An article on the regeneration of industrial territories. Town planning regeneration of part of the industrial territory of the Krasnoarmeysky district of the city of Volgograd on the principles of flexibility and sustainability

The solution of many problems in ensuring the sustainable development of the modern city depends on the targeted activities for the regeneration of the urban environment, in particular, on the use of those industrial territorieswhich have lost their functions. Essentially we are talking On environmental rehabilitation of territories in order to partially restore their natural potential and environmental recovery.

In the process of the development of the city, part of industrial territories is derived from permanent use, maintaining, mainly engineering infrastructure and many production structures. The transformation of such fragments of the urban structure into a source of environmental tension is largely due to the fact that they, as a rule, there are no elements of landscaping and improvement, soil cover is disturbed or destroyed. Among the most characteristic features Former industrial territories include the cost of building, the lack of composite and functional relations with the environment, the inorganization of pedestrian approaches.

At the same time, in its territorial placement, many of industrial sites have convenient connections with water spaces and are located near the historic districts of the city. The character of the post-industrial landscape becomes especially conflict in relation to the adjacent residential buildings, for the inhabitants of which such a neighborhood is reflected on environmental conditions and reduces permanent contact with nature.

Under these conditions, the phased return of nature into such urban spaces means the transition to a more sustainable environment of the environment, but it is fundamentally important to choose new functions of the territory and individual industrial facilities that meet environmental and aesthetic requirements. The harmonization of the medium in this case involves a differentiated attitude to the remained industrial buildings, the choice of the most rational relationship of the transformation, restoration or reconstruction of the landscape. The new quality of the post-industrial landscape is determined by the interests of its full use by the population, but largely due to the achievement of greater aesthetic consistency with the nearest environment.

The landscape organization of the former industrial areas it is necessary to solve such problems as the formation of a system of pedestrian directions and buffer vehicles, determining the sequence and optimal dimensions of recreated landscaped areas, reducing the negative effects of surfaces with asphalt coating, restoring the impaired sections of the shores of water bodies, eliminating the effects of the placement of various landfills.

One of the main reserves in improving the environmental sustainability of the post-industrial landscape is to use open spaces In the intervals between production buildings to increase the natural potential of the territory. A qualitative change in the medium in this case implies a comprehensive consideration of existing production buildings and their environment to create a system of spaces that have the opportunity for sharing depending on the new features made.

It should be noted that even while maintaining only several industrial buildings, followed by the construction of the most detailed destination buildings, including residential and public with a wide range of functions. The transformation of them in a kind of space symbols can largely contribute to the landscape organization of their environment, which corresponds to the nature of the new use of an industrial building.

The use of landscape design in such a context is determined by the peculiarities of placing rechailized buildings with respect to the main pedestrian and transport links, the scale of open spaces and the nature of their upcoming use. The streamlining of the main approaches to the object, compliance with the selected scheme of functional zoning, giving the characteristic geometry to the space and the conversion of the Earth's surface make up the features and directions for the use of landscape design in the qualitative updating of the former industrial territories.

Accommodation in the territory and in the buildings of the former industrial enterprise "IWKA Karlsruhe - Augsburg" of the modern center of art and media technologies in Karlsruhe (Germany) in 1997 became one of the examples of a radical revision of the role of an industrial facility in updating the urban landscape. The 300-meter production body that does not have a special architectural expressiveness was turned into a unique leisure complex based on the use of the latest technological advances.

The harmony of the medium around the former industrial enterprise is manifested in no less relief in the evening due to the successful solution of the highlighting system of trees built into the ground surface in each of the modules.

Given the acute need for organizing the leisure of residents of districts, adjacent to industrial zones, it is advisable to use all existing wasteland for carrying out work on the transformation of the landscape. The transformation of individual industrial facilities into centers of culture, science and technology involves the corresponding changes in their nearest environment. The quality of the medium, its expressiveness and diversity becomes one of the most significant criteria in assessing the suitability of former industrial areas for multifunctional use. Holding exhibitions and musical festivals, concerts and open-air performances, the arrangement of children's gaming spaces in an unconventional environment is only part possible options Filling the post-industrial landscape.

The phased transformation of the landscape of industrial territories of a major city makes it possible to include in the sphere of use by the population of previously inaccessible areas that have lost their initial functions and declining. Return of nature on such territories, its compensating impact on the environment can manifest itself most noticeable if the continuous system of green spaces is created.

One of the variants of such a transformation was the drainage of the city channel in Berlin, which has lost its original importance as water communication within the industrial area, followed by creating a system of landscapped spaces. Conducting such changes in the structure of the landscape made it possible to solve a number of environmental, aesthetic and social problems. Instead of polluted water space, the population received a system of blooming small gardens and pleasure alleys located between the high walls along the shores of the former canal. Isolated from noisy and tanned urban transport highways, this fragment of the territory has become a place for walking, recreation of the population of various age groups and children's games.

The landscape organization of the former bed of the city canal was to divide the plots for pedestrian walks and seats of quiet rest, large-scale distinction between the extended space and the creation of contrasting decorative compositions from flowers and shrubs at the intersection of several channels. The use of curly vegetation allowed to create a "green gallery" along the coastal wall and visually reduce the scale of the open space.

These examples of creating compensating nature on the former industrial territories indicate the need for a phased change in these fragments of the urban environment for the purpose of the most efficient use of territorial reserves of the city to increase its environmental sustainability and improving the living conditions of the population.

In October, in Tver Boulevard, everyone who is interested in the future of the capital, the architecture and development of the urban environment will be able to watch a substantive open-air photo exhibition "Regeneration of industrial territories: experience of the cities of the world." The exhibition presents 14 cities in the world, where at different times the renovation of former Commons was conducted: London, Bilbao, Lyon, Hamburg, Milan, Berlin, New York, Amsterdam, Buenos Aires, etc. Moscow is represented by the largest and ambitious project of the decade - By the transformation of 65 hectares Zil Promsons to a new area and territory of art with the speaking name "Zilart". In the post-industrial era, the economically developed areas of cities often come in decline: plants are closed and displayed on the outskirts, workers are experiencing the launch of old ports, the shipyards, warehouses, and railway branches are preserved. For regeneration, that is, the recruitment, restoration of such abandoned spaces requires severe will, public brainstorming and substantial investment. After all, this is a whole range of measures aimed at combating the economic, physical, environmental and social degradation of extensive territories. The reuse of former industrial zones solves the problem of searching for development sites, preventing the growth of cities and at the same time by providing a place for high-quality housing, parks, cultural and shopping centers. The creation of jobs in the newly formed quarters is also a plus of such projects. Examples of successful regeneration in the world set. This is the creation of a unique city medium at the site of inactive docks in the east of London. And education along the coastline of Oslo at once 13 new areas. And increase due to the Confluence plan twice the central part of Lyon - an unprecedented case for the Old Town. International practice has become an invitation to such projects of star architectural teams. Citylife's Milan was involved in the Hadid, Daniel Libeskind and Arat Isodzaki, in Hamburg Hafencity - Jacques Herzog and Pierre De Meron, Frank Geri worked in Bilbao, Renzo Druno. It is worth noting the Puerto Madera district in Buenosayes, in the development of which Santiago Calatrava, Norman Foster, Cesar Pelly, Alan Foster and Philip Stark: For more than 60 years, it was a criminogenic port area, where the townspeople were afraid even to stick his nose - now they are actively acquired here And dream to get a job in the local offices. Very soon and Moscow will enter the list of urban newsmeters, and Muscovites will receive a unique residential complex Zilart. The period of rebirth is now experiencing the territory of the former industrial giant - the plant them. I. A. Likhacheva, limited to the Embankment of Moskvareki and the line of the Small Ring Railway. In addition to more than a million square meters of housing, the Museum Center "HermitationMoscow", concert hall, theaters, arthrolera, schools, kindergartens will be erected here. Famous Russian architects Yuri Grigoryan, Sergey Choban, Evgeny Gerasimov, Sergey Skuratov, Evgeny Gerasimko, Sergey Skuratov, Oleg Kharchenko, Alexander Brodsky, Architectural bureau "Timailo Lyashenko & Partners", "Mesonproproekt", as well as world celebrities: American architect Hani Rashid (Asymptote Architecture) And the Dutch Willle Yang Neutelings and Mihil Ridijek (Neutelings Riedijk Architecten). Muscovites will first see such an extensive photo of the transformation of abandoned commander of the entire world in well-maintained areas. The photo exhibition is located on Tver Boulevard, from the theater. Pushkin to MCAT them. Gorky - 14 cities, 46 photos. (WebGallery) (/ WebGallery)

Introduction

In the structure of the developing modern city in last years The problem of renovation of industrial territories is particularly relevant. The term renovation means the adaptive use of buildings, structures, complexes when the change in their functional purpose is understood.

The feasibility of renovation, the introduction of alternative functions determine social, economic, psychological, historical and aesthetic factors. Many industrial enterprises are transferred from the city center on its outskirts to the area. If the industrial use of the territory is refusing to reduce the negative impact on the environment.

The use of internal territories, the architectural and spatial and functional organization of which today does not correspond to their urban-planning significance and potential, usually does not involve renovation and restoration of enterprises. Therefore, one of the use of the territory of the territory is the complete demolition of the existing object and the construction of a new function from zero. ( Gelizen Quarter Kirch, Germany, Arch. M. Kovalski - on the territory of the furnace manufacturing plant) [adj. one].

But with this method, the costs of demolition of objects are significantly incremented, to clearing the territory and so on. Moreover, in many cases, production buildings are architectural monuments and are protected by the state (which is very characteristic of our city [ ]).

That is why in this work I want to consider examples of various options for the transformation of industrial areas and objects with the preservation of buildings and changing the function, analyze the experience different countries and architectural workshops.

1. V.S. Anthoshchenkov. Course of lectures "Modern urban planning"

Center for Arts and Media Technologies in Karsrue

You would like to start a comparison with examples from foreign design practices.

The first object that I would like to consider is - Center for Arts and Media Technologies in Karsrue (Zentrum Für Kunst Und Medienchenologie Karlsruhe), Germany [Admission 2].

Accommodation in 1997 on the territory and in the buildings of the IKWA-Carlsruhe-Augsburg Industrial Enterprise "of the modern public center has become one of the examples of a radical revision of the role of an industrial facility in updating the city landscape. Wide, three floors of the factory building blocks are symmetrically arranged around ten inland courtyards. The building is made of concrete frames with a filling of brick masonry by facades. Abandoned to the seventies, and then occupied by artists, ultimately the building was translated into a number of industrial architectural monuments.

Competition for reconstruction, maintenance and expansion of the building of the plant won the ASP Schweger Assoziierte architectural workshop. Architects successfully retained the 1918 building and introduced new high-tech elements. For example, to avoid negative influence Noise and vibrations on the building, the sound studio was carried out beyond the factory in the form of a large glass cube in front of the facade.

Modern electronic technologies, as a rule, require space - no more than an ordinary box, so on an industrial scale halls, with large spans, the factory represented a potentially perfect container.

Broken courtyards with lanterns and transforming internal spaces, architects achieved an ideal modern and functional space. The solar generators placed on the roofs feed the tramways of the adjacent territories.

Special attention on this facility was paid to the transformation of the site around the building, an attempt to create the most natural possible natural complex Around the building, thereby playing contrasts between high technologies and returning to nature when leaving the building. Problem with parking was solved by a plated parking device throughout the building. The whole area above this garage is a green lawn, with eight modules of artificial relief with planting trees. Modules are made of metal sheets, thus keeping the "memory of the place", its industrial past.

1. Mixed Media - Architectural Design of An Art Center In Karlsruhe, Germany. The Architectural Review, April, 1998 by Layla Dawson
2. V.A. Nefedov. Landscaping and stability of the medium. - SPb, 2002

Gasgolders in Vienna

The next object that attracted my attention - complex of Gazagolders in Vienna, Austria [adj. 3, 4].

Gasgolders were built in Vienna between 1896 and 1899. Initially, these bulky buildings (62 m inner diameter and 72 meters high) served as gas tanks, but in 1970 they became not claimed and all the technical equipment was removed. The brick shell remained and 90,000 cubic meters of internal space, protected as architectural monuments.

In 1995, it was decided to transform the function of existing gas holders in housing and shopping and business premises. After the competition, 4 architectural workshops were determined, each of which took one of the 4 buildings to work: COOP-HIMMELB (L) AU, Manfred Wehdorn, Wilhelm Holzbauer and Jean Nouvel.

All architects approached the conversion of buildings in different ways. In Nouvel, the inner part consists of 9 segments located in a circle, with a slight indentation from the existing walls. Here is a 14-storey accommodation. Inside there is a shopping center, overlapped by a dome, having a connection with all 4 Gazgolders surrounded by lawn and vegetation. In the project, Nouvelev also had an idea to create their own microclimate inside the Gazagolder, hiding under the dome climatic equipment, but it was not realized.

The Gazagolder "B" was instructed by the workshop COOP HIMMELB (L) AU. If all other architects formed only internal volumes, then Wulf Priss offered to supplement 3 new forms, and one of them is outside, thereby showing modern architecture to those who do not get inside the complex. Inside the building - a cylindrical volume with offices, outside - a broken flat form-screen, also with office premises, and on the 1st floor there is a multifunctional room for public events, shops and entertainment.

In the project, the architects inside the Gazgolder is divided into 8 sectors, each of which is in height divided into functional areas: housing, offices, trade, parking (top down). The yard over the garage is blocked by a large glass dome, forming a recreational public zone.

Wilhelm Holzbauer approached the design of the 4th Gazgolder filling in one way. There is no general internal space in his project. On the contrary, the cylindrical volume of the residential building rises inside the entire height. From it three blades deposits depart, although the entire internal volume of 3 yards thus.

In addition to the 4 main buildings, the complex includes many other buildings of various infrastructure. This includes an entertainment center, built by Rüdiger Lainer, and a shopping mall-gallery that connects Gazgolders. Big development complex got underground.

These buildings were a kind of closure of the industrial zone. Absolutely closed, self-sufficient structure, towering over warehouses and wasteland. After reconstruction, they remained the culmination of the entire area. Only now it is not abandoned skeletons, but attractive fashionable offices, apartments and shops. In my opinion, this is one of the most successful world examples of the reconstruction of the industrial facility of this scale. And as the Prix itself says: "... The Gasometer Project IS A Rear Example Of Local Urban Center Creating A Tension Between The City's Historical Core and New Developments" - "... Project of Gazagolders is one of the rare examples of urban centers that create a close relationship between the historical core of the city and the new, developing building ".

High-rise center Melbourne

High-rise center Melbourne [Appendix 5]. This object is interesting from the point of view of the originality of the interaction of a historic building and a new building.

Melbourne residents consider their city the most "Technically equipped" In the southern hemisphere, this complex is often called "Colisury of consumers". The author of his project is Kisho Noriaki Kurokawa.

The construction of a complex located in the historic center of the city was conducted in 1986-1991. It consists of a high-altitude office building, a futuristic mall shopping center, as well as other cultural and entertainment institutions. The 55-storey skyscraper hangs over the neighboring shopping center; When finishing its facades, various materials were used: aluminum, stone, mirror and tinted glass.

Japanese motives are clearly felt in the construction. A part of the shopping center is a huge 20-storey glass cone. Inside it is a monument to Australian history - a brick tower built in 1894 is the only preserved building of the former factory for the production of lead pipes, once standing at this place.

In this case, the existing tower did not play much importance from an architectural point of view. However, this is an important high-altitude dominant Melbourne, to which residents of the city are accustomed to. This is a part of the past, urban history, which Kurokave carefully retained, defending a glass cone by making it a detail of the interior of the new shopping center.

As Kurokawa says: "One of the methods for creating multivalued and dual architecture is the citation of fragments of historical symbols".

New Holland

We gradually move on to Russian territories and to begin with, consider the project of Sir Norman phoster, his offer for renovation of the territories of the island of New Holland [Arr. 6].

New Holland will be a triangular form of an island in St. Petersburg on its own supports with a variety of cultural institutions posted on an area of \u200b\u200b7.6 hectares. The project includes the theater room, meeting rooms, gallery, hotel, hotel, shops, apartments and restaurants with a moving arena in the center.

Wonderful historical buildings, originally intended for storing timber, will be converted to hotels and retailers, which will be interconnected by a number of rooms for performing and visual art types. A whole range of business buildings, located around the perimeter of the "triangle", will make the island center of business activity, and not only the entertainment center.

Following the contours of the existing port pool, the open-air arena will surround the theater, boutiques and restaurants with water views. It is intended mainly for open-air ideas, if necessary, can be filled with water (for the regatta), as well as to float ice for use as roller. The project also provides infrastructure for connecting to the city. New bridges and roads will be built.

In my opinion, this project is one of the most decent large-scale projects in the center of St. Petersburg for lately. Warehouse territory empty long yearsFinally, it can become public domain. Foster with special care thinks over every detail of the new complex. Attention is paid to both the color of the roofs and the preservation of poplars and other vegetation, which was offered to remove even the St. Petersburg Public Council, and even the composition of light lamps in the roofs, because of the unwanted light of which the island at night can change its usual black silhouette. I would like the same attention to other projects of the new building in the city center.

1. Pavel Nikiforov. "Norman Foster defended Topol New Holland"

Water Museum

One of the well-known objects of the industrial facility, made by our architects - museum of water in the territory of the enterprise "Vodokanal" [Arr. 7].

The reconstruction of the Water Tower Building is the first experience of the revival of old industrial buildings that have lost their former purpose in St. Petersburg. This project is an experiment to mix the styles of the XIX and XXI century. The main task was to restore, cleansing from later "layers" and adapt to new functions of the internal spaces of the tower. Preserving the integrity of interiors - beautiful halls with arched floors.

"But the way we have provided this" conservation "belongs to a completely different architectural strategy. This is rather a sign, a functional sculpture. Not just a strong form - the form is meaningful. The architectural essence of any tower is the desire, and the glass vertical staircase opens this movement, usually hidden from the eye of the viewer. A brick building is duplicated by losing its materiality at the same time. - says Evgeny Podgornov, head of the "Intercumnium" workshop.

The red-brick octa moorman of the water tower, designed by architects Merez and Schubers in 1860-1863, is associated with water only functionally: monolithic volume denies all fluidity. The architects of the studio "Intercumnium", a reconstructive tower, managed to solve not only the questions of meaningful - accommodation in the Tower of the Museum of Water, but also figurative. Requirements for the preservation of historical interiors of the tower caused the removal of the elevator and stairs into a separate extension. It was she who became the main accent of reconstruction. In its forms and material, you can read the image of water. Together with the tower, the territory around the museum was successfully transformed. The square is broken, the fountain is arranged, the sculptures are set.

Gallery Yakuta

As a negative example, the Moscow project can be brought as a negative example Gallery Yakuta [Arr. eight]. An attempt to make an art gallery in the Gazagolder building of the ARMA gas factory, on the manner of the Austrian project, it seems to me, was not implemented. The creation of a glamorous club and gallery was reflected only on the internal appearance of the building, and it is not successful. Monotonously overlapped with beams and stoves internally space is not a successful example of solving a difficult problem.

Gallery is only the 1st attempt to convert the factory in a business park, a device of offices, trading is planned. I would like to further design more successfully. As an example, the graduate graduates of 1998 (authors O. Dychtenko, E. Winov) can be brought as an example.

Golden Island

Now let's turn to not yet implemented projects, let's see what awaits us in the near future.

In Moscow, the whole is a discussion of the project "Gold Island" [Arr. nine].

The Golden Island program covers the territory of the island opposite the Kremlin from the Grand Moskioretsky bridge to the monument to Peter Great on the Isle Arrow and for the first time creates conditions for the integrated development of the territory of the historic center area of \u200b\u200bmore than 40 hectares. We are also interested in part of the island, which now occupied by the factory "Red October" - the western tip of the island.

The factory hulls that are monuments of industrial architecture, after its output it is planned to reconstruct. Given the height of the premises and architecture of buildings, it is planned to place various public functions and individual "lofts" - the places of residence and work of artists, sculptors and representatives of other creative professions.

At the place of the demolitional facilities of the factory, not representing architectural value, it is planned to build an elite residential complex. On the western part of the arrow of the island in a place surrounded by water and remote from the city highways, a hotel, cafes and restaurants will be located.

This territory, by virtue of its geographic location, itself is a very attractive recreational and pleasure zone. All embankments on this site turn into a landscaped pleasure zone, designed for free visits to Muscovites and guests of the capital. The western part of the arrow will be connected by pedestrian bridges with a platform of a monument to Peter I and a park of arts.

Successful in this place is solved and the problem of parking. Two-storey underground parking area of \u200b\u200babout 50 thousand sq.m. It will be located under the bottom of the hydraulic structure of the drainage channel between the monument to Peter I and the Small Stone Bridge. The underground parking space connects to the underground part of the center of the center of the center on the island arrow.

Red proletarian

Well, finally, consider the non-implemented project, the architectural and planning concept of development and restructuring of the plant "Red Procelet"proposed by the famous Moscow architect Sergey Skuratov [Arr. 10].

In the planning structure of the projected territory, the interpenetration of two town planning areas is seen: "white" and "red". Their interaction, based on the color solving of the red-brick and white-stone architecture of the monastery, becomes the main styrene-forming theme of the New Quarter. At the same time, the red color is monastic and red-brick industrial buildings. White color of the decorative finish of monuments of classical Moscow architecture and the main color of the new, light and dynamic architecture of the 20th century. Such a shaped solution allows you to simultaneously save the "Genius of the Place" and rehabilitate it under new life and new features.

The whole territory of the quarter is divided according to the principle of "private - public" into two categories of spaces. The first category of spaces - pedestrian boulevards, combined with transport entrance to the houses. Ten yard spaces raised above the ground for 4 meters, combine all residential buildings. In each group, a different number of houses, a different configuration in terms of and different functional saturation. In the central zone of all the yard spaces are laughed in large trees. The perimeter of yards has a different geometry and a different solution.

Under the pedestrian transport zones, the boulevards are organized underground parking lots with car wash, gymnastes for tenants at the rate of two cars per apartment, guest engine shop and accommodation for employees. At the crossroads of two pedestrian zones, the area is organized by a European-scale area with a hotel building and a shopping and entertainment center for residents of the area.

Conclusion

Thus, on examples from the domestic and foreign practice of architectural design and urban planning, we considered various options and methods of introducing new architecture into an existing historical industrial building. There are quite a lot of different approaches, and many of them are successful and justified.

The policy of renovation of industrial territories in particular is relevant for our city [ for St. Petersburg - approx. ed.]. Petersburg may lose unique industrial architectural monuments if the city government does not accept decisive measures to restore them. Many buildings of factories and factories, built in past centuries, are in the extremely launched state today, while remaining architectural monuments.

To return to all monuments, the initial species without investment funds today is not possible today, which is why the city lay high hopes for tenants and owners of historical buildings. The policy of creating something new, rethinking industrial buildings will lead to the influx of funds, investors, will make it possible to recreate and maintain monuments.

Complexes of factories and factories built in St. Petersburg in the XVIII - early XX centuries were originally designed as objects forming a huge industrial space of the city. These are whole ensembles, whose architecture according to their expressiveness and beauty is not inferior to other monuments of history and culture.

Experience of foreign workshops, as well as the intended projects of our architects, is very important. Abandoned industrial buildings in the city There are many, for example on the waterfront Channel embankment. In our city, the new architecture is always a compromise, therefore, the practice of a classic language connection with the language of the modern architecture is widely used in the West is considered as a radical gesture. Therefore, in order to embody, it must be deeply understood and motivated.

Maxim Andreev, St. Petersburg, December 2007
This article is a subjective opinion of the author
When using materials reference to the author is obligatory

In the business tour program: Lectures ("Economics of low-rise construction", "Design of quarters", "Key factors for building settlements and small cities", "future technology"); Business meetings with representatives of the administration of Brussels, Masrycht, Eindhoven, Helmond, Dutch and Belgian developers; acquaintance with famous Belgian architects; Excursions for residential and commercial real estate (Brussels, Masrycht, Eindhoven, Helmond); Acquaintance with the sights of Brussels, Masrycht, Eindhoven, Helmond.

Provides transfer to Russian. Upon completion of the work, the participant's certificate is issued.
The cost of participation in payment until May 31 - 1380 Euro *, after May 31 - 1560 euros. * (This amount includes flight Moscow-Brussels-Moscow economy class, accommodation in a double room in a hotel 3 *, Schengen visa and medical insurance. In addition, group lectures with translation into Russian) are included in the price).

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PROGRAM

June 24, Sunday. Arrival in Brussels. Transfer from the airport to hotels.
Dinner in the Grand Place area (central part of the city) with George Borovittsitz, Director of the Marketing of Besix and George Binde, Managing Partner of Buildings & Data.

June 25, Monday.
Breakfast in the hotel.
9:30. Belgium on the junction modern tendencies European architecture. introduction BUILDINGS & DATA Executive Director George Binda (author of a number of architectural bestsellers) and executive director of the CLI, Professor of the Institute of Economics of the City, Professor of the Institute of Higher Architecture of La Cambre, a member of the Urbanism of Brussels of Christian Lasserra
10:00. The main town planning principles of Brussels. Priority to low-rise construction. Report of the Head of Management of the City Planning Methodology of the City of Brussels, Benoit Perilo.
10:30 - 11:30. CENTRAL PLAZA project. Case-Study. Redevelopment territory on the basis of the decision of the city council. Co-promoters: representative of the developer company EGIMO; Representative of the Architectural Bureau Art & Build Architects.
11:35 - 12:30. Excursion to Central Plaza.
12:45 - 14:00. Rive Gauche project. Case-Study. Regeneration of the industrial zone: Multifunctional complex "vertical" styles mixing. Representative of the Architectural Bureau Art & Build Architects.
14:10 - 15:10. Lunch in the city center.
15:20 - 16:10. Design and design of multifunctional complexes. Object: Jardins de La Couronne / Crown Avenue (Redevelopment on the territory of a military hospital. The area of \u200b\u200bthe plot is 6 hectares, investments - 87 million euros. The project includes three types of housing - social, economy class and de-suite, as well as a low-storey office complex ). Excursion to the object. Representatives of the architectural bureau A.2r.c and Assar.
16:20 - 18:20. Other Low-rise buildings of Brussels. Residential complex with an area of \u200b\u200b100 thousand sq.m., adjacent to the office complex JARDINS de Jette with an area of \u200b\u200b40 thousand sq.m. Representative of the Assar Architectural Bureau.
18:20 - visit atomium - symbol WORLDEXPO - 1958. Visiting the observation deck (at an altitude of 102 m.). Dinner (ibid) or in the city.

June 26, Tuesday.
Breakfast in the hotel.
9:30 - 10:40. Technologies of economical construction. Ecology of buildings. Case-Studies: Covent Garden, Berlaymont (European Commission Building), European Quarter of Brussels. Representative of the Architectural Bureau Art & Build Architects.
10:50 - 12:30. Features of the reconstruction of buildings buildings in the middle of the XX century.The experience of the architectural bureau Assar and Atelier d'Art Urbain / Vizzion. Headquarters as a private element of office buildings. Case-Studies. Reconstruction of the Madou Plaza multifunctional complex (MIPIM-2006 laureate), Green Island (MIPIM -2000 laureate), low-rise office complex - KBC-Bank headquarters (largest bank of Belgium), NATO headquarters. Co-promoters: Executive Director of the Assar Architectural Bureau, Eric Isbrants, Executive Director of the ATELIER D'Art Urbain / Vizzion Architectural Bureau, Sefic Birko. Excursion to the Green Island object.
12:40 - 13:40. Lunch in the city.
13:50 - 15:20. Regeneration of industrial territories. Case-Study. Residential complex Jardins de Fondiers, built on the site of the former production buildings. Excursion to the object. Executive Director of the ATELIER D'Art Urbain / Vizzion Architectural Bureau, Sefik Birko.
15:30 - 16:40. ATELIER D'Art URBAIN Office Bureau Visit / Vizzion, familiarity with new projects of the company.
.16:50 - 18:20. Large-scale multifunctional complexes. SASE-STUDY. City Center / City 2 Shopping is the largest multifunctional project in Brussels over the past 30 years. Includes offices built while preserving the facade of the building department store of 1928 buildings, the living part and shopping mall. Excursion to the object. Representative of the ATELIER D'Art Urbain / Vizzion architectural bureau.
18:30 - Dinner in the city. Free time.

June 27, Wednesday.
Breakfast in the hotel.
9:30 - 12:15. Cultural component of modern microdistricon. Theater - the center of attraction
Tour of projects. 1. Louise Village. The reconstruction of the quarter in the trendy shopping area of \u200b\u200bBrussels, creating a pedestrian zone. Representative of CODIC, representative of the Assar Architectural Bureau;
2. Wolubilis is a cultural village. Low-storey multifunctional complex, including theater, shopping, residential and office space, art workshops. Representative of the Architectural Bureau A.2r.c.
3. Galeries Royales Saint-Hubert. Royal galleries. Representative of the Architectural Bureau A.2r.c.
4. Koninklijke Theater Vlaamse Schouwburg. Representative of the Architectural Bureau A.2r.c.
12:20 - 13:40. Lunch at the Theater Cafe.
13:50. Transfer from hotels at Brussels City Station.
14:40. Departure to Masrycht by train.
16:10. Arrival in Masriht. Accommodation in hotels.
17:00 - 18:40. Excursion to Masrychtu. Maasricht Mosae Forum. Representatives of Fortis Vastgoed.
19:00. Dinner.

June 28, Thursday.
Breakfast in the hotel.
9:30 - 10:30. Regeneration of the city center of Masrycht, Belvedere area of \u200b\u200b280 hectares. (investments 1.3 billion euros). Case-Study. Representative of the company ing Real Estate.
10:45 - 12:50. Excursion to the Belvedere district. Representatives of BPF Bouwinvest and Masrycht City Administration.
13:00 - 14:00. Dinner.
14:00. Transfer to the station.
14:50 - 16:10. Trip to Eindhoven by train.
16:15 - 16:45. Accommodation in hotels.
17:00 - 18:30. A visit to the Institute of Real Estate FONTS HOGESCHOOL UNIVERSITY OF PROFESSIONAL EDUCATION.
18:40. Dinner. Free time.

June 29, Friday.
Breakfast in the hotel.
9:30 - 10:30. Multifunctional shopping and entertainment complex Nimbus Family Entertainment Center. Case-Study. TCN Property Projects representative.
10:40 - 12:00. Free time.
12:20 - a trip to Helmond on the train.
12:40 - 13:30. Meeting with representatives of the Helmond Administration.
13:40 - 14:30. Lunch in the city center.
14:40 - 17:00. City Tour. Inspection of various objects of low-rise construction (Helmond is considered the center of modern low-rise buildings). Brandvorate, synthesia, building a multifunctional urban center.
17:10 and further. Free time.

Additional excursions can be organized at the request of the participants:
1. Bruously - a sightseeing tour;
2. Brucilsels - Museum of Fine Arts;
3.kololevskaya collage workshop.

UDC 624; 69; 72 Demidova E. V.

Rehabilitation of industrial territories as part of urban space

The article is devoted to the problem of rehabilitation of industrial territories, especially relevant in russian cities. The emphasis was on the study of concepts explaining the process of restoring urban areas, rehabilitation, reconstruction, renovation, revitalization, etc. The author characterizes the elements of rehabilitation by applying the "biological" approach to the study of cities. An example of one of the forms of the rehabilitation process is the update of industrial territories in domestic cities.

Keywords: rehabilitation, reconstruction, renovation, revitalization, restructuring, industrial areas.

The Rehabilitation Of Industrial Territories AS Parts of the City Space

The article Is Devuted to the Problems of Rehabilitation of Industrial Territories Which Is Especially Actual In The Russian Cities. In Article The Emphasis Is Placed On Studying Of The Concepts Explaining Process of Restoration of Urban Areas - Rehability, Reconstruction, Renovation, Revitalization, etc. The Author Characterizes RehaBilitation Elements by Means of Application of "Biological" Approach to Studying of the Cities. There Is Present Examples Of Rehabilitation Process - Regeneration Of Industrial Territories in the Russian Cities.

Keywords: RehaBilitation, Reconstruction, Renovation, Revitalization, Restructuring, Industrial Territories.

Demidov

Vladimirovna

senior Researcher of the Institute "Uralnyiproekt Rasn"

e-mail: [Email Protected]

In modern Russian conditions, there is extreme unevenness of spatial economic development. The settlement system at the municipal level is incorrectly formed with the lack of a sufficient number of medium cities and the dominance of megacities, which are tightened by capital, investment and labor resources. The interaction of regions is low productively, and the mobility of the population is extremely difficult; There are no high-performance territorial industrial clusters in the country, the infrastructure used is outdated. The solution of these problems is associated with the development and implementation of integrated strategies aimed at the harmonious development of territorial complexes.

In this regard, the most actual problems of the development of urban areas are in the field of the reconstruction of cities, streamlining the development of urban agglomerations, comprehensive transformation of the entire human life environment, its ecologization, humanization and aesthetization based on regionalism, which involves the accounting of local city-forming factors and conditions that in general The form is the process of rehabilitation of urban space.

With the help of a rehabilitation policy, urban structures create a kind of polarization of space, revealing weak points and problem areas, taking into account infrastructure prerequisites (you can make a "host card"), ensuring the adoption of proper management decisions, determining the form of land use, directions and the volume of reconstruction and new construction. It can be said that the policy of rehabilitation of urban space is a kind of molecular theory of the development of the territory, when all participants in the process of creating the habitat work are consciously and interconnected. In this case, it provides resolution of contradictions between the owner and the entire city community.

The rehabilitation of urban space in the general case is a recovery. Currently in scientific literature It did not form a generally accepted universal scientific and technical terminology in this field of human activity. In the domestic literature, the concept of "restoration of space" is filled with various content: synonyms are "reorganization", "renewal", "reconstruction", "modernization", "Restoration", "restructuring

rISION, RENNOVATION, REVITALIZATION, AND DR. Let's try to delimit the terms of terms and substantiate the feasibility of using the concept of "rehabilitation" in this text.

The need for the conversion of urban space means a fundamental shift of social development. The century of communications and post-industrial development contributes to the fact that systemicity and connectedness become the key characteristics of modern society, increasing the level of social complexity, which leads to the need to adapt urban settlements.

Considering the city as a social organism, N. P. Aziferov proposed, by analogy with a living being, to distinguish three elements, which determine the three approaches to the study of its unity - anatomy, physiology and psychology (soul) of the urban organism.

The organic theory of the city holds the M. G. Dikansky, who describes the following paradigm in the study of the city: " Modern science The streets considers streets, squares, markets, methods of communication, etc. As part of the whole, as part of the urban organism. " In the business part of the city, the author hears the "heart of a city organism", in the movement of the crowd "Circulating system", in electrical lighting and telephone lines - the "nervous system", in administrative center - "Mind, controlling actions", and the soul of the city is manifested "in the aspirations and feelings of citizens."

In many ways, the extrapolation of the term "rehabilitation" (lat. Re ... - Again + Habilis - adapted, comfortable; rehability - restoration of ability, fitness) from medicine in urban development theories is explained by research social Life big cities.

In the dictionary of the Russian language, "three definitions of this concept are given: restoration of honor, reputation of an incorrectly accused or fraud; restoration of court or administrative in previous rights; Restoration of the health and working capacity of people, the physical and mental abilities of which are limited after the diseases suffered, injuries.

IN Encyclopedic dictionary medical terms under rehabilitation implies a complex of medical, psychological, pedagogical, professional and legal measures to restore

the autonomy, working capacity and health of persons with limited physical and mental capabilities as a result of transferred or congenital diseases, as well as as a result of injuries. Wherein great importance It has social adaptation patients affected and disabled. At the conclusion of the experts of the World Health Organization, rehabilitation is defined as "combined and coordinated use of medical and social measures, learning and professional training or retraining aimed at ensuring the patient the highest possible level of functional activity for it. "

In jurisprudence, rehabilitation is the return of the person previously lost rights, privileges, good name, reputation; correction, re-education of criminals; The return of the criminal to normal work and public life through the use of funds such as liberation on bail, conditionally early liberation, etc. In ecology, rehabilitation is restoration, bringing the damaged ecosystem, landscape, etc. to the initial state.

In connection with the development of rehabilitation phenomena, from the point of view of economic relations, it is necessary to introduce the concept of rehabilitation into the terminological apparatus of urban planning activities. Such an approach means a refusal of reflexive step-by-step reactions to competitive and domestic threats of development and is based on the strategies for the proactive formation of conditions for the sustainable evolution of the city as a whole.

The term "rehabilitation" in relation to urban areas first appeared in connection with the reconstruction and restoration of whole quarters of many European cities after World War II. In the United States of America, the need for rehabilitation was caused by the processes of gentrification-nation occurring in major cities.

In Russian cities, following foreign, there is also a need for updating urban space. The nature of urbanization was changed in the country - she moved from the phase of the socialist, state-provided, in the phase, where the economic and social interests of private economic entities are issued to the fore

cheerfully choose a place for your home and business. State capital investments in the development of cities and territories changed by private investments that are subject to market laws and are designed to receive a rapid commercial effect.

Nevertheless, in the domestic literature, today the concept of rehabilitation is quite rarely found. The process of rehabilitation of urban areas abroad means restoring the urban environment, demolition of outdated buildings, arrangement of free territories and construction of projects for new design and design technologies.

The author determines the rehabilitation as an organized conversion of tissue of urban space, which is achieved as a result of simultaneous work in four areas - technical update, social revival (revitalization), economic modernization and environmental recovery (Illustration 1).

The first element is the technical re-equipment, namely the reconstruction. Reconstruction (from lat. Re ... - Prefix, indicating repeated, renewable effect, and Ranstmrtio - construction) - a radical reorganization, restructuring on new principles; Restoring something on the preserved residues or descriptions.

In industry, reconstruction is a modification, alteration of existing fixed assets based on their technical improvement. Vocabulary natural Sciences Person: "Reconstruction of the object - holding construction work In order to change the existing technical economic indicators of the object and improve the efficiency of its use, providing: the reorganization of the facility; change of dimensions and technical indicators; capital construction, extension, superstructures; Disassembly and strengthening of supporting structures; Re-equipment of the attic room under the attic; Construction and reconstruction of engineering systems and communications. During the reconstruction of buildings, a complete or partial release of the premises is envisaged: the separation of residents, the withdrawal of organizations, etc. .

In the Russian architectural and construction encyclopedia (part IV)

the following definition of the concept is given: "The reconstruction of construction objects is to bring the construction means of buildings and structures of various functional purposes in line with the requirements of time." First of all, the task of reconstruction includes the elimination of the moral and physical wear of construction objects. The reconstruction of construction objects "should be considered in connection with the urban planning situation, environmentalwhich defines ... parameters of reconstructed buildings. " Usually, the reconstruction of construction objects is related to their partial or complete redevelopment in accordance with the changed social and technical requirements. Mandatory condition Reconstruction is to ensure the modern level of comfort and improvement.

With regard to urban planning, the reconstruction of the city is an update, a fundamental transformation of the historically established city (its planning, development and improvement) caused by modern socio-economic, sanitary and hygienic and architectural and artistic requirements and carried out on the basis of achievements of science and technology.

The Urban Planning Code of the Russian Federation also provides the concept of reconstruction, under which it means a change in the parameters of capital construction objects, their parts (the number of rooms, height, the number of floors (hereinafter referred to as the flood), area, production capacity indicators, volume) and the quality of engineering and technical support.

E. M. Blokh is offered another definition, which includes not only technical and technological, but also economic content: the reconstruction is interpreted as a form of expanded reproduction of individual buildings and the entire housing stock and building of the city, microdistrict, quarter. This is the most wide, general concept, covering all conscious actions aimed at improving residential development and quality of life of the population.

In the Russian architectural encyclopedia, the concept of reconstruction of the architectural and historical environment of cities is provided - "This is quite free. construction work, subordinate to the problems of the functioning of objects of historical and cultural heritage in the new socio-economical

high conditions allowing the demolition of dilapidated buildings, redevelopment. not excluding the possibility of using new building materials" The determination of the reconstruction of the architectural and historical environment of cities is the most general concept Reconstruction, combining more private concepts.

Two subspecies of reconstruction that can be attributed to the conversion of urban space are restoration and modernization.

Restoration (from lat. Restavratio - recovery) - type of activity aimed at restoring the lost qualities of the object of restoration. It can be attractive appearance, practicality and reliability of designs, elements of finishing, communications. There are several types of restoration work, which combines a single goal - to restore lost properties and functions, aesthetics of the object.

According to A. F. Losev, "Restoration appears as a form or method of the physical implementation of the cultural inheritance process, and in this sense is subject to its laws ^!), 9]. A significant part of the restoration work implies the recreation of the historical appearance of the monument. The contribution of creativity of the restorers to this process is directed to this, the design of the author of the monument should be preserved - this is the main principle of restoration.

Modernization (from Greek. Modeme is the newest) - improvement, improvement, refreshment of the object, bringing it into line with new requirements and norms, specifications, quality indicators. This is the process of adapting the object to new views and needs, giving it a modern appearance.

Modernization is a form of simple reproduction. With modernization, a set of measures aimed at reducing physical and moral wear is performed, with the exception of the increase in total area, changes in the volume and appointment of the building. This term is not suitable for the descriptions of the urban environment, because it does not transmit the integrated nature of changes in complex systems.

The next step of rehabilitation is to work with the "organism" of the city, namely restructuring.

Restructuring (lat. Ge ... - again, again, back + lat. StGuctUGA - device, structure, composition) -

the change in the structure of something, in our case - the urban space management systems.

This is an important element of the rehabilitation process, designed to optimize the structure of urban economy and the mechanism of its management, which will ensure the level of efficiency that ensures its competitiveness. Restructuring is the part of the transformation, where the fastest return is observed, and the difficulties are the most significant. Many cities stop at this stage without using other directions, which does not lead to a new impetus for development.

Revitalization deals with the social side of the urban space and is designed to regenerate social activity and civil liability.

Revitalization (from lat. Ge. - Prefix, denoting renewal or repetition of action + lat. Y ^ anz - life, lifelike, lively - in the literal translation of the "return of vitality") - this is the process of "revival" of urban space by providing people with high quality and A favorable habitat, providing opportunities for creative and professional growth, active socialization and cultural development. This is the most time-consuming and least studied element, which, however, is the potential to the strongest direction of rehabilitation.

Renovation (from lat. Hepowaio - update, renewal) - excitation of the growth process by establishing the communication of the city with the environment. Renovation is aimed at metabolic processes and involves the use of external sources for its development and leveling of negative factors and conditions.

Each direction of rehabilitation contains a set of tools, each of which belongs to any area of \u200b\u200bthe city "body", which is presented in illustration 2.

Using the concept of studying the urban space as a biological mechanism, presented in Illustration 2, it can be concluded that the secret of sustainable urban development is the ability to lead the simultaneous interrelated transformation of all its systems (production, infrastructure, management, human resources, relations with the external environment, etc. d.).

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Intercity 1 renovative -), * Counting L and Qi i /

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Illustration 1. Four elements of the rehabilitation of urban territory

Illustration 2. Common "biological" scheme of the rehabilitation of urban space

Rehabilitation components are not only an improvement in the technical characteristics based on modern construction technologies and planning and composite solutions, but institutional (public) and environmental transformation. This is a complex process of high-quality reproduction of urban space with a synergistic effect.

The rehabilitation of the city's space includes not only technical and organizational, but also economic, legal, managerial and other issues and is considered as the process of bio-logo-socio-economic transformation, reflecting new market relations between its participants.

The essence of the policy and the choice of methods for holding the rehabilitation of urban areas depends on political, economic, social, conjunctural and even climatic factors. Political factors include the development of a town-planning concept, the position of local governments; to economic - the possibilities of budgets of all levels of management, potential investors, including the population; to social - satisfaction of the population by the quality of urban space, improving the quality of life; Conjunctural - the state of demand and supply, price level in real estate markets.

Having studied foreign experience in updating urban spaces, it can be argued that typical prerequisites for the rehabilitation of urban areas are:

1 Low quality of the functioning of urban buildings and structures caused by adverse weather conditions and a long period of operation;

2 irrational zoning of territories that do not ensure the environmental, sanitary and transport security of the population;

3 the need to restore the historical value of architectural monuments and old urban quarters;

4 Transition to this type of municipal policy (as in France), whose task is social integration and stimulating the investment process as levers of economic growth;

5 Voluntary desire of citizens and investors to promote the progress of urban development;

6 Changing the configuration of the social picture of the city, a change in local or regional image. The purpose of territorial rehabilitation is to improve the quality of urban space, and consequently, raising the living standards of citizens. The essence of this action is to the maximum efficient use of territories; ensuring their sustainable development; Enhance the competitiveness and development of socioeconomic potential.

Russia only entered into the path of development of administrative-territorial units on the principle of corporate strategy. However, the relevance of the integrated rehabilitation of the territories of domestic cities is no doubt.

First, the existing structure of the city of Soviet type only partially meets market conditions, featuring the low quality of housing and recreational areas, the high proportion of industrial and warehouse territories in the center of the city, an unfavorable transport situation (the level of transport infrastructure does not correspond to the load and does not sleep for Rising fleet in the city).

Secondly, the transformation processes of urban economic functions, the development of new technologies, the growth of income of the population and the change in their needs nominate new requirements for the quality of the urban environment.

Thirdly, the nature of urbanization was changed in the country. Public investments in the development of cities and territories changed by private investments that are subject to market laws and are designed to receive a quick commercial effect.

Industrial enterprises and the transport network on their territory are traditionally resistant to the structure. Now they are forced to become more dynamic and implanted into the common urban infrastructure in order to avoid gradual degradation and decline.

The giants and their huge industrial areas with all surrounding administrative buildings, industrial premises, warehouses and well-established transport infrastructure occupy a huge territory in the geographical center of domestic cities. All listed facts make this territory extremely attractive for developers.

In the Soviet period, industrial enterprises were built mainly on the outskirts of the city, gradually "faded" residential zone. Today they turned out to be completely surrounded by residential building, which has its diverse structure, an objective environment that is not related to industrial zones on architectural and artistic appearance and level of improvement. As a result, these zones exist in themselves.

In the Soviet Union and the domestic literature, these years paid attention to updating the moral and physically obsolete buildings and quarters; reconstruction of industrial facilities; However, the aspect of these knowledge was purely technical in nature, which does not meet the realities of modernity, when it is necessary to restore (transform) whole zones, given the social, environmental and economic consequences of data transformations. Scientific organizations at that time were engaged in the schemes of the ordering of industrial development; The main options for updating the urban environment were reduced to solving transport problems, as well as planning tasks by dismembering major industrial complexes into smaller components, as a result of which the city received a more open structure. However, these proposals were rarely implemented in practice, since the city authorities did not have a mechanism for managing processes of territorial transformation.

The market economy and the new legislative framework provided local governments, business and residents the right to dispose of the urban reorganization issues. Today, the redetermination of industrial territories can bring obvious results as a city (changing the appearance) and entrepreneurs, ready to invest in former plants. In the last decade, the first results of the rehabilitation of "industrial zones" appeared in the country.

The conversion of the former industrial territories is an extraordinary city planning interest for most industrial cities. During the deindustrialization, the area is exempt in the existence

Illustration 3. Courtyard of the house on ul. Komsomolskaya, 76, Yekaterinburg, Sverdlovsk region. URL: http: //www.mira39. RU / Gallery / 13

the boundaries of settlements, and, most attractive to invest, are in the central areas of cities. These areas can be used to develop urban infrastructure, building housing, improving the transport system.

In the city of Yekaterinburg, according to the General and Strategic Development Plans, a list of industrial enterprises planned for the endowment of the city trait was determined. Some owners of the enterprises themselves act in the role of investors: for example, "Ullave" builds a residential complex "University" on the site of the former factory (3).

At the site of the ball bearish plant was built by the residential complex "Bazhovsky" (Illustration 4).

The key to the positive effect on such projects lies in their polyfunctionality. This means a rejection of huge monostructures in development, such as large trade complexes, one-functional public centers or large residential entities without infrastructure integrated in them.

The most popular part of the programs for the rehabilitation of industrial zones are projects for the transformation of old non-working factories and factories in the objects significant for the city (museums, art galleries, cinemas, etc.). Dysfunctional urban spaces - former industrial areas, port terminals, territories of barracks or outdated transport hubs - require new use. So, the Nevyansky historical and architectural museum is located in the building of the former power plant XIX century. Next to the tower (illustration 5).

Illustration 4. Residential complex "Bazhovsky", Ekaterinburg, Sverdlovsk region. URL: http: //www.bazhovsky-pr. RU / Gallery3 / index.php / SDC11957

Illustration 5. Museum in the building of the former power plant and the Nevyanskaya Tower, Nevyansk, Sverdlovsk region. URL: http: // wikitravel. ORG / RU /% D0% A4% D 0% B0% D0% B9% D0% B B: Nevyansk-Tower2.jpg

Illustration 6. Exhibition Center of the Creative Space T -chki, St. Petersburg URL: http: //www.kommersant. 1 ^^^ 1882536.

Another option for the reconstruction of industrial structures without their absolute demolition is their reorientation for residential premises - Lofts (Illustration 6). The loft in the West is called residential premises, refurbished on the basis of old industrial buildings - production or storage spaces with high ceilings and preservation of the main structures. At the same time, there is a new form of organization of residential premises: the internal space is a single volume, with the exception of isolated utility rooms and bathrooms.

Now the Loft style is becoming popular in Russia: business centers and residential complexes have already been built in Moscow, St. Petersburg, Cheboksary and Yekaterinburg. However, at present, in Russia, developers sometimes easier to demolish the old plant or factory and build a new building on a vacant place. Only a few of them are decided to take on the reconstruction of historical (but not protected by the state) buildings. "Stylization" of private apartments under the "Loft" is also popular.

Conclusion

The main direction of the rehabilitation of industrial zones abroad is the technical re-equipment of industrial facilities, followed by a change in its functional appointment (up to just the opposite - residential, cultural, social and business).

the History of Success provides cities with new economic possibilities required today the quality of living space, jobs and the meaning of existence.

List of used literature

1 Blech E. M. Socio-economic efficiency of reconstruction and modernization of the housing stock / VNIITAG: Review // Live buildings: review information. M., 1989.

2 Big Soviet Encyclopedia. 3rd ed. : Electronic directory: In 30 tons. Online. URL: http: // Great-Soviet-Encyclopedia. RU (Date of handling: 03/11/2012).

3 Large Economic Dictionary / Ed. A. N. Azrigan. 5th ed., Add. and recreated. M., 2002.

4 Valchuk E. A. Dissancery and medical rehabilitation. URL: http://minzdrav.by / med / docs / journal / st_2009_n2_3.pdf (date of handling: 09.01.2012).

5 Town Planning Code of the Russian Federation. No. 190-FZ dated December 29, 2004. Official text. M., 2005.

6 Demidova E. V. Problems of rehabilitation of urban spaces // Academic Bulletin of Ural-Niiproekt Raasn. 2009. No. 2. C. 52-56.

7 Dikansky M. G. Problems of Modern Cities (Movement in Large Cities, Housing Crisis). M., 1925.

8 foreign and domestic traditions in the study of the city / Center for Sociological and Marketing Research "Analyst".

URL: http: // Socio-Research.

eN / SVD / CNT / EN / FLDR_MAINMENU / FLDR_PUBLICATIONS / FLDR_THESIS / FLDR_ DNV_CITYMODFICATION / FLDR_DNV_ ABSTRACT / FLDR_CHAPTER_01 / CNT_ CHAP_01_03 (Date of handling:

9 Culture as the locomotive of the development of the city. M., 2006.

10 Losev A. F. On the concept of an artistic canon // The problem of canon in the ancient and medieval art of Asia and Africa. M., 1973.

11 Lysova A.I. Reconstruction of buildings. L., 1979.

12 Ozhegov S. I. Dictionary of the Russian language. M., 1987.

13 City Recovery Policy. Experience in France / Document of the General Department of Urbanistics, Housing and Construction. July 2001

14 Russian architectural innovative encyclopedia. T. 4. URL: http: //www.gosstroy. RU / Rasee.ru (date of handling: 10/20/2012).

15 Dictionary on natural sciences. URL: http://www.glossary.ru (date of handling: 02/14/2012).

16 Sher M. Feeling Loft // Spark. 2012. № 11.

17 Encyclopedic Dictionary of Medical Terms / Ed. B. V. Petrovsky. M., 1984. T. 3.

18 Encyclopedic Dictionary of Economics and Law. URL: http: //