Population nn. Population of the Nizhny Novgorod region: composition, number
The population of Nizhny Novgorod and Nizhny Novgorod region Like the population of any other region of the country, it can be classified and described according to a variety of factors. This includes abundance, density, ethnicity, age composition, and many other indicators. Each of them is important for determining the demographic situation in the region. Let's find out the composition of the population of the Nizhny Novgorod region according to different indicators.
Population
First of all, it is necessary to find out the population size of the Nizhny Novgorod region. After all, based on this indicator, most other demographic data are calculated. So, the population of the Nizhny Novgorod region today is 3260.3 thousand people, which is the eleventh largest indicator among 85 regions of Russia. In percentage terms, the number of residents of the Novgorod region is 2.22% of the population Russian Federation.
Population dynamics
It should be noted that until 1990 the population of the Nizhny Novgorod region was growing numerically, but in the subsequent period it began to decline. So, if in 1897 the population of the region was 1584.8 thousand people, then by 1970 it more than doubled and amounted to 3682.5 thousand people. Twenty years later, this figure was already equal to 3780.3 thousand people, but, as mentioned above, today it has dropped to 3260 thousand people.
1990 can be characterized as the point of demographic breakdown. It is characteristic that the population of Nizhny Novgorod and the Nizhny Novgorod region began to decrease exactly when the USSR collapsed and the country was undergoing political and economic changes. This fact could not but affect the demography. Moreover, the highest rate of population decline was observed from 1991 to 1995. During this time, the natural loss of residents increased 3.4 times. The highest mortality rate was observed in 2003 (69.9 thousand people), and the lowest birth rate - in 1999 (27.0 thousand people).
Since 2006, there has been a constant increase in the birth rate. Until 2010, the birth rate increased 0.2 times, at the same time, the death rate fell 0.15 times.
The area is currently being observed which is constantly increasing. This fact suggests that, in comparison with other regions of Russia, the standard of living in the Nizhny Novgorod region is at a fairly acceptable level.
At present, the population of the Nizhny Novgorod region continues to decrease in number, but the natural decline is also constantly decreasing in comparison with previous years. If this trend continues, soon we will again be able to observe a numerical increase in the inhabitants of the region.
Population density
The area of the region is 76,624 sq. km. Thus, by simple calculations, it can be established that the average population density of the Nizhny Novgorod region is 42.6 people / sq. km. This is the 23rd result out of 85 regions of the country. If we do not take into account the population density in the regions, the main territory of which is cities, then the Nizhny Novgorod region will be in 20th place. For comparison: in the most populated area country (Moscow) population density is 164.9 people / sq. km, and in the most deserted region (Chukotka Autonomous Okrug) - 0.1 people / sq. km.
So in the all-Russian statistics on population density, the Nizhny Novgorod region looks good. The area and population of this region are correlated in such a way that the number of people living here is higher than in a significant part of other subjects of the Federation.
Urbanization level
A very important demographic indicator is the level of urbanization. It will help to understand how the population of the Nizhny Novgorod region is distributed between the city and the village.
The number of inhabitants of the cities of this Volga region today it is about 2590.8 thousand inhabitants. At the same time, 669.5 thousand people live in the villages. The population is almost four times the rural population.
Thus, the percentage of the population between urban and rural areas is 79.5% and 20.5%, respectively. This suggests that the Nizhny Novgorod region is a rather urbanized region. Of course, in comparison with the Murmansk region or the Khanty-Mansi Autonomous Okrug, where the share of urban residents exceeds 90%, the indicator of the Volga region will seem not so high, but in comparison with the Republic of Ingushetia (41.3%), the Republic of Chechnya (34.8 %) and even more so with the Altai Republic (29.2%), it looks quite convincing.
Life span
One of the indicators that testify to the standard of living of the population is its expected duration. This indicator is sometimes mistakenly called average duration life, but this is not entirely true. Life expectancy is a projection of how long people born in a given year will live on average.
This indicator for the Nizhny Novgorod region in 2014 is 69.5 years, 12 months before that it was 69.4 years. It should be noted that life expectancy in this region as a whole has been growing since 2004, although in some years there has been a slight decline. The minimum life expectancy in the Nizhny Novgorod region was registered in 2003. Then she was 63.6 years.
It should be noted that in 2014 this indicator for women is 76 years, and for men - 63.3 years. For comparison: in Russia as a whole, the life expectancy of the population born in 2014 is 70.9 years. Moreover, for men - 65.3 years, and for women - 76.5 years. Thus, the indicator of life expectancy of the population in 2014 in the Nizhny Novgorod region was worse than in the country as a whole.
National composition
Now let's find out National composition inhabitants of the region. The population of the Nizhny Novgorod region is quite diverse in terms of ethnicity. The nationalities that represent the region are quite diverse. But among them the Russians stand out numerically. Currently, their number in the Nizhny Novgorod region is approximately 3110 thousand people, or 93.9% of the population of the entire region. Thus, this nationality has unconditional dominance in this subject of the Federation. This situation has persisted for more than one hundred years. I must say that for the XX-XXI centuries. the percentage of Russians to all residents of the region has never dropped below 92%.
Among the national minorities inhabiting the Nizhny Novgorod region, the Tatars are in the first place. This is due to the proximity of the region to the Republic of Tatarstan. The number of Tatars is about 44 thousand people, or 1.33% of the total population. In terms of the number of residents, Tatars are followed by Mordovians (0.58%), Ukrainians (0.53%), Armenians (0.4%) and Chuvash (0.29%).
Among the population of the Nizhny Novgorod region there are also such exotic peoples as Koreans and Yezidis, but their number is quite small and does not exceed several thousand people.
Religious composition
Now let's find out what the population of the Nizhny Novgorod region is in religious terms.
On the territory of the described subject of the Federation, there are quite a few different religious movements. In addition, Nizhny Novgorod is the administrative center of not only the region, but which, in turn, is the most multi-confessional region of the Russian Federation.
The majority of the region's population are Orthodox Christians. Their number at the moment reaches 76% of all residents of the region. Nizhny Novgorod even has its own metropolitanate, and the number of parishes in the region reaches 420. In addition, there are fifteen monasteries.
One of the currents of the Orthodox religion is the Old Believers. However, the official church believes this direction sectarian. At the same time, it is the Nizhny Novgorod region that is the cradle of this religious movement. It was here that the organizer of his ideology, Archpriest Avvakum, was born. Therefore, it is natural that it is in this region, in comparison with other subjects of the Federation, that the traditions of the Old Believers remain quite strong. The community of Old Believers is especially numerous in the Koverninsky district.
Members of other Christian denominations are also found in the region. These are representatives of various Protestant movements: Baptists, Pentecostals, Seventh-day Adventists, Lutherans and other, younger churches. Protestant traditions have been strong in the region since the time of the settlement of these places by the Volga Germans. In addition, there is a Catholic parish in Nizhny Novgorod, but it has a rather limited number of parishioners.
There are many Muslims in the Nizhny Novgorod region. There are even more of them than representatives of various Christian movements (naturally, if you do not take into account the Orthodox). This situation is associated with the relatively large number of Tatars and other peoples living in the region, who are considered Islam. The center of Islam in the region is the Spiritual Administration of Muslims, located in Nizhny Novgorod.
In addition, there is a Jewish community in the Nizhny Novgorod region. The only synagogue in the region is located in its administrative center - Nizhny Novgorod. Wherein total number Jews in the region - 3.7 thousand people.
There are also residents in the region who profess other religions, but they are not united in communities and do not have official status.
As you can see, the religious diversity in the Nizhny Novgorod region is very colorful.
Population of Nizhny Novgorod
Now let's take a closer look at the demographic situation in the administrative center of the region - Nizhny Novgorod.
The city was founded in 1221 by the prince of the Vladimir land Yuri Vsevolodovich. From 1350 it became the de facto capital Suzdal principality... In 1425 it was incorporated into the Grand Duchy of Moscow and became a district town. It was in Nizhny Novgorod that the Second People's Militia was assembled, which liberated Moscow from the Polish occupation. In 1932 the city was renamed Gorky in honor of the great Russian writer Maxim Gorky, who was born here. In 1990, it received its historical name back - Nizhny Novgorod.
The population of Nizhny Novgorod at the moment is 1267.8 million people. That is, this settlement is a millionaire city. It ranks fifth in the Russian Federation in terms of the number of residents.
The population density in Nizhny Novgorod is 3087 people / sq. km. For comparison: in Moscow, this figure is 4813.6 people / sq. km.
In different periods, it was significantly different. So, from 1811 to 1897 it increased from 14.4 thousand people. up to 90 thousand people In 1939, the city was already inhabited by 644 thousand people. In 1962, the population of Nizhny Novgorod exceeded one million people and amounted to 1,025,000 people.
In 1989, the number of people living in this regional center reached a historical maximum - 1,438,100 people. From that time on, the population of the city began to decline, however, both in the region and in the country as a whole. Until 2011 inclusive, the number of residents of Nizhny Novgorod decreased to 1,250,600 people. But already in the next year, there was a growth in the population, which continues to this day. So, by 2016, the number of people living in the regional center of the Nizhny Novgorod region amounted to 1,267,800 people. This, of course, is much less than in 1989, but 17.2 thousand more than in 2011. Thus, if in the demography of the region there are only outlined trends that in the future will lead to an increase in the population, then in the regional center the number of residents is already growing every year, although this growth is still small.
The average age of the city's residents at the moment is about 40 years.
As in the region as a whole, Russians are the dominant nationality in Nizhny Novgorod. Their share exceeds 95%, that is, even more than in the region as a whole. Among the national minorities, Tatars, Mordovians and Ukrainians should be singled out.
Population in other cities of the Nizhny Novgorod region
Now let's look at how many residents live in the largest settlements Nizhny Novgorod region, except for the regional center, which was discussed above.
The population of the city of Dzerzhinsk in the Nizhny Novgorod region is the second largest in the region after N. Novgorod. The number of residents of this city is 234.3 thousand people. It should be noted that the dynamics of growth in the number of people living in this settlement is negative.
Among the others largest cities the region should be named Arzamas (104.8 thousand people), Sarov (94.4 thousand people) and Bor (78.4 thousand people). In the last two settlements, there is a positive dynamics of population growth.
The number of residents in individual districts of the Nizhny Novgorod region
Now let's define the most populated areas of the Nizhny Novgorod region. What are the largest municipalities in the region?
The largest number of residents is in the Kstovsky district - 115.8 thousand.Further in terms of population are Gorodetsky (89.2 thousand people), Balakhninsky (76.9 thousand people), Bogorodsky (66.3 thousand people) and Volodarsky (58.2 thousand people) districts.
It should be clarified that the cities that we talked about above, namely Nizhny Novgorod, Dzerzhinsk, Arzamas, Sarov and Bor, do not belong to administrative districts, but are separate urban municipalities.
General characteristics of the demographic situation in the Nizhny Novgorod region
The Nizhny Novgorod region is located in one of the most populated parts of Russia, and its administrative center is the fifth most populous city in the country. At the same time, the region has a lower life expectancy of the population than in Russia as a whole.
By ethnicity, the overwhelming majority of the region's inhabitants are Russians, but the ethnic map of the Nizhny Novgorod region is quite variegated.
The dynamics of the increase in the number of residents of the Nizhny Novgorod region is still negative. But there are already trends towards a decrease in the rate of population decline, which allows us to hope for an increase in the number of people living in the region in the future.
In general, a difficult demographic situation is noted in the Nizhny Novgorod region, but the trends recent years give hope that the current situation is likely to change in the near future.
Nizhny Novgorod is a city located in the central part of Russia and is the administrative center of the Volga Federal District and the Nizhny Novgorod Region. Its location is the center of the East European Plain at the confluence of the Oka and Volga rivers, dividing the city into two parts: Nagornaya and Zarechnaya.
The city with an area of 466.5 km² is an important economic, industrial, scientific, educational and cultural center of our country, its ancient history(it is almost 800 years old), numerous sights and picturesque river banks attract a large number of tourists coming from all over Russia.
History of education
The city was founded by the Vladimir-Suzdal prince Yuri Vsevolodovich in 1221, initially it was a wooden fortress to protect the borders of the principality, later, in the 16th century, the fortress became stone and almost impregnable, in the entire history of its existence it was never captured. Outside its walls at the beginning of the 17th century, Minin and Pozharsky gathered a militia to help Moscow besieged by the Poles. In 1817, one of the largest Russian fairs, Makarievskaya, was moved here, from now on it began to be held in Nizhny Novgorod, which made it one of the largest shopping centers on the territory of the Russian state.
During Soviet times, the city received its name in honor of the famous Soviet writer, in 1932 it became Gorky and it was so until 1990, when it got back its historical name... During the war, the city supplied the front with important military weapons, so it was bombed more than once. In 1985, the first branch of the 10th metro in Russia appeared here. In 2016, Russian President Vladimir Putin opened the Nizhny Novgorod plant named after the 70th anniversary of Victory, owned by the Almaz-Antey concern, a leading manufacturer of military equipment.
Population of Nizhny Novgorod
(Day of the city)
According to statistics for 2017, 1,264,075 people live in the city, 1,270,241 people in the urban district, this is the fifth place in Russia in terms of population. The agglomeration of Nizhny Novgorod is about 2 million people, second in the Volga region and sixth in the country.
The percentage of the working-age population is 64%, most of the population of Novy Novgorod is Russians, their 95.6%.
At the beginning of the 19th century (1811) the population of the city was 14.4 thousand people, by the beginning of the 20th century (1914) the population increased almost 8 times and amounted to 111.6 thousand people. With the advent of Soviet power, the city expanded its borders and absorbed the nearby towns of Sormovo and Kanavino, thus the 1926 population of 181.2 thousand people increased to 643.7 thousand people in 1939.
At the end of the 80s, the population of Nizhny Novgorod numbered 1,438,133 people and this was the 3rd place in the republic. It is from this year that a gradual decrease in the population begins and natural growth becomes negative (mortality exceeds the birth rate). This trend is gaining momentum and, according to forecasts of scientists, the population of Nizhny Novgorod by 2020 may lose up to 12% of the population of the peak of 1989.
Industry of Nizhny Novgorod
Before the revolution, the city was the largest center Russian merchants and, accordingly, trade, in Soviet time In Nizhny Novgorod, in the process of industrialization, a powerful industrial potential of the city was developed, its leading industries were mechanical engineering, metalworking and information technology. It was then that it was built here largest giant automobile engineering Gorky Automobile Plant (GAZ), it was here in 1994 that the famous "gazelle" was produced, one of the most demanded and popular (especially among representatives of small and medium-sized businesses) low-tonnage trucks in the entire post-Soviet space.
(Launching of the chemical tanker "Victoria")
The bulk of industrial production is concentrated in such industries as the automotive industry (GAZ, the Sokol aircraft building plant, the Nizhny Novgorod machine-building plant, the Gidromash aircraft equipment factories, the Heat exchanger plant, the Krasnaya Etna plant), and shipbuilding (the Krasnoye Sormovo shipyard ). Heavy industry is represented by the Nizhny Novgorod metal-working plant, light and food industry - by various combines, sausage factories, dairy and fat-and-oil enterprises.
Nizhny Novgorod is one of the largest development centers information technologies throughout Russia. Such companies as Intel, Yandex, Huawei, NetCracker, etc. work here.
City culture
Nizhny Novgorod has a rich history and there is something to see here. There are more than 600 monuments here: historical, cultural and architectural. One of the oldest architectural monuments- The Nizhny Novgorod Kremlin, it is more than 400 years old (it began to be built in the 16th century), now it is the place of work of the City Duma of Nizhny Novgorod.
In total, the city has more than 200 cultural institutions of regional and local importance. There are 14 theaters (three academic - dramas named after M. Gorky, opera and ballet named after A.S. Pushkin, puppet theater), 97 libraries (the largest Nizhny Novgorod state regional universal scientific Library them. Lenin), 5 concert halls, 17 cinemas, 8 museums (Nizhny Novgorod State Art Museum, A.M. Gorky Museum, Russian Museum of Photography), a conservatory, a digital modern planetarium.
Nizhny Novgorod (in 1932-1990 - Gorky) - the regional center of the Volga region, the administrative center of the Volga federal district... In terms of population, Nizhny Novgorod ranks fifth in Russia as a whole. The city is separated from Moscow by four hundred and thirty kilometers. Nizhny Novgorod is included in the list of cities of historical and cultural heritage compiled by UNESCO.
Nizhny Novgorod is located at the confluence of the Oka and Volga, and the Oka passes through the entire city, dividing it into two parts. In total, twelve rivers flow through the territory of Nizhny Novgorod, and there are also three dozen lakes on it.
Modern Nizhny Novgorod is a large industrial center; the city's factories produce cars, water and aircraft, products of the military-industrial complex. Perhaps the largest machine-building plant located in Nizhny Novgorod is GAZ (Gorky Automobile Plant), which celebrated its 70th anniversary a few years ago, in 2002.
At present, the volume of GAZ production is more than half of the total production of trucks in Russia as a whole, in the passenger car market the indicator is much slower - about five percent. In addition, the Gorky Automobile Plant produces military equipment, in particular, armored personnel carriers. In addition to GAZ, other large machine-building enterprises are located in Nizhny Novgorod: Krasnoe Sormovo Sokol (an aircraft industrial enterprise, production of military and civil aircraft), Nizhny Novgorod Machine-Building Plant (production of military equipment and equipment for the nuclear industry), Gidromash (production of aircraft chassis, hydraulic equipment), Heat exchanger ( production of thermal equipment and aviation life support systems), (production of watercraft).
In Nizhny Novgorod, not only severe, but also light industry(production of linen products, garments, knitwear, leather products, woodworking, printing). Food industry Nizhny Novgorod is represented by the Nizhny Novgorod Sparkling Wine Factory, well-known throughout Russia, as well as a brewery, meat processing plants, a dairy, a confectionery factory, and so on. Located in Nizhny Novgorod big number hotels of various price categories and stars.
Nizhny Novgorod is an important traffic intersection, one of the branches of the Trans-Siberian Railway passes through it; the city has a railway and river stations, as well as a cargo port. The intracity transport network includes trams, trolleybuses, buses, fixed-route taxis, as well as two metro lines.
Nizhny Novgorod is a city with a developed system vocational education... The Nikolai Lobachevsky University is widely known outside the region, it includes nineteen faculties, where about forty thousand students study. Another major university in Nizhny Novgorod is University of Technology(NSTU), where about eleven thousand students are trained.
The cultural life of Nizhny Novgorod is rich: eight theaters work here, including one of the oldest drama theaters in Russia; seventeen cinemas, nearly a hundred libraries, five concert halls, and a wide variety of entertainment options. The city is home to the first digital planetarium in Russia.
The following museums operate in Nizhny Novgorod: Gorky Museum, Kashirin's House, Dobrolyubov House-Museum, Alexander Pushkin Museum, Academician Sakharov's Apartment-Museum, Russian Museum of Photography. And of course, one cannot fail to mention the Nizhny Novgorod Kremlin, built at the beginning of the sixteenth century. On its territory are the administrative authorities of the city and region, as well as temples and museums.
One of the main streets of Nizhny Novgorod, running from the Minin and Pozharsky squares, Bolshaya Pokrovskaya, is a pedestrian street. This is a real tourist street, at its beginning there is main entrance to the Nizhny Novgorod Kremlin - one of the main attractions of the city.
Nizhny Novgorod is an Orthodox city, it houses large ancient monasteries (Annunciation and Pechersky), churches (in particular, Christmas, or Cathedral Holy Mother of God; Smolensk) and temples.
Nizhny Novgorod
The center of the Nizhny Novgorod region, 439 km east of Moscow. Located at the confluence of the Oka and Volga. The climate is moderately continental. Average January temperatures are -12 ° C, July 18 ° C. Annual precipitation is about 500 mm. Large transport hub: 6 railway lines (3 main lines). River port. An airport. Metropolitan (since 1985). The population is 1,440.6 thousand people (1992; 95.1 thousand in 1897; 222 thousand in 1926; 644 thousand in 1949; 941 thousand in 1959; 1170 thousand in 1970; 1344 thousand in 1979); 3rd (after Moscow and St. Petersburg) city in Russia in terms of population.
Coat of arms of Nizhny Novgorod. "In a white field, a red deer: black horns and hooves." Highest approved on 16.8.1781
It was founded in 1221 by the Vladimir prince Yuri Vsevolodovich as a fortress (the name "Nizhny" and "Novograd Nizovskie lands" appeared only in the documents of the XIV century as a designation of the center of a vast area lying downstream of the Volga and Oka rivers with their tributaries). Since 1350 - the capital of the Nizhny Novgorod-Suzdal principality created in 1341. Thanks to the profitable geographic location N.N. acquired the significance of a major trade and cultural center; chronicles were kept in the Pechersky Monastery (founded in 1328-30); in 1377 for the Grand Duke Dmitry, the monk Laurentius compiled a collection of annals (the so-called Laurentian Chronicle). Initially, the city was surrounded by oak walls; in 1372, the construction of a stone Kremlin began. In 1392, under Vasily I, N.N. was annexed to Moscow and soon became a stronghold of Russia in the struggle against the Kazan Khanate. In 1506-11, under Vasily III, a new brick Kremlin was built. The fortress allowed the residents of Nizhny Novgorod to repel the raids of the Tatars in 1520 and 1536. From the second half of the 16th century. - one of the largest trade and craft centers of the Moscow state; since that time, 2 parts of the city have been formed: Nagornaya (center) and Zarechnaya (later - an industrial region). In 1611-12, the people's militia of the zemstvo head Kuzma Minin and prince D.M. Pozharsky was formed in N.N. against the Polish invaders. From 1719 - center Nizhny Novgorod province... Since the XIX century. the city is of commercial and industrial importance; the flour-grinding industry and industries associated with the Volga shipping were especially developed. The growth of the city was also favored by the transfer in 1817 of the Makariev Fair in N.N., the construction of the Sormovo shipbuilding plant in 1849, construction in 1862 railroad to Moscow. From the middle of the XIX century. Volga Shipping Company is developing intensively.
WITH late XIX v. N. N. - center revolutionary movement... NN is the birthplace of mechanic I.P. Kulibin, mathematician N.I. Lobachevsky, literary critic N.A.Dobrolyubov, composer M.A. Balakirev, writer P.I. Melnikov (Pechersky). In 1932 the city was renamed into Gorky in honor of the native of N.N., the writer M. Gorky (A.M. Peshkov). Since 1991 - again N.N.
Modern N.N. is the largest machine building center in Russia (70% of industrial production), including auto and shipbuilding. The leading enterprise in the industry is the automobile plant, with which the Krasnaya Etna plant is connected, which is the main supplier of auto-normals in the country, factories - specialized machines (produces vans, trailers, etc.), speed boxes, stamps and molds, etc. The Krasnoye Sormovo shipyard is the main shipbuilding base of the Volga fleet. The Dvigatel Revolyutsii plant is a major manufacturer of marine diesel engines and gas engine compressors for main gas pipelines. There are also factories - aircraft, milling machines, mill and elevator equipment, peat machines, television ("Chaika" brand), enterprises - converting metallurgy, chemical industry, woodworking, building materials. Food (mill, meat, dairy factories; macaroni, confectionery factories; factories - brewing and champagne wines) and light industry (linen factory, hosiery and knitwear, leather and footwear, sewing enterprises). Near NN - Gorkovskaya hydroelectric power station on the Volga (near the city of Zavolzhye), Balakhninskaya state district power station and combined heat and power plant. Gas pipelines from Saratov and Minnibaev, oil pipeline from Almetyevsk. University, Technical University... Conservatory. Institutions: Engineers water transport, architectural and construction, agricultural, medical, pedagogical institute foreign languages... Faculty of Moscow Commercial University, branches of the All-Russian Correspondence Financial and Economic Institute and the All-Russian correspondence institute railway engineers. Theaters: drama, opera and ballet, young spectator, comedy, puppet theater. Museums: Historical and Architectural Museum-Reserve (founded in 1896), Art (Western European, Russian and Soviet art); folk arts and crafts; architecture and everyday life of the peoples of the Nizhny Novgorod Volga region; M. Gorky with the branches "House of Kashirin" and "The last apartment of M. Gorky in Nizhny Novgorod" House-Museum of the Nevzorov sisters; river fleet; House-Museum of Ya. M. Sverdlov.
The planning structure of N.N. by the beginning of the 17th century. consisted in the Nagornaya part of the City (i.e., the Kremlin), the Upper (from the south) and Lower (under the high bank) posadov surrounding it, scattered over the neighboring hills of the settlements (the Kanavinskaya Sloboda was part of Zaochye). The line of the Kremlin's defensive walls (1500-12, possibly the Italian architect Pyotr Fryazin), with numerous towers (originally 13; large square towers with gates alternate with smaller round ones; restoration - 1960-70s, head S.A. Agafonov ), outlines the territory in the form of an irregular triangle; in the Kremlin - a cubic, eight-sided tent on a low eight-sided Michael Archangel Cathedral (built in 1631, in honor of the victory of the Nizhny Novgorod militia in 1612, architects L. Vozoulin and A. Konstantinov; since 1962 in the cathedral - the ashes of Kuzma Minin). Near the Kremlin, on the coastal slope, is located the founded in the XIII century. Annunciation Monastery: 5-head, surrounded by a low gallery, the Annunciation Cathedral (1649) with a single-domed Sergievskaya church attached from the south-west (late 17th - early 18th centuries), a refectory with a two-tent Assumption Church (1678), a bell tower and cells (all - 17 v.). Downstream of the Volga, not far from the Kremlin, there is a village founded in the 14th century. Pechersky Monastery: 5-head, on the white-stone basement of the Ascension Cathedral (1632, possibly architect A. Konstantinov), with a bell tower (1632), a gate-roofed church of Euthymius of Suzdal (1645, architect Konstantinov), a refectory with a tent-roofed Assumption Church (1648), Peter and Paul Church (1638, architect Konstantinov), Bishops' Chambers (XVII-XVIII centuries). Above the bank of the Oka, between the Kremlin and the Pokhvalinsky ravine, the structures of the posad have been preserved. Churches: Myrrh-Bearing Women (1649, 5-domed, on a high basement; appearance changed by alterations of the 20th century, 4-pitched roof, devoid of chapters); Dormition on Ilinskaya Gora (1672, crowned with 5 tiled heads on high drums, with kokoshniks at the base); famous architectural monument N.N. - Christmas church at the Stroganov estate in the so-called Stroganov style, completed with 5 chapters with patterned crosses, with an extensive 2-tier refectory, on the facades - rich brick decor in the form of motifs of fruits, cartouches, curls (1719 ; in the interior of the refectory - white stone carving, in the interior of the church - an iconostasis with fine, abundant wooden carvings, icons of the 18th century, picturesque panels; now a museum). Preserved houses of the 17th - early 18th centuries, mostly 2-storey, made of "large-sized" bricks, with windows decorated with figured frames, kokoshniks, with wooden extensions, porches, high roofs: Chatygin (the so-called house of Peter I, who stayed here in 1695, heading for Azov campaign), the Pushnikov chambers (consisting of 2 connected buildings, built at different times), Olisov. On the left bank of the Oka there is a 5-domed church of the Smolensk Mother of God at the Stroganovs' estate in Gordeevka (1697) with rich decor in the so-called Stroganov style.
For the Nagornaya part of the city in 1770, a radial-circular plan was developed with a system of streets diverging from a trapezoidal square at the outer gates of the Kremlin; according to the revised plan of 1824, the territory of the Nizhny Novgorod fair was included in the city limits on the left bank of the Oka, along with the Kanavinskaya settlement. According to the plan of 1838, the Verkhnevolzhskaya embankment was arranged (at both its ends - the Georgievsky and Kazan congresses), on the slope - the Alexander Garden. V late XVIII- the first half of the 19th century. buildings here were built in the style of classicism, in the second half of the XIX - early XX centuries. - in the spirit of eclecticism, stylization, modern style. The former house of the vice-governor (1788), the house of the pharmacist G. Evenius (1789-92, architect I. Nemeyer), the buildings of the seminary (1823-29, architects I. I. Mezhetsky, A. L. Leer), Assembly of the Nobility (1826, architect I.E. Efimov; in the interior - a small columned hall; additional building - 1860-70s), Noble Institute (1840s, architect A.A.Pakhomov; on the main facade - a frieze in the form of a floral ornament depicting the coats of arms of the cities of the Nizhny Novgorod province, now a regional library) with a house for living (1836, architect I.E. Efimov; now - a theater school), house of Z. Dobrolyubova (1840s, architect G. I. Kizevetter; now - House-Museum of N.A. A. Schroeter); the building of the City Duma (1902, architect V.P. Zeidler; the main facade - with 3 large windows, completed with a parapet with the Nizhny Novgorod coat of arms and a steep hipped roof), the State Bank in the neo-Russian style (1913, architect V.A. Pokrovsky; consists of several volumes covered with roofs of various shapes; in the interior - murals on walls and vaults according to sketches by I. Ya.Bilibin, chandeliers, lanterns, iron bars, majolica staircases), a church on the New (now Old) cemetery (1916, architect Pokrovsky).
Below, along the banks of the Volga and Oka, the classicist estates of the Stroganovs (from the 1870s - Golitsyn; 1827, architect P. Ivanov) and Golitsyn (1821-37, possibly architect D.I. Blinovsky passage in the spirit of Russian architecture of the 17th century. ( last third XIX century), the Volzhsko-Kamsky bank in the eclectic style (1894-98, architect V.P. Zeidler), the bank of the Rukavishnikov brothers in the Art Nouveau style (1908-12, architect F.O.Shekhtel; above the entrance - sculptures representing industry and agriculture, sculptor S. T. Konenkov). On the Verkhnevolzhskaya embankment: the former neo-baroque house of S.M. House of D.V.Sirotkin in the style of neoclassicism (1914-16, architects - brothers L.A., V.A. and A.A. Vesnin, now - the Art Museum).
On the left bank of the Oka, on the territory of the Nizhny Novgorod fair, the centric 5-domed Spassky Old Fair Cathedral (1817-22, architect O. Montferrand) has not been lost, on the Strelka - the Alexander Nevsky Fair Cathedral (1881, architects R. Ya.Kilevein, L.V. Dal; since the beginning of the 1990s it has been restored), the Main House of the Nizhny Novgorod Fair (1890; since the beginning of the 1990s - the center of renewed exchange and fair activities).
N.N. was built on master plans 1930s (architect A. P. Ivanitsky and others), 1937 and 1966. Built: House of Soviets, hotel "Russia" (both - early 1930s, architect A. Z. Grinberg), Pedagogical (1936-38, architect A.A. Yakovlev) and Polytechnic (1931-36, architects Grinberg, I.F. Neiman) institutes, river (1964, architect M.I. Churilin) and railway (1965, architect M.A.Gotlib) stations, air terminal (1965, architect Gottlieb), a sports complex (1965, architects Yu. N. Bubnov, V. V. Balakhina, S. A. Timofeev). In connection with the construction and reconstruction of large industrial buildings, comfortable residential areas have grown near them: Avtozavodsky (1930-40, architects V.A., I.A.Golosov, A.S. Fisenko, L.B. Velikovsky, etc.), Sormovo with the Palace of Culture (1926, architects S.A. Novikov, E.M. Michurin, V.A. architects P. V. Shchusev, P. V. Pomazanov, I. A. Frenchman, engineer A. V. Krylov; 2nd - 1965, architects L. M. Ostrovidov, G. V. Ogorodnikov), Volga embankment with a staircase (1949, architects L. V. Rudnev, V. O. Munts, A. A. Yakovlev) and others. Monuments: an obelisk in honor of K. Minin and D. Pozharsky (1826, sculptor I. P. Martos, architect A. I. Melnikov); "To the Heroes and Martyrs of the Revolution of 1905" (1930, architect A. A. Yakovlev, artist V. A. Frolov); V.P. Chkalov (1940, sculptor V.P. Mendelevich, architects V.S.Andreev, I.G. Taranov); M. Gorky (1952, sculptor V. I. Mukhina, architects V. V. Lebedev, P. P. Shteller); Ya.M. Sverdlov (1957, P. I. Gusev, N. M. Chugurin, architect V. N. Rymarenko); "To the heroes of Gorky who died in the Great World War II"(1966, architects B. S. Nelyubin, V. Ya. Kovalev, S. A. Timofeev, artists V. V. Lyubimov, A. M. Shvaikin, A. P. Topunov); V. I. Lenin (1970 , sculptor Y. G. Neroda, architects V. V. Voronkov, Y. N. Voskresensky); N. A. Dobrolyubov (1986, sculptor P. I. Gusev, architect B. S. Nelyubin); K. Mininu (sculptor O. Komov). 
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Cities of Russia. Encyclopedia - M .: Great Russian Encyclopedia... I. Kondratyev. 1994.
Synonyms:See what "Nizhny Novgorod" is in other dictionaries:
City, c. Nizhny Novgorod region Founded in 1221 under the name Novgorod, which may have meant more than just new town, and repeated the name of the city of Novgorod, which is on the Volkhov River. To distinguish between cities of the same name, a lower definition is introduced, ... ... Geographical encyclopedia
The full name of FC "Nizhny Novgorod 2" Nicknames townspeople, automobile plants, northerners, Nizhny Novgorod, NNtsy 2007 Stadium was founded ... Wikipedia
Nizhny Novgorod- Nizhny Novgorod. Bridge. NIZHNY NOVGOROD (91 Gorky in 1932), a city, the center of the Nizhny Novgorod region, in Russia, at the confluence of the Oka with the Volga. 1438 thousand inhabitants. Large river port; railway junction; an airport. Metro. Mechanical engineering (cars, ... ... Illustrated encyclopedic Dictionary
- (in 1932 90 Gorky), a city, the center of the Nizhny Novgorod Region, at the confluence of the Oka and the Volga. Large river port, railway etc. node. 1367.6 thousand inhabitants (1998). Large center mechanical engineering and metalworking (software: automotive GAZ, mechanical engineering, ... ... Russian history