Skyscraper Lacht Center construction. "Lachta Center"
Lachta Center - most high building Not only in Russia, but also throughout Europe. The official project site is http://lakhta.center.
Lachta Center (Render)
"Lakhta-Center" (officially writes without hyphen - "Lakhta Center") - built in Lakhte, the historical part of the Primorsky district of St. Petersburg, the social and business complex, the key object of which is the headquarters of the State Concern Gazprom. The complex includes a skyscraper and a multifunction building (MFZ) separated by atrium to the southern and northern blocks. The total area of \u200b\u200bthe premises is 400 thousand m². Completely completed the project in the fall of 2018. The skyscraper became the northernmost in the world and Europe: he is 88 meters surpasses the Moscow skyscraper "Tower Federation", although it is inferior to him and a 100-storey 435-meter Grozny skyscraper "Ahmat-Tower". If we take an absolute height, the Lakhta-Center ranks second among the highest buildings of Russia and Europe, yielding only the 540-meter Ostankino TV Telbashne. The height of the building is 462 meters at 87 floors, and 117.75 meters accounted for a spire from the metal structures weighing more than 2000 tons.
Lakhta Center address
Lakhtinsky Ave., 2, Corp. 3.
How to get to Lachta Center?
Subway at Lachta Center
The metro station has a new skyscraper - one of the promised prospective projects, since the nearest operating station (" Old village", 5 line) is located 5.5 km from the complex.
By car
To Lachta the Center is built a new junction that will provide it transport accessibility. Now the construction of the center of the center near can be observed from the seaside highway, while in the overview of the high-altitude dominant city falls from other points.
For trips to St. Petersburg, it is convenient to use taxi applications: Uber, Gett, Yandex.Taxi, Maxim, 777.
Everything about Lakhta Center for three minutes on video:
Outputed observation deck
On the last floor of Lakhta Center, at a mark of 360 meters there will be a publicly available viewing area - closed with panoramic glazing. This is the highest in Russia and Europe observation deck. This is higher than the SARD Observation Site in London and is written on the official site of Lachta Center. I think the price of visiting the observation deck will be quite commensurate with similar prices around the world - about $ 20.
The viewing angle is 360 degrees. Raise visitors to the height will be special high-speed elevators.
Such a platform will be a visible point on the tourist routes of St. Petersburg.
Climbing on the sightseeing site you will find yourself above the clouds.
On the jellyf's site there was an interesting material about cool figures about Lacht Center, which together with the official site collected Picaba together.
The task of the project initiators is to create beyond historic Center The cities of the new point of attraction of business activity, freeing the historical St. Petersburg from the unusual functions of the business center and the concomitant transport load.
This approach to the organization of urban space corresponds to the development strategy of St. Petersburg - the transition to a polycentric development model.
About the selected place for construction
Initially, Laht was not Laht, but Okhta Center. And she was built in Krasnogvardeysky district. Pmo Storky was 2 claims: the high-rise building spoils the historical appearance of St. Petersburg and in the construction of the monument "Swedish fortress Nienshanz". Governor Valentina Matvienko decided to transfer construction to the Primorsky district to the 300th anniversary Park on Washing Territories. Because of this transfer, the height of the building is 462 m. Against 396 m.
About the main input
About the pace of construction
On average for six days the complex grows to the floor.
About the attendance of the complex
About the national question
The construction site employs about 6,500 people in shift (the work does not stop and goes 24/7 in a few shifts per day), and the most different nationalities. The team of Russian specialists complement the Italians, Germans, Koreans, Serbs and Uzbeks with Tajiks. True, the signboard is everywhere on three languages: Russian, English and Turkish.
About the feature of the structure
The "Lachta Center" tower is spinning around its axis by 90 degrees. Each new floor plate is rotated by 0.82 degrees relative to the axis of the building. This creates the effect of twisting the building to the top.
About hitting the Guinness Book
Concretion of the bottom plate of the Lachta Center tower of the Lakhta Center is included in the Guinness Book of Records as the largest continuous fill of concrete in the world. For 49 hours without stopping, 19,624 m³ of concrete were flooded, which was 3000 m³ exceeded the previous world record.
About foundation
For the construction of the complex, about 400,000 m³ of concrete will be needed.
About glazing
The glazing area of \u200b\u200bthe complex will be 130,000 m², including the towers - 72,500 square meters. M.². The weight of one glass window facade - 740 kg. In the construction of the skyscraper, the technology of cold-made glass is used - in Russia for only two such buildings. The first such building was the "Evolution" tower in Moscow City, and the second headquarters of the Bank St. Petersburg.
Before using glass in construction, you need to make sure of its strength. Therefore, fragments of the facade are tested for tightness when exposed to rain and strong wind. On the specially erected layout, glass is subjected to harsh torture, spraying water on it with the helms of the aircraft - thus modeled a strong storm, so the usual residents of St. Petersburg in the fall (and this year - and in the summer).
About elevators
In a high-rise building, 38 elevators will be used: two-level passenger high-speed and administrative and economic purposes. The strategy of vertical transport is designed in such a way that the waiting time at the rush hour does not exceed 30 seconds, in some groups the waiting time is 15 seconds. Elevator speed from 2.5 to 8 m / s. In total, 100 high-speed elevators will be involved in the complex. They will be able to simultaneously transport 1280 people. This is 268 more people more than accommodates 20 Sapsan cars.
About the square complex
About restaurants
About the proximity of the city center
About ecology
First of all, the ecology of the complex will be achieved by reducing power consumption in the area. Due to the "intellectual facade" of the high-altitude dominant "Lakhta Center", the cost of heating and air conditioning will be reduced by at least 40%.
About planetarium
About the weight of Lachta Center
Construction of Lachta Center.
On the site https://aslan.livejournal.com/ was an interesting report on how the highest skyscraper in Europe was built.
For lazy, video construction of Lachta Center:
After the readiness of the foundation, the zero cycle was completed and the growth of the tower is coming.
The scheme of the construction of our skyscraper is such - first the reinforced concrete core is built, then it gradually turns the walls and overlaps. The kernel gives the design of the tower stability, and there are communication, 34 elevators, technical premises and safety zones inside it.
By the way, the kernel of the Lakhta Center has higher degree Fireproof Rei240 - the ability to withstand fire for 4 hours without changing the properties of concrete and steel.
Construction on the facility is 24 hours a day without days off in three shifts. In each change, 4 thousand people work.
This is what the first 16 floors of the tower look like, which are assembled from 22,000 elements connected by 200,000 bolts.
A few months later, the kernel of the tower covered the floors and rose even higher. Nearby you can see the building of the MFZ, which consists of two parts, combined with a common roof.
May 2016.
Stage of construction in February 2017. Left - Tower scheme.
If the kernel gives the tower vertical rigidity, then the horizontal rigidity corresponds to the outrigant floors, due to which the stability of the tower will be saved even when 30% of supporting structures are removed. In the skyscraper there will be 4 pairs of outrement floors every 70 m throughout the height of the building.
So they look from the inside. Here you can see that the metal structures are covered with high-strength concrete. 
And these are the floors of the floors, ranging from the bottom and ending with the upper. The peculiarity of the Lakhta Center Tower is that the faces of the pentagonal building are twisted upwards, giving it a characteristic architectural volume.
Thus looked like Lakhta Center in the spring of 2017.
On this collage, you can see how the Lachta Center of the Center has grown from September 2015 to April 2017.
And this is a fresh photo from the construction that I removed in early August. 
I rose to the 76th floor. Cranes are attached to the kernel of the tower on several floors. A little later, I will show how it looks. At the very top there are 4 cranes, and in total on the construction of them 16. 
These are the biggest cranes with the Machova Arrow, produced by Liebher. Departure of their arrows is 45, 50 and 60 meters. Maximum load capacity - 64 tons, speed of cargo movement - 176 meters per minute. 
Well, now we will go to the construction site. 
Since Turkish contractors work here, and many foreign workers, warning signs are duplicated in Turkish and English. 
MFZ building. 
Near the tower looks very impressive. 
Elevators were installed in March 2017. You see the blue doors - they are precisely they. 
Here in every elevator its own lifter. After the end of the construction of the door of the elevator will look both familiar, but during construction everything looks like this. There are transplant nodes from the lower zone to the middle, and from the middle zone to the top. A special elevator will also be installed, which will be without transfers to deliver passengers to a sightseeing site. 
Walls upholstered plywood to accidentally do not spoil them. When lifting from the first floor to the upper level, almost always anchlag. This is a very fast elevator, the rise on the top floor we took only 40 seconds. 
The temporary elevator that goes from the average levels to the top looks easier. At the end of construction, it will be replaced. 
A little interesting about the elevators of Lachta Center.
And this is a view of Peter and surroundings from 76 floors. There are no glasses here. 
On this floor, the taps are attached to the composite reinforced concrete columns of the tower, at the base of which steel cores are in the form of the Maltese Cross, who give them rigidity. 
These cores are located at the base of the columns. 
Also cranes are attached to the kernel. Thus, they withstand the strong gusts of the wind, which are not uncommon at this height. 
From here, the nearby areas of Peter are well visible. 
Yacht Club. 
Elite area. 
Less elite area. 
Thermal power plant. 
More than 22,000 tons of metal structures will go to the construction of the tower - 189,000 different parts, of which are the same - only two. It happened due to the fact that the tower is twisted, and each overlap differs from the following 0.82 degrees. Another 2000 tons will go to the spire, the height of which will be 90 meters. The spire will have various equipment. Metal structures for Lachta Center are manufactured on twelve factories, ten of which are Russian. 
By the way, the observation deck will be above, on the 86th floor, at an altitude of 360 m. And it will be the highest in Europe.
View of the other side. 
Building closer to the skyscraper. 
Although I don't really like height, and I was in a meter from the place where the glass was not yet installed, it was not entirely scary, rather, on the contrary. There are more than 300 meters of height. 
But to be on the site of these workers I would not want at all, despite the exciting views. 
The main thing when working do not forget about safety technician. 
In instagram "How is it done" A question was asked about the increase in the height of the cranes, I answered above, but I want to complement the work of the craneers. Craneers ride up to 55 floors on the elevator that you have already seen. From there - on the stairs to the binding tower and the crane go to the mast of the crane, then the stairs inside the crane get to the cab. 
The craneman cannot go down once again. They even dinner in their cockpit, where it is delivered from the ground. 
New "Passenger Port of St. Petersburg", for cruise and ferry liners. 
Descended into several floors below. Here they work on such mini cranes. 
And these are fasteners for double-glazed windows. Unlike conventional high spirits, in Lakhte, the center of double-glazed windows are hung on these brackets, and they are not attached hard to the carrying coating of the building. The weight of the same glass package is about 740 kg. I will tell about the features of the glass facade just below. 
Floors below 70 floors glazed. 
On the left there is no more glazing, it is already there. 
Descended even lower and found themselves on the outrement floor. They, as I wrote above, give horizontal rigidity skyscraper. 
The walls of these floors are much massive than on ordinary floors. Outreeger levels also perform the functions of the technical floors.
On some floors there are cylinders with water and disposable cups. 
And now a little about the glass facade of Lachta Center. In order to glazed the skyscraper, it was not necessary to glaurly flat glass, but curved, due to the spiral-shaped form of the building. German manufacturer who made glasses for the tower specially opened the plant in Leningrad regionIn order not to carry out of Germany and facilitate logistics. 
Glass was cut in a cold way, which does not impair its characteristics. With this method of glass deformed on the plane to 4 cm at one corner. The laminated package of 2.8 m x 4.2 m is stacked into an aluminum frame lying in a horizontal position, and under its own weight of the glass unit deform, bending under the form of the frame. The weight of the glass package is about 740 kg.
Most of the double-glazed windows are slightly different from each other, and therefore each glass package has its place. 
The glasses were made according to the multi-layer formula: glass 8mm + 1.5 mm film + 8mm glass + 16mm argon + 8 mm glass, total - 4.15 cm thick. The inner layer of glass is kalenny, because of which the glass does not give large and sharp fragments in case of damage. 
The area of \u200b\u200bglazing the center of Lakhta Center - 72,500 m². The weight of the glass part of the facade is about 13 thousand tons. 
Feature of the outer layer of glass - thermo-reflective properties. To protect against excess solar radiation on the glass, a special spray is applied, which gives the glass surface of the Tower Cold gray-blue tint.
Thanks to the spraying and the fact that the glass on the facades is "enlightened", i.e. With the lowest possible content of "yellow" iron oxide, the tower with different lights looks in different ways. Shades depend on illumination. In the afternoon, with a bright sun and reflection of the sky - Glass blue, in cloudy weather they are gray and bronze. 
For the upper floors of the skyscraper there is heated stalk, which will prevent icing. 
To clean the facade of the center of the center of contamination or to replace damaged glasses, a special lift is used. In the rips of the tower between the front panels there are grooves, and in the cradle-lift itself - clamps with rods that are fixed in the groasses of the facade. This fastening system allows you to completely eliminate the rocking of the cradle at the height. 
And in this place will be the hall of the towers. 
These are already underground floors, future skyscraper parking. 
In one of the premises are generators. 
Water supply system. 
Small infographics on the topic of water supply of Lakhta Center.
Technical floors are almost ready. 
It is especially worth mentioning the BIM program - Building Information Modeling. This building information model of the building, in which the physical and functional characteristics of the building are given - geometry, spatial relations, geographical location, properties of materials, etc. BIM works at all stages: from creating a concept before the construction and operation of the object.
When a change in any one of the parameters in designing or construction, the BIM should automatically change the rest associated with the object of parameters and objects, right up to drawings, visualizations, specifications and calendar graphics.
Thus, the BIM model is a single source of information about the object for all construction participants - customers, designers and contractors. In addition, projects created by BIM guarantee high speed, accuracy and profitability of construction. And the cost of building the building when using BIM decreases by 20-30%. At the same time, the buildings are obtained exactly as they initially represented the architect and the customer.
And this is already a multifunctional building (MFZ), view from the inside. It consists of two blocks. The building is bottled - the difference from 22 to 85 meters. The highest point of the southern corps is removed from the tower, and the North is directed to the tower and the city. 
Here will be: a sports complex, fitness center, rehabilitation and relaxation centers, children's scientific and educational center "World of Science", Exploratorium with interactive exhibits, a transforming room with a capacity of 500 people and an open amphitheater for viewing water shows with a capacity of up to 2000 people.
Small infographics.
At this place there will be a planetarium in the form of a diameter of 16 meters. 
The roof at MFZ will be glass. 
From here it is clearly visible to the bay. 
Lacht around the tower
Already almost built business complex "Lakhta Center" began to connect to the street network. Roads leading to the skyscraper will begin to build at the expense of the city. Only on the second stage of work - overpass through the Lakhta Harbor - will try to attract the money of Gazprom.
Stock Foto Roman Pimenova / Interpress
Recall: on the calculations, 11.8 thousand people will work in Lakhta Center. In addition, 4.8 thousand visitors will be held through its doors every day. Therefore, just a congress from the seaside highway to it will not be limited. Back in 2015, the draft planning of the territory near the skyscraper was approved. The construction of the tower was in full swing, and she already as we told, reached the maximum height.
Earlier for future employees and visitors to the business complex, new reversals were built on the seaside highway. As we have already reported, in terms of procurement, this year stood a competition for connecting the Business Quarter "Lakhta Center" to the street-road network. And this tender was announced. The developer will be a Committee for the Development of Transport Infrastructure (CRT). The initial price of the auction is about 1.4 billion rubles. Complete construction owned by November 2020. But partially the congresses will give, probably earlier, so as not to delay the entry of the building.
According to the project developed by Petersburg Roads, the borders of the street "Lakhta-Center" of the street will be built around. In this case, a total of several kilometers of roads will be laid. So, northeast of the skyscraper on the site of the yacht club on the shore of the Lakhta harbor will be created with a circular motion (three strips) with a radius of 25 meters. From the ring run two drives. To the west parallel to the seaside highway along the territory of Lakhta-Center, they will be built road to the Bobylskaya Street Lakhta. New road will be considered the street of district meanings. From it to the highway will hold two more allecents. South of the ring will also take place the deadline of local importance. In fact, he will be the embankment of the Lakhta Harbor.
The automotive embankment of the Gulf of Finnish Bay along the "Lakhta Center" is not planned. It is supposed to create a promenade, that is, a pedestrian zone, as well as an amphitheater for holding open-air concerts. Recall that earlier the bay was promised to create a promenade, but a full-fledged park. However, the concept has changed, and now for walks they want to take only a narrow strip. Western She put on the "Lakhta Center" decided to give under the second multifunctional building with a height of 13 floors. The permit for its construction was issued in the summer of last year, and it operates until 2021.
In the future, two bridges via the Lakhta Harbor will be built east of the rings. It is the southern and northern congresses that will behave, respectively, to Primorsky Avenue and Primorsky Highway. While the competition for these works was not declared. Moreover, in the address and investment program approved in the budget, these works are not. The fact is that the CRT is hoped to convince the gas monopolist to allocate money for the construction of these congresses. Such negotiations are already underway, said the "St. Petersburg Vedomosti" in the Committee.
But a separate line in the budget of the city is the construction of an underground pedestrian crossing in the "Lakhta Center" area. This tunnel plan to build by 2020. The concept of a skyscraper also provides an indoor pedestrian bridge from Lakhta Center to the 300th anniversary of St. Petersburg. But this project is not exactly ready to take over, told us earlier in Smolny.
Meanwhile, work is carried out on the construction of the continuation of the Shuvalovsky Avenue in Lakhta. This highway is designed to improve the connection of the business complex with Western speed \u200b\u200bdiameter. It was hurried to start work that the site was released before the completion of the planning project was completed. They are just beginning to engage. In addition, in the initial stage, there are projects for the construction of new interchanges in the Primorsky highway.
We add that the names of the new streets near the "Lakhta Center" have not yet been assigned. The skyscraper itself recently received a very representative address of Lakhtinsky Avenue (house number 2, building 3). As previously told us at the company "IFC" Lakhta-Center ", the construction of a 462-meter 87-storey tower and a multifunctional building adjacent to it should be completed in the fall of this year. At the same time, the opening date of it has not yet been determined. As clarified in the Glavgosexpertization, the "Lakhta Center" will be located "Gazprom Group headquarters. In addition to offices, the complex will include the planetarium, as well as sports and medical centers. At the 75th and 76th floors of the skyscraper, a restaurant with panoramic views will open, and in the upper part of the building, on 83 - 86th floors, equip the sightseeing site.
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provided JSC "IFC Lakhta Center"
The tower "Lachta Center" will be completed in a year. When road junctions appear nearby, the amphitheater, the international level yacht club and the Tennis Academy of Tennis, will open, where the trees "disappeared" from the images of the project, "the executive director of the project Alexander Bobkov said in an interview with Fontanka.
Photo: Provided JSC "IFC Lakhta Center"
- When will the "Lachta Center" be delivered? Are there any delays?
- As a construction site is going, you can already observe a naked eye, at such a stage it is not to hide anything - neither delay or separation forward. We plan to end the main construction and installation work by the end of 2017, which will form the final architectural image of our complex. From now on, everyone will be able to see it as he was conceived. And in 2018 we will end internal work and improvement to pass the complex in the fall of next year.
- Can new American sanctions affect the pace of construction?
- The main foreign equipment that we needed has already been purchased, and we do not fall under the criteria that are described in sanctification. So emotionally it is all unpleasant, but objectively we have no reason for concern.
- When will the structure of Gazprom structures begin to move into the complex?
- This is a question more to tenants, which independently equip the internal spaces outside the general zones of the center. They are already seriously engaged in this issue, it is designing, and I think that during 2019 the main relocation of the structures of Gazprom will be completed in the complex.
- The Gazprom president will move to the tower and Alexey Miller?
- The building has a block for the management of the company, including the place where the Chairman of the Board can work.
Smolny promised to build road junctions from "Lakhta Center" before the end of its construction in 2018. How do you assess the performance of these obligations?
- As such commitments of the city authorities, it was before Gazprom. There was responsibility to citizens, in particular residents of the Primorsky district. Plans for road infrastructure facilities were announced back in 2009, three years before our appearance on the site. Unfortunately, the speed of their implementation is lower than I would like. We hope that next year work will begin on the construction of the overpass between the seaside highway and the territory of the southern part of Lakhta-Olginino, as well as several auxiliary roads. According to the data that we have, similar objects are usually built in two years.
- So, the disconnection will appear after the opening of the "Lachta of the Center", and the area will be standing in traffic jams?
- We simulated the transport situation in the Lakhta Center area and found out that the project will not damage the current transport infrastructure. Transport flows that will generate our complex are reversing. While in the morning, residents of the bedrooms will go to work in the center of St. Petersburg, our employees will guide on a practically empty seaside highway to work towards Lakhta. And the same situation will repeat in the evening when our employees at 18 - 19 hours will go home to the center, and the highway will stand in traffic from the city.
Now there are 11 thousand people at the facility. Everywhere around you can see parked cars, which is not very pleased with the locals. How do you solve this problem?
- Already at the initial stage of construction, we organized the delivery of workers by buses. This is happening now. But at the current stage, the number of highly qualified personnel involved in the installation and commissioning of engineering systems has significantly increased. They do not use a centralized delivery and drive themselves on the machines.
Neither we nor the residents like great amount Personal transport that stands on lawns and along the roads. We are trying to solve this issue in direct communication with the general contractor: include items that it should provide order not only on the site, but also around it; We insist that the number of buses, we work with the police themselves. We try to organize building towns more "vertically", so that there is more space for the organized parking of personal transport. That is, all possible paths We are trying to bring the situation in a normal position.
- And after passing the center where cars will go 10 thousand workers and visitors?
- For the future, we have a spacious underground parking, more than 2,200 cars, under the center of the center, and after its opening, cars workers and guests will not go beyond the limits of the red objects of the object.
- places five times less than workers ...
- It should be understood that a significant part of the staff of the complex is not white collars and not "automotive" people. They will be dealt with public transport.
- What kind of transport?
- A new railway station will be created right in the target of Lakhti Railways. It will be possible to sit on the Finnish station and quickly get to the area "Lachta Center". Russian Railways are ready to start work during the year. And in the future there are plans to restore the two-way branch in this direction, which was 100 years ago on this territory. We hope that we will see these changes by 2020. In the meantime, there will be no this transport infrastructure, there will be a continuous transportation of people from the "Running" shuttle station.
- How will tourists get?
"We expect that tourists will arrive on the water - trial with a large sediment type" Moscow "will dwell in the port of" Hercules ", and the water taxis is smaller - at the pier directly from the tower.
Locals complain that Gazprom promised to build them the park. He appeared on the first images of the project. Now in its place new buildings of the complex. How did it happen?
- We are located on the territory of the former industrial zone. Here we had sand veryans with drags and storms walked into windy weather. This is all to the question of the "destroyed park and when we will refund." He was never.
According to the initial project "Lakhta Center" on parts of our land plot, a recreational zone was provided, which is now called the residents of the park, because in the pictures she looked green and comfortable. But after the decision was made to move the "Gazprom" entirely, the office complex has arisen at this place, which will take an additional amount of personnel. This is the story of the lost principality, which never happened.
- That is, no compensation to residents instead of the mythical park will not be?
- We are not building a residential complex, and the policy "after us at least a flood" is not applicable here. We are going to live here. Accordingly, we are the most interested people that it was comfortable here: both to us, and the closest neighbors, and numerous guests of the complex.
What you can now speak about now is the eastern and southern embankments from the "Lakhta Center", which in the area, landscaping and the level of comfort will be comparable to the park. Next to us is planned to complete reconstruction and the creation of an international sailing center on the basis of the Yacht Club "Hercules", with the entire infrastructure - a hotel and the tower to observe regatta. Also, to the west of our site, the construction of the Tennis Academy is planned, to the east - the placement of the Ecolacera and the Museum-ship "Poltava". Near the "Lachta Center" is now being built a large amphitheater, which can take several thousand people.
In fact, industrial territory will turn into an open, comfortable environment. The project will be absolutely open, and access to it will be all.
- On the start of the construction of the Yacht Club and the Tennis Academy "Fontanka" wrote back in 2013. Why did they never start?
- As far as I know (these projects are not implementing our structure), delays occur partly due to changes in land use legislation, partly due to the delay of adoption master plan Cities for two years. It did not contribute to rapid construction and the overall budget situation. But no one has canceled projects, and they will be implemented.
How much can be seen on Gradplan, it is in these sites that the fooling is now cutting down, which is so worried about local residents?
- Yes, but we actually lead we. Part of the territory that is intended for the construction of a transport junction and sports and leisure infrastructure, we are now renting from the city and temporarily use to organize the construction process. And then we put in order and turn it back to the city already prepared. So, we hope it will be possible to save some time.
- Is it possible to build a dialogue with opponents "Lachta Center"?
- In most cases - yes. Moreover, receiving feedback, we see a clear adoption by the majority of the citizens of our project. But it happens that the constructive dialogue does not develop, because individuals have their own feelings of the inner dream.
- Do you mean an alternative project of one of the local activists?
- Exactly. It offers at the current stage to create instead of the embankment, for example, the beach name named after Alexander Bloka. Or a ready-made amphitheater to do a little differently and elsewhere.
- Is it possible to compare the defenders of Ohta with activists of Lachta?
- No, there was quite another. Ohta was a real urban referendum. It really was a struggle of opinions. Today's conversations compared to it are like the battle of Nanai boys and a professional boxing match.
By the way, in April, it was also said that Gazprom is negotiating with Smolny about the exchange of a plot in Ohta to another. How did it end?
- Now we are not in the stages of negotiations on the exchange of plots with the city. We are looking for a project that would definitely decorate this place, and would not want it to be given for a typical residential building. For myself, we see a social and business center there, perhaps with a residential component. This place is worthy of a landmark project.
Considering that Gazprom has a dialogue with any kind of activists on "Lachta Center", does this mean that the company has learned experience on Okhta?
- Of course, from the point of view of the formation of public opinion St. Petersburg - a special city. There are truly authoritative, recognized leaders of opinions, and any major developer projects need a comprehensive assessment. Building "Lakhta Center", we strive to approach the most carefully to their plans, given the queries of citizens and even to a certain extent looking into the future. But these 4 years of construction, I think we were as open as possible, and everyone who wanted to participate could do it.
But to reconcile all St. Petersburgers with a new dominant, which is visible even from the Petropavlovsk fortress, it still failed ...
- The urban environment of St. Petersburg is quite conservative. In this sense, this is a matter of introducing something new, futuristic, while habitat, which is familiar to residents of St. Petersburg. This is a truly difficult task - one project to create a new architecture in the city of classics.
But we hope that "Lakhta Center" will become a new attraction, a new height for St. Petersburg XXI century. Those urban guidelines, what was the Petropavlovsk fortress in the XVIII century or Isaac in the XIX century.
Ilya Cossacks talked,
"Fontanka.ru"
The skyscraper "Lakhta-Center" was built up on 35 floors (147 meters) and installed a new record among all buildings of St. Petersburg.
There is one building above - television, and this is not considered. In addition, in 2017 the building will be 2 times higher, and by 2018 the height of the skyscraper will be 462 meters. It will be higher than the "Federation" tower in business center "Moscow City" in the capital will become the highest building in Europe.
Until now, the city record belonged to the Moscow Region "Tower leader", which, by the way, is the highest building in the world in the northern latitudes. From historical buildings, Petropavlovsky Cathedral is leading with its 122 and a half meters, conceived as the main dominant city. But technology is stronger.
We will remind, the construction of Gazprom headquarters was accompanied by the fights of town designers with the authorities, because initially its construction was not planned in Lakhte on the shore of the Gulf of Finland, but in a small ohunt on the right bank of the Neva. The authorities believed that this would be a new symbol of the Northern Capital, and the inhabitants were against the tower almost in the center. Now people and authorities have agreed. It is planned that "megasocofering" will attract financial matches from all over the world. It has already fallen into the "Guinness Book of Records" for the most huge foundation in the world. It was filled with 49 hours. "Lakhta-Center" today 
"Lakhta Center" according to plan in 2018 
Foundation-record holder "Lakhta-Center" 
Construction plan 
Interior view of "Lakhta Center" according to plan 
The highest building in the northern latitudes in the world is "leader-tower" on the square. Constitution 
Architectural dominant of the northern capital until 1962 (a television has been built in that year)
"Lachta Center":
What is worth
For high-speed
turns
Partner project
Skyscrapers are avant-garde of the construction industry. Super high buildings always demand from their creators of a special approach. In 2018, the construction of "Lakhta Center" will end in St. Petersburg, which will be the most high skyscraoms Europe. What technologies are used to build a St. Petersburg giant?
New height of Europe
The Social and Business Complex "Lakhta Center" is built in the Primorsky district of St. Petersburg, on the coast of the Gulf of Finland. It will be the headquarters of Gazprom Group and the Gazprom Neft Group, another part of the square will take public spaces: a scientific and educational complex for children and young people, planetarium, exhibition spaces, medical and sports centers, multifunctional transformer hall and others.
The complex consists of four structures: a multifunctional building with an atrium, stylobate (there will be placed parking and auxiliary rooms), the architect the main entrance and a skyscraper of 462 meters high. It is he who will be the highest not only in Russia, but also throughout Europe. The Super Toll "Lachta Center" 88 meters will grow out the current European record holder - the "Federation" tower in Moscow-City - and will be on the 11th place of the world high-altitude rating.
Construction in the swamp
It is an opinion that Petersburg is built on viscous soils, and it is impossible to build skyscrapers here. Specialists answer: you can build everywhere, but you need a good calculation. The construction of the St. Petersburg SuperToll was preceded by a year and a half engineering and geological research. The authors of the project studied geological, geodesic, environmental, historical and cultural features of the site.
It turned out that weak soils constitute only the top layer. The Venndsky skyline lies under it - these are the oldest clay, which is 635-540 million years. Durable as a rock soil or concrete, these clays are an excellent support for a skyscraper. But it is not easy to get to them: on the way of construction equipment - deposits glacial period in the form of giant boulders and sandy splees with gravel. The research complex, the calculations and attentive tests became the basis for creating the design of the "Lachta Center".
Device: base
Piles and protective wall
From pressure and water in upper layers Soil The foundation protects the five-marched underground construction around the perimeter of the base of the skyscraper. Its height is 30 meters, the length of the walls is more than 300 meters. Inside the pentagon, 264 piles are set to a depth of up to 82 meters. Their diameter is 2 meters. These are the wider piles in the world. The piles of the foundation of the skyscraper are not clogged, but create it right on the spot - in the ground. The mine is pithed, then installed Armokarkas and poured concrete.
Foundation
The foundation of a skyscraper is based on piles. It consists of three plates separated by ten radial walls, diverging "rays" from the kernel. The most famous of the plates is lower, a thickness of 3.6 meters. It was she who got into the Guinness Book of Records: Builders for 49 hours laid 19,624 cubic meters of concrete into the base of the building. Moreover, the uniqueness of the plate is not in physical size, but in the technique that provides the necessary bearing capacity with optimal design sizes.
Read more about the record at the site "Lakhta Center"
Each pile under the tower is a separate complex engineering building height with a 30-storey house. Its monitoring of its construction is a whole system that includes video monitoring and ultrasonic sensors lowered to the shaft in the shaft, installed in the pile frame valves to determine the density and lack of emptiness.
Pressure check
The weight of the Tower of Lakhta Center will be 670 thousand tons, which give rise to a comparatively small area. Under pressure, the soil will be compacted, and the skyscraper is to settle - like any other building. The main task is that this sediment takes place uniformly and the building has not deviated from the vertical. To monitor the behavior of the soil, the underground structures and their interaction created a geomonitoring system, which combines 4800 sensors.
Sensors are placed in the ground, and in all elements of underground tower designs. Thus, 95 sensors "follow" for vertical movements, 40 - for pore soil pressure, 336 measured deformations in piles, 10 - pressure under the basement basement, 2136 - the dynamics of effort in the foundation designs. All sensors are combined into automatic system. After the construction of every five new floors of the Tower, the system issues a complete report on what is happening with the soil, pile, foundation. Such knowledge is useful not only for builders, but also for scientific research.
Vertical control
The sediment may go uniformly. But after all, the building itself can be built with a slope. It will be not surprising at height in almost half a kilometer: the non-corrected deviation in 1 mm below will lead to a deviation of 1 meter at the top. Lakhta Center cannot afford a strong deflection: a skyscraper is stable "in the slope", only if it is specifically designed (such as Capital Gate - a building with the greatest inclination in the world: at 160 meters of height - 18 degrees of the roll). The maximum permitted deflection of the "Lachta Center" kernel is 6 millimeters per 462 meters. And the goal is to shift the devote of deviation to zero, although in world practice it is not possible to achieve absolute zero until anyone managed.
How does St. Petersburg Super Toll turn into the Pisa Tower?
There are examples of buildings in the world that successfully exist in a state of deviation from vertical meters. For example, the church of 1382 in Bad Frankenezen: the rejection of the spire from the vertical is 4.45 meters at the "Roste" of 25 meters.
Device: Design
The skyscraper can not just build "how long the bricks are enough." There are different systems that ensure the stability of super high buildings. The "Lachta Center" tower, it consists of kernel, outriggers and carrying columns around the perimeter of the building.
It is a "tube" with a diameter of 24.5 meters with a thickness of a reinforced concrete wall of 0.8 meters. Responsible for vertical stability.
Outriggers
Outriggers located on the technical floors consist of an annular beam around the kernel and the diagonal metal farms and columns from it. These elements transmit efforts from the kernel to the external columns and reduce the supporting moment at the bottom of the building, and also give horizontal rigidity - for example, the swinging of the wind tower is quenched. In total outriggers in the tower "Lakhta Center" - five, of which four have the kind of dual floors, and the fifth is atypical, in the form of a powerful reinforced concrete "washer"
Made of composite materials - a steel core with a reinforced concrete shell. Such a decision was applied for the first time in civil engineering in Russia. Thanks to him, the cost of the columns is significantly reduced, and the term of construction
it is reduced by 40% other things being equal.
Circular shape
According to the creators, the Lakhta Center tower was conceived as the modern interpretation of the high-altitude dominant, standing out against the background of the traditional horizontal building of St. Petersburg. Her "counterparts" - the spire of the Petropavlovsky Cathedral, the Admiralty needle, the dome of St. Isaac's Cathedral - decorate the city center, while the new Super Toll will be organized by the element in the rapidly developing Primorsky district. The new skyscraper got the role of the main accent of the business space, which will arise on the line of the "Marine Facade" of the city.
"The form of the building symbolizes the water energy, the flow of spaces, openness and ease, explain the authors of the project. - the effect of weightlessness and the maximum merge of the future complex with environmental It will be strengthened due to the use of a special type of glass, due to which, depending on the time of day, the high-rise building will change the color, which will create a feeling of a "live object".
Device: Facade
The "Lachta Center" tower twists around its axis 90 degrees. There are certain features in the construction of such a building. For example, due to expansion, narrowing and "twist", all 189 thousand components of the tower metal structures differ from each other (strictly speaking, just two). Also differ in shape and bending. Facade elements: 16,505 panels cover an area of \u200b\u200b72,500 square meters, and 71% of double-glazed windows differ from each other with dimensions and its geometry. Each glass size 2.8 per 4.2 meters, weight 740 kilograms. To maintain such a whimsical structure, a special facade service system has been developed (abbreviated Sofa). With its help, the facades will be maintained clean, and if necessary and repaired.
How to collect 189,000 items and never make a mistake?
Based on the future
The conquest of height is always a question of the availability of relevant technologies. Elevator, ventilation, electricity - At one time, precisely, all these "new items" were performed first. After a successful start, the production of technologies has become massive: from the category of exclusive benefits, they switched to the category of minimum standards in the construction of already typical housing and public buildings.
The construction of skyscrapers is due to the development of modern lifting construction equipment, the invention of structures of buildings stability, the introduction of new fire safety technologies, modern high-strength building materials. High-rise construction - an area where an order for high-tech solutions is being formed, which will then go into other areas of our life.
"Walking" mechanisms for the construction of a skyscraper
Petersburg "Lakhta Center" actively introduces technologies - something for the first time at the regional and Russian construction market, something on the world. The value of this construction for the construction industry can be assessed later, but now it is clear how the environment changes: joint manufacturing enterprises appear, qualified personnel are growing, suppliers use new technical solutions - so many heights are assessed in quality standards.
To the pouring of the bottom plate was prepared in advance, because it is impossible to "remake". Participants rehearsed everything that is possible. For example, 13 concrete vendor plants trained in the manufacture of concrete mix on a unique recipe until it reached its absolute identity.
The fill speed amounted to more than 400 cubic meters per hour, and mixers made more than 2450 flights. The process was organized so that about the event local residents They learned from the media - there was no additional traffic jam on the loaded seaside highway, no noise from the construction site.
Delite deviations are followed by geodesists. In their arsenal, seven equipment systems (optical and laser), duplication helps to double-check the instrument readings. Three of the seven geodesic systems are presented in Russia for the first time, but managed to establish themselves well on the world's leading construction projects.
The global geodesic premiere is a pulsed high-speed laser scanner with a two-axis compensator. The device is first used on the construction of a skyscraper. With it, the builders of Lacht Center are tested by the position of metal structures inside the concrete medium in manufacturing, for example, composite columns with a steel core inside the concrete structure.
To maintain the kernel, the "Space" technology is used strictly vertical - the TRIMBLE 4D Control geodesic device. It uses a satellite signal and a system of geoditors installed on the construction site. Using the GPS and GLONASS testimony, the system determines the exact coordinates of the kernel and the displacement delta, which is constantly adjusted based on the data obtained.
Bim is used for assembly - relatively new technology for Russia. It is a virtual three-dimensional building model that combines all project documentation data. When adding a measurement of time, a virtual technology of construction of an object is built: projects for organizing construction, works, supply logistics. In the "Lacht Center" to the standard use of the model added another application. Because of its complex geometry, the tower is collected from metal structures, each of which has the only possible place of installation. The correct assembly is controlled, including using BIM. The designs supplied to the site have barcodes associated with the BIM model. The detail code uniquely indicates its place of installation in the overall design.
About the Petersburg Super Toll Builders say that he is "handmade". We are talking about the uniqueness of solutions, and as for labor - automate everything that is possible. For example, to build the kernel use the system "sliding" (automated) formwork.
Formwork is a form for concreting formed by two rows of shields, the space between which is the future wall of the kernel. Concrete poured between shields and freezes.
An ordinary formwork must be fastened, rearranged to a new place and collect anew - giant time loss and performance. And automatic as concrete is mounted "moves" using hydraulic jacks.
Similar self-fixed tools in the Lakhta construction site are very loved. According to a similar principle, windscreen on the tower - its panels will slide after the formwork. The "walking" mechanisms include a crane in the core of the Tower - the first of this kind in St. Petersburg.