the organization of the workers' and peasant Red Army (RKKKA), and on February 11, the decree" On the organization of the working and peasant red fleet "- (RKKF). In the Red Army and the Red Fleet were taken by workers, voluntarily An expressive desire to serve in the ranks of the Armed Defenders of the Fatherland.

On February 18, 1918, Austro-Germanic (only German divisions were 39) and Turkish troops, treacherously violating a truce, concluded on December 15, 1917, invaded Soviet Russia and began the occupation of Ukraine, Belarus and Baltic.

February 21, German troops captured Minsk. On this day, the Soviet government appealed to the people with the appeal "Socialist Fatherland in danger!".

On February 23, in Petrograd, the Day of the Red Army was held under the slogan of protecting the socialist Fatherland from the "Kaisero troops". Only in Petrograd, tens of thousands of volunteers rose to the enemy. The newly formed parts of the Red Army immediately entered the battle against the German troops.

From 1922 on February 23, he acquired the character of a large national holiday as the birthday of the Red Army. On February 22, 1922, a parade of the Moscow garrison troops took place on Red Square, and in the evening - a solemn meeting of the Moscow Council together with representatives of the military units of the Moscow garrison.

December 5 - the day of the beginning of the counteroffensiveness of the Soviet troops against the German fascist troops in the battle near Moscow (1941)

The battle near Moscow lasted a total of about seven months (September 30, 1941 - April 20, 1942) and was the largest battle in World War II. On both sides, more than 3 million people participated in it, up to 3 thousand tanks, more than 2 thousand aircraft, St. 22 thousand guns and mortars.

During the counterattack near Moscow by the forces of the Western troops (commander - Colonel-General G. K. Zhukov), Kalininsky (Commander - Colonel-General I. S. Konev) and Bryansky (Commander - Colonel-General Ya. T. Cvevichenko) Fronts The "Center" armies were defeated. 38 Hitler's divisions were defeated. Especially large losses suffered tank joints of the enemy who was given a decisive role in the war.

As a result of the counteroffensive and the overall, the enemy was discarded to the West for 150- 400 km. Liquidated the threat of capturing of Moscow, the position of Leningrad was facilitated. Were liberated from the invaders of Moscow, Tula, partly a number of other areas, breaking Blitzkrig, the defeat of the German-fascist troops in the battle near Moscow marked the beginning of a rooted fibony in the war.

February 2 - the day of the defeat of the Soviet troops of the German fascist troops in the Battle of Stalingrad (1943)

February 2, 1943 ended offensive Soviet troops in the Stalingrad battle. During the counter-project under Stalingrad, the troops of the South-Western (Commander-General Lieutenant N. F. Vatutin), Stalingradsky (Commander-Genoral-Colonel A. I. Eremenko) and Donskoy (Commander - K. K. Rokossovsky) Fronts, reflected attempted The German group of the "Don" armies, to free the troops surrounded in Stalingrad, put a crushing defeat. The remains of the 6th German army (91 thousand people) led by the Commander of General-Field Marshal F. Paulus February 2, 1943 surrendered. The total losses of the enemy in the Stalingrad battle amounted to 1.5 million people. This victory made a decisive contribution to the development of a radical fracture in the war.

August 23 - the day of the defeat of the Soviet troops of the German fascist troops in the Kursk battle (1943)

To carry out the operation under the Kursk who received the name "Citadel", the enemy was concentrated: 50 divisions, incl. 16 tank, Army Group "Center" and Army Group "South"; Over 900 thousand people, about 10 thousand guns and mortars, up to 2700 tanks and assault guns and more than 2 thousand aircraft. An important place in the intent of the enemy was assigned to the massive application of new military equipment - Tiger tanks and Panther, new aircraft.

Beginning on July 5, 1943 by the offensive of the German fascist troops against the North and southern Fahov Kursk protrusion Soviet command contrasted strong active defense. On July 12, Soviet troops, exhausting the enemy, moved to counteroffensive. On this day, the largest oncoming tank battle of the Second World War (up to 1,200 tanks and self-propelled guns on both sides) occurred in the Prokhorovka railway station. Developing offensive, Soviet ground troopsSupported from the air by the massive blows of two air armies and aviation of long-range action, by August 23, the enemy was thrown to the West to 140-150 km, the eagle was released, Belgorod and Kharkov.

Wehrmacht lost in the Kursk battle of 30 selected divisions, including 7 tanks, over 500 thousand soldiers and officers, 1.5 thousand tanks, more than 3, 7 thousand aircraft, 3 thousand guns. Victory under Kursk and then in the battle for the Dnieper completed the root fracture in the Great Patriotic War and became the determinant factor in the fracture of the course of the Second World War.

January 27 - Day of removal of the blockade of the city of Leningrad (1944)

In their plans of the war against the USSR in 1941, German leaders were of particular importance to the take of Leningrad. Already on the night of June 23, 1941, the enemy aviation first time bombed Leningrad. The flame of war came close to the city on the Neva. In this extremely heavy and dangerous atmosphere, the construction of defensive structures around Leningrad unfolded.

I have not been able to capture Leningrad to a frontal blow, the fascist troops attempted to close the second ring around it to cut the narrow strip of the water space of the Lake Lake, according to which the population of the huge city, the troops of the front and fleet was carried out. The German fascist command decided to break the defenders of Leningrad by the blockade, barbaric artillery shelling and bombing from the air. The shelling began always suddenly, and when people went to work or returned at the end of the shift home, when the streets were filled with the people, the enemy opened a hurricane fire.

Siege put in an extremely difficult situation to supply the city with weapons, appliances, ammunition, fuel, electricity, raw materials, food. It was decided to reduce the breadpord. Hunger was aggravated by the efforts of severe frosts (up to - 30 s). All this sharply increased mortality among the population of the city. There was only one way out - construction on ice Ladoga Winter Road, which was called expensive life. It delivered ammunition, food, evacuated in the rear of the countries industrial equipment, material and cultural values.

January 18, 1943 by the forces of the 1st separate battalion of the 123rd Rifle Brigade Leningrad Front And the 1st battalion of the 1240th regiment of the 372th rifle division of the Volkhov Front was cleaned from the enemy's troops The southern coast of the Lake Ladoga and thereby brought through Leningrad's blockade, the direct land connection of the city with the country was restored. On January 27, 1944, the blockade of Leningrad was completely lifted and irrevocably lifted. In honor of the heroic defenders of Leningrad around the city, a fabric of glory with a length of more than 200 kilometers was created (this was the perimeter of the blockade ring).

May 9 - Victory Day of the Soviet people in the Great Patriotic War 1941 - 1945

Soviet army It was necessary to fulfill the liberation mission in the countries of Eastern Europe and destroy fascism in his lair - Berlin.

By mid-April 1945, the main groups of German fascist troops were defeated on the Soviet-German front, almost all Poland, Hungary, the eastern part of Czechoslovakia and Austria with her capital of Vienna were liberated. The last decisive battle was coming - for Berlin.

Early in the morning of May 1, a red banner was shot above the defeated Reichstag, on May 2, the fascist garrulis of Berlin capitulated. On May 9, the Soviet troops released the rebels against the invaders Prague - the capital of Czechoslovakia. War in Europe ended.

In the late evening of May 8, in a specially prepared hall of the Military Engineering School in Karlshort, representatives of the German High Command signed an "act of military surrender".

On the day of Victory on May 9, 1945, Moscow on behalf of the Motherland, 30 artillery volley from a thousand guns salute, the troops of the Red Army, parts and ships of the navy in honor of the event, which will remain forever in the memory of generations of Russians and all mankind.Our people made an unparalleled feat - surrendered and won in a cruel bloody war.

Conclusion

Performed in the short lines, which contain the centuries-old history of the Russian military, holy loved her native land and did not sparing his life in the name of her freedom and independence, we are amazing the number of tests that have dropped out our country. The stronger our pride for the historical past of Russia, which we must remember, transmit from generation to generation and multiply.

We did only the first step in the study of the fighting past of our Motherland. Work on the project will continue, attracting other students to this important educational area. After all, each of us should be prepared in any difficult period for the country to stand up on its protection and continue the holy case of our heroic ancestors.

In any century, a simple soldier,
At the peak of a spear and the trunk of the machine
On an ancient shield and under flag ,
Their exorbitant glory rests.
Go straight in eternity Simple guys,
Great Russian native soldiers.
Without fear and pain, and a loud word,
Without the shadow of doubt and with faith in God.
Leaving debt jeques
Their feat and fame do not require a sense.
Let everyone did not have time, and life was brief,
But also loved, and passionately, and sweet.
And, in a short moment, making the choice of one,
Men die for peaceful life.
And no matter how many years have passed, but believe me: Dronov S.G. Russian history. - M., 2013.

    Ivanov A.N. Slava will not make these days ... - M., 2010.

    Protasov G.N. Victory Days of Russia. - M., Enlightenment, 2009.

    Grade 10

    Approximate project duration

    2 classes

    1 lesson:

    Acquaintance with basic concepts;

    Discussion of problematic issues;

    Creating working groups;

    Discussion of learning issues;

    Familiarity with the list of literature and Internet resources;

    Terms of consultation.

    2 lesson:

    Project protection;

    Discussion, discussion;

    Reflection;

    Self-assessment and external evaluation of the project.

    The basis of the project. Educational standards

    The course "Basics of Life Safety" in the main educational school is aimed at achieving the following goals:

  • mastering knowledge about healthy education life; about dangerous and emergency situations and basics of safe behavior in their occurrence;
  • developmentthe qualities of the person necessary to keep a healthy lifestyle, ensure safe behavior in dangerous and emergency situations;
  • educationsense of responsibility for personal safety, value attitude towards their health and life;
  • mastering skills Anticipate potential dangers and actually act in case of their offensive, use the means of individual and collective protection, provide first medical care.

After participating in the project, students should achieve these purposes. And considering that state standard The priority suggests the priority of an activity approach to the learning process (project method this approach and forms), schoolchildren will still develop wide complexes of common educational and subject skills, mastering the methods of activity that form cognitive, information, communicative competence.

Didactic goals / expected learning outcomes

Each people have their own cherished pages of history, their heroic names that will never be forgotten. In the history of our country, the days of glorious victories are insisted forever, in which Russian troops have earned the honor, respect for contemporaries and the grateful memory of the descendants. Images of heroes, like stars in the sky, highlight the historical path of our people, serve for descendants with sacrificial service sacrifices of our Fatherland. Many young Russians want to be similar to the validity of these lighthouses, continue their business and root traditions. . The goal of the project is to show the value of the memorable dates of Russia in the memory of descendants.

Questions guiding project

The fundamental question

The value of the days of the military glory of Russia's memory of the descendants.

Problem issues of educational theme

What days of military glory of Russia are established by law?

What is the meaning of these days for Russia and, in particular, the younger generation?

Curriculum

What is the historical basis of the victorious days of Russia?

Man and his role in the historical development of the people?

Publication of teacher

Presentation of the teacher to identify the ideas and interests of students

Presentation

Example of product project activities Students

Presentations of students in groups

Evaluation plan

Graph rating

Before work on the project,chanits work on the project and perform tasks.

After completing the project

Development of a project task:

  • the choice of project theme;
  • highlighting the subject in the project topic;
  • formation of creative groups;
  • formulating issues, task for commands.

1. Mozgovaya Attack

2. Independent search engine work in accordance with your task

3. Intermediate discussion, collection and data processing

1. Project protection, discussion.

2. Reflection.

3. Self-esteem, external assessment.

Description of the estimation methods

When carrying out the project, standard tools were used to ensure feedback, reflection and training are full-time communication and email. The final estimation is carried out in the form of protection on which all project participants are present. At the end of the project protection. Self-assessment of the results of work is carried out, and then the estimation of the project by other participants (the scheme of the self-analysis and analysis of the work is offered to the project participants at the beginning of work). The protection and estimation of the project reflexion is completed. Product learning activities Pupils is a presentation

Project information

Necessary primary knowledge, skills, skills

For the project, students should know the Federal Law No. 32 - FZ of March 13, 1995 "On the Days of Military Glory (Victory Days) of Russia".

At the beginning of the draft, students should own basic research methods (literature analysis, search for sources of information, collecting and processing data, scientific explanation obtained results, vision and nomination of new problems, hypotheses, methods for their solution); Communicative skills; Integrate the knowledge gained in various subjects studied at school.

Training activities

Stages of the organization and implementation of the project

1. Development of the project task: the choice of the topic of the project, the allocation of the sub flow in the topic of the project,

formation of creative groups, formulating questions, task for teams.

2. Summage of search work in accordance with your task

3. Intermediate discussion, collection and processing of data, intermediate assessment of the project.

4. Registration of project activities

5. Project protection, discussion.

6. Reflection.

7.Samoctional, external assessment.

Differential learning materials

Student with issues of assimilation educational material (Problem student)

For weakly motivated students, the teacher organizes individual advice. Since this project involves working in groups, then they are formed taking into account the various preparedness of students, therefore, on some issue, assistance can be obtained within the group.

The student for which the language of teaching is not native:

Help teachers foreign languageOf course, it will be needed if the project is designed to attract students of such a category.

Gifted student:

The material for the project is selected by each student depending on its preparedness, so the selection of the research depth depends on it itself. The teacher conducts advice, gives the necessary recommendations.

Materials and resources required for the project:

Camera, laser disk, computers, printer, digital camera, scanner.

Technologies - Software

Image processing programs, text editors, programs email, multimedia systems, other reference books on CD-ROM

printed materials

Tutorials, methodological manuals, textbooks, laboratory manuals, reference material, etc.

1. Basova, N. V. Pedagogy and practical psychology. - Rostov N / D: "Phoenix", 1999. - 416 p.

2. Bachevsky, V.I. The system of military-patriotic education of minor citizens: a teaching and methodological manual under the section "OVS". - M.: LLC "Editorial Board" Military Knowledge ", 2001. - 186 p.

3. Propyova, N. K. Military-patriotic education of children and adolescents as a means of socialization / N. K. Bespenova, D. E. Yakovlev. - M.: Iris-Press, 2006. - 192 p.

4. Butorina, T. S. Patriotism Education by means of education / T. S. Butorina, N. P.Ochinnikova - St. Petersburg: Karo, 2004. - 224 p.

5. Vorontsov, V. L. Power of Knowledge. - M.: Publishing House "Knowledge", 1979. - 380 p.

6. Heroic-patriotic education at school: children's associations, museums, clubs, circles, search engines /AVT. T. A. Oorshkin. - Volgograd: Teacher, 2007. - 122 p.

7. The State Program "Patriotic Education of Citizens of the Russian Federation for 2001-2005".

8. State Program "Patriotic Education of Citizens of the Russian Federation for 2006-2010".

9. Kasimova, T. A. Patriotic education of schoolchildren: Methodological manual / T. A. Kasimova, D. E. Yakovlev. - M.: Iris press, 2005. - 64 p.

10. Lebedeva, O. V. Cool watches and conversations for education of citizenship: 5-10 classes. - M.: TC Sphere, 2005. - 192 p.

11. Remainting I.N. About project method. Pedagogical workshop 2004. - №4.

12. Mizikovsky. - M.: Enlightenment, 1990. - 237 p.

13. Nikolaev, G. G. Education of civil qualities of adolescents in children's public associations. - Ekaterinburg: Publishing House of the Urals. University, 2004. - 134 p.

14. Study seminars. Methodical support for competence learning. Publishing House "Teacher", 2008

15. Evaluation of the quality of graduates of medium (full) school on the basics of life safety. /AVT. G. A. Kolodnitsky, V. N. Vytchuk, V. V. Markov, S. K. Mironov, B. I.Mishin, M. I. Khabner. - M.: Drop, 2001. - 192 p.

16. Patriotic education: work system, planning, abstract lessons, training /AVT.- source. I. A. Pashkovich. - Volgograd: Teacher, 2006. - 169 p.

17. Project training - what is it? Methodist. - 2004. - №1.

18. Ushinsky, K. D. Selected pedagogical writings: in 2 tons. - M., 1974. T.2. - p.160.

19. Kharlamov, I. F. Pedagogy: studies. - M.: Higher. Shk., 1999. - 512 with

Other accessories

Accessories that need to order or prepare for use in the study project and which are characteristic of the training course. Do not turn on here ordinary materials that can be found in every class

Internet resources

List of web addresses required for project.

http://school-collection.edu.ru/

http://wikipedia.org/

http://slovari.yandex.ru/

http://letopisi.ru/

Other resources: Consultation with history teacher.

Project "Heroes of the Days of Military Glory"

Project passport

Project type: informational and practical oriented.

Duration of the project : long-term.

Project participants: children of the senior preschool age, educators, parents of pupils, kindergarten specialists.

Covered educational areas (oo): "Cognition", "Communication", "reading fiction", "artistic creativity", "Socialization", "Physical Culture", "Health".

Relevance of the topic: the software requirements for the organization of social and personal development of preschoolers are subordinated to the decision of the following tasks: to form civil affiliation, patriotic feelings (expand the ideas of children about the native country, public holidays); continue to expand the ideas about Russian army, about difficult and credibility to protect their homeland; Reliable respect for the defenders of the Fatherland, to the memory of the fallen fighters.

In connection with this one of priority areas Pedagogical team activities preschool institution Patriotic education of children was elected, in which work was organized to create a project "Heroes of the Days of Military Glory."

On February 10, 1995, the Federal Law "On the Days of Military Fame and Memorial Dates of Russia" was adopted by the State Duma. Why have these days have become memorable? They were glorified by the heroes of Russia at different times. About these heroes, children should know about their exploits.

The project work is conducted with their parents in order to adapt them to joint activity with kids. Education of morality among the younger generation is possible at the examples of the feats of our compatriots.

Objective of the project: educate love for homeland native edge, the desire to be a defender of the Earth, which was born and grew up, cause a sense of pride in compatriots who had influenced the course of history who served the Motherland; To form interest in collective, gaming, productive, creative, educational and research activities, as well as reading.

Project tasks:

Form tender, family, civil affiliation, patriotic feelings, sense of belonging to the world community; Wagate the family of a child with general interests to one case (00 "Socialization");

To form the perception of a holistic picture of the world, expand the horizons of children; introduce the names of the heroes of Russia, their exploits; give an idea of \u200b\u200bweapons and military uniforms of different times (OO "Cognition");

Develop free communication with adults and children, all components of the oral speech of children in various forms and types of children's activities (OO "Communication");

Attach to verbal art, develop art perception and aesthetic taste, acquaint with literary worksassociated with the topic of the project (00 "Reading fiction");

Develop the productive activities of children and children's creativity; Meet the works of painting related to the topic of the project (OO "Artistic Creativity");

To form initial ideas about a healthy lifestyle (OU "Health");

To form in pupils the need for motor activity and physical improvement (Physical culture).

Project system web:

1. The cycle of activities on the topic "Victory Day of the Russian regiments, led by the Grand Dame D. Donskoy over the Mongol-Tatar forces in the Kulikovsky battle of September 21, 1380."

3. The cycle of activities on the topic "December 1 - the Victory Day of the Russian Squadron under the command of P. S. Nakhimov over the Turkish squadron at Cape Sinop (1853)."

4. The cycle of activities on the topic "December 5 - the day of the beginning of the counteroffensiveness of the Soviet troops near Moscow (1941)."

5. The cycle of activities on the topic "On December 24 - the Day of Taking the Turkish Fortress I waspiled by the Russian troops under the command of A. V. Suvorov (1790)."

6. Final event by February 23, the Day of Defender of the Fatherland, - "Bogatyr competitions".

Estimated result in the education of integrative qualities: Children inquisitive, active, are interested in a new, unknown in the history of the Fatherland, ask questions to an adult, show more independence in different types Children's activity, in cases of difficulties turn to an adult.

Product of project activities:

ü "Dmitry Donsky's army" - collective art modeling.

ü "Our bells" - bells made in testor-stick technique.

ü Drawings of children "Portrait of the hero".

ü Collage "Russian SCADE".

ü Multimedia presentation "Innovative forms of work with family."


The project "Heroes of the Days of Military Glory" as an integrative didactic means of cognitive and patriotic education of children of senior preschool age.
Project type: information and practical oriented.
Duration of the project: long-term.
Project participants: Senior preschool children, educators, parents of pupils, kindergarten specialists.
Covered educational areas (OO): cognitive development, speech development, physical development, socio-communicative development, artistic and aesthetic development.
The relevance of the topic: Software requirements for the organization of social and personal development of preschoolers are subordinated to the decision of the following tasks: to form civil affiliation, patriotic feelings (expanding the ideas of children about the native country, about public holidays); continue to expand the ideas about the Russian army, about the difficult and credibility of protecting their homeland; Reliable respect for the defenders of the Fatherland, to the memory of the fallen fighters.
In this regard, one of the priorities of the pedagogical team of the preschool institution was elected patriotic education of children, within the framework of which work was organized to create a project "Heroes of the Days of Military Glory."
On February 10, 1995, the Federal Law "On the Days of Military Fame and Memorial Dates of Russia" was adopted by the State Duma. Why are days have become memorable? They were glorified by the heroes of Russia at different times. About these heroes, children should know about their exploits.
Work on the project is conducted with parents with the aim of adopting them to their joint activities with children. Education of morality among the younger generation is possible at the examples of the feats of our compatriots.
The goal of the project: to educate the love of the Motherland, the native land, the desire to be a defender of the Earth, on which he was born and grew up, cause a sense of pride in compatriots who have influenced the course of history who served the Motherland, to form interest in collective, game, productive, creative educational research activities , as well as reading.
Project tasks:
- form tender, family, civil affiliation, patriotic feelings, sense of belonging to the world community; Watching the family of a child with general interests to one case (Social-Communicative OO);
- to form the perception of a holistic picture of the world, expand the horizons of children; introduce the names of the heroes of Russia, their exploits; give an idea of \u200b\u200bweapons and military uniforms of different times (cognitive ");
- develop free communication with adults and children, all components of the oral speech of children in r..shind forms and types of childhood activities (OO "Racheva")
- to introduce to verbal art, develop art perception and aesthetic taste, to acquaint with literary works related to the topic of the project (artistic and aesthetic OO);
- develop the productive activities of children and children's creativity; To acquaint with the works of painting related to the topic of the project (OO "Artistic and aesthetic development");
- to form initial ideas about a healthy lifestyle (OU "Health");
- To form in pupils the need for motor activity and physical improvement (Physical Development OO).
Project content:
1. Cycle of activities on the topic "November 4 - the Day of People's Unity."
2. Cycle of activities on the topic "December 5 - the day of the beginning of the counteroffensiveness of the Soviet troops near Moscow (1941)."
3. Included event by February 23, the Day of Defender of the Fatherland, - "Bogatyr competitions".
4. Sequel: "Victory Holiday."
The estimated result in the education of integrative qualities: children inquisitive, active, are interested in a new one, unknown in the history of the Fatherland, ask questions to an adult, show more independence in various types of children's activities, in cases of difficulties turn to an adult.
Product of project activities:
"The joyful return of the Russian troops" is a collective artist.
"Our bells" - bells made in test plastic technique.
Drawings of children "Portrait of the Hero".
Multimedia presentation "Innovative forms of work with family."
System Paouth Project
Familiarization with works of fine art: painting, musical masterpieces
Interactions with families of pupils: meetings, joint events, trips to the museum, modeling Russian troops, compilation of collage, business game.
Productive activity: modeling, drawing, design and manual work
Project
"Heroes of the Days of Military Glory"
Gaming: Competition Games, Scene Role Games, Fizkultminutka
Physical culture: Fizkultminutka in class, moving plot-role games for walks
Reading fiction, acquaintance with artistic literature on the content of the project

Project structure
Cycle number Educational areas Theme cycle The contents of the cycle
1. OO: "Cognitive development". "Speech development". "Socially communicative." November 4 - the Day of People's Unity of the conversation "Minin and Pozharsky - Defenders of the Russian Earth".
Heading the poem S. Vasilyeva "Russia
2. OO: "Cognitive development", "Social-Communicative Development" "Artistic and Aesthetic Development" on December 5 - the day of the commencement of the Council of Soviet troops near Moscow (1941) drawing "Thank you by my grandfather for the victory"
3. OO: "Cognitive development".
"Socially communicative development",
"Artistic and aesthetic development", "Physical Development" Heroes of Russia Drawing "Portrait of the Hero". Discussion game with parents "Choose a distance"
4. OO: "Speech Development", "Socially - Communicative Development", "Physical Development", February 23 - Day of Defender of the Fatherland Family Cultural Leisure with parents "Bogatyrs"
5. "Cognitive development", "Speech Development", "Social-Communicative Development", "Artistic and Aesthetic Development", "Physical Development" The final event "Victory Holiday" Matinee dedicated to the Day of Victory with the participation of children and adults. (Demonstration of presentation )
Stages of work on the project
Stages Directly organized educational activities of children, educational activities carried out during the regime of the task of the term of implementation Interaction with families of pupils, independent activities of children Place and time
1 2 3 4 5 6
Stage 1 Parent-teacher meeting Enter parents in the problem. Familiarize the project implementation plan, demonstrate the existing material, recommendations for the work of the house. Distribute the project responsible for carrying out activities. The 3rd week of September participation in the meeting, the collection of material on the maintenance of the project. Including in the implementation of the project work at home, individually by its child. Musical hall, evening time
2 stage of the Day of People's Unity.
1. Cognitive lesson "Minin and Pozharski-protectors of the Russian land."
2. Testoplasty "Bell".
3. Heading the poem "Russia" S. Vasilyeva.
4. Reading poems about Russia to continue to acquaint children with the history of our homeland on the basis of concrete historical events and personalities; Awaken interest in the life of ancestors. Give a notion that despite the difficulties
Soldier's service, Russian warriors showed a smell.
have a sense of humor and did not lose, they inspired their love for their homeland 1st week
November Registration of the album "Bells". Joint productive activity
By laying the bell, its painting. Reading poems about Russia, learning of proverbs, reasoning about love for the Motherland Musical Hall.
3 Stage Heroes of Russia to organize a meeting of children with participants in hostilities. Give an idea of \u200b\u200bthe occupation times fascist troops December. Support of parents, participation in the event Musical Hall
4 Stage "Bogatyr contests" to conduct sports teams. To bring up in children the desire to be the defenders of the native land, strong, deft, bold. Watching families, learn to be a team and seek a common success to the day
Defender
Fatherland team from Dad and Sons Music Hall
5 stage
The final event "Victory Holiday". Continue to raise patriotic feelings in children: love, pride and respect for homeland, enrich the spiritual world of children through the appeal to the heroic past of our country to Victory Day children and adult music hall

Plan of work on the implementation of the project